阅读说明：本技术 一种用于减少电力电子设备中的共模电流的方法 (Method for reducing common mode current in power electronic equipment ) 是由 安德烈亚斯·多克塔尔 于 2019-06-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及用于降低电力电子设备中的共模电流的方法,该电力电子设备包括并联联接在交流电网(2)和直流链路(3)之间的两个或更多有源前端(AFE)部件(1)。确定用于有源前端部件(1)的脉宽调制(PWM)的占空比,并基于有源前端部件(1)的确定的脉宽调制的占空比和共模电流导出误差信号。基于误差信号导出校正电压,并基于导出的校正电压和测量的直流链路(3)的直流电压和/或直流参考电压来导出直流电压控制信号。根据导出的直流电压控制信号控制电力电子设备。本发明还涉及用于启动电力电子设备的有源前端(AFE)部件(1)的方法,该电力电子设备包括在交流电网(2)和直流链路(3)之间并联联接的两个或更多有源前端部件(1)。(The invention relates to a method for reducing common-mode currents in a power electronic device comprising two or more Active Front End (AFE) components (1) coupled in parallel between an alternating current grid (2) and a direct current link (3). A duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for the active front-end component (1) is determined, and an error signal is derived based on the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation and the common mode current of the active front-end component (1). A correction voltage is derived based on the error signal and a dc voltage control signal is derived based on the derived correction voltage and the measured dc voltage of the dc-link (3) and/or the dc reference voltage. And controlling the power electronic equipment according to the derived direct-current voltage control signal. The invention also relates to a method for starting up an Active Front End (AFE) section (1) of a power electronic device comprising two or more active front end sections (1) coupled in parallel between an alternating current grid (2) and a direct current link (3).)

1. A method for reducing common-mode currents in a power electronic device comprising two or more Active Front End (AFE) components (1) coupled in parallel between an alternating current grid (2) and a direct current link (3), the method comprising the steps of:

determining a duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for the active front-end component (1),

an error signal is derived from the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation and the common mode current of the active front-end components (1),

a correction voltage is derived based on the error signal,

deriving a DC voltage control signal based on the derived correction voltage and the measured DC voltage of the DC link (3) and/or a DC reference voltage, an

The power electronics are controlled in accordance with the derived direct voltage control signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein,

the step of deriving the error signal is based on a common mode current of the active front-end components (1).

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

a step of measuring the common mode current of the active front-end components (1).

4. The method of claim 3, wherein,

the step of deriving the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation based on the common mode current comprises:

the common-mode current is filtered by means of one or more filters (29, 30).

5. The method of any one of the preceding claims,

the step of deriving the dc voltage control signal comprises:

adding (28) the derived correction voltage and the measured direct voltage of the direct current link (3) and/or the direct reference voltage.

6. The method of any one of the preceding claims,

the step of deriving the correction voltage comprises:

the error signal is fed to an integral controller (27).

7. The method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising the step of:

identifying the active front-end component (1) in a stopped state,

determining the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the active front-end section (1) already in operation,

the control period of the active front-end section (1) in the inactive state is adjusted according to the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation, and

-starting the active front-end component (1) in a stopped state, and-operating said active front-end component (1) in accordance with the derived adjustment of the control period.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein,

the step of deriving an adjustment to the control period comprises:

an error signal is derived based on the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein,

the step of deriving an adjustment to the control period further comprises:

the error signal is fed to a proportional (P) controller (45) or a Proportional Integral (PI) controller.

10. The method of any one of claims 8 to 9,

the step of determining the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of an already active front-end section (1) comprises:

the duration of the on-time of an active front-end component (1) that has been operational is determined.

11. A non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with a computer program for reducing common mode current in a power electronic device comprising two or more Active Front End (AFE) components (1) coupled in parallel between an ac grid (2) and a dc link (3), the computer program comprising computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processor to perform the functions of:

determining a duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for the active front-end component (1),

an error signal is derived from the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation and the common mode current of the active front-end components (1),

a correction voltage is derived based on the error signal,

deriving a DC voltage control signal based on the derived correction voltage and the measured DC voltage of the DC link (3) and/or a DC reference voltage, an

The power electronics are controlled in accordance with the derived direct voltage control signal.

12. A method for starting up an Active Front End (AFE) section (1) of a power electronic device comprising two or more active front end sections (1) coupled in parallel between an alternating current grid (2) and a direct current link (3), the method comprising the steps of:

-activating a first active front-end component (1),

determining a duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) of the first active front-end component (1),

the control period of the active front-end section (1) in the inactive state is adjusted according to the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation, and

-starting the active front-end component (1) in a stopped state, and-operating said active front-end component (1) in accordance with the derived adjustment of the control period.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein,

the step of deriving an adjustment to the control period comprises:

an error signal is derived based on the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein,

the step of deriving an adjustment to the control period further comprises:

the error signal is fed to a proportional (P) controller (45) or a Proportional Integral (PI) controller.

