阅读说明：本技术 一种快速建立激光基准弦线的轨道平顺度测量装置及方法 (Track smoothness measuring device and method for quickly establishing laser reference string ) 是由 赵智良 刘光辉 于 2019-11-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种快速建立激光基准弦线的轨道平顺度测量装置及方法,装置包括发射端和测量端,发射端包括激光发射管和方向控制机构等；测量端包括激光接收屏、嵌入式CPU、摄像头和人机界面等。测量时激光发射管将激光投射到激光接收屏上形成光斑,摄像头捕获光斑在激光接收屏上形成的光斑图像,CPU对光斑图像进行处理分析计算获得光斑中心的位置。轨道平顺度测量前需先建立激光基准弦线,由测量端通过无线通信遥控发射端的激光方向,先手动遥控使激光光斑进入接收屏幕,然后测量端根据光斑与原点的偏差,自动遥控激光发射方向直到光斑中心对准原点,从而建立激光基准弦线。建立过程速度快,效率高,单人即可操作,并可近距离观察激光的对准效果。(The invention discloses a track smoothness measuring device and method for quickly establishing a laser reference chord line, wherein the device comprises a transmitting end and a measuring end, wherein the transmitting end comprises a laser transmitting tube, a direction control mechanism and the like; the measuring end comprises a laser receiving screen, an embedded CPU, a camera, a human-computer interface and the like. During measurement, the laser transmitting tube projects laser onto the laser receiving screen to form light spots, the camera captures light spot images formed by the light spots on the laser receiving screen, and the CPU processes, analyzes and calculates the light spot images to obtain the position of the center of the light spots. Before measuring the smoothness of the track, a laser reference string line needs to be established, the measuring end remotely controls the laser direction of the transmitting end through wireless communication, the laser facula enters a receiving screen through manual remote control, and then the measuring end automatically remotely controls the laser transmitting direction until the center of the facula is aligned with the original point according to the deviation of the facula and the original point, so that the laser reference string line is established. The establishing process is fast and efficient, can be operated by a single person, and can observe the alignment effect of the laser in a close range.)

1. The utility model provides a track smoothness measuring device of quick establishment laser reference chord line, relatively places emission end and measuring end at surveyed rail both ends during including the measurement which characterized in that: the transmitting end comprises a laser transmitting tube, a centripetal joint bearing and a direction control mechanism; the measuring end comprises a laser receiving screen, a camera and a human-computer interface;

the transmitting terminal also comprises a control circuit and a wireless communication module connected with the control circuit;

the radial spherical plain bearing is connected with the head of the laser emission tube, so that the position change of the outlet facula is within an allowable error range when the direction is adjusted;

the direction control mechanism is arranged at the tail part of the laser emission tube, receives the instruction of the control circuit and controls the two-dimensional movement of the tail part of the laser emission tube so as to control the emission direction of the laser;

the measuring end also comprises an embedded CPU and a wireless communication module; the camera, the wireless communication module and the human-computer interface are respectively connected with the embedded CPU;

the wireless communication modules are arranged in the transmitting end and the measuring end and exchange data information with each other;

during measurement, a laser transmitting tube of a transmitting end projects laser onto a laser receiving screen of a measuring end to form a light spot, a camera captures a light spot image formed on the laser receiving screen by the light spot, and an embedded CPU processes, analyzes and calculates the light spot image to obtain the position of the center of the light spot.

2. The rail smoothness measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the laser receiving screen of the measuring end consists of a gray filter and a semi-transparent die tightly attached to the filter; the camera is arranged in the measuring end and at the center of the rear part of the laser receiving screen, and can shoot the whole laser receiving screen and a laser spot image projected on the laser receiving screen; the embedded CPU takes the position of a certain point at the center or nearby of the laser receiving screen as an original point and establishes a plane rectangular coordinate system; and the position of the spot center in the coordinate system, which is obtained by the embedded CPU calculation, is the height of the measured point steel rail smoothness and the rail direction deviation.

