阅读说明：本技术 一种石质路堑***施工方法 (Rocky cutting blasting construction method ) 是由 青志刚 谢安然 陈博文 余意 黎修旺 李军 覃靖 覃珍波 李胜 黄先滨 覃建华 于 2019-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及爆破施工技术领域,具体涉及一种石质路堑的爆破施工方法；包括测量放样步骤、炮眼布置步骤、炮孔装药及堵塞炮孔、起爆工作前警戒、起爆工作实施、起爆后工作检查等步骤,采用本发明施工方法可以有效控制岩石飞行轨迹,减少对周边自然环境的影响,提高爆破效率,加快施工进度的完成。适用于石质坚硬、整体性好的岩体,也适用于节理裂隙、溶岩发育的岩体；本发明适用于石质坚硬、整体性好的岩体,也适用于节理裂隙、溶岩发育的岩体。(The invention relates to the technical field of blasting construction, in particular to a blasting construction method of rocky cutting; the construction method comprises the steps of measuring and lofting, arranging blast holes, charging and blocking the blast holes, warning before detonation work, implementing the detonation work, checking the work after detonation and the like. The method is suitable for rock masses with hard stone quality and good integrity, and is also suitable for rock masses with joint cracks and karst development; the invention is suitable for rock mass with hard stone and good integrity, and is also suitable for rock mass with joint cracks and karst development.)

1. a blasting construction method of stone cutting is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

A measurement lofting step: measuring the landform and the landform of a blasting construction area, and measuring the position of a blast hole on a slope according to design;

arranging blastholes: the distance between blast holes and the row spacing are 3m in a blasting construction area more than 150m away from a civil house, and the depth of each blast hole is 9.5 m; the distance between blast holes and the row spacing in a blasting construction area within 150m from a civil house are 2.2m, and the depth of each blast hole is 6.5 m; numbering the blastholes, and marking the depth and the inclination angle of the blastholes on hole sites by using wood piles;

Charging and blocking blast holes: before charging, checking whether the explosive, the digital detonator and the encoder can be normally used, and adopting rock emulsion explosive with the diameter of 70mm and the length of 40 cm; operating in a blasting construction area more than 150m away from a civil house, wherein the single-hole explosive quantity of a blast hole is 20-24 kg; the blast hole single-hole explosive quantity is 12-16kg when the blast hole single-hole explosive quantity works in a blasting construction area within 150m from a civil house.

2. The blasting construction method of rocky cutting according to claim 1, wherein:

The blastholes are arranged in a plum blossom shape.

3. the blasting construction method of rocky cutting according to claim 2, wherein:

deep hole step blasting is adopted for the operation in the blasting construction area more than 150m away from the civil house, and deep hole loosening blasting is adopted for the operation in the blasting construction area within 150m away from the civil house.

4. The blasting construction method of rocky cutting according to claim 3, wherein:

when deep hole loosening blasting is adopted, a blasting cartridge is placed in a blast hole, then a plurality of rock emulsion explosives are sequentially and tightly arranged in the blasting cartridge, the height of the rock emulsion explosives is set to be 2.8 m, then 7 sections of digital electronic detonators are placed on the top of the rock emulsion explosives, finally the blasting cartridge is blocked by stone powder collected during drilling, and the blasting cartridge is compacted and sealed, wherein the filling height of the stone powder is 3.7 m.

5. The blasting construction method of rocky cutting according to claim 3, wherein:

When deep hole step blasting is adopted, a blasting cartridge is placed in a blast hole, then a plurality of rock emulsion explosives are sequentially and tightly arranged in the blasting cartridge, the height of the rock emulsion explosives is set to be 4 m, then 7 sections of digital electronic detonators are placed on the top of the rock emulsion explosives, finally the blasting cartridge is plugged by stone powder collected during drilling, and the blasting cartridge is compacted and sealed, wherein the filling height of the stone powder is 5.5 m.

6. The blasting construction method of rocky cutting according to claim 2, wherein:

When the hole is set, the hole is adjusted according to the change size of the resistance line and is divided into fine adjustment, major adjustment and hole patching, wherein the fine adjustment is to move a specific hole back and forth or move the specific hole left and right, the major adjustment is to relatively move two adjacent holes to reduce the distance between the two holes, and the hole patching is to patch holes which do not meet the requirements of space and row spacing.

