阅读说明：本技术 一种干化污泥有机肥及其制备方法 (Dried sludge organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 黄文海 陈春梅 于 2019-08-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及肥料领域,尤其涉及一种干化污泥有机肥及其制备方法。其采用以下重量份的原料制备而成：干化污泥100份,生石灰2-10份,辅料15-30份,磷酸2-10份,活性菌剂1-5份,蚯蚓粪10-20份。制备方法为：按原料配比称取各组分,把干化污泥、生石灰、辅料放进捏合机中搅拌均匀,陈化；陈化后的混合料置于圆盘造粒机中,造粒过程中喷洒磷酸进行中和,再喷射发酵菌剂继续造粒；将造好的粒置于发酵池中好氧发酵15-30天后,与蚯蚓粪搅拌均匀即得干化污泥有机肥。本发明充分利用污泥中含有的大量养分,并通过生石灰、辅料等添加剂的辅助产生大量有助于植物生长的有机质、微量元素等,提高了有机肥的活性和养分。同时本发明的制备方法简单,选料广泛、成本低。(The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a dried sludge organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of dried sludge, 2-10 parts of quicklime, 15-30 parts of auxiliary materials, 2-10 parts of phosphoric acid, 1-5 parts of active microbial inoculum and 10-20 parts of wormcast. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the components according to the raw material ratio, putting the dried sludge, the quicklime and the auxiliary materials into a kneading machine, uniformly stirring and aging; placing the aged mixture in a disc granulator, spraying phosphoric acid for neutralization in the granulation process, and then spraying a zymocyte agent for continuous granulation; and placing the manufactured granules in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 15-30 days, and uniformly stirring the granules and wormcast to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer. The invention makes full use of a large amount of nutrients contained in the sludge, and produces a large amount of organic matters, trace elements and the like which are beneficial to plant growth through the assistance of additives such as quicklime, auxiliary materials and the like, thereby improving the activity and the nutrients of the organic fertilizer. Meanwhile, the preparation method is simple, wide in material selection and low in cost.)

1. The dried sludge organic fertilizer is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of dried sludge, 2-10 parts of quicklime, 15-30 parts of auxiliary materials, 2-10 parts of phosphoric acid, 1-5 parts of active microbial inoculum and 10-20 parts of wormcast.

2. The dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active microbial inoculum is a mixture of thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, actinomycetes, trichoderma viride, white rot fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

3. The dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, actinomycetes, trichoderma viride, white rot fungi and azotobacter according to a mass ratio of 3:2:1:2:2:2:1: 1.

4. The dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise at least one of peanut meal, turf, sawdust and rice chaff.

5. The dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dried sludge has a water content of 30-50%.

6. The preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Weighing the components according to the raw material ratio, putting the dried sludge, the quicklime and the auxiliary materials into a kneading machine, uniformly stirring and aging;

(2) Placing the aged mixture in a disc granulator for granulation, spraying phosphoric acid for neutralization in the granulation process, and spraying zymophyte for continuous granulation after neutralization;

(3) And placing the manufactured granules in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 15-30 days, and uniformly stirring the granules and wormcast to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer.

7. The preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the aerobic fermentation process comprises: fermenting in a fermentation tank, and turning when the temperature of the pile rises to 50-70 ℃; turning over once every 2-3 days; when turning the pile, turning the materials at the outer part and the bottom into the pile; continuously turning the pile for 3-5 times, wherein the material has no odor and peculiar smell, and the fermentation and the decomposition are finished.

8. The method for preparing the dried sludge organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the aging temperature in the step (1) is 60-80 ℃ and the aging time is 24-30 h.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a dried sludge organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Along with the continuous improvement of domestic sewage treatment rate and treatment degree in China, the generated municipal sludge is increased year by year. The water content of the sludge is high, the property is unstable, and the scientific treatment and disposal of the sludge become public problems which are concerned. The municipal sludge has high nitrogen and sulfur contents, and the reducing sulfide and ammonia are released into the atmosphere in a gas form under the influence of anaerobic microorganism activities and ammoniated bacteria. Therefore, the foul smell pollution is inevitably brought in the sludge production and transportation process, which makes the sludge stabilization treatment one of the important concerns.

The current commonly used sludge treatment methods include sea throwing method, incineration method, landfill method and traditional composting. These treatment measures all have some disadvantages: the sea throwing method can cause pollution to the sea and is forbidden; the incineration method has large equipment investment, high operation cost and air pollution; the sludge landfill occupies a large amount of land, pollutes the surrounding environment and underground water, and the required standard is continuously improved; the traditional sludge compost has heavy metal, refractory organic matters and pathogen pollution, influences the agricultural popularization, and is difficult to realize harmless, resource and commercial treatment of a large amount of sludge. For example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN104446689A discloses a sludge fermentation organic fertilizer and a production process thereof, the organic fertilizer is obtained by mixing sludge and plant straws and fermenting strains, but the organic fertilizer prepared by the method still contains heavy metals, refractory organic matters and the like, and has adverse effects on plant growth and soil.

disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides the dried sludge organic fertilizer and the preparation method thereof, so that the effective treatment of sludge is realized, the prepared organic fertilizer has high fertilizer efficiency, is suitable for plant growth, and is simple in preparation method, low in cost and suitable for industrialization.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