3. The rail smoothness measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the laser emitting tube in the emitting end takes the head part as an axis, and the laser direction is adjusted by swinging the tail part; the centripetal joint bearing is connected with the head of the laser emission tube and is fixed at the front end in the emission end; the direction control mechanism is positioned at the tail part in the transmitting end, and comprises a rack, a left adjusting device and a right adjusting device which are arranged at two sides of the rack, the left adjusting device and the right adjusting device have the same structure and are driven by a micro stepping motor, the direction control mechanism also comprises a sliding table, a screw rod and a sliding block with a sliding groove, and the sliding block can drive the sliding groove to move back and forth along the screw rod under the driving of the motor; the tail of the laser emission tube is provided with a deflector rod coaxial with the laser tube, the deflector rod penetrates into the sliding grooves of the two sliding blocks, and the left adjusting device and the right adjusting device are arranged orthogonally, so that the deflector rod can move in a small-range plane, and the direction of laser is adjusted; the left adjusting device and the base form an angle of 45 degrees, so that the deflector rod can move stably along one side of the sliding chute in a clinging manner under the action of gravity.

4. The rail smoothness measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the transmitting end and the measuring end are internally provided with wireless communication modules, and data information and instruction information can be exchanged between the transmitting end and the measuring end;

the human-computer interface of the measuring end consists of a liquid crystal display screen and a plurality of keys; an operator can send an instruction through a human-computer interface of the measuring end to control the laser emission direction of the emitting end; an operator can also press a key to enable the measuring end to enter an automatic alignment mode, and the measuring end automatically sends an instruction for controlling the laser direction according to the position of the laser spot on the laser receiving screen, so that the laser spot moves and aligns to the original point position on the laser receiving screen.

5. The rail smoothness measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the outer parts of the transmitting end and the measuring end are respectively provided with a closed shell matched with the structure of the transmitting end and the measuring end, and the shells are respectively provided with concave grains, so that the transmitting end and the measuring end can be conveniently gripped by one hand; the front end of the shell of the transmitting end is provided with a laser transmitting window adopting optical plane glass; the laser receiving screen of the measuring end is composed of a gray filter and a semi-permeable module tightly attached to the filter to form a front face of the measuring end, a human-computer interface of the measuring end is arranged above a shell of the laser receiving screen, and the human-computer interface is sealed by a thin film panel; during the measurement operation, rail top surface is hugged closely to the bottom plate bottom surface of transmitting terminal and measuring terminal, and the side of bottom plate is in the same one side of rail and the side of laminating rail, and when transmitting terminal and measuring terminal pressed close to, the laser projection of transmitting terminal transmission was put or near the central point of measuring terminal laser receiving screen.

6. The measuring method of a track smoothness measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:

s1, fixing a transmitting end on a steel rail of a measurement starting point, and moving the measuring end to enable a laser receiving screen to be close to a laser transmitting port of the transmitting end;

s2, after the measuring end is leveled, emitting laser, analyzing and storing the position of the center of the light spot projected on the laser receiving screen by the measuring end, and establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system in the laser receiving screen by taking the position as an origin position;

s3, placing the measuring end on a steel rail far away from the measuring reference end, enabling the laser receiving screen to face the transmitting end, if laser is projected outside the laser receiving screen, remotely controlling the angle of the laser transmitting tube through a human-computer interface to ensure that the laser enters the laser receiving screen, and then leveling the measuring end;

s4, the measuring end sends an instruction for adjusting the angle of the laser transmitting tube to the transmitting end according to the offset between the center position of the received laser spot and the original point position of S2 until the center of the laser spot is aligned with the original point position, the measuring end sends an instruction for locking the angle of the laser transmitting tube, the transmitting end locks the laser transmitting direction according to the instruction, and a laser reference chord line is established;

s5, placing the measuring end on the steel rail at the position required to be measured, leveling the measuring end, and then analyzing and calculating the central position of a light spot projected onto the laser receiving screen by the measuring end according to the coordinate system established in the S2 to obtain the smoothness deviation of the steel rail at the measuring position, and displaying the smoothness deviation on the liquid crystal screen.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser collimation measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the smoothness of track long wave for quickly establishing a laser reference string.