7. The blasting construction method of a rocky cutting according to claim 4 or 5, wherein: the 7-segment digital electronic detonators are used, 50-millisecond delay detonation needs to be carried out in blasthole holes, all blasting networks formed by the blasthole holes adopt parallel detonation networks, and the 7-segment digital electronic detonators use a detonator to control the detonation.

8. The blasting construction method of rocky cutting according to claim 7, wherein:

Dividing the rock emulsion explosive in the blasting cartridge into N sections of blasting sections, wherein N is greater than 1, setting blasting points at the midpoints of the blasting sections respectively, and the length of the blasting sections is not less than two times of the damage radius.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of blasting construction, in particular to a blasting construction method of rocky cutting.

Background

For the excavation of roadbed rocky side slopes, most construction units adopt a smooth blasting construction method at present, but when the rocky side slopes are close to residential areas (less than 55m), flying rocks and strong vibration generated by smooth blasting can generate great potential safety hazards to surrounding residents; and the smoothness and the overbreak of rock masses with poor integrity, joint crack development, multiple bedding and inconsistent trend with the design slope trend are difficult to control, so that the stability of the slope after construction is poor, even secondary slope brushing is needed, and the quality and the economic investment of the slope are seriously influenced. Therefore, the method realizes the blasting fine construction of the rocky side slope close to the residential building and with broken rock mass, and is the key for improving the excavation safety, high quality and economic performance of the roadbed rocky side slope.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the background technology and provide a blasting construction method of rocky cutting.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A blasting construction method of a stone cutting comprises the following steps:

A measurement lofting step: measuring the landform and the landform of a blasting construction area, and measuring the position of a blast hole on a slope according to design;

arranging blastholes: the distance between blast holes and the row spacing are 3m in a blasting construction area more than 150m away from a civil house, and the depth of each blast hole is 9.5 m; the distance between blast holes and the row spacing in a blasting construction area within 150m from a civil house are 2.2m, and the depth of each blast hole is 6.5 m; numbering the blastholes, and marking the depth and the inclination angle of the blastholes on hole sites by using wood piles;

Charging and blocking blast holes: before charging, checking whether the explosive, the digital detonator and the encoder can be normally used, and adopting rock emulsion explosive with the diameter of 70mm and the length of 40 cm; operating in a blasting construction area more than 150m away from a civil house, wherein the single-hole explosive quantity of a blast hole is 20-24 kg; the blast hole single-hole explosive quantity is 12-16kg when the blast hole single-hole explosive quantity works in a blasting construction area within 150m from a civil house.

In the invention, the blastholes are arranged in a plum blossom shape.

furthermore, deep hole bench blasting is adopted for operation in a blasting construction area more than 150m away from the civil house, and deep hole loosening blasting is adopted for operation in a blasting construction area within 150m away from the civil house.

Further, when deep hole loosening blasting is adopted, a blasting cartridge is placed in a blast hole, then a plurality of rock emulsion explosives are sequentially and tightly arranged in the blasting cartridge, the height of the rock emulsion explosives is set to be 2.8 m, then 7 sections of digital electronic detonators are placed on the top of the rock emulsion explosives, finally, the blasting cartridge is plugged by stone powder collected during drilling, the blasting cartridge is compacted and sealed, and the height of filling the stone powder is 3.7 m.

Further, when deep hole step blasting is adopted, a blasting cartridge is placed in a blast hole, then a plurality of rock emulsion explosives are sequentially and tightly arranged in the blasting cartridge, the height of the rock emulsion explosives is set to be 4 m, then 7 sections of digital electronic detonators are placed on the top of the rock emulsion explosives, finally the blasting cartridge is plugged by stone powder collected during drilling, and the blasting cartridge is compacted and sealed, wherein the height of stone powder filling is 5.5 m.

when the hole is set, the hole is adjusted according to the change size of the resistance line and is divided into fine adjustment, major adjustment and hole patching, wherein the fine adjustment is to move a specific hole back and forth or move the specific hole left and right, the major adjustment is to relatively move two adjacent holes to reduce the distance between the two holes, and the hole patching is to patch holes which do not meet the requirements of space and row spacing.

Furthermore, the 7-segment digital electronic detonators are used, 50-millisecond delay detonation needs to be carried out in the blasthole, all blasting networks formed by the blasthole adopt parallel detonation networks, and the 7-segment digital electronic detonators use the detonators to control the detonation.

