阅读说明：本技术 一种高温超导电机 (High-temperature superconducting motor ) 是由 高关中 张映明 刘忠奇 冯雪晴 张腾 于 2019-11-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高温超导电机,包括沿其径向至外向内依次设置的电机壳体、定子和转子,所述定子设有定子绕组,所述转子设有超导磁块；所述定子开设有沿其轴向延伸的导线孔,所述导线孔内设有用以通电向所述超导磁块充磁的超导线材；所述电机壳体密封,所述电机壳体的两端设有与其配合密封的端盖；所述电机壳体内部通有用以维持所述超导线材和所述超导磁块处于超导临界温度的冷却介质,所述定子和所述转子浸没于所述冷却介质中。上述高温超导电机突破了超导线材动态通电的制约,提高了超导磁块充磁的便利性和可靠性。(The invention discloses a high-temperature superconducting motor, which comprises a motor shell, a stator and a rotor which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside along the radial direction of the motor, wherein the stator is provided with a stator winding, and the rotor is provided with a superconducting magnetic block; the stator is provided with a wire hole extending along the axial direction of the stator, and a superconducting wire rod used for electrifying to magnetize the superconducting magnet block is arranged in the wire hole; the motor shell is sealed, and end covers matched with the motor shell for sealing are arranged at two ends of the motor shell; a cooling medium for maintaining the superconducting wire and the superconducting magnet at a superconducting critical temperature is communicated with the interior of the motor shell, and the stator and the rotor are immersed in the cooling medium. The high-temperature superconducting motor breaks through the restriction of dynamic energization of the superconducting wire, and improves the convenience and reliability of the magnetizing of the superconducting magnetic block.)

1. A high-temperature superconducting motor comprises a motor shell (1), a stator (2) and a rotor (3) which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside along the radial direction of the motor, wherein the stator (2) is provided with a stator winding (22), and the rotor (3) is provided with a superconducting magnetic block (32); it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the stator (2) is provided with a wire hole (4) extending along the axial direction of the stator, and a superconducting wire (41) used for electrifying to magnetize the superconducting magnetic block (32) is arranged in the wire hole (4); the motor shell (1) is sealed, and end covers (9) matched and sealed with the motor shell (1) are arranged at two ends of the motor shell (1); a cooling medium for maintaining the superconducting wire (41) and the superconducting magnet (32) at a superconducting critical temperature is communicated with the interior of the motor shell (1), and the stator (2) and the rotor (3) are immersed in the cooling medium.

2. A high temperature superconducting electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the end cap (9) is provided with a cooling medium inlet (5) and a cooling medium outlet (6), the cooling medium inlet (5) and the cooling medium outlet (6) being arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the end cap (9).

3. A hts machine according to claim 2, characterized in that a first insulation layer (7) is provided between the end cover (9) and the machine housing (1), the first insulation layer (7) being arranged parallel to the end cover (9), and a second insulation layer (8) being provided between the stator (2) and the machine housing (1).

4. A hts machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the junction of the first (7) and second (8) insulation layers is provided with cooperating step flanges.

5. A high temperature superconducting electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the number of groups of wire guides (4) is the same as the number of poles of the high temperature superconducting electrical machine, and all groups of wire guides (4) are arranged uniformly in the circumferential direction of the stator (2).

6. A HTS machine according to claim 5, characterized in that said rotor (3) comprises a rotor core (31), said superconducting magnetic blocks (32) being arranged in conformity with the outer surface of said rotor core (31), all said superconducting magnetic blocks (32) being arranged uniformly along the outer surface of said rotor core (31).

7. A high-temperature superconducting motor according to claim 5, wherein the rotor (3) comprises a rotor core (31), the superconducting magnetic blocks (32) are embedded inside the rotor core (31), and all the superconducting magnetic blocks (32) are uniformly arranged along the inner circumference of the rotor core (31).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of superconducting motors, in particular to a high-temperature superconducting motor.

Background

High-temperature superconducting motors are known in the prior art, and the motors are greatly reduced in size by utilizing the ultra-large current carrying capacity of superconducting wires at critical temperature and the ultra-strong magnetic flux intensity of the superconducting magnet blocks after being magnetized. Of course, the "high temperature" is relative to absolute zero, and the actual temperature is still lower than the superconducting critical temperature of the superconducting wire and the superconducting magnet. To ensure stable operation of the superconducting wire and the superconducting magnet, it is necessary to continuously operate in a critical temperature environment. The superconducting magnetic block and the superconducting wire are both positioned on the rotor, the rotor is integrally sealed and isolated from the stator, and is cooled by a cold medium, and the superconducting wire needs to be electrified with external voltage through a collecting ring electric brush for magnetizing. Even in a non-magnetizing state, the superconducting coil and the collecting ring electric brush still rotate relatively, the rotating connection part needs to be sealed relative to a cold medium, the superconducting wire is abraded relative to the collecting ring electric brush in a motor running state, and the magnetizing reliability is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-temperature superconducting motor, which breaks through the limitation of dynamic magnetization of a superconducting magnetic block and improves the convenience and reliability of magnetization.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a high temperature superconducting motor, which comprises a motor housing, a stator and a rotor, which are sequentially arranged from the radial direction to the outside to the inside, wherein the stator is provided with a stator winding, and the rotor is provided with a superconducting magnetic block;

