阅读说明：本技术 一种鉴别花牛苹果与美国蛇果的方法 (Method for identifying apple of boswellia sorethri and American snake fruit ) 是由 李安 潘立刚 靳欣欣 赵杰 于 2019-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种鉴别花牛苹果与美国蛇果的方法,包括,分别基于多份已知原产地的花牛苹果和美国蛇果样本测定其果汁中水的氢同位素比值δ<Sup>2</Sup>H和氧同位素比值δ<Sup>18</Sup>O,构建花牛苹果和美国蛇果的训练样本集,将待鉴别样本的果汁中水的氢同位素比值δ<Sup>2</Sup>H和氧同位素比值δ<Sup>18</Sup>O的实测值与训练样本集对比并鉴别种类。本发明根据水果果实水分的氢、氧同位素组成仅与其生长过程中水源的氢、氧同位素组成和产地气候环境相关的特点,能快速有效地鉴别区分花牛苹果和美国蛇果,有助于未知产地样本的真实性鉴别；本发明的方法在应用时仅需将待鉴别样本的氢同位素比值δ<Sup>2</Sup>H和氧同位素比值δ<Sup>18</Sup>O的实测值与训练样本集对比,操作简单,可行性良好,检测结果可靠。(The invention discloses a method for identifying apple and American snake fruit, which comprises the steps of determining the hydrogen isotope ratio delta of water in fruit juice of the apple and American snake fruit respectively based on a plurality of samples of the apple and the American snake fruit of the known origin 2 H and oxygen isotope ratio delta 18 O, constructing a training sample set of the apple of the Bonus malus and the American snake fruit, and determining the hydrogen isotope ratio delta of water in the juice of the sample to be identified 2 H and oxygen isotope ratio delta 18 And comparing the measured value of the O with a training sample set and identifying the type. According to the characteristics that the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of the fruit moisture is only related to the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of a water source in the growth process and the climatic environment of a producing area, the method can quickly and effectively identify and distinguish the apple of the bos taurus and the American snake fruit, and is beneficial to the authenticity identification of a sample of an unknown producing area; the method of the invention only needs to be applied to the hydrogen isotope ratio delta of the sample to be identified 2 H and oxygen isotope ratio delta 18 Measured value of O andAnd the training sample set is compared, so that the method is simple to operate, good in feasibility and reliable in detection result.)

1. A method for identifying apple and American snake fruit of Potentilla chinensis comprises determining hydrogen isotope ratio delta of water in fruit juice based on multiple samples of apple and American snake fruit of known origin²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸O, respectively constructing a training sample set of the apple of the Bonus malus and the snake fruit of the America, and comparing the hydrogen isotope ratio delta of water in the juice of the sample to be identified²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸And comparing the measured value of the O with a training sample set and identifying the type.

2. the method of claim 1, wherein constructing a training sample set of Bonus malus comprises, for a plurality of copies, identifying Bonus malus domestica from the American snake fruitIt is known that the hydrogen isotope ratio δ of water in juice of malus sieboldii in the origin is²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸Performing normal distribution test on the apples, and if the apples are in accordance with the normal distribution, using the multiple boswellia apples in the known origin places to construct a training sample set of the boswellia apples; the training sample set for constructing the American snake fruit comprises the hydrogen isotope ratio delta of water in a plurality of American snake fruit juices with known origins²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸And (4) respectively carrying out normal distribution test, and if the normal distribution is met, using the multiple American snakes of the known origin places to construct a training sample set of the American snakes.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the fitting to a normal distribution is performed such that the K-S test value is greater than 0.05.

4. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein the constructing of the training sample set of Bonus malus domestica further comprises subjecting the normal distribution-fitting samples to a hydrogen isotope ratio δ²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸Performing O bivariate correlation test, wherein if significant correlation exists, the multiple boswellia fruits in the known origin places can be used for constructing a training sample set of the boswellia fruits; the training sample set for constructing the American snake fruits further comprises the step of carrying out hydrogen isotope ratio delta on the samples which conform to normal distribution²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸And (4) performing an O bivariate correlation test, wherein if significant correlation exists, the multiple American snakes with known origins can be used for constructing a training sample set of the American snakes.

5. The method of identifying apple and snake fruits according to claim 4, wherein said significant correlation is in particular a Pearson correlation probability test value of less than 0.05.

