阅读说明：本技术 一种煤粉浓度流量测量装置及方法 (Device and method for measuring concentration and flow of pulverized coal ) 是由 宋宇飞 朱宁 包永强 于 2019-09-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种煤粉浓度流量测量装置及方法,主要是基于当前较为前沿的嵌入式ARM Cortex-M7系列芯片,根据火力发电对煤粉测量的实际需求,使用“交流双频矩形波励磁环状复合式静电离子感应”传感器测量煤粉的流量、浓度和颗粒大小。本系统大致分为传感器数据采集端、嵌入式接收端和上位机数据分析端三部分。嵌入式设备通过RS-485总线接收传感器信号,通过以太网将数据传输到上位机,电脑端使用上位机接收数据并显示,实现对锅炉风粉的在线调平,提高锅炉运行的安全性和经济性。最后,保存所有数据到当前目录,以便后期观察,也可用于以后机器学习的数据来源。(The invention discloses a pulverized coal concentration flow measuring device and a pulverized coal concentration flow measuring method, which are mainly based on the current advanced embedded ARM Cortex-M7 series chip, and are used for measuring the flow, the concentration and the particle size of pulverized coal by using an alternating current dual-frequency rectangular wave excitation annular composite electrostatic ion induction sensor according to the actual requirement of thermal power generation on pulverized coal measurement. The system is roughly divided into a sensor data acquisition end, an embedded receiving end and an upper computer data analysis end. The embedded device receives a sensor signal through an RS-485 bus, transmits data to an upper computer through an Ethernet, and the computer end uses the upper computer to receive and display the data, so that the on-line leveling of the boiler air and dust is realized, and the safety and the economical efficiency of the boiler operation are improved. Finally, all data is saved to the current directory for later observation, and also can be used as a data source for later machine learning.)

1. A pulverized coal concentration flow measuring device is characterized in that: the device comprises a sensor data acquisition end, an embedded receiving end and an upper computer data analysis end; the data collected by the sensor is transmitted to the embedded data receiving end through the RS-485 bus by the sensor data collecting end, the received data is firstly stored by the embedded data receiving end and then transmitted to the PC end upper computer through the Ethernet interface, the upper computer end analyzes the original data and then displays the data of concentration, flow, particle size, cross section and pulverized coal quantity, calculates the current pulverized coal quantity and displays the current pulverized coal quantity on the broken line graph.

2. The pulverized coal concentration flow rate measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sensor data acquisition end comprises a sensor HPS-3100, the embedded receiving end comprises a microprocessor STM32F767IGT6, an external SRAMW9825G6KH, an Ethernet chip LAN8720A and an Ethernet interface socket RJ 45; the sensor HPS-3100 transmits the acquired data to an embedded receiving end through a 485 bus; the external SRAM is connected with the microprocessor through an FSMC address bus and a data bus; the data is transmitted between the ethernet chip LAN8720A and the microprocessor through the RMII interface, and the data is transmitted between the ethernet chip LAN and the ethernet interface socket RJ45 through two pairs of transmitting and receiving differential lines.

3. The pulverized coal concentration flow rate measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the embedded receiving end and the PC are connected through RJ45 interfaces by using a network cable, the embedded receiving end and the PC are in data transmission communication by using the Ethernet, the PC upper computer is compiled based on Qt, the upper computer software has the functions of displaying concentration, flow, particle size, cross section and pulverized coal quantity data, and simultaneously can draw a line graph of pulverized coal throughput variation so as to be convenient for professional operators to analyze and adjust the pulverized coal intake and air proportion.