15. The method of any one of claims 12 to 14,

the step of determining the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the first active front-end section (1) comprises:

the duration of the on-time of the first active front-end component (1) is determined.

16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, further comprising the step of:

the active front-end components (1) in a stopped state are sequentially started up and the active front-end components (1) being started up are controlled based on the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the active front-end components (1) already running.

17. A non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with a computer program for starting up an Active Front End (AFE) section (1) of a power electronic device comprising two or more active front end sections (1) coupled in parallel between an ac grid (2) and a dc link (3), the computer program comprising computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processor to perform the functions of:

-activating a first active front-end component (1),

determining a duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) of the first active front-end component (1),

the control period of the active front-end section (1) in the inactive state is adjusted according to the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation, and

-starting the active front-end component (1) in a stopped state, and-operating said active front-end component (1) in accordance with the derived adjustment of the control period.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to common mode current reduction, and in particular to the reduction of common mode current in power electronic devices comprising two or more Active Front End (AFE) components.

Background

Active front-end converters are power electronics for power electronic systems.

Such active front-end converters utilize power semiconductor devices controlled by signal electronics and subsequently by filter circuits. Furthermore, the active front-end converter allows bidirectional power exchange between the ac voltage source and the dc link. Active front-end converters may also be coupled in parallel, but in order to do so, a parallel control method is required.

Previously, parallel control methods of parallel active front-end converters connected to the same ac voltage source and the same dc link have been applied. The method adjusts the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) period length to minimize the circulating common mode current, which effectively synchronizes the triangular pulse width modulated carrier. According to the method, a parallel connection of active front-end converters without the need for interconnecting control systems is provided. Better scalability can be achieved by omitting the interconnection of the control systems, but making load balancing more challenging.

The use of modern low inductance magnetic components (e.g., powder cores) in combination with faster switching power supply electronics can reduce common mode inductance. Therefore, any error in the dc voltage feedback will result in a much larger common mode current compared to design solutions with low switching times and high filter inductance. A higher common mode current will result in higher losses in the converter and thus the efficiency of the active front end converter will be reduced. Therefore, a new method is needed to reduce these common mode currents to improve the efficiency of the active front end converter.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of embodiments of the invention to provide a method for reducing common mode currents in power electronic devices, wherein noise originating from dc voltage errors is reduced.

It is a further object of embodiments of the invention to provide a method for reducing common mode current in a power electronic device, wherein the efficiency of the device is increased.

According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for reducing common mode current in a power electronic device comprising two or more Active Front End (AFE) components coupled in parallel between an ac electrical network and a dc link, the method comprising the steps of:

a duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal for the active front-end components is determined,

an error signal is derived based on the determined pulse width modulated duty cycle and the common mode current of the active front end components,

a correction voltage is derived based on the error signal,

deriving a DC voltage control signal based on the derived correction voltage and the measured DC voltage of the DC link and/or a DC reference voltage, an

The power electronics are controlled in accordance with the derived direct voltage control signal.

Accordingly, a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for reducing common mode current in a power electronic device. The power electronics device is a power electronics device that includes two or more Active Front End (AFE) components. In this context, the term "Active Front End (AFE)" should be interpreted to mean a power electronic component, such as a converter, that includes a self-commutated pulse rectifier having a regenerative feedback device that includes an IGBT module.

Two or more active front end components are coupled in parallel between an ac grid and a dc link. In this context, the term "ac grid" should be interpreted to mean a power source supplying ac power, such as a power grid. In this context, the term "dc link" should be interpreted to mean a connection point of one or more electrical components requiring a dc power supply. One electrical component may be, for example, an electric motor, such as a compressor, connected to the dc link through an inverter.

Thus, the active front-end components are connected to the ac grid and the dc link, respectively. Thus, the active front-end components are able to convert the ac power of the grid to dc power at the dc link.

In the method according to the first aspect of the invention, the duty cycle of the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for the active front-end components is first determined. In this context, the term "duty cycle of the pulse width modulation" should be interpreted to mean the ratio between the on-time and the off-time of the pulse width modulation of the active front-end components. Thus, during this step, the modulation for the active front-end components is determined. It should be noted that the active front-end components will typically be modulated in the same way, i.e. the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation is typically the same for all active front-end components.