6. The method of claim 1 for identifying Bonus malus domestica from American snake fruit,The comparison and identification of the species is specifically based on the hydrogen isotope ratio delta of the sample to be identified and the training sample set²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸And O, performing comparative analysis and judgment on the sample mean vectors of the sample to be identified and the training sample set by adopting a binary mean hypothesis testing method.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the binary mean hypothesis test is performed by comparing the hydrogen isotope ratio δ to the American snake fruit²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸O as a dependent variable, a categorical variable as a fixed factor, if Hotelling T²And if the check value is greater than 0.05, the sample to be identified belongs to the category corresponding to the training sample set.

8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the number of samples in the training sample set is equal to or greater than 30.

9. The method for identifying apple and snake fruits according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said determination of hydrogen isotope ratio δ²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸And O, correcting the measurement result by using a water isotope standard substance.

10. The method of identifying Bonus malus and American snake fruit as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the origins of the samples of Bonus malus and American snake fruit are Tianshui city, Gansu province and Washington, USA, respectively.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of food authenticity detection and inspection, in particular to a method for identifying malus huashanensis apples and American snake fruits.

Background

The Huaniu apple is a special product in Tianshui city in Gansu province in China, belongs to marshal family apple, is conical in fruit shape, bright red in peel and yellowish white in pulp, and is brand of three famous apples in the world famous with American snake fruit and Japanese Fuji; american snake fruits are produced in western regions of the United states, belong to marshal family apples, and are similar to apple-flower apples in fruit type, peel and pulp color, wherein the American snake fruits are most famous in Washington and occupy most of markets of imported snake fruits in China.

Because of the factors of standardized production, quality grading, brand premium and the like of imported fruits, the price of the imported fruits is often higher than that of domestic fruits, and for example, the price of American snake fruits in the domestic market is about 2-3 times that of apple of a cow. In order to pursue illegal economic benefits, the phenomenon that the apple of the flower cattle is assumed as the American snake fruit occurs on the market, so that the rights and interests of consumers are damaged, and the normal market order is disturbed. Therefore, a reliable and effective technical means for identifying the apple and the American snake fruit of the boswellia serrata is needed to strengthen the market regulatory ability of the government.

At present, the identification of the apple of the malus domestica and the snake fruit of the usa is mainly carried out by appearance identification, quality identification and near infrared spectroscopy. However, the appearance of the apple of the malus domestica is very similar to that of the American snake fruit, and the misjudgment rate is high through visual observation; the quality of the fruits is related to the water and fertilizer management of the orchard and the climate conditions of planting, the difference between the years is large, and the quality identification is difficult to ensure high accuracy; although the near infrared spectroscopy has the characteristics of no damage and quick detection, the modeling difficulty is high, and particularly for fruit samples, the distinguishing capability is easily interfered by factors such as the acquisition position of spectral information, the fruit maturity and the like.

The stable isotope fingerprint analysis technology is one of the technologies with application prospects in the field of food authenticity identification at present, and has the advantages of no need of numerous variables, strong traceability, few interference factors and the like. Therefore, the key technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field is to improve the discrimination capability by reasonably utilizing the stable isotope fingerprint analysis technology and researching and developing a method for discriminating the apple of boswellia serrata from the American snake fruit.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for identifying apple and American snake fruit.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A method for identifying apple and American snake fruit comprises determining hydrogen isotope ratio delta of water in fruit juice based on multiple samples of apple and American snake fruit of known origin²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸O, respectively constructing a training sample set of the apple of the Bonus malus and the snake fruit of the America, and comparing the hydrogen isotope ratio delta of water in the juice of the sample to be identified²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸And comparing the measured value of the O with a training sample set and identifying the type.

In detail, the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of the fruit moisture is only related to the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of the water source in the growth process. Fruit moisture comes from atmospheric precipitation, underground water (irrigation) and the like, and because the water evaporation and condensation processes have obvious hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation, the hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of regional environmental water bodies in different climatic environments have obvious difference, and the latitude effect, the continental effect, the seasonal effect and the altitude effect are displayed generally. Although the Tianshui city in Gansu province of China and the Washington State in America belong to the northern hemisphere and have similar air temperature, the latitudes of two places are different by about 13 degrees, the distances from the two places to the coast are obviously different, and the rainfall difference is also very obvious, so that the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of fruit products of the two places has obvious difference. Therefore, the method has the advantages of feasibility and reliability by distinguishing the marshal apple (the malus sieboldii and the American snake fruit) by using the difference of the water content, hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of the fruits.