4. The measurement method of the pulverized coal concentration flow rate measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: initializing a sensor data acquisition end, and detecting whether data transmitted by a 485 bus interface of the data acquisition end is correct or not; if the data starts to be transmitted and the transmission is correct, entering the step 2; otherwise, returning to the step 1;

step 2: after the embedded receiving end starts working, the 485 communication bus starts to be initialized, the 485 communication bus is configured to be in a receiving mode and DMA is started, and an STM32F767IGT6 microprocessor chip detects whether the 485 bus is initialized successfully: if the initialization is successful, entering step 3; otherwise, printing error, returning to step 2;

and step 3: after the embedded receiving end starts working, the external SRAM starts to be initialized, a corresponding memory buffer area is distributed in the external SRAM, and an STM32F767IGT6 microprocessor detects a distributed memory return code: if the code is the correct code, entering step 4; otherwise, printing error, returning to step 3;

and 4, step 4: memory allocation return allocation success code indicating that buffers that are available for use were successfully allocated, followed by initialization of the UCOSIII operating system, STM32F767IGT6 microprocessor chip detects the operating system kernel initialization return code: if the code is a success code, entering step 5; otherwise, ending the operation of the embedded program and throwing the exception;

and 5: the microprocessor receives the ucossi initialization success code and then determines whether the RMII interface of LAN8720A was successfully configured: if the configuration is successful, entering step 6; otherwise, returning to the step 5;

step 6: the RMII interface is successfully configured, which indicates that the Ethernet of the embedded receiving end is successfully initialized, then the upper computer is started, the IP address, the port number and the subnet mask information of the server end of the upper computer are configured, the corresponding port is intercepted, and whether the interception of the server end of the upper computer is successful or not is checked: if the monitoring is successful, entering step 7; otherwise, returning to the step 6, and continuously trying to monitor by the upper computer server side until the monitoring is successful;

and 7: the upper computer server side is successfully intercepted, which means that the embedded lower computer can be allowed to connect, at this time, an embedded receiving end, namely an IP address, a subnet mask and gateway information of a TCP client side, needs to be configured, a port number corresponding to the server is selected for TCP connection, and then whether the TCP client side is successfully connected is checked: if the connection is successful, entering step 8; otherwise, continuously and repeatedly trying to connect to the upper computer server, and returning to the step 7;

and 8: the TCP client is initialized successfully, the STM32F767IGT6 microprocessor starts a 485 bus DMA controller for DMA transmission, and one-time DMA data transmission is waited to be completed to the buffer area; if the DMA transfers the valid data, entering step 9; otherwise, returning to the step 8 to wait for the completion of the DMA transmission;

and step 9: the microprocessor receives DMA interruption, which indicates that the DMA buffer is full, the buffer needs to be processed for the next valid data transmission, the MCU writes the content in the current full buffer into the corresponding idle area of the external SRAM, and the step 10 is entered;

step 10: the UCOSIII Ethernet sends a task to judge whether the next position of the external SRAM buffer area has data: if the data is valid, taking out the corresponding position data in the FIFO buffer area, repackaging the data in the buffer area, converting the data into a format of packaged data which is obtained by the embedded end and the upper computer end in advance and storing the packaged data in a newly-opened temporary buffer area, then additionally displaying the valid data in the current buffer area on an LCD by the MCU, circularly transmitting the data in the buffer area to the upper computer server through an Ethernet transmission interface, and entering the step 11;

step 11: the embedded end transmits the acquired data to the PC through a network cable, the connection condition of the client of the upper computer end needs to be checked, after the embedded client is successfully connected, a plurality of items of data related to the pulverized coal, such as concentration, flow, particle size, cross section, pulverized coal amount and the like, are transmitted to the upper computer, at the moment, the upper computer end analyzes the data from an original data packet and displays the data in a corresponding area of an interface, and meanwhile, a line graph of pulverized coal throughput change is calculated and drawn and is also displayed above the interface.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring the concentration and the flow of pulverized coal, belonging to the technical field of industrial pulverized coal concentration and flow measurement.

Background

The current society must not leave electric energy, but the main source of electricity is thermal power generation. The thermal power generation needs to consume a large amount of coal, and how to improve the utilization rate of the coal is very critical. The complete combustion of coal needs to control the entering proportion of coal dust and air, and how to measure the entering amount of the coal dust becomes a key problem. In order to make coal burn more fully, the contact area between coal and air needs to be increased, and the method for grinding coal powder into powder is the best method. In the traditional thermal power generation, the weight of pulverized coal is measured by a belt scale to obtain the coal feeding amount of the current boiler, but certain errors exist in the method. After the pulverized coal is mixed with air by the air blower, the pulverized coal cannot uniformly enter the boiler, and the coal feeding amount at the current moment cannot be accurately measured.

