阅读说明：本技术 防爆双层高压氢气储罐 (Explosion-proof double-layer high-pressure hydrogen storage tank ) 是由 沈晓波 徐佳颖 张振武 章雪凝 张超 张建法 刘海峰 于 2019-10-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种防爆双层高压氢气储罐,其罐体由内罐和外罐组成,内外罐通过罐座连接为整体；内外罐之间的夹层内填充有抑爆剂,夹层设置有抑爆剂进口和抑爆剂出口；内罐通过管道与外罐连接并通至罐外,管道与夹层隔离。主要用于高压氢气的储存。本发明可以有效防止高压氢气意外泄漏发生自燃和抑制气云爆炸；且结构简单,经济性优势明显。(The invention relates to an explosion-proof double-layer high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, wherein a tank body of the tank consists of an inner tank and an outer tank, and the inner tank and the outer tank are connected into a whole through a tank seat; an explosion suppressant is filled in an interlayer between the inner tank and the outer tank, and the interlayer is provided with an explosion suppressant inlet and an explosion suppressant outlet; the inner tank is connected with the outer tank through a pipeline and communicated to the outside of the tank, and the pipeline is isolated from the interlayer. The method is mainly used for storing high-pressure hydrogen. The invention can effectively prevent spontaneous combustion caused by accidental leakage of high-pressure hydrogen and inhibit gas cloud explosion; and the structure is simple, and the economic advantage is obvious.)

1. The utility model provides an explosion-proof double-deck high pressure hydrogen storage tank, its characterized in that, the storage tank include the jar body with set up in the tank seat of the jar body, the jar body have be used for holding high pressure hydrogen the inner tank and with the inner tank form interbedded outer jar, the intermediate layer intussuseption be filled with explosion suppression agent, outer jar be provided with explosion suppression agent import and explosion suppression agent export, the inner tank set up and be connected and lead to the hydrogen import and export outside the jar with outer jar.

2. the explosion-proof double-deck high pressure hydrogen storage tank of claim 1, characterized in that: the inner tank and the outer tank are connected through the tank seat.

3. The explosion-proof double-deck high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the tank body is a vertical cylindrical tank body, a horizontal cylindrical tank body or a spherical tank body.

4. The explosion-proof double-deck high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the tank body is a steel tank body, a glass fiber reinforced plastic tank body, a carbon fiber tank body or a high polymer material tank body.

5. The explosion-proof double-deck high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the hydrogen inlet and outlet are arranged to be isolated from the interlayer.

6. the explosion-proof double-deck high pressure hydrogen storage tank of claim 1, characterized in that: the explosion suppressant is water, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen safe utilization, and particularly relates to an explosion-proof double-layer high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

Background

With the over-exploitation and utilization of traditional fossil energy (petroleum and coal), reserves thereof are increasingly exhausted, and a series of serious environmental, ecological and social problems are caused. And the development and utilization of new alternative energy sources are important measures for solving the problems. Hydrogen is praised as an energy source in the future due to its characteristics of cleanliness (the reaction product is only water) and high efficiency. However, the safety of hydrogen utilization has been one of the major bottlenecks that restrict the development of hydrogen energy industry.

Hydrogen storage safety is a central issue throughout the various stages of hydrogen utilization, including production, storage, transportation and use. Domestic and foreign research shows that high-pressure hydrogen storage is the optimal choice from the viewpoint of economic benefit and energy utilization. However, since hydrogen has dangerous characteristics such as wide combustion limit, low ignition energy, fast flame propagation speed, hydrogen embrittlement, etc., once accidental leakage of high-pressure hydrogen occurs, fire and explosion accidents may be caused. In particular, a high pressure hydrogen leak can self-ignite and form a strong jet flame, even causing an explosion of the gas cloud, without the action of any external ignition source.

The existing storage tank structure is also mainly divided into a single-layer structure and a double-layer structure. Wherein, the single-layer structure is more widely used because of simple manufacture and low price. The double-layer structure storage tank mainly utilizes an interlayer (vacuumized or filled with materials) to realize the functions of heat preservation and heat insulation. Therefore, the urgent need of safely storing high-pressure hydrogen cannot be met no matter the structure is a single-layer or double-layer storage tank, and particularly, the accident of accidental leakage and explosion of the high-pressure hydrogen which may happen cannot be effectively controlled.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a double-layer high-pressure hydrogen storage tank which can effectively prevent high-pressure hydrogen from leaking and spontaneously combusting and inhibit gas cloud explosion.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

The utility model provides an explosion-proof double-deck high pressure hydrogen storage tank, the storage tank including the jar body with set up in the tank seat of the jar body, the jar body have be used for holding high pressure hydrogen the inner tank and with the inner tank form interbedded outer jar, the intermediate layer intussuseption be filled with explosion suppression agent, explosion suppression agent can be for water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas or other explosion suppression agent, preferred liquid water, compressed nitrogen gas, liquid nitrogen gas, compressed carbon dioxide, liquid carbon dioxide, or other explosion suppression agent, outer jar be provided with explosion suppression agent import and explosion suppression agent export, the inner tank set up and be connected with outer jar and lead to the hydrogen exit outside the jar.