Background

In order to realize the safety and comfort of train operation in a high-speed state, higher smoothness of the railway track must be ensured. The rail smoothness comprises two basic parameters of rail direction and height, and the two parameters refer to the size deviation of the steel rail in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction from the ideal position of the steel rail.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring the smoothness of a track, which are used for quickly establishing a laser reference string, aiming at the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows,

a track smoothness measuring device for quickly establishing a laser reference chord line comprises a transmitting end and a measuring end which are oppositely arranged at two ends of a measured rail during measurement, wherein the transmitting end comprises a laser transmitting tube; the measuring end comprises a laser receiving screen, a camera and a human-computer interface;

the transmitting end also comprises a radial spherical plain bearing, a direction control mechanism, a control circuit and a wireless communication module connected with the control circuit;

the radial spherical plain bearing is connected with the head of the laser emission tube; the laser tube is ensured to move flexibly, and the position change of the outlet light spot is within an allowable error range when the direction is adjusted at a small angle;

the direction control mechanism is arranged at the tail part of the laser emission tube, receives the instruction of the control circuit and controls the two-dimensional movement of the tail part of the laser emission tube so as to control the emission direction of the laser;

the measuring end also comprises an embedded CPU and a wireless communication module; the camera, the human-computer interface and the wireless communication module are respectively connected with the embedded CPU;

the wireless communication modules are arranged in the transmitting end and the measuring end and exchange data information and instruction information with each other;

during measurement, a laser transmitting tube of a transmitting end projects laser onto a laser receiving screen of a measuring end to form a light spot, a camera captures a light spot image formed on the laser receiving screen by the light spot, and an embedded CPU processes, analyzes and calculates the light spot image to obtain the position of the center of the light spot.

The laser receiving screen of the measuring end consists of a gray filter and a semi-transparent die tightly attached to the filter, and the gray filter can weaken the influence of ambient light; the camera is a miniature high-definition color CMOS camera, is positioned in the center of the rear part of the laser receiving screen in the measuring end, and can shoot the whole laser receiving screen and a laser spot image projected on the laser receiving screen; the embedded CPU takes the position of a certain point at the center or nearby of the laser receiving screen as an original point and establishes a plane rectangular coordinate system; and the embedded CPU filters the color, the light intensity and the shape of the light spot image, processes, analyzes and calculates to obtain the position of the light spot center in a coordinate system, namely the height of the smoothness of the steel rail of the measured point and the rail direction deviation.

The laser emission tube in the emission end takes the head part as an axis, and the laser direction is adjusted by swinging the tail part; the direction control mechanism is positioned at the tail part in the transmitting end, and comprises a rack, a left adjusting device and a right adjusting device which are arranged at two sides of the rack, the left adjusting device and the right adjusting device have the same structure and are driven by a micro stepping motor, the direction control mechanism also comprises a sliding table, a screw rod and a sliding block with a sliding groove, and the sliding block can drive the sliding groove to move back and forth along the screw rod under the driving of the motor;

the tail of the laser emission tube is provided with a deflector rod coaxial with the laser tube, the deflector rod penetrates into the sliding grooves of the two sliding blocks, and the left adjusting device and the right adjusting device are arranged orthogonally, so that the deflector rod can move in a small-range plane, and the direction of laser is adjusted; the left adjusting device and the base form an angle of 45 degrees, so that the deflector rod can move stably along one side of the sliding chute in a clinging manner under the action of gravity.

The bottom of the transmitting end and the bottom of the measuring end are both provided with bottom plates, and the bottom plates can enable the device to be stably and accurately placed on the steel rail; the bottom plate is L-shaped and made of nonmagnetic 304 stainless steel, a powerful magnet is arranged above the bottom plate, and the bottom surfaces of the bottom plates of the transmitting end and the measuring end are adsorbed on the top surface of the steel rail through the magnet during measuring operation; and meanwhile, the inner side surface of the side plate is required to be close to the side surface of the steel rail, and in order to avoid the possible fat edge, the side edge is designed to be C-shaped.

An elastic rail clamp is arranged opposite to the side plate of the measuring end, a horizontal bubble is arranged at the top of the measuring end shell, the top surface of the steel rail is slightly arc-shaped, and the measuring end can be adjusted to the horizontal position by slightly swinging by utilizing the friction force generated by the clamping of the rail clamp; the design can ensure the consistency of the measuring end placed on the steel rail during the measuring operation, and avoid the influence of human factors on the placement.

