阅读说明：本技术 一种安全高效回收采空区不规则矿柱的***方法 (blasting method for safely and efficiently recovering irregular ore pillars in goaf ) 是由 赵中源 王兴峰 马国� 王丁 金明虎 冯强 宋欣睿 于 2019-08-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种安全高效回收采空区不规则矿柱的爆破方法,在空区上部的顶柱内挖出凿岩硐室,在凿岩硐室内向上布置中深孔；在凿岩硐室内打下向大直径集中炮孔群(1)确定抵抗线W1、W2、W3、W4；(2)确定集中炮孔群个数<I>x</I>；(3)确定深孔孔间距；(4)集中炮孔群个数<I>x</I>验证；(5)装药结构,深孔的布置方式为多边形,在W1、W2、W3、W4所对应的区段,采用炸药填充所对应的深孔数x,其余的深孔则采用填充物间隔；(6)炸药填充完毕后,启动爆破。有益效果：1)孔间距的减小可以提高对大抵抗线条件的矿柱爆破效果,避免大块率的产生。2)改变填充炸药的炮孔个数来调整抵抗线的大小,实现了不同抵抗线条件下的精确装药与爆破。(the invention provides a blasting method for safely and efficiently recovering irregular ore pillars in a goaf, wherein a drilling chamber is dug in a top pillar at the upper part of the goaf, and a medium-length hole is upwards arranged in the drilling chamber; drilling downward large-diameter centralized shot hole groups (1) in a drilling chamber to determine resistance lines W1, W2, W3 and W4; (2) determining the number of concentrated gun hole groups x (ii) a (3) Determining the distance between deep holes; (4) centralized number of gun hole groups x verifying; (5) the explosive charging structure is characterized in that the arrangement mode of the deep holes is polygonal, explosive is used for filling the number x of the corresponding deep holes in the sections corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4, and the rest deep holes are spaced by fillers; (6) and after the explosive is filled, starting blasting. Has the advantages that: 1) the reduction of the hole spacing can improve the blasting effect of the ore pillar under the condition of large resistance line and avoid the generation of large block rate. 2) The size of the resistance line is adjusted by changing the number of blast holes filled with explosives, so that the accuracy under different resistance line conditions is realizedCharging and blasting.)

1. a blasting method for safely and efficiently recovering irregular ore pillars in a goaf is characterized by comprising the following steps: digging a drilling chamber (1) in a top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, wherein the height of the drilling chamber (1) can meet the requirement of mounting deep-hole drilling equipment, a medium-length hole is upwards arranged in the drilling chamber (1) to recover the top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, and the aperture of the medium-length hole is 60 mm;

Drilling down a large-diameter centralized blast hole in a rock drilling chamber (1)the diameter of each blast hole is 165mm, and the concentrated blast holes are formed byxA diameter of each cluster isdthe concentrated blast hole group can be equivalently regarded as a big blast hole with the diameter D, and the equivalent diameter relation is as follows:；

(1) Determining lines of resistance

in order to improve the blasting effect, according to the space morphological characteristics of the ore pillar, from the analysis of the force characteristics of the ore pillar, the ore pillar can be divided into four parts from top to bottom, namely W1, W2, W3 and W4, wherein the resistance lines of W1 and W4 are larger;

(2) Determining the number of concentrated gun hole groupsx

The number x of the concentrated blast hole groups is determined by the maximum value of the resistance lines W1, W2, W3 and W4, and the determination method of x is as follows:

In the formula, W: resistance line, taking the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4, q: specific charge, d: the diameter of a deep hole blast hole;: the charge density;

(3) Determining deep hole spacing

the hole spacing of the deep holes (2) of the concentrated shot hole group is calculated and selected according to the diameter of the deep hole, and the hole spacing of the deep holes is 5 times of the diameter d of the deep hole;

(4) centralized number of gun hole groupsxAuthentication

In order to verify the number of centralized blast hole groupsxwhether the value is reasonable or not is judged, according to the blasting theory, the value of the resistance line is reasonable when the value range is W =20 ~ 30D, and the equivalent formula of the diameter of the blast hole is shown in the specificationthe equivalent diameter D of the blast hole can be calculated according to an empirical formula W =20 ~ 30DCalculating a reasonable resistance line value range, and if the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4 is in the reasonable resistance line range, indicating that the number of concentrated gun hole groups isxis reasonable;

(5) Powder charging structure

Centralized number of gun hole groupsxAfter the distance between the hole and the drill hole is determined, drilling a deep hole in the drilling chamber, wherein the arrangement mode of the deep hole is a polygon;

ByThe number of deep holes corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4 can be calculatedxFilling the corresponding deep holes with explosive in the sections corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4 by the number x, and spacing the rest deep holes by fillers;

(6) And after the explosive is filled, starting blasting.