The duty cycle of the pulse width modulation may be obtained from a controller controlling the pulse width modulation of the active front end components. Alternatively, the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation may be derived from other available information, such as switching time and control period.

Next, an error signal is derived based on the determined pulse width modulated duty cycle and the common mode current of the active front end components. The common mode current may be obtained, for example, by direct measurement. For example, the error signal may be derived by multiplying the common-mode current of the active front-end components with a zero sequence of the pulse width modulated duty cycle or a value representing the pulse width modulated duty cycle. For example, the common mode current may be multiplied by an offset value of the pulse width modulated duty cycle rather than by the actual duty cycle of the pulse width modulation. This may be relevant, for example, in case the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation varies between positive values, for example between 0 and 1. In this case it may be desirable to multiply the common mode current by the value of the duty cycle with sign alternating behavior, so a value of 0.5 may be subtracted from the zero sequence of the pulse width modulated duty cycle before the pulse width modulated duty cycle is multiplied by the common mode current. The error signal derived in this way is proportional to the dc voltage error. The derived error signal therefore represents an undesired dc voltage error.

Next, a correction voltage is derived based on the error signal. This may include passing the error signal through a low pass filter to remove high frequency components of the signal and/or introduce gain. Since the correction voltage is derived based on the error signal, and since the error signal is proportional to the dc voltage error, the correction voltage depends on the dc voltage error. The correction voltage may thus represent a required correction of the present dc voltage of the active front-end components in order to eliminate or at least reduce undesired dc voltage errors.

Next, a dc voltage control signal is derived based on the derived correction voltage and the measured dc voltage of the dc link and/or the dc reference voltage. Since the dc voltage control signal is derived based on the correction voltage, the dc voltage control signal also depends on an undesired dc voltage error. In case the direct voltage control signal is derived based on the measured direct voltage, the direct voltage control signal represents a correction value of the measured direct voltage.

In the case where the direct-current voltage control signal is derived based on the direct-current reference voltage, the direct-current voltage control signal represents a correction value of the direct-current reference voltage.

In any case, the dc voltage control signal represents a corrected dc voltage, and the correction depends on an undesired dc voltage error.

Finally, the power electronic device is controlled according to the derived direct-current voltage control signal. Since the direct voltage control signal represents a direct voltage that has been corrected by a correction voltage that depends on an undesired direct voltage error, the power electronics are controlled in a manner that takes into account the undesired direct voltage error. The power electronics are thus controlled in such a way that undesired dc voltage errors are eliminated or at least reduced.

The step of deriving the error signal may be based on a common mode current of the active front end components at the peak of the modulated carrier. According to this embodiment, the common mode current at the peak of the modulated carrier, i.e. the common mode current at which the pulse width modulation peaks, is used as a basis for deriving the error signal. Thereby ensuring that the derived error signal takes into account the worst case scenario.

Alternatively, the common mode current at another time in the pulse width modulation period may be used.

The method may further comprise the step of measuring a common mode current of the active front-end components. According to this embodiment, the common mode current is directly obtained by measurement. This is a simple way of obtaining an accurate value of the common mode current.

Alternatively, the common mode current may be derived from another parameter, such as a measured common mode voltage.

The step of determining a duty cycle for pulse width modulation of the active front-end component may comprise deriving the duty cycle for pulse width modulation based on the common mode current.

Alternatively, the step of determining the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation may be derived in any other suitable way, e.g. based on the common mode voltage.

The step of deriving the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation based on the common mode current may further comprise filtering the common mode current by means of one or more filters. According to this embodiment, filtering, i.e. removing unwanted parts of the signal originating from e.g. noise or other sources, is used to filter the common mode current to obtain a smooth signal characteristic. The filter may be in the form of a digital filter, such as a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter, or an analog filter in the form of a low pass filter, or a combination of both.

The step of deriving the dc voltage control signal may comprise adding the derived correction voltage and the measured dc voltage of the dc link and/or the dc reference voltage. According to this embodiment, the dc voltage control signal is a measured dc voltage of the dc-link and/or a dc reference voltage, the measured dc voltage of the dc-link and/or the dc reference voltage having a derived correction voltage applied thereto. The dc voltage control signal is thus only the measured dc voltage of the dc link and/or the dc reference voltage corrected by the correction voltage. The correction voltage may thus represent a required value in order to correct the present dc voltage of the active front-end components, thereby eliminating or at least reducing undesired dc voltage errors.

Alternatively, the dc voltage control signal may be derived in any other suitable manner.

The step of deriving the correction voltage may comprise feeding an error signal to the integral controller. The integral controller provides an output rate of change determined based on the magnitude of the error and an integration constant. Thus, according to this embodiment, the accumulated error signal is taken into account when deriving the correction voltage.

