阅读说明：本技术 一种高产罗汉果规模化种植的方法 (Method for large-scale planting of high-yield momordica grosvenori ) 是由 粟月萍 胡婷婷 谢积鉴 钟雪梅 玉泉 陈怡玲 陈金平 李�荣 卢琳玲 于 2019-10-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种高产罗汉果规模化种植的方法,其包括如下步骤：选地及整地、炼苗、种植、水肥管理、授粉、田间管理等。本发明结合各处理的上棚时间、开花和果实成熟时间,从种植至上棚、开花、结果的时间逐渐缩短,同时幼苗死苗率开始降低,裂果率降低,提高罗汉果的平均株产。同时,本发明通过对罗汉果组培苗开展高产栽培技术研究,确定适宜的种植时间、移栽方式、授粉时间以及花粉的有效活性时间,为罗汉果高产栽培规模化种植奠定了基础。(the invention provides a method for planting high-yield momordica grosvenori on a large scale, which comprises the following steps: selecting land, preparing land, hardening off seedlings, planting, managing water and fertilizer, pollinating, managing in the field and the like. The invention combines the shed-setting time, the flowering time and the fruit ripening time of each treatment, the time for planting to shed, flowering and fruiting is gradually shortened, the seedling death rate begins to be reduced, the fruit cracking rate is reduced, and the average plant yield of the momordica grosvenori is improved. Meanwhile, the invention determines the appropriate planting time, transplanting mode, pollination time and effective activity time of pollen by carrying out high-yield cultivation technical research on the tissue culture seedlings of the momordica grosvenori, thereby laying a foundation for the high-yield cultivation and large-scale planting of the momordica grosvenori.)

1. A method for large-scale planting of high-yield momordica grosvenori is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) land selection and preparation: selecting a plot with sufficient illumination, average day illumination of more than 10 hours, day and night temperature difference of more than 10 ℃ and soil pH value of 5.8-6.8 as a planting plot; cleaning sundries on a planting land, ploughing, spraying lime sulphur, and applying a base fertilizer;

2) Hardening seedlings: transferring the plantlets into a greenhouse for cultivation for 20-30 days, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃, and applying 1 time of retted bran fertilizer or 1% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer every 3-5 days;

3) Planting: the planting time is between the first ten days of 4 months and the middle ten days of 6 months, the siraitia grosvenorii seedlings are removed from the nutrition cups and are planted together with the nutrition soil, the planting density is 100-110 plants per mu, and the row spacing is (1-1.1) m multiplied by 5.5 m;

4) And (3) water and fertilizer management: applying a first water fertilizer 7-10 days after the siraitia grosvenorii seedlings are planted, spraying the water fertilizer 9-11 cm away from the siraitia grosvenorii seedling bases, applying the water fertilizer every 8 days later and gradually keeping away from the bases of the siraitia grosvenorii seedlings, and stopping applying the water fertilizer when the siraitia grosvenorii seedlings grow 1-1.2 m long;

5) pollination: the method is carried out in the early stage of the full-bloom period of the plant, and male flowers bloom at the early 6: 30-7: and (3) packaging the flowers by using a preservative film, storing the flowers in a refrigerator at 5-10 ℃, and after the flowers bloom, storing the flowers in a refrigerator at a temperature of 9: 00-17: 00, pollinating every 2-3 hours;

6) Field management: and performing water management, fertilizer management and pest control during planting.

2. the method for large-scale planting of high-yield momordica grosvenori in claim 1, wherein the seedling hardening in the step 2) comprises the following steps: and transferring the small seedlings from the small nutrition bowls to the big bowls, continuously culturing in the greenhouse for 25-27 days, controlling the temperature to be 27-29 ℃, and applying 1 retting bran fertilizer or 1% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer every 4 days.

3. the method for large-scale planting of high-yield siraitia grosvenorii as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the planting time is 4 days in the middle of the month.

4. The method for large-scale planting of high-yield momordica grosvenori in the step 3) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting density is 103-107 plants per mu, and the row spacing is 1.05m x 5.5 m.

5. the method for large-scale planting of high-yield momordica grosvenori in claim 1, wherein the step 4) further comprises the step of topping and vine straightening: and when the main vine grows to 0.9-1.1 m, topping, selecting thick lateral buds after new buds grow, re-culturing the thick lateral buds into the main vine, and continuing to grow, so that the time of greenhouse growing of the main vine is from 6 to 8.

6. The method for large-scale planting of high-yield momordica grosvenori in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the step of water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps: and (3) applying the first water fertilizer on the 8 th day after the siraitia grosvenori seedlings are planted, spraying the water fertilizer 10cm away from the siraitia grosvenori seedling bases, applying the water fertilizer every 8 days later and gradually keeping away from the siraitia grosvenori seedling bases, and stopping applying the water fertilizer when the siraitia grosvenori seedlings grow 1.1 m.