Technical Field

the invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and relates to a goaf ore pillar recovery blasting method.

background

according to incomplete statistics, the unprocessed goafs of the national metal and nonmetal mines are planted up to 13 hundred million meters in the end of 2018 years, the goafs deteriorate normal mining operation conditions, threat safety production of mines, and the goafs become one of important hazard sources for underground mining of the metal and nonmetal mines in China. In recent years, the safety supervision bureau of China has issued a plurality of guiding documents for the goaf management, supervises and supervises that mine enterprises have to process the existing goaf, and creates a safe environment for the safety production of mines. When the goaf is treated, if residual ore pillars around the goaf can be recovered at the same time, the resource utilization rate is improved.

Because the dead zone receives reasons such as stress concentration, power disturbance for a long time, the rock mass around the dead zone has all taken place to destroy usually, and original mining tunnel lamp engineering has all taken place the collapse of certain degree, is difficult to reuse, and this makes the peripheral ore pillar of dead zone retrieve the degree of difficulty and increases.

At present, the maximum aperture adopted by underground mines in China is 165mm, the minimum resistance line of the underground mines is usually not more than 5m, the goaf is exposed for a long time and is influenced by various factors, surrounding rocks on the upper and lower walls of the goaf are damaged to a certain extent, the shape of the goaf is irregular, if a traditional deep hole blasting mode is adopted, the length of the minimum resistance line is complex and changeable, if a larger resistance line is used for blasting design, the small part of explosive of the resistance line is too much used, the explosive is excessively crushed and wasted, if a smaller resistance line is used for blasting design, the large part of the resistance line is incompletely blasted, the large block rate is higher, even the explosive cannot be blasted, and the waste of resources is caused.

disclosure of Invention

the invention provides a blasting method for recovering irregular ore pillars in a goaf, aiming at the problem that the recovery blasting effect of the ore pillars in the goaf is difficult to control.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: digging a drilling chamber in a top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, wherein the height of the drilling chamber can meet the requirement of mounting deep-hole drilling equipment, and arranging a medium-length hole upwards in the drilling chamber for recovering the top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, wherein the aperture of the medium-length hole is 60 mm;

Drilling a downward large-diameter centralized blast hole group in the drilling chamber, wherein the diameter of each blast hole is 165mm, and the centralized blast hole group consists ofxEach dense diameter isdThe concentrated blast hole group can be equivalently regarded as a big blast hole with the diameter D, and the equivalent diameter relation is as follows:；

(1) determining lines of resistance

In order to improve the blasting effect, according to the space morphological characteristics of the ore pillar, from the analysis of the force characteristics of the ore pillar, the change of the resistance line of the ore pillar from top to bottom can be divided into four parts, namely W1, W2, W3 and W4 (shown in figure 1), wherein the resistance lines of W1 and W4 are larger;

(2) Determining the number of concentrated gun hole groupsx

The number x of the concentrated blast hole groups is determined by the maximum value of the resistance lines W1, W2, W3 and W4, and the determination method of x is as follows:

In the formula, W: resistance line, taking the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4, q: d, specific consumption of explosive, and diameter of a deep hole blast hole;: the charge density;

(3) Determining deep hole spacing

Calculating and selecting the deep hole pitch of the concentrated shot hole group according to the diameter of the deep hole, wherein the deep hole pitch is 5 times of the diameter d of the deep hole;

(4) Centralized number of gun hole groupsxauthentication

To is coming toVerifying centralized gun hole group numberxwhether the value is reasonable or not is judged, according to the blasting theory, the value of the resistance line is reasonable when the value range is W =20 ~ 30D, and the equivalent formula of the diameter of the blast hole is shown in the specificationcalculating equivalent blast hole diameter D, calculating a reasonable resistance line value range according to an empirical formula W =20 ~ 30D, and if the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4 is in the reasonable resistance line range, indicating that the number of concentrated blast hole groups is in the reasonable resistance line rangexIs reasonable;