Alternatively or additionally, the error signal may pass through one or more filters, such as analog or digital filters or a combination of both, for example, before being fed to the integral controller. Another possibility is to extend the integral controller with a proportional integral controller (PI).

The method may further comprise the steps of:

the active front-end components in the inactive state are identified,

the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the active front-end section already in operation is determined,

adjusting the control period of the active front-end section in the inactive state in accordance with the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation, and

the active front-end component is started in a stopped state and operated according to the derived adjustment of the control period.

According to this embodiment, the at least one active front-end component is in a deactivated state, i.e. the at least one active front-end component is not operational. However, at least one other active front-end component is running. The active front-end components are first identified as being in a stopped state.

The duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the active front-end components that have been operated is then determined. Thereby obtaining a modulation of the active front-end components already in operation.

Next, an adjustment of the control period of the active front-end section in the inactive state is derived based on the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the active front-end section already in operation. The adjusted control period is thus dependent on the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the already active front-end section, which is active, so that the control period of the active front-end section in the inactive state will be synchronized with the already active front-end section.

Finally, the active front-end component in the inactive state is started and operated according to the derived adjustment to the control period. Thus, it is ensured that the active front-end components that are started up operate in a synchronized manner with the operation of active front-end components that are already running.

If the active front-end components that are started up are not synchronized with the active front-end components that are already running, there is a risk that an undesired transient occurs in the common-mode current immediately after the active front-end components are started up. It is therefore an advantage of this embodiment of the invention that it ensures that the active front-end components that are started up are synchronized with active front-end components that are already running, thereby reducing misalignment. Reducing misalignment before start-up results in lower transients and reduces the likelihood of tripping.

In case there are two or more active front-end components in a stopped state, the above process may be repeated for each active front-end component in a stopped state, thereby sequentially starting these active front-end components while ensuring that the started active front-end components are synchronized with the already running active front-end components.

The step of deriving an adjustment to the control period may comprise deriving an error signal based on the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation. The error signal may be filtered to remove any high frequency content or any unwanted noise before being fed to the proportional controller.

Alternatively or additionally, the error signal may pass through one or more filters, such as analog or digital filters or a combination of both, for example, before being fed to the proportional controller.

The step of deriving an adjustment to the control period may further comprise feeding the error signal to a proportional (P) controller or a Proportional Integral (PI) controller. The error signal may be fed to the P/PI controller. The output of the P/PI controller is the switching time, which is added to the control period of the modulator. Further, the error signal may be fed to a filter, such as a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter, before being fed to the P/PI controller.

The step of determining the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the already active front-end section may comprise determining the duration of the on-time of the already active front-end section. The duty cycle is the ratio of the on time and the off time, and therefore can be easily derived from the duration of the on time.

According to a first aspect of the invention, there is also provided a non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with a computer program for reducing common mode current in a power electronic device comprising two or more Active Front End (AFE) components (1) coupled in parallel between an ac electrical network (2) and a dc link (3), the computer program comprising computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processor to perform the following functions:

determining a duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for the active front-end component (1),

an error signal is derived from the determined pulse width modulated duty cycle and the common mode current of the active front-end components (1),

a correction voltage is derived based on the error signal,

deriving a DC voltage control signal based on the derived correction voltage and the measured DC voltage of the DC link (3) and/or a DC reference voltage, an

The power electronics are controlled in accordance with the derived direct voltage control signal.

According to the first aspect of the invention, a new computer program product is also provided. The computer program product comprises a non-volatile computer-readable medium, such as a compact disc "CD", encoded with a computer program according to the invention.

According to a second aspect, the invention provides a method for starting up an Active Front End (AFE) component of a power electronic device comprising two or more active front end components coupled in parallel between an ac grid and a dc link, the method comprising the steps of:

the first active front-end component is activated,

determining a duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) of the first active front-end component,

adjusting the control period of the active front-end section in the inactive state in accordance with the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation, and

the active front-end component is started in a stopped state and operated according to the derived adjustment of the control period.

It should be noted that the skilled person will readily recognise that any feature described in connection with the first aspect of the invention may also be combined with the second aspect of the invention and vice versa.

In the method according to the second aspect of the invention, the active front-end components are initially both in a stopped state, i.e. they are not operational. When it is desired to start the active front-end components, the first active front-end component is started while the other active front-end components remain in a stopped state.

The duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the first active front-end section is then determined, for example, in the manner described above with reference to the first aspect of the invention.

Next, an adjustment to the control period of the active front-end section in the inactive state is derived based on the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the first active front-end section. This has been described above with reference to the first aspect of the invention.

