阅读说明：本技术 一种计算odf架间走纤距离的方法和系统 (Method and system for calculating fiber running distance between ODF frames ) 是由 鲍齐权 张智 于 2019-09-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种计算ODF架间走纤距离的方法和系统,涉及光配线网络领域,该方法包括步骤：在每个光纤配线架ODF上安装节点装置,按照每个ODF的排列顺序将各节点装置级联,获取配置数据,配置数据包括每个ODF的尺寸数据；对需要跳接的两个ODF的节点装置先后启动；找到需要跳接ODF的两个节点装置之间级联的节点装置数量,根据配置数据,计算并显示需要跳接的两个ODF之间的走纤距离范围。本发明,通过对需要跳接的两个ODF的节点装置先后启动,即可计算并显示两个ODF之间的走纤距离范围,以便于施工人员选择合适规格长度的跳纤,节约走纤空间,本方法对走纤距离范围的计算过程更为简单快捷,且ODF的改造过程简单。(The invention discloses a method and a system for calculating the fiber distance between ODF frames, which relate to the field of optical distribution network, and the method comprises the following steps: installing node devices on each optical distribution frame ODF, cascading the node devices according to the arrangement sequence of each ODF, and acquiring configuration data, wherein the configuration data comprises the size data of each ODF; starting the node devices of two ODFs needing to be jumped; and finding the number of the node devices cascaded between the two node devices needing to be jumped and connected with the ODF, and calculating and displaying the fiber-running distance range between the two ODFs needing to be jumped and connected according to the configuration data. According to the invention, the fiber-running distance range between the two ODFs can be calculated and displayed by sequentially starting the node devices of the two ODFs needing to be subjected to jumper connection, so that construction personnel can conveniently select the jumper fibers with proper specification length, the fiber-running space is saved, the calculation process of the fiber-running distance range is simpler and faster, and the ODF modification process is simple.)

1. A method for calculating the fiber distance between ODF frames is characterized by comprising the following steps:

installing node devices on each optical distribution frame ODF, cascading the node devices according to the arrangement sequence of each ODF, and acquiring configuration data, wherein the configuration data comprises the size data of each ODF;

starting the node devices of two ODFs needing to be jumped; and finding the number of the node devices cascaded between the two node devices needing to be jumped and connected with the ODF, and calculating and displaying the fiber distance range between the two ODFs needing to be jumped and connected according to the configuration data.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the node device that is started later is started, the node device that is started first is found according to a cascade order, and the method specifically includes:

the node device which is started later sends a search data packet to the node device which is cascaded with the node device, and the routing stack of the search data packet comprises the ID of the node device which is started later;

the cascaded node device adds its own ID to the routing stack of the lookup packet;

judging whether the cascaded node device is a node device started first, if so, ending; if not, forwarding the search data packet with the node device ID to the next cascaded node device according to the cascade sequence, and repeating the steps until the next cascaded node device is the node device started first.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of finding the number of node devices cascaded between two node devices requiring a jumper connection ODF specifically comprises:

the node device started first generates a response data packet containing a complete routing stack from the node device started later to the node device started first, and returns the response data packet to the node device started later according to the reverse routing of the complete routing;

and the node device started later obtains the number of the node devices passing from the node device started earlier to the node device started later according to the record of the complete routing stack.

4. The method of calculating ODF inter-bay fiber running distance of claim 1, wherein: and after the node device started firstly is started, the ID of the node device is taken as an initial ID, and data packets carrying the initial ID are sent step by step according to the cascade sequence until all other node devices receive and store the initial ID.

5. The method of calculating ODF inter-bay fiber running distance according to claim 4, further comprising:

when the node device is started, whether the initial ID is stored in the node device is judged, if yes, the node device is started later, and if not, the node device is started first.

6. The method of calculating ODF inter-bay fiber running distance of claim 1, wherein: the acquiring configuration data specifically includes:

filling configuration data through RFID configuration software, and writing the configuration data into an RFID configuration card through an RFID reader-writer;

and swiping the RFID configuration card on each node device, and reading and storing the configuration data by each node device.