In recent years, with the development of digital sensor technology, sensors such as HPS-3100 appear, and the HPS-3100 can better and stably work in severe industrial production and the like by using 485 bus communication with strong anti-interference capability, does not need to generate data analysis errors due to error codes, can simultaneously use 4 sensors to be connected with embedded equipment, and is favorable for exerting the strong performance of an embedded system. The novel sensor HPS-3100 can realize the non-contact measurement of the concentration flow of the pulverized coal, and can wirelessly transmit data to a monitoring end to record the data by being connected with a microcontroller, so that the requirement of industrial automation is met, and the realization of the industrial automation is facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a pulverized coal concentration flow measuring device and a pulverized coal concentration flow measuring method, which can be applied to a pulverized coal concentration flow measuring technology in a factory or boiler equipment.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a pulverized coal concentration flow measuring device comprises a sensor data acquisition end, an embedded receiving end and an upper computer data analysis end. The data collected by the sensor is transmitted to the embedded data receiving end through the RS-485 bus by the sensor data collecting end, the received data is firstly stored by the embedded data receiving end and then transmitted to the PC end upper computer through the Ethernet interface, the upper computer end analyzes the original data and then displays the data such as concentration, flow, particle size, cross section, coal dust amount and the like, calculates the current coal dust amount and displays the current coal dust amount on the broken line graph.

The sensor data acquisition end comprises a sensor HPS-3100, and the embedded receiving end comprises a microprocessor STM32F767IGT6, an external SRAM W9825G6KH, an Ethernet chip LAN8720A and an Ethernet interface socket RJ 45. The sensor HPS-3100 transmits the acquired data to an embedded receiving end through a 485 bus; the external SRAM is connected with the microprocessor through an FSMC address bus and a data bus; the Ethernet chip and the microprocessor transmit data through an RMII interface, and the Ethernet chip and the Ethernet interface socket transmit data through two pairs of sending and receiving differential lines.

The embedded receiving end and the PC are connected through RJ45 interfaces by using network cables, and the embedded receiving end and the PC are communicated by using Ethernet for data transmission. The PC upper computer is compiled based on Qt, the upper computer software has the function of displaying data such as concentration, flow, particle size, cross section, pulverized coal quantity and the like, and meanwhile, a line graph of pulverized coal throughput change can be drawn, so that professional operators can analyze the line graph and adjust the ratio of pulverized coal intake to air.

The invention also discloses a measuring method of the pulverized coal concentration flow measuring device, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: initializing a sensor data acquisition end, and detecting whether data transmitted by a 485 bus interface of the data acquisition end is correct or not; if the data starts to be transmitted and the transmission is correct, entering the step 2; otherwise, returning to the step 1.

Step 2: after the embedded receiving end starts working, the 485 communication bus starts to be initialized, the 485 communication bus is configured to be in a receiving mode and DMA is started, and an STM32F767IGT6 microprocessor chip detects whether the 485 bus is initialized successfully: if the initialization is successful, entering step 3; otherwise, printing is wrong, and the step 2 is returned.

And step 3: after the embedded receiving end starts working, the external SRAM starts to be initialized, a corresponding memory buffer area is distributed in the external SRAM, and an STM32F767IGT6 microprocessor detects a distributed memory return code: if the code is the correct code, entering step 4; otherwise, printing is wrong, and the step 3 is returned.

And 4, step 4: memory allocation return allocation success code indicating that buffers that are available for use were successfully allocated, followed by initialization of the UCOSIII operating system, STM32F767IGT6 microprocessor chip detects the operating system kernel initialization return code: if the code is a success code, entering step 5; otherwise, ending the running of the embedded program and throwing the exception.

And 5: the microprocessor receives the ucossi initialization success code and then determines whether the RMII interface of LAN8720A was successfully configured: if the configuration is successful, entering step 6; otherwise, return to step 5.

