阅读说明：本技术 一种油用牡丹简易大田育苗方法 (Simple field seedling method for oil peonies ) 是由 王仲伟 汤诗杰 张文献 于 2018-06-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种油用牡丹简易大田育苗方法,该方法包括种子收集与处理、苗床准备、播种育苗和播后管理等步骤。与现有方法相比,本技术有效地打破了种子休眠,具有操作简单、出苗率高、育苗成本低等优点。(The invention discloses a simple field seedling method for oil peonies. Compared with the prior art, the technology effectively breaks through seed dormancy, and has the advantages of simple operation, high emergence rate, low seedling raising cost and the like.)

1. A simple field seedling method for oil peonies comprises the steps of seed collection and treatment, seedbed preparation, sowing and seedling raising, management after sowing and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:

1) Seed collection and treatment: selecting a proper time to collect the fruit pods according to the mature conditions of the seeds (the fruit pods are dark yellow) from late 7 th to middle 8 th of each year, airing the fruit pods in a cool and ventilated place after the fruit pods are collected, turning over the fruit pods to avoid heating, removing impurities and shriveled seeds by using water separation after the seeds naturally fall out of the fruit pods, and disinfecting the seeds by combining the water separation;

2) Preparing a seedbed: selecting neutral sandy soil with deep and fertile soil layer, drying and sunny exposure and good drainage, deep ploughing, tedding and weeding, and adding base fertilizer and pesticide;

3) Sowing and seedling raising: treating the seeds treated in the step S2 with a growth regulator, sowing the seeds into a seedbed in a mechanical drilling mode, and keeping the seedbed moist until the seeds germinate;

4) Managing after broadcasting: weeding, thinning, topdressing, irrigating and disease control in time.

2. The simple field seedling method of oil peonies according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the disinfectant used for disinfecting the seeds in the step 1) is 500 times of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder, and the seeds are soaked for 48 hours.

3. The simple field seedling method of oil peonies according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 2) cultivation depth of 40cm, application of 200kg/667m before plowing²the compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and 1kg of insecticide is added at the same time.

4. The simple field seedling method of oil peonies according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the seeds sterilized in the step 3) adopt 300mg/L Gibberellin (GA)₃) The treatment was carried out for 24 hours.

5. The simple field seedling method of oil peonies according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and 4) intermediate seedlings are planted between 9 months and 10 months, and the yield of seedlings is preferably 6 ten thousand plants per mu.

6. The simple field seedling method of oil peonies according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and 4) topdressing is carried out by combining watering after the leaves of the seedlings are unfolded in spring, and 75kg of compound fertilizer can be applied in dry way per mu in autumn.

7. the simple field seedling method of oil peonies according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that: the peony seeds for oil are the seeds of Paeonia ostii.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant seedling culture, and relates to a simple field seedling culture method for oil peonies.

Background

The peony for oil is widely distributed in Gansu, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, etc. The oil peony is drought-resistant, barren-resistant and high-cold-resistant, and is suitable for growing in large-area drought-barren areas and hilly mountain areas which are not suitable for mechanized operation in China. Peony flower for oil can be used for appreciation, and root (cortex moutan) is also a traditional Chinese medicinal material. In recent years, researches show that peony seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, wherein the linoleic acid and the linolenic acid are essential substances for cell composition, precursor substances of DHA and EPA, cannot be synthesized in human bodies, and have a plurality of physiological functions of enhancing intelligence, improving memory, preventing myocardial infarction, reducing blood fat, promoting insulin secretion and the like. Peony seed oil is approved by original Ministry of health in 3 months in 2011 as a new resource food, so oil peony has become a unique oil plant resource integrating appreciation, oil use and medicine. Compared with other oil crops, the peony for oil has the outstanding characteristics of three highs and one lowness: high yield (the comprehensive benefit per mu can reach ten thousand yuan), high oil content (the oil content of seeds is 22%), high quality (the content of unsaturated fatty acid is more than 90%), low cost (being suitable for afforestation and planting under forests on barren mountains; one hundred years of harvest in one year, low cost). Due to the influence of factors such as population growth, economic development, agricultural product consumption structure change and the like, the demand of domestic vegetable oil markets is rapidly increased, and the requirements on quality are continuously improved. Therefore, the development of the peony for oil has great significance for improving the quality of edible oil for residents in China, improving the use efficiency of forest lands and increasing the economic income of farmers. At present, the oil peonies are mainly propagated through seeds, although some researches provide a treatment method for oil peonies seed germination at the laboratory level, the operation is complex for actual production, and therefore, the research of a simple novel technical and novel method for sowing and seedling raising is of great practical significance to the popularization and industrial development of the oil peonies.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a simple field seedling method for oil peonies, and the method has the advantages of easy seed treatment operation, high emergence rate and low seedling cost.