the stator is provided with a wire hole extending along the axial direction of the stator, and a superconducting wire rod used for electrifying to magnetize the superconducting magnet block is arranged in the wire hole; the motor shell is sealed, and end covers matched with the motor shell for sealing are arranged at two ends of the motor shell; a cooling medium for maintaining the superconducting wire and the superconducting magnet at a superconducting critical temperature is communicated with the interior of the motor shell, and the stator and the rotor are immersed in the cooling medium.

Optionally, the end cap is provided with a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet, which are symmetrically arranged about the center of the end cap.

Optionally, a first heat insulation layer is arranged between the end cover and the motor housing, the first heat insulation layer is arranged in parallel with the end cover, and a second heat insulation layer is arranged between the stator and the motor housing.

Optionally, a joint of the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer is provided with a mutually matched step flange.

Optionally, the number of the groups of the wire guides is the same as the number of poles of the high-temperature superconducting motor, and all the groups of the wire guides are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator.

Optionally, the rotor includes rotor core, the laminating of superconductive magnetic block the surface setting of rotor core, all superconductive magnetic block is followed rotor core's surface is evenly set up.

Optionally, the rotor includes a rotor core, the superconducting magnetic blocks are embedded inside the rotor core, and all the superconducting magnetic blocks are uniformly arranged along the inner periphery of the rotor core.

Compared with the background art, the high-temperature superconducting motor provided by the invention has the advantages that the wire holes are formed along the axial direction of the stator, the superconducting wire is arranged in the stator, the rotating electrification and the magnetization of the superconducting wire are avoided, the abrasion of the superconducting wire relative to the slip ring electric brush is reduced, and the reliability of the magnetization of the superconducting magnetic block arranged in the rotor is improved. In order to maintain the superconducting critical temperature of the superconducting wire and the superconducting magnet, the motor shell is a sealed shell, a space for containing a cooling medium is formed by matching with the end cover, the cooling medium is introduced into the motor shell, and the stator and the rotor are not arranged in the cooling medium in the shell. Because the superconducting wire is arranged in the stator, abrasion caused by rotation power supply of the superconducting wire and motor operation in a non-magnetizing state is avoided, the magnetizing reliability is improved, and the superconducting wire can be magnetized in the motor operation state. The high-temperature superconducting motor can meet the sealing requirement of the high-temperature superconducting motor by adopting a static sealing structure (relative to the sealing in a rotating state) except for a motor bearing chamber.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is an axial sectional view of a high temperature superconducting motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a radial cross-sectional view of a high temperature superconducting electrical machine provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a stator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a stator provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a rotor provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of a rotor according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein:

the motor comprises a motor shell 1, a stator 2, a stator 21, a stator core 22, a stator winding 23, a stator slot 3, a rotor 31, a rotor core 32, a superconducting magnet block 4, a wire hole 41, a superconducting wire rod 5, a cooling medium inlet 6, a cooling medium outlet 6, a first heat insulation layer 7, a second heat insulation layer 8 and an end cover 9.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1 to 6, fig. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a high-temperature superconducting motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is a radial cross-sectional view of the high-temperature superconducting motor according to the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a stator according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic view of a stator according to another embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 is a schematic view of a rotor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 6 is a schematic view of a rotor according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The invention provides a high-temperature superconducting motor, which comprises a motor shell 1, a stator 2 and a rotor 3. The relative positions of the motor housing 1, the stator 2 and the rotor 3 are the same as in a conventional motor, i.e. arranged in the radial direction of the motor from the outside to the inside. The difference is that the rotor 3 is provided with superconducting magnetic blocks 32 to replace the conventional rotor winding or permanent magnet, the stator 2 is provided with wire holes 4 extending along the axial direction of the stator, and superconducting wires 41 are arranged in the wire holes 4. In order to maintain the superconducting wires 41 and the superconducting magnet blocks 32 at the critical temperature, the motor housing 1 adopts a sealed housing, and forms a sealed space by matching with the end cover 9, a cooling medium is introduced into the motor housing 1, so that the space between the stator 2 and the rotor 3 is not filled with the cooling medium, and the superconducting wires 41 and the superconducting magnet blocks 32 are cooled to maintain the temperature of the superconducting wires 41 and the superconducting magnet blocks below the superconducting critical temperature. Compared with the superconducting wire 41 and the superconducting magnet block 32 which are arranged in the rotor 3, the rotating power supply of the superconducting wire 41 needs to be overcome, the abrasion of the superconducting wire 41 relative to a slip ring brush under the motor running state of a non-magnetizing state is avoided, and the magnetizing reliability is improved.