In detail, the hydrogen isotope ratio delta of water in the fruit juice is measured²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸Specifically, the collected sample is sequentially subjected to stem removal, denucleation and crushing treatment to obtain a homogenate sample; taking a homogenate sample into a sample bottle, filling quartz wool into the sample bottle, placing the sample bottle into a sample groove of a plant water vacuum extraction device, extracting for 3h at 120 ℃, and transferring the water sample obtained by extraction into a sample tankIn a sample vial; and (3) utilizing an element analyzer-stable isotope mass spectrometer to measure the hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio of the water sample in the sample injection vial.

In the above technical solution, the training sample set for constructing the malus sieboldii includes a hydrogen isotope ratio δ of water in the juice of a plurality of known places of origin malus sieboldii²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸Performing normal distribution test on the apples, and if the apples are in accordance with the normal distribution, using the multiple boswellia apples in the known origin places to construct a training sample set of the boswellia apples; the training sample set for constructing the American snake fruit comprises the hydrogen isotope ratio delta of water in a plurality of American snake fruit juices with known origins²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸And (4) respectively carrying out normal distribution test, and if the normal distribution is met, using the multiple American snakes of the known origin places to construct a training sample set of the American snakes.

Specifically, in the above technical solution, the fitting to normal distribution is specifically that the K-S test value is greater than 0.05.

Further, in the above technical solution, the constructing of the training sample set of the apple of boswellia, further includes performing hydrogen isotope ratio δ on the sample conforming to normal distribution²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸Performing O bivariate correlation test, wherein if significant correlation exists, the multiple boswellia fruits in the known origin places can be used for constructing a training sample set of the boswellia fruits; the training sample set for constructing the American snake fruits further comprises the step of carrying out hydrogen isotope ratio delta on the samples which conform to normal distribution²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸And (4) performing an O bivariate correlation test, wherein if significant correlation exists, the multiple American snakes with known origins can be used for constructing a training sample set of the American snakes.

Specifically, in the above technical solution, the significant correlation specifically is that a Pearson correlation probability test value is less than 0.05.

In detail, the normal distribution test and the bivariate correlation test are both analyzed by using SPSS software.

In the above technical solution, the comparing and identifying the type is based onHydrogen isotope ratio delta of sample to be identified and training sample set²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸And O, performing comparative analysis and judgment on the sample mean vectors of the sample to be identified and the training sample set by adopting a binary mean hypothesis testing method.

Specifically, in the above technical solution, the binary mean hypothesis testing method specifically includes determining a hydrogen isotope ratio δ²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸O as a dependent variable, a categorical variable as a fixed factor, if Hotelling T²And if the check value is greater than 0.05, the sample to be identified belongs to the category corresponding to the training sample set.

Still further, in the above technical solution, the number of samples of the training sample set is greater than 30.

Still further, in the above technical solution, the hydrogen isotope ratio δ is determined²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸And O, correcting the measurement result by using a water isotope standard substance.

Still further, in the above technical solution, the origins of the boswellia serrata apple and the american snake fruit sample are, respectively, the city of tianshui, kansu province and the state of washington.

The invention has the following advantages:

(1) According to the characteristics that the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of the fruit moisture is only related to the hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of a water source in the growth process and the climatic environment of a producing area, the method can quickly and effectively distinguish the apple of the bos taurus and the American snake fruit, and is beneficial to the authenticity identification of a sample to be identified of an unknown variety;

(2) The invention constructs a training sample set of the apple of boswellia and the American snake fruit based on the sample information of the apple of boswellia and the American snake fruit in a plurality of known origins, and only the hydrogen isotope ratio delta of the sample to be identified is needed to be used²H and oxygen isotope ratio delta¹⁸And the measured value of O is compared with the training sample set, so that the method is simple to operate, good in detection feasibility and reliable in detection result.

drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying Bonus malus domestica and American snake fruit in the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and the examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims.

Unless otherwise specified, the test reagents and materials used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available; unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples of the present invention are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.