The transmitting end does not need to be designed by a rail clamp and a horizontal bubble, and the accuracy of measurement can be ensured as long as the transmitting end is basically placed in place during measurement and does not move in the whole measurement process.

When the transmitting end and the measuring end are oppositely placed on the steel rail, the side edge of the bottom plate is positioned at the same side of the steel rail; when the transmitting end and the measuring end are close to each other, the laser emitted by the transmitting end is projected to the central position or the vicinity of the laser receiving screen of the measuring end.

The wireless communication module can exchange data information and instruction information between the transmitting end and the measuring end;

the human-computer interface of the measuring end consists of a liquid crystal display screen and a plurality of keys; an operator can send an instruction through a human-computer interface of the measuring end to control the laser emission direction of the emitting end; the measuring end can also automatically send an instruction for controlling the laser direction according to the position of the laser spot on the laser receiving screen, so that the laser spot moves and is aligned to the original point position on the laser receiving screen.

The camera adopts a miniature high-definition color CMOS camera, the laser receiving screen at the measuring end consists of a gray filter and a semi-transparent die tightly attached to the filter, and the embedded CPU carries out color, light intensity and shape filtering on the speckle image, carries out processing analysis and calculation and can adapt to all-weather outdoor operation.

The embedded CPU is a multimedia DSP processing chip and can rapidly process various data information and image data; the light spot image processing, the light spot central point calculation, the smoothness deviation calculation, the wireless communication, the data storage, the measurement data display, the manual instruction receiving and the like are all completed by the embedded CPU.

The outer parts of the transmitting end and the measuring end are respectively provided with a closed shell matched with the structure of the transmitting end and the measuring end, and the shells are respectively provided with concave grains, so that the transmitting end and the measuring end can be conveniently gripped by one hand; the interior of the transmitting end is controlled by electromechanics, and the exterior of the transmitting end is not provided with any manual adjusting and fastening device; the rail clip at the measuring end is designed to be placed in a downward pressing mode, the operation is simple and convenient, and no adjusting and fastening device is needed; the transmitting end and the measuring end have compact structures, small volumes, closed shells and can be grasped and operated by one hand, thereby being suitable for various outdoor working environments and being convenient to carry, maintain and repair.

The measuring method based on the track smoothness measuring device comprises the following steps:

s1, fixing a transmitting end on a steel rail of a measurement starting point, and moving the measuring end to enable a laser receiving screen to be close to a laser transmitting port of the transmitting end;

s2, after the measuring end is leveled, emitting laser, analyzing and storing the position of the center of the light spot projected on the laser receiving screen by the measuring end, and after a 0-correction key is pressed, establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system in the laser receiving screen by taking the position as an origin position;

s3, placing the measuring end on a steel rail far away from the measuring reference end, enabling the laser receiving screen to face the transmitting end, if laser is projected outside the laser receiving screen, remotely controlling the angle of the laser transmitting tube through a human-computer interface to ensure that the laser enters the laser receiving screen, and then leveling the measuring end;

s4, the measuring end sends an instruction for adjusting the angle of the laser transmitting tube to the transmitting end according to the offset between the center position of the received laser spot and the original point position of S2 until the center of the laser spot is aligned with the original point position, the measuring end sends an instruction for locking the angle of the laser transmitting tube, the transmitting end locks the laser transmitting direction according to the instruction, and a laser reference chord line is established;

s5, the measuring end is movably placed on the steel rail at the position needing to be measured, after the measuring end is leveled, the measuring end analyzes and calculates the central position of a light spot projected onto the laser receiving screen according to the coordinate system established in the S2, the smoothness deviation of the steel rail at the measuring position is obtained, and the smoothness deviation is displayed on the liquid crystal screen.