The invention is realized by the following scheme:

1) seed collection and treatment: and (3) selecting proper time to collect the fruit pods according to the seed maturity conditions (deep yellow of the fruit pods) from 7 late to 8 middle of the month every year, placing the collected fruit pods in a cool and ventilated place to dry, turning over the fruit pods with attention to avoid heating, and waiting for the seeds to naturally fall out of the fruit pods. Removing impurities and shriveled seeds by water separation, and disinfecting the seeds by combining the water separation;

2) Preparing a seedbed: selecting neutral sandy soil with deep and fertile soil layer, drying and sunny exposure and good drainage, deep ploughing, tedding and weeding, and adding base fertilizer and pesticide;

3) Sowing and seedling raising: treating the seeds treated in the step S2 with a growth regulator, sowing the seeds into a seedbed in a mechanical drilling mode, and keeping the seedbed moist until the seeds germinate;

4) Managing after broadcasting: weeding, thinning, topdressing, irrigating and disease control in time.

The method for simply growing seedlings of oil peonies in the field comprises the step 1), wherein a disinfectant used for disinfecting seeds is 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, and the seeds are soaked for 48 hours.

the simple field seedling method of the oil peony is provided, whereinstep 2) cultivation depth of 40cm, application of 200kg/667m before plowing²The compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and 1kg of insecticide is added at the same time. And (3) making a bed 7 days before sowing, wherein a high bed is adopted, the ground surface of the soil crumbs is flat, the height of the seedbed is 0.4m, the width of the seedbed is 1.2m, and the width of the footpath is 0.4 m.

The simple field seedling method of oil peony is characterized in that 300mg/L Gibberellin (GA) is adopted as the disinfected seeds in the step 3)₃) The treatment was carried out for 24 hours. The row spacing of drill seeding is 30cm, the depth of the furrow is 10cm, the soil is covered for 5cm after seeding, and the seed consumption is 75kg/667m²。

The simple field seedling method for the oil peonies is characterized in that weeding in the step 4) follows the principle of 'early weeding and small weeding', thinning is carried out within 9-10 months, and the yield of seedlings is preferably 6 ten thousand plants per mu. And (3) topdressing is carried out by combining watering after the leaves of the seedlings are unfolded in spring, and 75kg of compound fertilizer can be applied in dry way per mu in autumn. And (5) irrigating to ensure that the water content of the seedbed soil is 60 percent.

furthermore, the method for simply growing the seedlings of the oil peonies in the field is as described above, wherein the seeds of the oil peonies are the seeds of Paeonia ostii peonies Paeonia ostii.

the invention has the advantages that: the method is simple to operate, improves rooting rate compared with common field direct seeding seedling raising and hair growing, effectively relieves seed dormancy, improves emergence rate and emergence uniformity, reduces seedling raising cost, and has wide application prospect.

Detailed Description

The following examples further describe the specific implementation process of the present invention by taking the sowing and seedling raising of paeonia ostii as an example.

A simple field seedling method for oil peonies comprises the following steps.

1) Seed collection and treatment: and (3) selecting proper time to collect the fruit pods according to the seed maturity conditions (deep yellow of the fruit pods) from 7 late to 8 middle of the month every year, placing the collected fruit pods in a cool and ventilated place to dry, turning over the fruit pods with attention to avoid heating, and waiting for the seeds to naturally fall out of the fruit pods. And (4) immersing the seeds in water to remove the floating bad seeds. And (4) soaking the remained fine seeds in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 48 hours for disinfection.

2）Preparing a seedbed: the depth of cultivation is 40cm, 200kg/667m is applied before plowing²The compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and 1kg of insecticide is added at the same time. And (3) making a bed 7 days before sowing, wherein a high bed is adopted, the ground surface of the soil crumbs is flat, the height of the seedbed is 0.4m, the width of the seedbed is 1.2m, and the width of the footpath is 0.4 m.

3) Sowing and seedling raising: the sterilized seed is 300mg/L Gibberellin (GA)₃) The treatment released dormancy for 24 hours. The row spacing of drill seeding is 30cm, the depth of the furrow is 10cm, the soil is covered for 5cm after seeding, and the seed consumption is 75kg/667m²。

4) Managing after broadcasting: weeding follows the principle of 'hoeing early and hoeing small', thinning is carried out between 9 months and 10 months, and the yield of seedlings is preferably 6 ten thousand plants per mu. And (3) topdressing is carried out by combining watering after the leaves of the seedlings are unfolded in spring, and 75kg of compound fertilizer can be applied in dry way per mu in autumn. And (5) irrigating to ensure that the water content of the seedbed soil is 60 percent.