7. The method of calculating ODF inter-bay fiber running distance of claim 1, wherein: each node device is provided with an RFID induction module;

when the node devices of two ODFs needing to be jumped are started on site sequentially, the RFID induction modules of the node devices started first and the node devices started later are sequentially swiped through the RFID calculation card.

8. The method of calculating ODF inter-bay fiber running distance of claim 1, wherein: the configuration data also comprises Internet of things platform registration address information;

when each node device is powered on and started, the registration request data packet is sent to the Internet of things platform by reading the registration address information of the Internet of things platform.

9. The method of calculating ODF inter-bay fiber running distance of claim 8, wherein: each node device is provided with an NB-loT communication module, and the NB-loT communication module is provided with a northbound interface;

when the node devices of the two ODFs needing to be jumped are started in sequence, the northbound interfaces of the node devices which are started first and the northbound interfaces of the node devices which are started later are called in sequence through the platform of the Internet of things.

10. A system for calculating fiber travel distance between ODF frames, comprising:

the node devices are arranged on one ODF and are cascaded according to the arrangement sequence of each ODF, and the node devices are used for acquiring configuration data which comprise size data of each ODF;

the starting device is used for sequentially starting the node devices of the two ODFs needing to be subjected to jumper connection;

and after the node devices which are started later are started, the method is used for finding the number of the node devices which are cascaded between the two node devices needing to be jumped and connected with the ODF, and then calculating and displaying the fiber distance range between the two ODFs needing to be jumped and connected according to the configuration data.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of optical distribution networks, in particular to a method and a system for calculating the fiber distance between ODF frames.

Background

With the development of optical communication networks, a large number of optical Distribution frames odf (optical Distribution frame) are used in a telecommunications room. When a service is opened, it is often necessary to use an optical fiber to jump from a port in a subframe of one of the optical distribution frames ODF to a port in a subframe of another one of the optical distribution frames ODF to perform optical path connection. Due to the different positions of the ports at the two ends of the optical fiber, the required fiber running lengths are different. Under the condition that the required fiber running length is not known in advance and an auxiliary calculation tool is not available, a jumper connection operator generally selects an optical fiber as long as possible for jumper connection for the sake of safety, so that the conventional method easily causes the waste and blockage of the fiber running space in the ODF, and even under the condition that an ODF port is not used up, the fiber running space is insufficient.

In order to cooperate with fiber running during ODF jump construction, the existing auxiliary computing tools, such as a portable calculator, a construction guiding device and the like, need to perform intelligent marking transformation on frame bodies, sub frames, single disks and port resources of the ODF in advance, and then accurately calculate the shortest length of the running fiber by combining a matched network management system so as to realize the calculation process of the length of the jump fiber.

However, before the above-mentioned computing tool is used, the workload of modifying the ODF intelligent marking is large, the amount of resources to be marked is large, and the dimensional data of a plurality of components of the ODF needs to be accurately measured, which results in an excessive investment cost. The auxiliary calculation tool depends on the use of a customized APP or software and hardware system, fiber-moving space parameters of the distribution frame need to be accurately measured and recorded into the APP or software and hardware system, and the realization of the calculation modes needs a user to invest specialized people to maintain the software and hardware systems, so that the use cost is also higher. In addition, the manual interaction of the software and hardware systems is complex, and the manual intensive operation flow of the fiber jumping construction is inconvenient.

During actual fiber jumping construction, due to different understanding of direction changing, cross prevention, attractiveness and the like by constructors and habits of different construction teams, or the fact that part of fiber passing grooves and winding posts can not be used on site and the like, the fiber often needs to be bypassed during fiber passing. Even if the shortest length is accurately calculated and a vivid fiber routing animation is given, the situation that the length of the optical fiber is insufficient or various excessive coils occur still occurs.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a system for calculating the fiber running distance between ODF frames, which are simple to reform the ODF and convenient and quick in the fiber running distance calculation process.