Further, the rock emulsion explosive in the blasting cartridge is divided into N sections of blasting sections, wherein N is greater than 1, the middle points of the blasting sections are respectively provided with a blasting point, and the length of the blasting section is not less than two times of the damage radius.

the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The method effectively weakens the damage to the reserved rock mass during the blasting of the main blasting area, forms a flat profile surface, and avoids a series of problems of increasing the project investment by later blasting repair, side slope quality caused by excessive overexcavation and the like;

(2) the rock flight track can be effectively controlled, the influence on the surrounding natural environment is reduced, the blasting efficiency is improved, and the construction progress is accelerated to be completed. The method is suitable for rock masses with hard stone quality and good integrity, and is also suitable for rock masses with joint cracks and karst development; the invention is suitable for rock mass with hard stone and good integrity, and is also suitable for rock mass with joint cracks and karst development.

(3) the invention can improve the safe allowable vibration speed of the adjacent building special quality point, reduce the blasting vibration control difficulty and reduce the engineering investment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of blasting construction of a rocky cutting according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of arrangement of deep hole bench blasting blastholes of the invention;

fig. 3 is a layout diagram of deep hole loosening blast holes of the invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

According to the blasting construction method of the rocky cutting, aiming at the stone road sections with different distances from a civil house, in order to control blasting vibration and avoid flying stones, deep hole bench blasting is adopted from top to bottom on the road section with the distance of more than 150 meters from the civil house, and the hole depth is 9.5 meters; and when the distance between the blasting point and the civil house is less than 150 meters, adopting deep hole loosening blasting, wherein the hole depth is within 6.5 meters.

The method can effectively weaken the damage to the reserved rock mass during blasting in the main blasting area by using loose blasting and deep hole blasting, and form a flat profile surface, thereby avoiding a series of problems of later-stage blasting repair, increased engineering investment, side slope quality caused by over-excavation and the like.

Firstly, measuring and lofting before construction: the topography, the landform to blasting construction region are measured, measure the porthole drilling position on domatic according to the design to know, the record to each parameter, in addition, when the cutting is sand loess, know, the record to data such as its grain gradation, closely knit degree and angle of stabilization.

The base of the operation platform is cleaned before the drilling machine is used for aligning, and the drill rod can be fully acted on the rock layer. Before drilling, after the YCT5 type integrated open-air down-the-hole drill carriage is moved to an operation position, the debugging machine drills holes in a vertical drilling mode.

The drilling machine adopts a YCT5 type integrated open-air down-the-hole drill carriage, the diameter of a drill rod is 90mm, field technicians carry out shot hole arrangement on constructors every time, and drilling operation is started after safety technologies such as drilling depth, drilling angle and the like are handed over. After drilling is finished, the drill rod is moved up and down to clean the holes from the stone chips in the holes as much as possible.

The drilling requirements are: the distance between blast holes and the row spacing are 3m in a blasting construction area more than 150m away from a civil house, and the depth of each blast hole is 9.5 m; the distance between blast holes and the row spacing in a blasting construction area within 150m from a civil house are 2.2m, and the depth of each blast hole is 6.5 m; the blastholes are numbered, and the depth and the inclination angle of the blastholes are marked on hole sites by using wood piles.

The drilling machine adopts a YCT5 type integrated open-air down-the-hole drill carriage, the diameter of a drill rod is 90mm, field technicians carry out shot hole arrangement on constructors every time, and drilling operation is started after safety technologies such as drilling depth, drilling angle and the like are handed over. After drilling is finished, the drill rod is moved up and down to clean the holes from the stone chips in the holes as much as possible.

In addition, the stone powder drilled by the drill is recycled by the bag by using the exhaust fan of the drill in the drilling process, so that the bag can be used for filling powder and blocking holes in the later period, and the phenomenon that the raised dust is too large in the construction process is avoided, thereby being beneficial to civilized construction.

And then carrying out blast hole charging and blast hole blocking:

before charging, checking whether the explosive, the digital detonator and the encoder can be normally used, and adopting rock emulsion explosive with the diameter of 70mm and the length of 40 cm; the explosive charging is carried out by a blasting company and field construction personnel in a coordinated mode, a wooden or bamboo gun rod is used for feeding the explosive in the explosive charging process, the explosive is blocked by using stone powder collected in drilling after the explosive charging is finished, the tightness of a blasting space is ensured, whether the explosive, a digital detonator and an encoder can be normally used or not is checked before the explosive charging, and rock emulsion explosive with the diameter of 70mm and the length of 40cm is adopted; operating in a blasting construction area more than 150m away from a civil house, wherein the single-hole explosive quantity of a blast hole is 20-24 kg; the blast hole single-hole explosive quantity is 12-16kg when the blast hole single-hole explosive quantity works in a blasting construction area within 150m from a civil house.