Finally, the active front-end component in the inactive state is started and operated according to the derived adjustment to the control period. This has been described above with reference to the first aspect of the invention.

The step of deriving an adjustment to the control period may comprise deriving an error signal based on the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation. This has been described in detail above.

The step of deriving an adjustment to the control period may further comprise feeding the error signal to a proportional (P) controller or a Proportional Integral (PI) controller. This has been described in detail above.

The step of determining the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the first active front-end section may comprise determining the duration of the on-time of the first active front-end section. This has been described in detail above.

The method may further comprise the steps of: the active front-end components that are in a deactivated state are sequentially activated, and the active front-end components that are being activated are controlled based on the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation of the active front-end components that have been active. Thus, by repeating the above steps, the active front-end components can be activated one at a time until all active front-end components have been activated. Thereby ensuring that all active front-end components will eventually be synchronized.

According to the present invention, there is also provided a non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with a computer program for starting up an Active Front End (AFE) section (1) of a power electronic device comprising two or more active front end sections (1) coupled in parallel between an ac grid (2) and a dc link (3), the computer program comprising computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processor to perform the following functions:

-activating a first active front-end component (1),

determining a duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) of the first active front-end component (1),

the control period of the active front-end section (1) in the inactive state is adjusted according to the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation, and

-starting the active front-end component (1) in a stopped state, and-operating said active front-end component (1) in accordance with the derived adjustment of the control period.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a new computer program product is also provided. The computer program product comprises a non-volatile computer-readable medium, such as a compact disc "CD", encoded with a computer program according to the invention.

Various exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of the invention are described in the appended dependent claims.

The exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of this invention, both as to organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood from the following description of specific exemplary embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.

The verbs "comprise" and "comprise" are used herein as open-ended limitations that neither exclude nor require the presence of unrecited features. The features recited in the dependent claims may be freely combined with each other, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that the use of "a" or "an" herein, i.e., the singular, does not exclude the plural.

Drawings

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating controlled parallel active front-end components according to one embodiment of the present invention,

figure 2 is a graph of common mode current derived from pulse width modulated carrier misalignment and dc voltage error in parallel active front end components controlled according to prior art methods,

figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating a prior art control method for reducing common mode current resulting from carrier misalignment,

figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating a method according to an embodiment of the present invention,

figure 5 is a graph of common mode current resulting from pulse width modulated carrier misalignment and dc voltage error in parallel active front end components controlled in accordance with a method of an embodiment of the present invention,

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a method according to another embodiment of the invention, an

Fig. 7 is a graph of common mode current in parallel active front end components controlled according to a method of an embodiment of the invention during start-up.

Detailed Description

The specific examples provided in the following description should not be construed as limiting the scope and/or applicability of the appended claims. The lists and sets of examples provided in the following description are not exhaustive unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of active front-end components 1, wherein four active front-end components are shown, coupled in parallel between an ac grid 2 and a dc link 3. The active front-end component 1 is in the form of a converter. Each active front-end component is coupled to the ac grid 2 via a filter 4 and a second inductance 7, the filter 4 comprising a first inductance 5 and a capacitance 6. Furthermore, each active front-end component 1 can be connected to the ac power grid 2 and disconnected from the ac power grid 2 by means of a switch 8. This will be described in further detail below.

Due to the fast variations of voltage and current within the switching converter, the active front-end section 1 is a source of noise together with other components and its own operation. One type of noise is common mode current through inductors, cables, bus bars, etc., which is measured along a normal power connection. One way to reduce such noise on the power line is to design a filter, such as filter 4 in fig. 1, that can take such noise into account. These stray capacitances exist between various system components and ground. For safety reasons, most power electronics have grounded cabinets. Thus, the noise present on the ground will contribute most to the total mode current. In addition, pulse width modulation carrier misalignment and dc voltage measurement errors also affect the common mode current.

The pulse width modulated carrier misalignment is caused by the lack of centralized control which changes the position of the pulse width modulated carrier of the respective active front end components 1. The pulse width modulated carriers start with random phases with respect to each other. The phase shift indicates in real time the position of a point on the pulse width modulated carrier. Misalignment in the pulse width modulated carrier will cause the generated common mode voltage to be produced at different phase angles. This will cause a common mode current to flow. Thus, the total mode current generated may vary accordingly.

The dc voltage measurement error is the error between the measured voltages between the two active front-end components 1. For dc voltage measurement errors, it can be assumed that the errors are specific to a particular production unit due to component tolerances.