Step 6: the RMII interface is successfully configured, which indicates that the embedded receiving end Ethernet is successfully initialized, then the upper computer is started, information such as an IP address, a port number, a subnet mask and the like of the server end of the upper computer is configured, the corresponding port is intercepted, and whether the interception of the server end of the upper computer is successful or not is checked: if the monitoring is successful, entering step 7; otherwise, returning to step 6, the upper computer server side continuously tries interception until interception is successful.

And 7: the upper computer server side is successfully intercepted, which means that the embedded lower computer can be allowed to connect, at this time, an embedded receiving end, namely information such as an IP address, a subnet mask, a gateway and the like of a TCP client side, needs to be configured, a port number corresponding to the server is selected for TCP connection, and then whether the TCP client side is successfully connected is checked: if the connection is successful, entering step 8; otherwise, continuously and repeatedly trying to connect to the upper computer server, and returning to the step 7.

And 8: the TCP client is initialized successfully, the STM32F767IGT6 microprocessor starts a 485 bus DMA controller for DMA transmission, and one-time DMA data transmission is waited to be completed to the buffer area; if the DMA transfers the valid data, entering step 9; otherwise, returning to step 8, and waiting for the completion of the DMA transmission.

And step 9: the microprocessor receives the DMA interrupt, which indicates that the DMA buffer is full, and needs to process the buffer for the next valid data transmission, and the MCU writes the content in the currently full buffer into the corresponding idle area of the external SRAM, and then proceeds to step 10.

Step 10: the UCOSIII Ethernet sends a task to judge whether the next position of the external SRAM buffer area has data: if the data is valid, the corresponding position data in the FIFO buffer area is taken out, the data in the buffer area is encapsulated again, the data is converted into a format of encapsulated data which is obtained by the embedded end and the upper computer end in advance and is stored in a newly-opened temporary buffer area, then the MCU additionally displays the valid data in the current buffer area on the LCD, and the data in the buffer area is circularly transmitted to the upper computer server through the Ethernet transmission interface, and the step 11 is carried out.

Step 11: the embedded end transmits the acquired data to the PC through a network cable, the connection condition of the client of the upper computer end needs to be checked, after the embedded client is successfully connected, a plurality of items of data related to the pulverized coal, such as concentration, flow, particle size, cross section, pulverized coal amount and the like, are transmitted to the upper computer, at the moment, the upper computer end analyzes the data from an original data packet and displays the data in a corresponding area of an interface, and meanwhile, a line graph of pulverized coal throughput change is calculated and drawn and is also displayed above the interface.

Has the advantages that:

the invention provides a method for measuring the concentration and flow of coal powder by using an HPS-3100 sensor based on embedded equipment, aiming at the defects of large error, low speed and low measurement precision in the process of obtaining the coal feeding quantity of the current boiler by measuring the weight of the coal powder by a belt weigher in the traditional thermal power generation. Compared with the traditional belt weigher sensor, the HPS-3100 can more accurately measure the coal dust inlet amount, control the operation of the air blower, and control the ratio of the coal dust inlet amount to the air, so that the coal dust is completely combusted in the boiler, the method is efficient and environment-friendly, the complete combustion of the coal dust can improve the energy conversion efficiency, and the environmental pollution can be reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system connection of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the host computer according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The pulverized coal concentration and flow measuring device shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a sensor data acquisition end, an embedded receiving end and an upper computer data analysis end. The sensor data acquisition end firstly receives the coal dust concentration flow data acquired by the HPS-3100. After the data acquisition end of the sensor receives the data of the sensor, the data is stably transmitted to the embedded receiving end in a long distance through the 485 bus.

The embedded receiving end reads in data through a corresponding 485 bus interface, and converts 485 bus signals into signals identified by the embedded end so as to read in original data acquired by the front-end sensor. Wherein the specific receiving is accomplished by 485 configuration DMA transfer: an embedded receiving end main control chip firstly transmits original data in a 485 bus to an MCU Memory in a DMA (direct Memory access) mode, then an Ethernet sending task circularly detects whether effective position data exist in an SRAM (static random access), if the effective position data exist, the data in the first effective position of the SRAM are read and transmitted to an upper computer through a network cable through a TCP (transmission control protocol), the upper computer end analyzes an original coal dust data stream, extracts and calculates the data of concentration, flow, particle size, cross section and coal dust amount from the original coal dust data stream, the data are respectively displayed in corresponding areas of an interface, and then a line drawing graph of coal dust throughput change is drawn and displayed on the interface.