deep hole step blasting is adopted for the operation in the blasting construction area more than 150m away from the civil house, and deep hole loosening blasting is adopted for the operation in the blasting construction area within 150m away from the civil house.

when deep hole loosening blasting is adopted, a blasting cartridge is placed in a blast hole, then a plurality of rock emulsion explosives are sequentially and tightly arranged in the blasting cartridge, the height of the rock emulsion explosives is set to be 2.8 m, then 7 sections of digital electronic detonators are placed on the top of the rock emulsion explosives, finally the blasting cartridge is blocked by stone powder collected during drilling, and the blasting cartridge is compacted and sealed, wherein the filling height of the stone powder is 3.7 m.

When deep hole step blasting is adopted, a blasting cartridge is placed in a blast hole, then a plurality of rock emulsion explosives are sequentially and tightly arranged in the blasting cartridge, the height of the rock emulsion explosives is set to be 4 m, then 7 sections of digital electronic detonators are placed on the top of the rock emulsion explosives, finally the blasting cartridge is plugged by stone powder collected during drilling, and the blasting cartridge is compacted and sealed, wherein the filling height of the stone powder is 5.5 m.

The 7-segment digital electronic detonators are used, 50-millisecond delay detonation needs to be carried out in blasthole holes, all blasting networks formed by the blasthole holes adopt parallel detonating networks, and the 7-segment digital electronic detonators use a detonator to control the detonation; blasting network networking operation, wherein a blasting company sends a special blasting operator to perform networking according to a network diagram provided by blasting design; after the networking is finished, whether the codes of all blasting loops are correct or not is strictly and seriously checked so as to prevent the leakage connection and the wrong connection and influence the accurate detonation.

after the blast hole is prepared, starting to arrange a safety place outside a safety warning line at the detonation station, and starting from the approach of the explosive, carrying out warning care on the site by safety management personnel. People and equipment in the dangerous area range are completely evacuated 20 minutes before blasting, equipment which cannot be evacuated needs to be protected close to the body, and 2 persons are dispatched respectively by arranging guard posts at each crossing leading to the blasting area. The residential area has special warning personnel, and each household checks whether people evacuate to the safe area.

in the aspect of initiating work, blasting engineering technicians are used for carrying out the initiating work by two persons, wherein 1 person carries out the initiating work and 1 person carries out supervision. The initiator is carefully inspected before initiation to prevent initiation failure. The blasting signal is carried out according to three stages of the early warning signal, the detonation signal and the disarm signal. The whole blasting process is recorded and filed in a video mode.

And (3) post-explosion inspection treatment: after blasting is finished, whether a blind shot exists is confirmed by checking the digital detonator electronic detonator; and (4) observing whether the blasting explosive pile is stable or not, and whether dangerous slopes, dangerous stones, dangerous walls, dangerous rooms and buildings are not blasted or not. After blasting, the blasting machine is utilized to perform de-blasting, and then an excavator is used for digging and loading and a dump truck is used for transporting the stone. After digging and transporting, measuring and determining the elevation of the base bed surface, leveling by using a construction machine, and treating the local protruded part by using a blasting machine or blasting. And (4) finishing the side slope by using a gun machine.

In order to achieve uniform hole distribution, maximize the utilization of blasting energy and improve the blasting effect, when the hole is arranged, the hole is adjusted according to the variation size of the resistance line and is divided into fine adjustment, major adjustment and hole patching, wherein the fine adjustment is to move a specific hole back and forth or move the specific hole left and right, the major adjustment is to relatively move two adjacent holes to reduce the distance between the two holes, and the hole patching is to patch holes for holes which do not meet the requirements of space and row spacing;

The selection of the positions and the number of the initiation points needs to comprehensively consider the factors of improving the blasting vibration frequency, economy, construction and the like, reasonably control the length of each initiation section, divide the rock emulsion explosive in the blasting cartridge into N initiation sections, wherein N is greater than 1, the initiation points are respectively arranged at the midpoints of the initiation sections, and the length of each initiation section is not less than two times of the damage radius. The initiation points are arranged at the middle points of the initiation sections of the explosive charging sections, and 7-section digital electronic detonators are adopted for the initiation points in the same blast hole.

The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied thereto, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art or surgeons that any equivalent changes, simple substitutions and the like based on the technical solution of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.