Fig. 2 is a graph of common mode current derived from pulse width modulated carrier misalignment and dc voltage error in parallel active front end components controlled according to prior art methods. The active front-end component may be, for example, the active front-end component 1 shown in fig. 1. Two different modulation schemes are shown, namely Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) in the four left- hand graphs 9, 11, 13, 15 and discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM1) in the four right- hand graphs 10, 12, 14, 16. All graphs of fig. 2 show the common mode current as a function of time at one period of the fundamental frequency.

Graphs 9 and 10 show the common mode current resulting from pulse width modulated carrier misalignment for a pulse width modulated carrier misalignment of 90 °.

Graphs 11 and 12 show common mode current resulting from pulse width modulated carrier misalignment for a pulse width modulated carrier misalignment of 180 °.

As can be seen from graphs 9, 10, 11 and 12, the pulse width modulated carrier misalignment results in a common mode current with a high frequency. It can further be seen from the graphs 9, 10, 11 and 12 that the frequency and amplitude of the common mode current for a pulse width modulated carrier misalignment of 180 ° are higher than the frequency and amplitude of the common mode current for a pulse width modulated carrier misalignment of 90 °.

Graphs 13 and 14 show the common mode current resulting from a dc voltage error of 1%. It can be seen that the dc voltage error results in a common mode current having a low frequency and having a substantially triangular character.

Graphs 15 and 16 show the total common mode current resulting from a 90 ° pwm carrier misalignment and a 1% dc voltage error. It can be seen that the total mode current includes a high frequency component arising from pulse width modulated carrier misalignment and a low frequency component arising from dc voltage error.

The graphs of fig. 2 all show the prior art case where no attempt is made to reduce common mode current resulting from pulse width modulated carrier misalignment or dc voltage error.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a prior art control method for reducing common mode current resulting from pulse width modulation carrier misalignment. The method is used for using a common-mode current i_cm、pkSynchronizing a plurality of pulse width modulated carriers, the common mode current i_cm、pkIs calculated from the three-phase current sampled at the peak of the pulse width modulated carrier.

The value of TopFlag is supplied to summing point 17. The value of TopFlag is a variable that is assumed to be 1 (true) when the pulse width modulated carrier is in a so-called top update, and 0 (false) when the pulse width modulated carrier is in a bottom update. 0.5 is subtracted from the value of TopFlag at summing point 17 to obtain a sign-alternating behavior. The derived value of sign-alternating TopFlag is supplied to the multiplication point 18.

Peak common mode current i_cm、pkIs also provided to multiplication point 18. At the multiplication point 18, the high frequency common mode current i caused by the pulse width modulation carrier misalignment is passed_cm、pkMultiplying by the value of sign alternation TopFlag to demodulate the common-mode current i_cm、pk。

The demodulated common mode current is supplied to a finite impulse response (FIR2) filter 19, where the remaining high frequency content is filtered out in the finite impulse response (FIR2) filter 19, and the signal is then inverted by a gain 20 of-1.

Next, the signal is provided to a proportional (P) controller 21, the proportional (P) controller 21 being used to pass a variable T_sw/2，addTo adjust the carrier. Variable T_sw/2，addIndicating that it must be added to the control period T before being supplied to the modulator (not shown)_sw/2Time of (c). Control period T_sw/2Defining the pulse width modulation half cycle time.

It should be noted that a Proportional Integral (PI) controller may be used instead of the P controller.

As described above, this control method deals only with the pulse width modulation carrier misalignment, and therefore can only solve this problem. Therefore, applying this method will reduce the common mode current shown in graphs 9, 10, 11 and 12 of fig. 2, but will not affect the common mode current shown in graphs 13 and 14 of fig. 2. Therefore, even when this method is applied, the common mode current is not completely eliminated because there is still a common mode current originating from the dc voltage error. As mentioned above, this results in a reduced efficiency of the active front-end components.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a method according to an embodiment of the invention. The method is used for using a peak common mode current i_cm、pkReducing DC voltage error measurements, peak common mode current i, between parallel active front end components_cm、pkCalculated from the three phase current sampled at the pulse width modulated carrier.

Duty cycle D_uvwIs provided to the math block 22. Duty cycle D_uvwIs the common mode of the duty cycle, which is the output of the modulator that varies between 0 and 1.

Zero sequence D of the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation_cmIs supplied to the summing point 23. The zero sequence is calculated as follows: d _cm1/3 Du +1/3 Dv +1/3 Dw. At the summing point 23, from the duty cycle D_cmMinus 0.5 in order to obtain an alternating sign behavior. Derived sign alternation duty cycle D_uvwIs provided to multiplication point 24.