The dried sludge organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of dried sludge, 2-10 parts of quicklime, 15-30 parts of auxiliary materials, 2-10 parts of phosphoric acid, 1-5 parts of active microbial inoculum and 10-20 parts of wormcast.

further, the active microbial inoculum is a mixture of thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, actinomycetes, trichoderma viride, white rot fungi and azotobacteria. Wherein, the thermophilic bacteria can lead the fermentation temperature to reach more than 60 ℃, and most pathogenic bacteria microorganisms can be killed after the fermentation is carried out for more than 7 days. The trichoderma viride is taken as one of the strains with the highest cellulase activity, and the produced cellulase has a degradation effect on crops and has an obvious effect; meanwhile, trichoderma viride is an antagonistic microorganism rich in resources and has an important effect in the prevention and treatment of plant pathological organisms. The trichoderma viride has double effects of protection and treatment, and can effectively prevent and treat soil-borne diseases.

Preferably, the active microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing thermophilic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, actinomycetes, trichoderma viride, white rot fungi and azotobacter according to the mass ratio of 3:2:1:1:2:2:1: 1.

Further, the auxiliary materials comprise at least one of peanut meal, turf, sawdust and rice chaff.

furthermore, the water content of the dried sludge is 30-50%. The water content affects the subsequent fermentation efficiency; and the pile turning times should be increased when the water content is higher.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Weighing the components according to the raw material ratio, putting the dried sludge, the quicklime and the auxiliary materials into a kneading machine, uniformly stirring and aging;

(2) Placing the aged mixture in a disc granulator, spraying phosphoric acid for neutralization in the granulation process, and then spraying a zymocyte agent for continuous granulation;

(3) And placing the manufactured granules in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation for 15-30 days, and uniformly stirring the granules and wormcast to obtain the dried sludge organic fertilizer.

Further, the aerobic fermentation process comprises the following steps: fermenting in a fermentation tank, and turning when the temperature of the pile rises to 50-70 ℃; turning over once every 2-3 days; when the material is turned over, the material at the outer part and the bottom is turned into the pile; continuously overturning for 3-5 times, wherein the materials have no odor and peculiar smell, and the fermentation and decomposition are completed.

Further, the aging temperature in the step (1) is 60-80 ℃, and the aging time is 24-30 h.

According to the dried sludge organic fertilizer, quicklime is added, and the purposes of quickly drying and passivating the activity of heavy metals can be achieved by efficiently mixing sludge and quicklime. After the quicklime is added, the Pb content of the residue state is not changed greatly, and the content of the organic combination state is slightly increased; the contents of Cd, Cu and Zn in acid-extractable state are all obviously reduced, while the contents of ferro-manganese titanium oxide, organic combined state and residue state are increased. On the other hand, the sludge is added with the quicklime to inhibit the generation of the reducing sulfide, compared with the raw sludge with the same mass, the release amount of the reducing sulfide of the sludge stabilized by the quicklime is reduced by about 80-90%, hydrogen sulfide is subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction under the alkaline condition and is combined with metal ions to generate sulfide precipitate, and finally the sulfide precipitate is adsorbed and fixed in the sludge, so that the odor intensity of the sludge is obviously reduced, and the purpose of inhibiting the odor is basically achieved.

According to the dried sludge organic fertilizer, nitrogen in sludge mainly exists in the form of ammonium nitrogen and organic nitrogen, so that volatile ammonia gas is generated under an alkaline condition and released; auxiliary materials are added to serve as a leavening agent and an adsorbent, so that ammonia gas in the reaction process of the sludge and the quicklime can be adsorbed and fixed.

according to the preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer, quicklime is added into sludge and then aged for a period of time, and a strong alkaline environment created by adding the quicklime and a large amount of released heat can kill pathogenic bacteria microorganisms; meanwhile, phosphoric acid is added to neutralize excessive alkalinity, so that an environment suitable for the survival of beneficial bacteria is created, and the subsequent fermentation process of adding the active microbial inoculum is facilitated.

According to the preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer, wormcast is added after fermentation is finished, the wormcast is rich in bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, and by the aid of the beneficial microorganisms and life activities of earthworms, phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin and indoleic acid are generated, plant growth is promoted, and plant metabolism is regulated; also, a large amount of polysaccharide is produced. The beneficial microorganisms can also generate antibiotics with strong antagonistic activity and wide antimicrobial spectrum, can limit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and can inhibit plant soil-borne diseases.

The dried sludge organic fertilizer adopts sludge as a main raw material, makes full use of a large amount of nutrients contained in the sludge, and passivates the activity of heavy metal elements in the sludge, kills pathogenic bacteria microorganisms and inhibits the release of malodor by the aid of additives such as quicklime, auxiliary materials and the like; meanwhile, a large amount of organic matters, trace elements and the like which are beneficial to plant growth are generated by adding the activated microbial inoculum fermentation sludge and the wormcast, so that the activity and the nutrients of the organic fertilizer are improved. On the other hand, the preparation method of the dried sludge organic fertilizer is simple, wide in material selection, low in cost, capable of being prepared through granulation and fermentation processes, and easy to control.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the dried sludge organic fertilizer.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.