The high-temperature superconducting motor provided by the invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In the embodiment provided by the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the high temperature superconducting motor is arranged, and the wire holes 4 for installing the superconducting wires 41 are arranged at the yoke portion of the stator 2, and extend from the yoke portion of the stator to the other end of the stator 2 along the axial direction of the stator 2, and the wire holes 4 are generally uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the yoke portion of the stator, so that when the superconducting wires 41 are energized, a symmetrical and relatively uniform super-strong magnetic field is formed in the rotor 3, and the superconducting magnetic blocks 32 arranged in the rotor 3 are uniformly magnetized. Generally, the number of groups of wire guides 4 is equal to the number of poles of the high-temperature superconducting machine, i.e. twice the number of pole pairs.

The plurality of groups of wire holes 4 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the stator 2, when the number of pole pairs of the high-temperature superconducting motor is 2, the wire holes 4 are four groups, the four groups of wire holes 4 are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees, the superconducting magnetic blocks 32 are correspondingly four, and two pairs of magnetic poles are formed after magnetization. A group of wire guides 4 may typically comprise two adjacently arranged wire guides 4. Because the superconducting wire 41 and the superconducting magnet block 32 of the superconducting motor provided by the invention are respectively arranged in the stator 2 and the rotor 3, the distance between the superconducting magnet block 32 and the superconducting wire 41 is increased, and the intensity of the induced magnetic field generated by the superconducting wire 41 for magnetizing the superconducting magnet block 32 is stronger. The instantaneous current and the current change rate of the superconducting wire 41 are larger than those of the conventional magnetizing method, the magnetizing current usually reaches hundreds of amperes to thousands of amperes, the magnetizing time, namely the duration time of the magnetizing current, is several milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds, and the magnitude and the duration time of the current are specifically determined according to the model and the power of the high-temperature superconducting motor.

The increase in current in superconducting wire 41 increases the requirement for insulation, and in order to satisfy the insulation of superconducting wire 41 with respect to stator 2, an insulation layer is usually added in wire guide 4 in addition to the insulation of superconducting wire 41 itself. The insulating layer may be an insulating varnish brushed on the inner wall of the wire guide 4, or may be a plastic or resin insulating sleeve nested in the wire guide 4, the diameter of the wire guide 4 being twice as large as the thickness of the insulating sleeve when the second insulation setting is used.

In order to maintain the superconducting critical temperature of the superconducting wire 41 and the superconducting magnet 32, the motor housing 1 is a cylindrical sealed housing; the end covers 9 are arranged at two ends of the motor shell 1, the end covers 9 are matched with the motor shell 1 to form a sealed space for accommodating a cooling medium, and the superconducting wire 41 in the stator 2 and the superconducting magnet 32 in the rotor 3 are maintained to be below the superconducting critical temperature by introducing the cooling medium into the motor shell 1, so that the superconducting states of the two are maintained. The cooling medium may be liquid nitrogen or liquid helium, and the temperature of the cooling medium (lower than the temperature) depends on the materials of the superconducting wire 41 and the superconducting magnet 32, and the superconducting critical temperatures corresponding to different materials are different.

In order to maintain the temperature of the cooling medium, the cooling medium substantially circulates in the motor housing 1, and it is necessary to provide a cooling medium inlet 5 and a cooling medium outlet 6, inject the low-temperature cooling medium into the motor housing 1 through the cooling medium inlet 5, and discharge the cooling medium whose temperature has been raised by circulation from the cooling medium outlet 6.

The cooling medium inlet 5 and the cooling medium outlet 6 can be arranged on the side wall of the motor shell 1 and also on the end cover 9; the two end covers 9 may be provided on the same end cover 9, or may be provided on two end covers 9 at two ends of the motor housing 1, respectively. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the cooling medium inlet 5 and the cooling medium outlet 6 are provided on the same end cap 9, and are symmetrically arranged about the center of the end cap 9. The motor shaft is provided with a rotary sealing structure at the position where the motor shaft penetrates out of the end cover 9, the end face of the inner side, through which the motor shaft penetrates out, of the end cover 9 is provided with a circular groove, the rotary sealing structure is arranged in the circular groove, and the rotary sealing structure can be arranged by referring to the existing superconducting motor.