Peak common mode current i_cm、pkIs also provided to the multiplication point 24. At multiplication point 24, by multiplying the common mode current i_cm、pkDuty ratio D alternating with sign_cmIs multiplied to demodulate the common-mode current I_cm、pk。

The demodulated common mode current is supplied to a low pass filter 25 where the remaining high frequency content is filtered out and the signal is then inverted by a-1 gain 26.

Next, the signal is provided to an integral (I) controller 27, the integral (I) controller 27 being adapted to pass the DC voltage U_dc，corrRegulating the DC voltage U_dc，avg. DC voltage U_dc，corrIs provided to the summing junction 28.

DC voltage U_dc，ADCIs also provided to the summing junction 28. DC voltage U_dc，ADCIs the measured dc voltage of the active front-end section 1.

DC voltage U_dc，avgIs supplied to a dc voltage controller (not shown). DC voltage U_dc，avgIs a direct voltage U_dc，corrAnd U_dc，ADCThe sum, representing the dc voltage value of the active front-end components in parallel.

For a common mode inductance of pure inductance (no resistive part), the common mode current may comprise a direct current component. In this case, an integral controller 27 for dc voltage regulation needs to be added.

The peak common mode current is supplied to a finite impulse response (FIR2) filter 29, where the remaining high frequency content is filtered out in the finite impulse response (FIR2) filter 29. Thereafter, the signal is provided to a low pass filter (30) and further filtered.

Next, the signal is inverted by a gain 31 of-1 before being provided to the P controller 32.

The output of the P controller 32 is the value D of the duty cycle_cm，addValue of duty ratio D_cm，addIs provided to a modulator (not shown). Value D of the duty cycle_cm，addFor adjusting the modulated common mode voltage to drive any dc current to zero.

Due to the DC voltage U supplied to a DC voltage controller (not shown)_dc，avgIs a corrected dc voltage signal, thus ensuring that all active front end units will be oriented the sameSteady state DC voltage U_dc，avgThe value of (c) converges. Thus, the common mode current resulting from the dc voltage error is reduced, as shown in graphs 13 and 14 of fig. 2.

For a pure inductance common mode inductance, the common mode current may include a dc component. By providing the value of the duty cycle D to a modulator (not shown)_cm，addTo solve this problem.

Fig. 5 is a graph of common mode current resulting from pulse width modulated carrier misalignment and dc voltage error in parallel active front end components controlled according to a method of an embodiment of the invention, wherein the control method shown in the block diagram of fig. 3 and the control method shown in the block diagram of fig. 4 are applied. The active front-end component may be, for example, the active front-end component 1 shown in fig. 1. Two different modulation schemes are shown, Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) in the three left graphs and discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM1) in the three right graphs. All graphs of fig. 5 show the common mode current as a function of time over one period of, for example, 1.6 seconds, with parallel control enabled at 0.5 seconds.

Graphs 33 and 34 show the common mode current resulting from pulse width modulated carrier misalignment for a pulse width modulated carrier misalignment of 180 °. Graphs 35 and 36 show the common mode current resulting from a dc voltage error of 1%. Finally, graphs 37 and 38 show the total common mode current resulting from 90 ° pwm carrier misalignment and 1% dc voltage error.

When comparing the graph of fig. 5 with the graph of fig. 2, it is clear that applying the control method shown in the block diagram of fig. 3 and the control method shown in the block diagram of fig. 4 results in a significant reduction of the common mode current. It should be noted that the common mode current resulting from pulse width modulation carrier misalignment as shown in graphs 33 and 34 is reduced by the control method shown in the block diagram of fig. 3, and the common mode current resulting from dc voltage error as shown in graphs 35 and 36 is reduced by the control method shown in the block diagram of fig. 4.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a method according to an embodiment of the invention. The method is used to synchronize the pulse width modulated carrier of the active front end components during startup with the pulse width modulated carrier of the active front end components already in operation by monitoring the voltage at the inverter terminals. The active front-end components to be activated may be activated, for example, by closing a switch, as indicated by reference numeral 8 in fig. 1.

Will change the variable T_uvwIs provided to a division point 39. Time variable T_uvwIs voltage state feedback averaged over the control period.

Will change the variable T_sw/2The value of (d) is also provided to the division point 39. Variable T_sw/2Is the length of the control period.

The output of division point 39 is duty cycle D_uvwThe value of (c). Duty cycle D_uvwIs provided to a math block 40. Duty cycle D_uvwIs the common mode of the duty cycle.

The value of TopFlag is supplied to summing point 41. The value of TopFlag is a variable that is assumed to be 1 (true) when the pulse width modulated carrier is in a so-called top update, and 0 (false) when the pulse width modulated carrier is in a bottom update. 0.5 is subtracted from the value of TopFlag at summing point 41 to obtain a sign alternating behavior. The derived value of sign-alternating TopFlag is supplied to the multiplication point 42.