The invention provides a method for calculating the fiber distance between ODF frames in a first aspect, which comprises the following steps:

installing node devices on each optical distribution frame ODF, cascading the node devices according to the arrangement sequence of each ODF, and acquiring configuration data, wherein the configuration data comprises the size data of each ODF;

starting the node devices of two ODFs needing to be jumped; and finding the number of the node devices cascaded between the two node devices needing to be jumped and connected with the ODF, and calculating and displaying the fiber distance range between the two ODFs needing to be jumped and connected according to the configuration data.

Based on the first aspect, in a possible embodiment, after a node device that is started later is started, a node device that is started first is found according to a cascade order, which specifically includes:

the node device which is started later sends a search data packet to the node device which is cascaded with the node device, and the routing stack of the search data packet comprises the ID of the node device which is started later;

the cascaded node device adds its own ID to the routing stack of the lookup packet;

judging whether the cascaded node device is a node device started first, if so, ending; if not, forwarding the search data packet with the node device ID to the next cascaded node device according to the cascade sequence, and repeating the steps until the next cascaded node device is the node device started first.

Based on the first aspect, in a possible embodiment, the finding of the number of node devices that need to be in tandem with an ODF specifically includes:

the node device started first generates a response data packet containing a complete routing stack from the node device started later to the node device started first, and returns the response data packet to the node device started later according to the reverse routing of the complete routing;

and the node device started later obtains the number of the node devices passing through from the node device started first to the node device started later according to the record of the complete routing stack.

Based on the first aspect, in a possible embodiment, after the node device that is started first is started, the node device uses its own ID as a start ID, and sends data packets carrying the start ID step by step according to a cascade order until all other node devices receive and store the start ID.

Based on the first aspect, in a possible embodiment, the method further includes:

when the node device is started, whether the initial ID is stored in the node device is judged, if yes, the node device is started later, and if not, the node device is started first.

Based on the first aspect, in a possible embodiment, the acquiring the configuration data specifically includes:

filling configuration data through RFID configuration software, and writing the configuration data into an RFID configuration card through an RFID reader-writer;

and swiping the RFID configuration card on each node device, and reading and storing the configuration data by each node device.

Based on the first aspect, in a possible embodiment, each node device is provided with an RFID sensing module;

when the node devices of two ODFs needing to be jumped are started on site sequentially, the RFID induction modules of the node devices started first and the node devices started later are sequentially swiped through the RFID calculation card.

Based on the first aspect, in a possible embodiment, the configuration data further includes internet of things platform registration address information;

when each node device is powered on and started, the registration request data packet is sent to the Internet of things platform by reading the registration address information of the Internet of things platform.

Based on the first aspect, in a possible embodiment, each node device is provided with an NB-loT communication module, and the NB-loT communication module is provided with a northbound interface;

when the node devices of the two ODFs needing to be jumped are started in sequence, the northbound interfaces of the node devices started firstly and the northbound interfaces of the node devices started later are called in sequence through the Internet of things platform.

The second aspect of the present invention provides a system for calculating a fiber distance between ODF frames, comprising:

the node devices are arranged on one ODF and are cascaded according to the arrangement sequence of each ODF, and the node devices are used for acquiring configuration data which comprise size data of each ODF;

the starting device is used for sequentially starting the node devices of the two ODFs needing to be subjected to jumper connection;

and after the node devices which are started later are started, the method is used for finding the number of the node devices which are cascaded between the two node devices needing to be jumped and connected with the ODF, and then calculating and displaying the fiber distance range between the two ODFs needing to be jumped and connected according to the configuration data.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) according to the method for calculating the fiber running distance between the ODFs, the fiber running distance range between the two ODFs needing to be jumped can be calculated and displayed by starting the node devices of the two ODFs in sequence, so that construction personnel can select the jumped fibers with the proper specification length conveniently, the fiber running space is saved, the calculation process of the fiber running distance range is simpler and faster compared with the accurate calculation of the shortest fiber running length, and the ODFs are simple in the improvement process.

(2) The method for calculating the fiber distance between the ODF frames has the advantages of less ODF configuration data, simple configuration data acquisition and only needing to know the integral length, width, height and depth of each ODF.