Preferably, the inner tank and the outer tank are connected through the tank seat.

Preferably, the tank body is a steel tank body, a glass fiber reinforced plastic tank body, a carbon fiber tank body or a high polymer material tank body.

Preferably, the tank body is a vertical cylindrical tank body, a horizontal cylindrical tank body or a spherical tank body.

Preferably, the hydrogen inlet and outlet are isolated from the interlayer.

The invention has the following technical effects:

The storage tank is particularly suitable for high-pressure hydrogen, and explosion suppressants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and the like are adopted for filling the interlayer of the storage tank for the first time. On the one hand, the hydrogen gas is strongly diffusible and may cause hydrogen embrittlement damage to the tank material, and on the other hand, the hydrogen gas tank may be damaged by accidental bumping, dropping or squeezing, which may cause leakage of the stored high-pressure hydrogen gas. When the inner tank is leaked, the hydrogen can be mixed with the filling materials (liquid water, compressed or liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other explosion suppressants) in the interlayer to form an inerted gas mixture, so that the explosion risk is obviously reduced. If the outer tank is subsequently also ruptured and leaks, the high-pressure gas mixture will not spontaneously ignite by leakage, significantly reducing the immediate hazard of a leakage event.

When the inner tank and the outer tank are damaged simultaneously and cause high-pressure hydrogen to leak, the filling materials (liquid water, compressed or liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other explosion suppressants) in the interlayer can leak together with the hydrogen, and the high-pressure hydrogen is prevented from leaking and spontaneously combusting through the double effects of physical inhibition and chemical kinetic inhibition.

The hydrogen leaked to the outside of the storage tank can obviously reduce the occurrence probability and destructive power of gas cloud explosion due to the physical and chemical explosion suppression effects of the media because of the mixed water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen or other explosion suppressants.

In the storage tank provided by the invention, the explosion suppressor is filled in the interlayer, such as water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and the initial pressure condition required by leakage and spontaneous combustion can be improved, so that the occurrence probability is greatly reduced; on the other hand, the overpressure generated by the gas cloud explosion can be obviously reduced, so that the destructive power of the explosion can be effectively weakened.

Therefore, the storage tank provided by the invention can effectively prevent spontaneous combustion caused by accidental leakage of high-pressure hydrogen and inhibit gas cloud explosion; and the structure is simple, and the economic advantage is obvious.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a horizontal cylindrical tank according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the vertical cylindrical tank according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a spherical storage tank according to the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures are:

1-outer pot

2-inner pot

3-sandwich

4-hydrogen inlet and outlet

5-explosion suppressant inlet

6-explosion suppressant outlet

7-tank base

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly describe the technical contents of the present invention, the following further description is given in conjunction with specific embodiments.

FIGS. 1 to 3 are schematic views of a horizontal cylindrical storage tank, a vertical cylindrical storage tank and a spherical storage tank, respectively. The tank body is of a double-layer structure and consists of an inner tank 2 and an outer tank 1, and the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 1 are connected into a whole through a tank seat 7; an interlayer 3 is formed between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 1, an explosion suppressant is filled in the interlayer 3, the explosion suppressant can be liquid water, compressed nitrogen, liquid nitrogen, compressed carbon dioxide, liquid carbon dioxide or other explosion suppressants, and the outer tank 1 is provided with an explosion suppressant inlet 5 and an explosion suppressant outlet 6 for filling or discharging explosion suppressant filler into the interlayer 3; the inner tank 2 is provided with a hydrogen inlet and outlet 4 which is connected with the outer tank 1 and communicated to the outside of the tank, wherein the pipeline of the hydrogen inlet and outlet 4 is isolated from the interlayer 3.

The filling materials in the interlayer of the storage tank are water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen or other explosion suppressants. Besides the gaseous inhibition effect, the liquid carbon dioxide and the nitrogen have the self low-temperature and phase-change heat absorption effect, so that the gas and environment temperature in the high-pressure hydrogen leakage process can be greatly reduced, and the high-pressure hydrogen leakage spontaneous combustion and the gas cloud explosion can be effectively prevented.

Parts of the invention not described in detail belong to the known technology in the field, and are not described herein again, and do not affect the implementation and complete implementation of the technical scheme of the invention.

The invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.