Fire model and fire simulation method for lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station
阅读说明：本技术 一种磷酸铁锂储能电站火灾模型及火灾模拟方法 (Fire model and fire simulation method for lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station ) 是由 马青山 郭鹏宇 陈刚 王铭民 姚效刚 吴静云 钱磊 侍成 王庭华 郑金平 王智睿 于 2019-08-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于新能源磷酸铁锂储能电站消防领域,具体涉及一种磷酸铁锂储能电站火灾模型及火灾模拟方法,包括电池模组预制舱；电池模组框架,内置于电池模组预制舱中；电池模组,内置于电池模组框架中；过充设备,位于电池模组预制舱外,连接于电池模组；短路设备,位于电池模组预制舱外,连接于电池模组；其中,电池模组有1个或5个及5个以上,并且所有电池模组均为充满电状态；定义1个电池模组为模组级电池模组；定义5个及5个以上的电池模组为簇级电池模组；其中,模组级电池模组直接置于电池模组框架中；簇级电池模组中5个电池模组呈十字型布设,其余电池模组任意布设。本申请的火灾模型及火灾模拟方法均能真实有效模拟储能电站发生火灾时的真实工况。(The invention belongs to the field of fire protection of new energy lithium iron phosphate energy storage power stations, and particularly relates to a fire model and a fire simulation method of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station, which comprise a battery module prefabricated cabin; the battery module frame is arranged in the battery module prefabricated cabin; the battery module is arranged in the battery module frame; the overcharging equipment is positioned outside the prefabricated cabin of the battery module and is connected with the battery module; the short-circuit equipment is positioned outside the prefabricated cabin of the battery module and is connected with the battery module; wherein, the number of the battery modules is 1 or 5 or more than 5, and all the battery modules are in a full charge state; defining 1 battery module as a module-level battery module; defining 5 and more than 5 battery modules as cluster-level battery modules; wherein, the module level battery module is directly arranged in the battery module frame; 5 battery modules in the cluster-level battery modules are arranged in a cross shape, and the rest battery modules are randomly arranged. The fire model and the fire simulation method can truly and effectively simulate the real working condition of the energy storage power station when a fire disaster occurs.)
1. A fire model of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station is characterized by comprising
The battery module prefabricated cabin is used for carrying out a fire simulation experiment;
the battery module frame is arranged in the battery module prefabricated cabin;
the battery module is arranged in the battery module frame;
the overcharge equipment is positioned outside the prefabricated cabin of the battery module, is connected with the battery module and promotes the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station to generate a fire disaster in an overcharge mode;
the short-circuit equipment is positioned outside the prefabricated cabin of the battery module, is connected with the battery module and promotes the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station to generate a fire disaster in a short-circuit mode;
wherein, the number of the battery modules is 1 or 5 or more than 5, and all the battery modules are in a full charge state; defining 1 battery module as a module-level battery module; defining 5 and more than 5 battery modules as cluster-level battery modules;
when the fire disaster model is used for the module-level battery module, the module-level battery module is directly arranged in the battery module frame, and the overcharge equipment or the short-circuit equipment is directly connected with the battery module;
when the fire disaster model is used for the cluster-level battery modules, 5 battery modules in the cluster-level battery modules are arranged in a cross shape, and the rest battery modules are randomly arranged; the overcharging equipment or the short-circuit equipment is directly connected with the battery modules at the center of the cluster-level battery modules which are distributed in a cross shape.
2. The fire model of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station of claim 1, wherein the prefabricated cabin of the battery module is provided with a pressure relief opening at the upper part of the surface opposite to the frame of the battery module.
3. The fire model of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station of claim 1, wherein the prefabricated cabin of the battery module is provided with an observation window on a surface opposite to the frame of the battery module, and the observation window is positioned corresponding to the battery module in the frame of the battery module.
4. The fire model of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station of claim 1, wherein the battery module prefabricated cabin is provided with a plurality of gas detectors on one side where the battery module frame is placed.
5. The fire model of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station of claim 1, wherein a plurality of explosion-proof lamps are uniformly distributed on the top of the prefabricated cabin of the battery module.
6. The fire model of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station of claim 1, wherein the battery module prefabricated cabin is provided with a plurality of common cameras above a surface opposite to the battery module frame, the common cameras are uniformly arranged, and a straight line shooting range of the common cameras positioned in the middle section corresponds to the battery module; the battery module prefabricated cabin is still equipped with a high definition digtal camera and an infrared camera in the top of the relative one side with battery module frame, and a high definition digtal camera all corresponds to the battery module with an infrared camera's sharp shooting scope.
7. The fire model of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station of claim 1, wherein the battery module frame can be used for placing only one battery module in the horizontal direction of the battery module prefabricated cabin and can be used for placing a plurality of battery modules in the height direction; namely, when the frame is used for a module-level battery module, a battery module frame is adopted; when the battery module frame is used for a cluster-level battery module, at least three battery module frames are adopted and arranged in parallel.
