Vehicle body appearance defect detection method and detection system
阅读说明：本技术 车身外观缺陷检测方法及检测系统 (Vehicle body appearance defect detection method and detection system ) 是由 严婉 张俊 刘益 于 2019-08-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种车身外观缺陷检测方法及检测系统,包括：使用激光器照射车身表面；检测激光光斑在车身表面的形状；判断光斑形状是否出现异常；若有异常,则确定所述车身表面存在缺陷,若无异常,则确定所述车身表面不存在缺陷。本发明的车身外观缺陷检测方法,采用激光照射凸显车身的表面形状,再通过图像特征识别,通过判断表面形状可以较为容易的判断车身是否存在缺陷。采用本发明检测方法的检测系统,自动化程度高,不需要人工参与,自动记录存储,检测速度快,准确率高,设备安装方便。(The invention provides a method and a system for detecting appearance defects of a vehicle body, comprising the following steps: irradiating the surface of the vehicle body with a laser; detecting the shape of a laser spot on the surface of the vehicle body; judging whether the shape of the light spot is abnormal or not; and if the abnormality exists, determining that the defect exists on the surface of the vehicle body, and if the abnormality does not exist, determining that the defect does not exist on the surface of the vehicle body. According to the method for detecting the appearance defects of the vehicle body, the surface shape of the vehicle body is highlighted through laser irradiation, and then image characteristic recognition is carried out, so that whether the vehicle body has defects or not can be judged easily through judging the surface shape. The detection system adopting the detection method has the advantages of high automation degree, no need of manual participation, automatic record and storage, high detection speed, high accuracy and convenient equipment installation.)
1. A method for detecting appearance defects of a vehicle body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
irradiating the surface of the vehicle body with a laser;
detecting the shape of a laser spot on the surface of the vehicle body;
judging whether the shape of the light spot is abnormal or not; and if the abnormality exists, determining that the defect exists on the surface of the vehicle body, and if the abnormality does not exist, determining that the defect does not exist on the surface of the vehicle body.
2. The method for detecting the defects in the appearance of the vehicle body according to claim 1, wherein the step of detecting the shape of the laser spot on the surface of the vehicle body comprises: and acquiring the shape of the real-time light spot through an image acquisition device, and detecting the real-time light spot image.
3. The vehicle body appearance defect detection method according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining whether the spot shape is abnormal includes: and performing feature extraction on the real-time light spot image to obtain the contour of the boundary of the laser contacted with the surface of the vehicle body, namely the contour of the surface of the vehicle body, and determining that the surface of the vehicle body has defects if the shape of the contour has sudden change and/or the contour is different from a standard contour.
4. The method for detecting the defects of the appearance of the car body according to claim 3, wherein the situations of the shape sudden change include but are not limited to: the method comprises the following steps of enlarging the area of a light spot, reducing the area of the light spot, contracting the boundary of the light spot, expanding the boundary of the light spot, blurring the boundary of the light spot, sinking the boundary of the light spot, protruding the boundary of the light spot and partially missing the light spot.
5. A vehicle body appearance defect detection system, comprising:
a laser for emitting laser light to irradiate a vehicle body surface;
the image acquisition device shoots a real-time light spot image formed on the surface of the vehicle body by the laser;
the characteristic extraction module is used for identifying the surface contour of the vehicle body in the real-time light spot image;
the contour judging module is used for judging whether the contour has shape mutation or not and/or judging whether the contour is different from a standard contour or not.
6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a display device for displaying the outline.
7. The system for detecting the appearance defects of the car body according to claim 5, further comprising a storage unit for storing the real-time spot image, the contour and a standard contour.
8. The vehicle body appearance defect detection system of claim 5, wherein the laser is a line laser, and laser radiation emitted by the laser forms a line-shaped light spot.
9. The vehicle body appearance defect detection device of claim 5, wherein at least one laser is arranged at the top of the vehicle body, at least one laser is arranged at the left side part of the vehicle body along the vehicle head direction, and at least one laser is arranged at the right side part of the vehicle body along the vehicle head direction.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the image capturing device comprises a plurality of industrial cameras, each of the industrial cameras corresponds to a laser and is responsible for capturing the spot image of the laser.