The data transmission between the 485 bus of the embedded receiving end and the MCU memory is realized by adopting a DMA double-buffer mode, and firstly, a double buffer area used by the MCU memory needs to be opened up. In double buffer mode, when the DMA controller fills one of the memory buffers, the MCU may copy or otherwise manipulate the data in the other full buffer, and so on, until a transfer is complete. The DMA is completely realized by hardware, and the MCU can run other system tasks during DMA transmission, so that the 485 bus transmission speed is increased, and the data loss caused by blocking in the transmission process is reduced.

Because the speed of DMA transmission to the internal memory is fast when the DMA is copied to the external SRAM, if the Ethernet is waited to finish the data transmission of the current buffer area and then wait for 485 bus transmission and fill the current buffer area, the transmission is blocked, thereby possibly causing the loss of the original acquired data. The FIFO is equivalent to a circular queue, the number of FIFO positions and the size of each position capable of storing data need to be set, and the queue has two pointers: one write pointer identifies the next idle position which can be written currently, one read pointer identifies the position of the current first valid data, the write pointer and the read pointer advance one bit after each operation, meanwhile, the read pointer is necessarily slower than the write pointer, otherwise, the reading fails, and the steps are repeated, so that the transmission rate can be improved to the maximum extent, and the original data amount of the embedded receiving end cache can be increased.

Because the embedded receiving end serves as a client in the system, before the embedded receiving end can transmit data to the upper computer end, the upper computer server end needs to be opened to listen to the corresponding port, as shown in the upper computer operation flow of fig. 3. After waiting for the upper computer to monitor the corresponding port successfully and the embedded receiving end is connected to the server successfully, the upper computer generates a data folder in the current folder of the software for storing the data sent by the lower computer, wherein the naming format of the file is 'year, month, day, hour, minute, second, csv', the file can be opened in the format of an Excel table, and after the lower computer sends the data, the data can be stored into the file created before.

According to fig. 2, the embedded terminal transmits the received data to the upper computer through the ethernet port, and the data transmitted through the ethernet is not original data in the external SRAM, but data related to the pulverized coal concentration is extracted from the original data and calculated according to fixed parameters, and then copied to a new buffer area packaged in sequence according to the concentration, flow rate and particle size. And after the embedded receiving end transmits the data, the upper computer can receive and analyze the data.

The data received by the embedded receiving end through the 485 bus is binary original data, and the data received by the ethernet is also byte data, so that useful data acquired by the sensor needs to be extracted from a repackaged data packet. According to the above mentioned data packet packaging format, the data in an ethernet transmission data packet is arranged according to the order of concentration, flow rate and particle size, so when extracting the original data, only the original data needs to be packaged by taking the data packet as a unit, then the data at the corresponding position in the data is extracted in each packet according to the specified data transmission order and converted into decimal data to be displayed on a screen.

The data packaged by the embedded equipment and transmitted by the Ethernet comprises concentration, flow rate and particle size, the units of the data are% m/s and g/m ^3, meanwhile, the cross section of the boiler is a fixed value, after the data is measured on actual equipment, the value is only needed to be filled in a corresponding field on an upper computer interface, the unit is m ^2, therefore, the total pulverized coal quantity can be calculated on upper computer software by multiplying the 4 parameters mentioned above, the unit is g/s, and the pulverized coal quantity can be automatically calculated and displayed on the interface after an operator fills in the value of the cross section. As shown in fig. 3, after the total amount of coal dust is calculated, the corresponding line graph of the coal dust throughput change is continuously updated, two collected values per second are displayed on the line graph, and the values are also stored in the Excel table created after the network connection of the embedded receiving terminal is successful.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.