8. A fire simulation method based on the fire model of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station of any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting an external power supply, and continuously charging the battery module by the power supply through overcharging equipment until the battery module is out of control due to heat and is burnt in case of fire; or the power supply adopts short-circuit equipment to enable the battery module to generate thermal runaway until the battery module is ignited and burnt;
a temperature and gas monitoring system is arranged, is connected with the thermocouple and the gas detector and is used for monitoring and acquiring temperature data, gas concentration data and the change rule of the temperature and the gas;
and a monitoring area is arranged and used for acquiring image information monitored by a common camera, a high-definition camera and an infrared camera, acquiring data information processed by a temperature and gas monitoring system and displaying related information.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fire protection of new energy lithium iron phosphate energy storage power stations, and particularly relates to a fire model and a fire simulation method of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station.
Background
The lithium iron phosphate battery has the advantages of high energy density, high output voltage, long cycle life, small environmental pollution and the like, and is widely used in various electronic equipment, electric automobiles and electrochemical energy storage. The accumulated loading capacity of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station is steadily increased, the loading capacity exceeds 2000MW by 2020, the annual growth rate is close to 70%, once a fire disaster occurs, the reliability and safety of power supply are seriously damaged, and the social influence and harm are great. At present, no fire extinguishing method capable of effectively extinguishing fire disasters of the battery prefabricated cabin of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station exists in the world, and a large number of internal and external energy storage power station battery prefabricated cabin fire disasters are proved well.
At present, no fire model capable of reflecting the entity fire of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station exists in domestic and foreign research and experiment institutions. The effectiveness of the fire extinguishing system is verified only by using the single battery fire as a fire model, which is unreasonable and has great hidden danger, and the main problems are as follows:
1) and does not reflect the actual fire size. Because the energy storage power station is little then by several prefabricated cabins of battery constitution, and is big then by dozens of prefabricated cabins of battery constitution, and installs several hundreds of battery modules in every prefabricated cabin of battery, every battery module contains dozens battery cells, according to the Battery Management System (BMS) control principle in prefabricated cabin of battery, dozens battery modules form a cluster. In case of fire, a battery module level fire, even a cluster level fire or a whole battery prefabricated compartment fire may occur. The fire scale is much larger than that of a single battery. Therefore, the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing system cannot be verified by the single battery fire model.
2) The real propagation process of the thermal runaway of the lithium battery cannot be reflected. If only one single battery exists, the problem of thermal runaway propagation does not exist; in practice, dozens of single batteries are put together to form a battery module, and dozens of battery modules form a cluster. If a single battery is out of control, the thermal runaway of the whole battery module can be propagated, and then the thermal runaway is propagated among the battery modules, so that the thermal runaway of a cluster is caused, and finally the thermal runaway of the whole prefabricated cabin is caused. Therefore, the single battery fire model cannot verify the performance of the fire extinguishing system for inhibiting thermal runaway due to cooling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fire model and a fire simulation method for a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station, which can truly and effectively simulate the real working condition of the energy storage power station when a fire breaks out.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is that the fire disaster model of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station comprises
The battery module prefabricated cabin is used for carrying out a fire simulation experiment;
the battery module frame is arranged in the battery module prefabricated cabin;
the battery module is arranged in the battery module frame;
the overcharge equipment is positioned outside the prefabricated cabin of the battery module, is connected with the battery module and promotes the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station to generate a fire disaster in an overcharge mode;
the short-circuit equipment is positioned outside the prefabricated cabin of the battery module, is connected with the battery module and promotes the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station to generate a fire disaster in a short-circuit mode;
wherein, the number of the battery modules is 1 or 5 or more than 5, and all the battery modules are in a full charge state; defining 1 battery module as a module-level battery module; defining 5 and more than 5 battery modules as cluster-level battery modules;
when the fire disaster model is used for the module-level battery module, the module-level battery module is directly arranged in the battery module frame, and the overcharge equipment or the short-circuit equipment is directly connected with the battery module;
when the fire disaster model is used for the cluster-level battery modules, 5 battery modules in the cluster-level battery modules are arranged in a cross shape, and the rest battery modules are randomly arranged; the overcharging equipment or the short-circuit equipment is directly connected with the battery modules at the center of the cluster-level battery modules which are distributed in a cross shape.
As the improved technical scheme of the application, the upper part of the battery module prefabricated cabin on the surface opposite to the battery module frame is provided with the pressure relief port.
As the improved technical scheme of this application, the prefabricated cabin of battery module is equipped with the observation window on the one side relative with the battery module frame, and the position of observation window corresponds to the battery module in the battery module frame.
As the technical scheme of this application improvement, the prefabricated cabin of battery module is equipped with a plurality of gas detector in the one side of placing the battery module frame.
As the improved technical scheme of the application, a plurality of explosion-proof lamps are uniformly distributed at the top of the prefabricated cabin of the battery module.
According to the technical scheme, a plurality of common cameras are arranged above one surface, opposite to a battery module frame, of the battery module prefabricated cabin, the common cameras are uniformly distributed, and the straight line shooting range of the common cameras located in the middle section corresponds to the battery module; the battery module prefabricated cabin is still equipped with a high definition digtal camera and an infrared camera in the top of the relative one side with battery module frame, and a high definition digtal camera all corresponds to the battery module with an infrared camera's sharp shooting scope.