(5) Powder charging structure

Centralized number of gun hole groupsxAfter the distance between the hole and the drill hole is determined, drilling a deep hole in the drilling chamber, wherein the arrangement mode of the deep hole is a polygon, and the specific arrangement mode is shown in figure 2;

Bythe number of deep holes corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4 can be calculatedxFilling the corresponding deep holes with explosive in the sections corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4 by the number x, and spacing the rest deep holes by fillers;

(6) And after the explosive is filled, starting blasting.

the invention has the beneficial effects that 1) the concept of the dense blasting hole group is provided, deep hole blasting is adopted during traditional ore pillar recovery, the hole pitch of deep holes is 20 ~ 30 times the diameter of the deep hole, the hole diameter of the deep hole adopted at the present stage in China is 165mm, the hole pitch is 3.3 ~ 4.95m, and the hole pitch of the dense blasting hole group provided by the invention is 5 times the diameter of the deep hole, namely the hole pitch is 0.825 m.

2) The variable-resistance line charging structure under the condition of the dense blast hole group is provided, the size of the resistance line is adjusted by changing the number of the blast holes for filling explosives, the accurate charging and blasting under different resistance line conditions are realized, and the blasting effect of the ore pillar is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of deep holes.

1-drilling chamber, 2-deep hole, 3-pillar and 4-goaf.

Detailed Description

in order to avoid collapse of the goaf due to multiple blasting influences and worsening of the pillar recovery environment, pillars around the goaf are recovered in an overall collapse mode.

Digging a drilling chamber 1 in a top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, wherein the height of the drilling chamber 1 can meet the installation requirement of deep hole drilling equipment, namely, a medium-length hole is upwards arranged in the drilling chamber 1 to recover the top pillar at the upper part of the dead zone, and the aperture of the medium-length hole is 60 mm;

A large-diameter centralized blast hole group is drilled in the rock drilling chamber 1, the diameter of each blast hole is 165mm, and the centralized blast hole group consists ofxEach dense diameter isdthe concentrated blast hole group can be equivalently regarded as a big blast hole with the diameter D, and the equivalent diameter relation is as follows:；

(1) determining lines of resistance

In order to improve the blasting effect, according to the space morphological characteristics of the ore pillar, from the analysis of the force characteristics of the ore pillar, the change of the resistance line of the ore pillar from top to bottom can be divided into four parts, namely W1, W2, W3 and W4 (shown in figure 1), wherein the resistance lines of W1 and W4 are larger;

(2) Determining the number of concentrated gun hole groupsx

The number x of the concentrated blast hole groups is determined by the maximum value of the resistance lines W1, W2, W3 and W4, and the determination method of x is as follows:

In the formula, W: resistance line, taking the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4, q: d, specific consumption of explosive, and diameter of a deep hole blast hole;: the charge density;

(3) Determining deep hole spacing

The hole spacing of the deep holes (2) of the concentrated shot hole group is calculated and selected according to the diameter of the deep hole, and the hole spacing of the deep holes is 5 times of the diameter d of the deep hole;

(4) Centralized number of gun hole groupsxAuthentication

in order to verify the number of centralized blast hole groupsxwhether the value is reasonable or not is judged, according to the blasting theory, the value of the resistance line is reasonable when the value range is W =20 ~ 30D, and the equivalent formula of the diameter of the blast hole is shown in the specificationcalculating equivalent blast hole diameter D, calculating a reasonable resistance line value range according to an empirical formula W =20 ~ 30D, and if the maximum value of W1, W2, W3 and W4 is in the reasonable resistance line range, indicating that the number of concentrated blast hole groups is in the reasonable resistance line rangexis reasonable;

(5) powder charging structure

Centralized number of gun hole groupsxafter the distance between the blast holes and the hole is determined, drilling deep holes in the drilling chamber, wherein the arrangement mode of the deep holes is a polygon, and the specific arrangement mode is shown in figure 2, and comprises an arrangement mode of 4 blast holes and an arrangement mode of 5 blast holes;

byThe number of deep holes corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4 can be calculatedxfilling the corresponding deep holes with explosive in the sections corresponding to W1, W2, W3 and W4 by the number x, and spacing the rest deep holes by fillers;

(6) And after the explosive is filled, starting blasting.