In order to maintain the temperature of the cooling medium, in addition to the circulation of the cooling medium through the cooling medium inlet 5 and the cooling medium outlet 6, since the temperature of the cooling medium is much lower than the ambient temperature, the heat absorption of the cooling medium from the external environment is also taken into account. Therefore, the heat insulation layer is specially arranged to slow down the heat absorption of the cooling medium, and the heat insulation layer specifically comprises a disc-shaped first heat insulation layer 7 which is arranged between the end cover 9 and the motor shell 1 and is attached to the end cover 9 in parallel, and a sleeve-shaped second heat insulation layer 8 which is sleeved between the stator and the motor shell 1. The connecting part of the first heat insulation layer 7 and the second heat insulation layer 8 is provided with mutually matched step flanges which can be in one step or in multiple steps, and the sealing of the connecting part can be ensured. The sealing of the connection can also be realized by adopting mutually meshed tooth structures. At this time, the cooling medium is actually in the first and second heat insulating layers 7 and 8.

Further, the outer surface of the motor shell 1 can be coated with an insulating layer, and the heat-insulating layer and the insulating layer are made of conventional heat-insulating materials and are not unfolded.

In one embodiment, the stator 2 is constructed as shown in fig. 3, and includes a stator core 21, wherein the inner wall of the stator core 21 is provided with teeth uniformly formed along the circumferential direction thereof, a stator slot 23 is formed between adjacent teeth for winding a stator winding 22, and a yoke portion of the stator 2 is provided with a wire guide hole 4 for passing a superconducting wire 41. In another embodiment, the stator 2 may adopt an air stator core 21 as shown in fig. 4, the inner wall of the stator core 21 is not provided with stator slots 23, and the stator winding 22 fixes the stator winding 22 along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the stator 2 through spacers arranged at intervals.

The present invention also provides two rotor structures as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, taking a high temperature superconducting motor with a number of pole pairs of 2 as an example, the superconducting magnet blocks 32 are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the rotor core 31 or embedded on the inner circumference of the rotor core 31, and act as rotor windings by magnetizing the superconducting magnet blocks 32. No matter what arrangement direction the superconducting magnet blocks 32 are arranged, the superconducting magnet blocks 32 need to be uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 31. Of course, when superconducting magnet blocks 32 are arranged differently, the diameters of corresponding rotor cores 31 are also different.

When the high-temperature superconducting motor is magnetized, an external magnetizing circuit needs to be connected with the superconducting wires 41 at first, and not only can all groups of superconducting wires 41 be connected at the same time by arranging a plurality of groups of magnetizing circuits, but also different groups of superconducting wires 41 can be connected in sequence by adopting a group of magnetizing circuits, and the superconducting magnets 32 in the rotor 3 are magnetized step by step.

After the magnetizing circuit is connected to the superconducting wire 41, it is necessary to inject a cooling medium into the cooling passage and between the stator 2 and the rotor 3 through the medium injection port, and then inject a magnetizing current after detecting that the internal temperatures of the superconducting wire 41 and the rotor 3 are equal to or lower than the corresponding superconducting critical temperature.

Secondly, the magnetizing time of the appropriate magnetizing current, i.e. the duration of the magnetizing current, needs to be set. The strength of the induction magnetic field required to be generated by the superconducting wire 41 is searched or calculated according to the power of the high-temperature superconducting motor, the magnetic field strength to be achieved of the superconducting magnetic block 32 and the distance between the superconducting magnetic block 32 and the superconducting wire 41, and then the appropriate magnetizing current and magnetizing time are set according to the strength of the induction magnetic field.

And finally, performing power on-off operation on the superconducting wire 41 according to the preset magnetizing current and the magnetizing time. In addition, the magnetizing circuit can also be directly connected with the three phases of the stator winding 22, and magnetizing current is introduced through the stator winding 22 to generate an induction magnetic field so as to magnetize the superconducting magnet blocks 32 arranged in the rotor 3. When magnetizing current (direct current) is directly introduced into the stator winding 22, the magnetizing current of the phase A is I, and the magnetizing currents of the phase B and the phase C are minus I/2, so that the magnetizing currents of the phase B and the phase C are opposite in direction. The magnetizing current when only the three-phase magnetizing current passing through the stator winding 22 is magnetized is smaller than the magnetizing current passing through only the superconducting wire 41 to maintain the insulation between phases.

The high-temperature superconducting motor provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.