As an improved technical scheme of the application, the battery module frame can only be used for placing one battery module in the horizontal direction of the battery module prefabricated cabin, and can be used for placing a plurality of battery modules in the height direction; namely, when the frame is used for a module-level battery module, a battery module frame is adopted; when the battery module frame is used for a cluster-level battery module, at least three battery module frames are adopted and arranged in parallel.
Another objective of the present application is to provide a fire simulation method for a fire model of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station, which includes the following steps:
setting an external power supply, and continuously charging the battery module by the power supply through overcharging equipment until the battery module is out of control due to heat and is burnt in case of fire; or the power supply adopts short-circuit equipment to enable the battery module to generate thermal runaway until the battery module is ignited and burnt;
a temperature and gas monitoring system is arranged, is connected with the thermocouple and the gas detector and is used for monitoring and acquiring temperature data, gas concentration data and the change rule of the temperature and the gas;
and a monitoring area is arranged and used for acquiring image information monitored by a common camera, a high-definition camera and an infrared camera, acquiring data information processed by a temperature and gas monitoring system and displaying related information.
Advantageous effects
The fire model created by the invention can fully reflect the real working condition of the fire of the battery prefabricated cabin of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station, and provides powerful guarantee for verifying the effectiveness of various fire extinguishing systems in extinguishing the fire of the battery prefabricated cabin of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station. The fire disaster model of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station in the prior art can not fully reflect the real working condition of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station when the fire disaster occurs, so that the serious problem that whether the fire extinguishing system is effective or not on the fire disaster of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station can not be effectively verified is solved.
In conclusion, the fire model provides technical support for researching fire fighting products and standard specifications of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station, and also provides technical support for fire fighting safety of the power industry in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a fire model for a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station under a single battery module;
FIG. 2 shows a fire model of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station under 5 battery modules;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for testing a fire model according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a battery module prefabricating cabin; 2. prefabricating a cabin door; 3. a battery module; 4. a battery module frame; 5. a gas detector; 6. an explosion-proof lamp; 7. an observation window; 8. a pressure relief port; 9. a common camera; 10. an infrared camera; 11. a high-definition camera; 12. a short-circuiting device; 13. an overcharge device; 14. a power source; 15. a monitoring area; 16. temperature, gas monitoring system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
As shown in figures 1-2, a fire model of a lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station comprises
The battery
The
The
The battery module frame can only be used for placing one battery module in the horizontal direction of the battery module prefabricated cabin, and can be used for placing a plurality of battery modules in the height direction; namely, when the frame is used for a module-level battery module, a battery module frame is adopted; when the battery module frame is used for a cluster-level battery module, at least three battery module frames are adopted and arranged in parallel.
The battery module prefabricated
The battery module prefabricated
The prefabricated cabin of
The top surface of the battery module prefabricated
A plurality of
In order to ensure the authenticity of the simulation, the battery module prefabricated
The battery module prefabricating cabin is characterized by further comprising overcharging
A fire simulation method for a module-level battery fire model comprises the following steps: setting an external power supply, and continuously charging the single battery module by the power supply through overcharging equipment until the battery module is out of control due to heat and is burnt in case of fire; or the power supply adopts short-circuit equipment to enable the battery module to generate thermal runaway until the battery module is ignited and burnt;
setting a temperature and gas monitoring system for acquiring monitored data information of the gas detector;
a
A fire simulation method for a cluster-level battery fire model comprises the following steps: setting an external power supply, and continuously charging the plurality of battery modules by the power supply through overcharging equipment until the battery modules are out of control due to heat and are burnt in case of fire; or the power supply adopts short-circuit equipment to enable the middle battery module in the cross structure in the plurality of battery modules to generate thermal runaway until the battery modules are ignited and burnt;
a temperature and gas monitoring system is arranged, is connected with the thermocouple and the gas detector and is used for monitoring and acquiring temperature data, gas concentration data and the change rule of the temperature and the gas;
a
When verifying whether effective fire extinguishing test is carried out on lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station conflagration to fire extinguishing system, the conflagration model that can embody lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station entity conflagration needs. Through research and a large number of experiments, a fire model capable of reflecting the entity fire of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station is determined.
One group of a large number of examples adopts constant current of 0.5C (172A) to carry out overcharge for 16min, safety valves on the single batteries are opened sequentially, electrolyte, various combustible gases and solid particles are sprayed out, wherein the content of H2 can be detected, dense smoke appears after 22min, open fire appears after 27min, the strong combustion is carried out, and the combustion time lasts for 1H.
In conclusion, the serious problem that the fire disaster of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station cannot be effectively verified due to the fact that the real working condition of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station cannot be fully reflected by the existing fire disaster model of the lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station when the fire disaster occurs is solved.
The above are merely embodiments of the present invention, which are described in detail and with particularity, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the present invention.
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