(3) According to the method for calculating the fiber distance between the ODFs, when the node devices of the two ODFs needing to be jumped are sequentially started on site, the RFID calculation cards can be used for swiping the RFID induction modules of the node devices which are started first and the node devices which are started later in sequence, and the fiber distance range between the two ODFs can be obtained, so that the jumper fibers with the proper specification length can be selected more accurately according to actual conditions; when the node devices of the two ODFs needing to be subjected to long-distance jumper connection are selected to be started successively, the fiber routing distance range between the two ODFs can be obtained by sequentially calling the northbound interfaces of the node devices which are started firstly and the node devices which are started later, and therefore the fact that a constructor goes to and fro a construction site twice is avoided.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for calculating a fiber distance between ODF frames according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a specific calculation process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic deployment diagram of a node device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a hardware block diagram of a node apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a northbound interface architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides an embodiment of a method for calculating a fiber distance between ODF frames, which includes the steps of:

s1, installing node devices on each optical distribution frame ODF, cascading the node devices according to the arrangement sequence of each ODF, and acquiring configuration data, wherein the configuration data comprises size data of each ODF.

In this embodiment, each node device may be provided with two cascade interfaces, and each node device is cascaded through a connection data line according to the order of ODFs. Wherein, the size data of each ODF specifically comprises the overall length, width, height and depth of each ODF, and does not comprise the specific size data of the parts such as the subframe and the single disc of each ODF. Therefore, the workload of data acquisition is small, and the acquisition is simple and convenient.

S2, starting the node devices of the two ODFs needing to be subjected to jumper connection successively; and finding the number of the node devices cascaded between the two node devices needing to be jumped and connected with the ODF, and then calculating and displaying the fiber distance range between the two ODFs needing to be jumped and connected according to the configuration data. The node device that is started first may be referred to as a start node device, and the node device that is started later may be referred to as a stop node device.

The method of the embodiment can calculate the length range of the jump fiber when the optical distribution network jumps. When the required fiber routing distance between any two ODFs needs to be calculated, the node devices of the two ODFs needing to be subjected to jumper connection are sequentially started, the number of the node devices cascaded between the two node devices needing to be subjected to jumper connection can be found according to the cascade relation by the aid of the later-started termination node devices, then the fiber routing distance range can be calculated according to the number of the node devices and configuration data, the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance are displayed, construction workers can conveniently select the jumper fibers with the appropriate specification length, fiber routing space is saved, compared with accurate calculation of the shortest fiber routing length, the method is simple and rapid in calculation process of the fiber routing distance range, and the ODFs are simple in modification process.

On the basis of the previous embodiment, in this embodiment, after the terminating node apparatus is started, the starting node apparatus needs to be found according to a cascade order, which specifically includes:

first, the terminating node device sends a lookup packet to its cascaded node device, and the routing stack of the lookup packet includes the ID of the terminating node device.

After receiving the search data packet, the cascaded node device adds its own ID to the routing stack of the search data packet, and then determines whether the cascaded node device is an initial node device, if so, it indicates that the cascaded node device of the terminating node device is the initial node device. If not, forwarding the search data packet with the node device ID to the next cascaded node device according to the cascade sequence, and repeating the steps until the next cascaded node device is the starting node device.

On the basis of the second embodiment, in this embodiment, in the step S2, the finding of the number of node devices that need to be cascaded between two node devices that are in a jumper connection ODF specifically includes:

first, the originating node apparatus generates a response packet including a complete routing stack from the terminating node apparatus to the originating node apparatus, and returns the response packet to the terminating node apparatus according to a reverse route of the complete route.

Then, the end node device obtains the number of node devices passed from the start node device to the end node device based on the record of the complete routing stack.

On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in this embodiment, after the start node device is started, it records that it is the start node device, and sends a data packet carrying the start ID step by step according to the cascade order with its own ID as the start ID until all other node devices receive and store the start ID, and at this time, all other node devices know the ID of the start node device.

The method of the embodiment further comprises the following steps: when a node device is started, it is first determined whether a start ID is stored in the node device. When the initial ID is not stored in the node device, judging the node device as an initial node device; when the start ID is stored in the node device, the node device is determined to be a terminating node device.