11. The apparatus for detecting the apparent defect of the car body according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the system further comprises a gantry, the gantry is arranged on a car body production line, and the laser and the image acquisition device are mounted on the gantry.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automobile manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method and a system for detecting appearance defects of an automobile body.
Background
When the automobile body is welded, the defects of concave-convex marks and the like of the automobile body caused by various factors can be caused, and if the automobile body is not monitored, the state of the automobile body flowing out of a welding workshop can not be known. Once the vehicle body with the larger appearance defect flows into the subsequent production process, the greater economic loss is caused. At present, the appearance defect detection of the automobile body is to confirm whether the automobile body has defects through hands of advanced engineers, and the automobile body appearance defect detection method is high in cost, low in efficiency and high in false detection rate.
The technology for detecting the appearance defects of the vehicle body meeting the requirement of automatic production is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method and a system for detecting the appearance defects of the vehicle body, which aims to solve the technical problem of lacking a means for detecting the appearance defects of the vehicle body.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for detecting an appearance defect of a vehicle body, including:
irradiating the surface of the vehicle body with a laser;
detecting the shape of a laser spot on the surface of the vehicle body;
judging whether the shape of the light spot is abnormal or not; and if the abnormality exists, determining that the defect exists on the surface of the vehicle body, and if the abnormality does not exist, determining that the defect does not exist on the surface of the vehicle body.
Preferably, the step of detecting the shape of the laser spot on the surface of the vehicle body includes: and acquiring the shape of the real-time light spot through an image acquisition device, and detecting the real-time light spot image.
Preferably, the step of judging whether the spot shape is abnormal includes: and (3) performing feature extraction on the real-time light spot image to obtain the contour of the boundary of the laser contacted with the surface of the vehicle body, namely the contour of the surface of the vehicle body, and determining that the surface of the vehicle body has defects if the shape of the contour has sudden change and/or the contour is different from the standard contour.
Preferably, the case of shape mutations includes, but is not limited to: the method comprises the following steps of enlarging the area of a light spot, reducing the area of the light spot, contracting the boundary of the light spot, expanding the boundary of the light spot, blurring the boundary of the light spot, sinking the boundary of the light spot, protruding the boundary of the light spot and partially missing the light spot.
A vehicle body appearance defect detection system comprising:
the laser is used for emitting laser to irradiate the surface of the vehicle body;
the image acquisition device shoots a real-time light spot image formed on the surface of the vehicle body by the laser;
the characteristic extraction module is used for identifying the surface contour of the vehicle body in the real-time light spot image;
and the contour judging module is used for judging whether the contour has shape mutation or not and/or judging whether the contour is different from the standard contour or not.
Preferably, the system further comprises a display device for displaying the outline.
Preferably, the system further comprises a storage unit for storing the real-time spot image, the profile and the standard profile.
Preferably, the laser is a line laser, and laser irradiation emitted by the laser forms a linear light spot.
Preferably, the top of the vehicle body is at least provided with one laser, the left side part of the vehicle body along the vehicle head direction is at least provided with one laser, and the right side part of the vehicle body along the vehicle head direction is at least provided with one laser.
Preferably, the image acquisition device comprises a plurality of industrial cameras, each industrial camera corresponds to one laser and is responsible for shooting the spot images of the lasers.
Preferably, the system further comprises a portal frame, the portal frame is arranged on the vehicle body production line, and the laser and the image acquisition device are installed on the portal frame.
The method and the system for detecting the appearance defects of the vehicle body have the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for detecting the appearance defects of the vehicle body, the surface shape of the vehicle body is highlighted by laser irradiation, the surface shape of the vehicle body is identified by image feature identification, and whether the vehicle body has defects or not can be judged easily by judging the surface shape.
2. The detection system adopting the detection method of the invention has the advantages of high automation degree, no need of manual participation, automatic record and storage, high detection speed, high accuracy and convenient equipment installation
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting defects in the appearance of a vehicle body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a real-time spot image according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an outline of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle body appearance defect detection system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is an installation schematic diagram of a laser, an industrial camera and a gantry of the vehicle body appearance defect detection system in the embodiment of the invention.