The principle of the invention for establishing the laser reference string line by the track smoothness measuring device is as follows, the head of the laser emission tube is connected on the base of the emission end through the radial spherical plain bearing, the tail end of the laser emission tube swings, the laser actually swings by taking the center of the emission port of the head of the emission tube as the axis, at the measuring starting point, the laser receiving screen is close to the laser emitting port, the central position of a laser spot obtained on the laser receiving screen can be ensured to be equal to the central position of the emitting port at the head of the laser emitting tube, after the measuring end is leveled, the position of the spot center on the laser receiving screen at the moment is defined as the origin of a plane rectangular coordinate, a coordinate system with equal height and equal deflection is established between the transmitting end and the measuring end, when the measuring end is placed at the far measuring reference end and leveled, the remote control laser is projected to the position of the origin, and at the moment, the laser between the measuring starting point and the far measuring reference end forms a measuring reference string. And the deviation of the smoothness of the steel rail of each measuring point between the measuring starting point and the remote measuring reference end is the reading of the spot center on a coordinate system in the plane of the laser receiving screen.

Compared with the prior art, the device of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. simple maintenance and use, simple structure and low manufacturing cost

The origin of the transmitting end and the measuring end is automatically determined on site, and the origin is basically unchanged when the laser direction is adjusted after the origin is determined, so that the two ends do not need to be accurately aligned to the central position, and the transmitting end does not need to be additionally provided with a leveling device; because the transmitting end does not have any data measurement requirement, the direction of the laser tube is only required to be adjusted according to the instruction of the measuring end, and the adjustment only needs relative precision, so the requirements on manufacturing precision are low, and the cost is low.

The measuring end adopts a miniature high-definition color CMOS camera to shoot images, light spot image processing, smoothness deviation calculation, wireless communication, data storage, data reading and the like are all completed by an embedded CPU, measured data are displayed in real time, a human-computer interface is simple, external data processing equipment is not needed, no complicated mechanical adjusting device is arranged outside, and the requirements of low manufacturing cost and compact structure are met.

2. The operation is convenient and simple

This device is particularly suitable for night skylight point maintenance operation, because when measuring the manual remote control laser direction of end, can closely observe the alignment effect of laser, the laser facula gets into behind the receiving screen, the measuring end is according to the deviation of laser facula central point and initial point, through wireless communication module, the instruction of regulation is sent out to the laser emission direction of transmitting end, remote control laser emission direction is up to the initial point of facula central point alignment, this process need not artificial interference, it is all accomplished by machine automatically regulated, it is fast to establish laser benchmark string line, high efficiency, whole measurement operation overall process only needs just can accomplish alone.

3. Implementing IP54 protection

Because no complicated manual adjusting mechanism is arranged, the appearances of the transmitting end and the measuring end can be designed into a closed form, the IP54 or higher protection standard is easily realized, the outdoor environment can be adapted, and the maintenance is simpler.

4. Integrated, portable design

The embedded CPU is adopted, and direction adjustment, shooting, processing, display, communication and storage are integrated in the closed shell, so that the portable multifunctional electronic device is small and portable, and is simple and portable to carry and operate. The total weight of the whole set of equipment can be controlled within 2Kg, and the whole set of equipment can be put into a 290x290x110mm toolbox and can be lifted by one hand.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an appearance structure of a transmitting end and a measuring end of an embodiment of a track smoothness measuring apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmitting terminal in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the measurement terminal of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the transmitting end and the measuring end;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a working state in which a measurement coordinate origin is established at a measurement starting point by the track smoothness measurement apparatus;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of the working state of the track smoothness measuring apparatus of the embodiment in the remote control laser emission direction of the remote measurement reference end.

In the figure, 1, an emitting end 101, an emitting end shell 102, an emitting end bottom plate 103, an emitting end side edge plate 104, a laser emitting window 105 and emitting end shell concave lines

11. Laser emission tube 111, driving lever 12, radial spherical plain bearing 121, bearing seat

13. Direction control mechanism 131, frame 132, right adjusting device 133, left adjusting device 134, stepping motor 135, lead screw 136, lead screw sliding table 137, sliding block 138, driving lever sliding groove

14. Control circuit 15, transmitting terminal wireless communication module 16 and strong magnet

2. Measuring end 201, measuring end shell 202, measuring end bottom plate 203, measuring end side edge plate 204, track clamp 205 and measuring end shell concave line

21. The device comprises a laser receiving screen 22, a horizontal bulb 23, a cassette 24, a camera 25, a liquid crystal display 26, a key 27, an embedded CPU 28, a human-computer interface 29 and a measuring end wireless communication module.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.