Referring to fig. 2, a specific calculation flow of this embodiment is as follows:

a1, starting a node device;

a2, judging whether the node device stores the initial ID, if yes, turning to A6, and if not, turning to A3;

a3, the node device records itself as the initial node device, and stores its ID as the initial ID;

a4, sending a data packet carrying a start ID to a cascaded node device;

and A5, the node device of the cascade receives the data packet and stores the initial ID, and judges whether the node device of the cascade has the node device of the next cascade, if yes, the node device is switched to A4, and if not, the operation is finished.

A6, the node device records itself as the termination node device and sends the search data packet to the cascaded node device;

a7, the cascaded node device puts its ID into the route stack of the search data packet;

a8, judging whether the node device is the initial node device or not by the cascaded node device, if so, turning to A10, and if not, turning to A9;

a9, forwarding the search data packet to the next cascaded node device, and turning to A7;

a10, the start node device generating a response data packet containing a complete routing stack from the end node device to the start node device, and returning the response data packet to the end node device according to the reverse routing of the complete routing;

a11, the end node device obtains the number of node devices passing from the start node device to the end node device according to the record of the complete route stack;

and A12, calculating and displaying the fiber routing distance range between the two ODFs needing the jumper connection according to the configuration data.

Referring to fig. 3, on the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, each node device is provided with a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensing module. The node apparatus specifically includes:

firstly, configuration data is filled and written through RFID configuration software, and then the configuration data is written into an RFID configuration card through an RFID reader-writer. And then swiping the RFID configuration card on the induction module of each node device, and reading and storing the configuration data by each node device.

When the configuration data are changed, new configuration data are written into the RFID configuration card through the RFID configuration software, and are obtained and stored again by each node device.

In this embodiment, when node devices of two ODFs to be jumped are started on site sequentially, a fiber jump constructor may swipe cards of RFID sensing modules of an initial node device and a termination node device in sequence by using an RFID computing card to complete the start of the node devices. And then, according to the fiber running distance range displayed by the termination node device, the jumping fibers with proper specification length are more accurately selected in combination with the actual situation.

On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in this embodiment, the configuration data further includes internet of things platform registration address information. When each node device is powered on and started, the node device is automatically connected to an operator NB-loT network, and then a registration request data packet is sent to the Internet of things platform for registration by reading the registration address information of the Internet of things platform.

In this embodiment, each node device is provided with a narrow-Band Internet of things NB-lot (narrow Band Internet of things) communication module based on a honeycomb, and the NB-loT communication module is provided with a northbound interface. The NB-loT communication module is responsible for uplink and downlink data communication between the node device and the operator Internet of things platform through a limited Application program protocol (COAP) (constrained Application protocol), so that a POST interface of the COAP protocol is externally realized as a northbound interface, and the node device has remote access capability.

After each node device finishes registration, a third-party resource system for managing fiber running construction can remotely call a northbound interface through an Application Programming Interface (API) provided by an Internet access operator Internet of things platform to remotely start the calculation of the node device. The COAP protocol is a Web-like protocol applied to the internet of things, and adopts an interface calling mode in a representational State transfer (rest) style.

Specifically, when node devices of two ODFs to be jumped are started remotely, the third-party resource system sequentially calls northbound interfaces of the start node device and the end node device through the internet of things platform to complete the starting of the node devices. After the termination node device completes calculation, the result is fed back to the resource system through the Internet of things platform, and therefore fiber skipping of a proper specification can be selected according to the fiber moving distance range before the fiber moving constructor reaches the machine room, and the constructor is prevented from surveying the construction site twice.

The invention also provides an embodiment of a system for calculating the fiber distance between the ODF frames, which comprises a starting device and a plurality of node devices.

Each node device is arranged on one ODF and cascaded according to the arrangement sequence of each ODF, and the node devices are used for acquiring configuration data which comprises size data of each ODF.

The starting device is used for starting the node devices of the two ODFs needing to be jumped.