The output of the mathematical block is the common mode duty cycle D_cmCommon mode duty cycle D_cmIs also provided to the multiplication point 42.

The output of the multiplication point is a demodulated signal that is a function of the pulse width modulated carrier misalignment.

The demodulated signal is supplied to a finite impulse response (FIR2) filter 43, where in the finite impulse response (FIR2) filter 43 the remaining high frequency content is filtered out, and the signal is then inverted by a-1 gain 44.

Next, the signal is provided to (P) controller 45, and (P) controller 45 is used to pass variable T_sw/2，addTo adjust the carrier. Variable T_sw/2，addIndicating that it must be added to the control period T before being supplied to the modulator (not shown)_sw/2Time of (c). Control period T_sw/2Defining the pulse width modulation half cycle time.

Due to a variable T supplied to a modulator (not shown)_sw/2，addFor adjusting the control period T_sw/2It is thus ensured that the pulse width modulated carrier of the active front-end unit during start-up can be synchronized with the pulse width modulated carrier of an already active front-end unit.

Fig. 7 is a graph of common-mode current for pulse width modulated carrier synchronization during startup of parallel active front-end components controlled by a method according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the control method shown in the block diagram of fig. 3, the control method shown in the block diagram of fig. 4, and the control method shown in the block diagram of fig. 6 are applied. The active front-end component may be, for example, the active front-end component 1 shown in fig. 1. Two different modulation schemes are shown, Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) in the two left graphs and discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM1) in the two right graphs. All graphs of fig. 7 show the common mode current as a function of time at one period of the fundamental frequency.

Graphs 46 and 47 show the common mode current resulting from pulse width modulated carrier synchronization for a pulse width modulated carrier misalignment of 180 deg. when the control method shown in the block diagram of fig. 6 is not applied. Graphs 48 and 49 show the common mode current resulting from the pwm carrier synchronization for a 180 pwm carrier misalignment when the control method shown in the block diagram of fig. 6 is applied.

In the graph of fig. 7, the second active front-end component starts at 0.5 seconds. Graphs 46 and 47 of fig. 7 show that the common mode current fluctuates rapidly and with a higher amplitude immediately after the second active front end component is enabled at time 0.5s when carrier synchronization is disabled. On the other hand, graphs 48 and 49 of fig. 7 show that when carrier synchronization is enabled, the common mode current is greatly reduced immediately after the second active front end component is activated at time 0.5 s.

When comparing the graphs of fig. 7, it is clear that applying the control method shown in the block diagram in fig. 6 results in a reduction of the common mode current when the second active front-end component is started.

The following computer programs, according to exemplary and non-limiting embodiments, include computer-executable instructions for controlling a programmable processor to perform actions related to methods according to any of the above-described exemplary and non-limiting embodiments.

A computer program for reducing common-mode currents in a power electronic device comprising two or more Active Front End (AFE) components (1) coupled in parallel between an ac grid (2) and a dc link (3), the computer program comprising: computer-executable instructions for controlling a programmable processor to perform functions of:

determining a duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for the active front-end component (1),

an error signal is derived from the determined pulse width modulated duty cycle and the common mode current of the active front-end components (1),

a correction voltage is derived based on the error signal,

deriving a DC voltage control signal based on the derived correction voltage and the measured DC voltage of the DC link (3) and/or a DC reference voltage, an

The power electronics are controlled in accordance with the derived direct voltage control signal.

A computer program for starting up an Active Front End (AFE) section (1) of a power electronic device comprising two or more active front end sections (1) coupled in parallel between an alternating current grid (2) and a direct current link (3), the computer program comprising computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processor to perform the following functions:

-activating a first active front-end component (1),

determining a duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) of the first active front-end component (1),

the control period of the active front-end section (1) in the inactive state is adjusted according to the determined duty cycle of the pulse width modulation, and

-starting the active front-end component (1) in a stopped state, and-operating said active front-end component (1) in accordance with the derived adjustment of the control period.

The computer programs described above may be subroutines and/or functions implemented, for example, in a programming language suitable for the programmable processor in question.

The computer program product according to the exemplary and non-limiting embodiments includes a computer-readable medium, such as a compact disc "CD" encoded with a computer program according to the exemplary embodiments.

The non-limiting specific examples provided in the description given above should not be construed as limiting the scope and/or applicability of the appended claims. Moreover, any list or group of examples provided in this document is not intended to be exhaustive unless explicitly stated otherwise.