The reference numerals are represented as:
1. a laser; 2. a vehicle body; 4. a contour; 5. an image acquisition device; 6. a feature extraction module; 7. a contour judgment module; 8. a display device; 9. a storage unit; 10. an industrial camera; 11. a portal frame.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3 in combination, an embodiment of the invention discloses a method for detecting a vehicle body appearance defect, which includes:
irradiating the surface of the
and step two, detecting the shape of the laser spot on the surface of the vehicle body.
In this embodiment, after the laser device irradiates the vehicle body, the image acquisition device acquires the real-time light spot shape formed on the surface of the vehicle body, and then detects the real-time light spot image.
And step three, judging whether the shape of the light spot is abnormal or not.
In this embodiment, feature extraction is performed on the real-time spot image, and an
The image feature extraction is to use a computer to extract the required features through image analysis and transformation, and the features can be extracted from the image after being detected. Image feature extraction includes template-based methods, edge-based methods, grayscale-based methods, spatial transformation-based methods, and the types of features that can be extracted from an image include edges, corners, regions, ridges, and the like. In this embodiment, the laser spot color is different from the vehicle body, and the shape of the boundary line between the laser spot color and the vehicle body can be obtained by using image feature extraction.
And if the shape of the contour has abrupt change and/or the contour is different from the standard contour, determining that the surface of the vehicle body has defects. Situations where shape mutations include, but are not limited to: the method comprises the following steps of enlarging the area of a light spot, reducing the area of the light spot, contracting the boundary of the light spot, expanding the boundary of the light spot, blurring the boundary of the light spot, sinking the boundary of the light spot, protruding the boundary of the light spot and partially missing the light spot.
And step four, if the contour is abnormal, determining that the surface of the vehicle body has defects, and if the contour is not abnormal, determining that the surface of the vehicle body does not have defects.
According to the method for detecting the appearance defects of the vehicle body, the surface shape of the vehicle body is highlighted through laser irradiation, the surface shape of the vehicle body is reconstructed through image feature recognition, and whether the vehicle body has defects or not can be judged easily through judging the surface shape.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a vehicle body appearance defect detection system in combination with the embodiments of fig. 4-5, which comprises:
the laser device 1 is used for emitting laser to irradiate the surface of the
In this embodiment, the detection positions of the vehicle body are respectively located at the top, the left side portion and the right side portion along the vehicle head direction, so that at least one laser 1 is arranged at the top of the vehicle body, at least one laser 1 is arranged at the left side portion of the vehicle body along the vehicle head direction, and at least one laser 1 is arranged at the right side portion of the vehicle body along the vehicle head direction.
The image acquisition device 5 is used for shooting a real-time light spot image formed on the surface of the
The feature extraction module 6 is used for identifying the
and the outline judging module 7 is used for judging whether the
The vehicle body appearance defect detection system of the embodiment adopts a laser to irradiate a vehicle body, then an image acquisition device 5 shoots the shape of a light spot on the surface of the vehicle body, a feature extraction technology is utilized to identify the outline of the vehicle body of a laser irradiation part, and whether the vehicle body has appearance defects is judged according to whether the outline is abnormal.
In this embodiment, the system further includes a display device 8 and a storage unit 9, where the display device 8 is used for displaying the outline and the defect determination result. The display device 8 can be arranged beside the production line, and an operator can see the outline and the defect judgment result of each vehicle body at any time. The storage unit 9 is used for storing the real-time light spot image, the
In this embodiment, the system further includes a gantry 11, the gantry 11 is disposed on the vehicle body production line, and the laser 1 and the industrial camera 10 are mounted on the gantry 11. The industrial camera 10 and the laser 1 are directly arranged on a production line of the vehicle body under the support of the portal frame 11, the vehicle body is detected on line, and the detection efficiency is high.
The automobile body appearance defect detection system of this embodiment can realize the online defect detection of automobile body, and degree of automation is high, does not need artifical participation to judge the testing result, and the automatic recording is saved, and detection speed is fast, and the rate of accuracy is high, equipment fixing is convenient.
It is readily understood by a person skilled in the art that the advantageous ways described above can be freely combined, superimposed without conflict.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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