After the termination node device is started, the number of the node devices cascaded between the two node devices needing to be jumped over the ODF is found, and then the fiber distance range between the two ODFs needing to be jumped over is calculated and displayed according to configuration data.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, the node device includes a calculation processing module 21, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Display module 22, an RFID sensing module 23, an NB-loT communication module 24, a data storage module 25, a power supply module 26, and a cascade interface module 27. The RFID sensing module 23 and the LCD display module 22 are disposed on a panel of the node device. The calculation processing module 21 may be an MCU (micro controller Unit), and the data storage module 25 may be a ROM (Read-Only Memory).

The power module 26 is used for supplying power to the cascade interface module 27, the RFID sensing module 23, the data storage module 25, the NB-loT communication module 24, the LCD display module 22 and the calculation processing module 21.

The cascade interface module 27 is configured to cascade the node device and an adjacent node device through a connection data line according to the order of the ODFs. The connection data line can realize communication and power supply between the node devices.

The RFID sensing module 23 is used to obtain configuration data and provide human-computer interaction. When the RFID configuration card swipes over the RFID sensing module 23 of each node device, the RFID sensing module 23 receives the configuration data. When the RFID computing card swipes the card on the RFID sensing module 23 of the node device, the RFID sensing module 23 receives the start information.

The data storage module 25 is configured to store the configuration data received by the RFID sensing module 23, and is further configured to store the start ID obtained by the cascade interface module 27.

The NB-loT communication module 24 is provided with a northbound interface. When the node device is powered on and started, the NB-loT communication module 24 is configured to send a registration request packet to the internet of things platform to perform online registration of the node device. When the third-party resource system calls the northbound interface of the node device through the internet of things platform, the NB-loT communication module 24 receives the start information.

The LCD display module 22 is used for displaying the calculation result. Specifically, when the node device is an activated termination node device, the LCD display module 22 displays the maximum length and the minimum length of the run fiber between the two ODFs.

The calculation processing module 21 is respectively connected with the cascade interface module 27, the RFID sensing module 23, the data storage module 25, the NB-loT communication module 24, the LCD display module 22 and the power supply module 26.

The calculation processing module 21 is configured to implement communication with the cascaded node devices through the cascade interface module 27; when receiving the start information fed back by the RFID sensing module 23 or the NB-loT communication module 24, the calculation processing module 21 is further configured to perform corresponding calculation processing.

The corresponding calculation process includes: whether the started node device is a start node device or a stop node device is determined based on whether the start ID is stored in the data storage module 25.

And when the node device is judged to be the initial node device, sending the data packet carrying the initial ID step by step according to the cascade sequence until all other node devices receive and store the initial ID.

When the node device is judged to be the termination node device, the fiber routing distance range is calculated and displayed through the LCD display module 22 or fed back to the resource system through the NB-loT communication module 24.

When the node device is powered on and started, the calculation processing module 21 is further configured to read registration address information of the internet of things platform from the data storage module 25, and then send a registration request data packet to the internet of things platform through the NB-Iot communication module to complete an online registration process from the node device to the internet of things platform.

The existing calculation method can obtain the accurate length of the jump fiber, but when the constructor actually selects the length of the jump fiber, the length of the jump fiber between two ports does not need to be accurate, and the actually used length of the jump fiber is selected to be close to a fixed specification length according to the calculated length. The fixed specification length of the jump fiber is 3m, 5m, 8m, 10m and the like. Therefore, it is not very significant to accurately calculate the length of the jump fiber between two ports.

Compared with a tool for accurately calculating the fiber routing distance, the system of the embodiment can obtain an optional range of the fiber routing distance, maintenance and management of an additional software and hardware system are not needed after the node devices are deployed, the node devices can be automatically interconnected and intercommunicated, and networking is facilitated. When the device is used, only one RFID calculation card needs to be carried to obtain the fiber distance range in the field, or the fiber distance range is obtained in advance through the existing resource system, an additional hardware device or special operating software APP does not need to be carried, and complicated parameter input is also not needed, so that the influence on the fiber jumping construction flow is small.

The system of the embodiment of the invention is suitable for the methods, the fiber routing distance range between the two ODFs can be calculated and displayed by starting the node devices of the two ODFs needing to be jumped, and the calculation process is simple and rapid.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.