7. The method for large-scale planting of high-yield momordica grosvenori in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the picking time of the male flowers is 7: 00, and the preservation temperature is 7-8 ℃.

8. the method for large-scale planting of high-yield momordica grosvenori in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the pollination time of the female flowers is 10: 00-13: 00, pollination is carried out every 2.5 h.

9. the method for large-scale planting of high-yield momordica grosvenori in the step 6) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for controlling pests is as follows:

trapping and killing snails: adopting 7% by mass of metaldehyde granules, and uniformly spreading 500-600 g of metaldehyde granules per mu around the roots of the momordica grosvenori seedlings;

and (3) preventing and controlling noctuids: adopting 10000 IU/mu L of 650 times of bacillus thuringiensis liquid, spraying leaf backs, and spraying 20L-30L per mu.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plant planting, in particular to a method for planting high-yield momordica grosvenori on a large scale.

Background

The momordica grosvenori is a specific economic and medicinal plant in China, is also a traditional special product in Guangxi Guibei areas, and is a plant for both medicine and food. The mature fructus momordicae fruits are rich in mogroside, the average sweetness of the mature fructus momordicae fruits is 250-340 times that of cane sugar, and the mature fructus momordicae fruits are pure in sweetness and are natural sweeteners which are found to be closest to the flavor of cane sugar so far. The mogroside has low energy and low calorific value, does not directly participate in the sugar metabolism process in vivo, can keep the blood sugar level in vivo stable, simultaneously, the main active ingredient of the mogroside in the grosvenor momordica fruit can relieve cough, reduce phlegm, purge and protect liver, and recently, the mogroside also has the efficacies of preventing cancer and reducing blood fat. In recent years, mogroside serving as a functional natural sweetener with high sweetness and low calorie is widely applied to industries such as food, beverage, health-care food and the like. Therefore, the fructus momordicae industry has a good development prospect. However, the traditional planted tendril pressing potato seedlings are mixed in variety and easily infected with mosaic virus in a natural state, so that virus accumulation and germplasm are seriously degraded, the yield is very low, and the expansion production of the momordica grosvenori is severely restricted. In recent years, the application of tissue culture detoxified seedlings of momordica grosvenori can greatly improve the yield, and the large-scale and specialized production of momordica grosvenori becomes possible, but the requirements on environmental conditions and cultivation technology are far more strict than those of tendril-leaved sweetpotato seedlings, and the problems of easy occurrence of diseases after planting, high seedling death rate, slow shed-raising, slow fruiting, low fruiting rate and the like are very common, so that the tissue culture detoxified seedlings become another obstacle to the planting development of tissue culture seedlings. Therefore, the deep research on the cultivation conditions and cultivation techniques is the key to ensure high and stable yield.

The momordica grosvenori has unique requirements on the ecological environment, a plurality of momordica grosvenori in early stage are planted in mountain areas with the altitude of more than 500m, and the momordica grosvenori originally produced in forest lands of the mountain areas is introduced to the mountain for planting along with the development of the momordica grosvenori cultivation technology. According to the meteorological conditions for the growth of the momordica grosvenori, scientific and technical personnel strive to research and progress the introduction of the momordica grosvenori, the cultivation of tissue culture seedlings and related cultivation technologies, and the production of the momordica grosvenori is a new industry at present. The method of orthogonal test and the like is used for researching the dynamic change of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three-element nutrition of the plants of the momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings in different growth periods; the influences of the types of matrixes, the quality of bottle seedlings, the temperature and the humidity and the fertilization concentration on the transplanting survival rate and the growth of the tissue culture seedlings are researched by Panlima and the like. In the field of Momordica grosvenori cultivation technology, in recent years, researchers have studied the effect of using specific fertilizers such as silicon fertilizer and bacillus subtilis fertilizer on Momordica grosvenori in cultivation, and have also studied the effect of trace elements on the growth and development of Momordica grosvenori.

meanwhile, in recent years, the average yield of the momordica grosvenori is only 8000/mu, while the average yield of the momordica grosvenori planted on the flat ground is only 6000/mu, and the yield is reduced by more than 40 percent due to the severe influence of continuous high-temperature weather (more than 35 ℃) in 7-8 months as global climate warming becomes warm. The high-temperature weather not only shortens the maturation days of the momordica grosvenori, but also enables plants to be easily infected with mosaic virus diseases, thereby causing the problems of environmental pollution, higher chemical pesticide residue content of fresh fruits, poor quality of the fresh fruits and the like caused by the messy use of pesticides by farmers. A spring planting mode of one-year-two-harvest: the insect-proof net is added in the planting process, although the mosaic virus disease caused by juice contact after biting by insects as a medium is reduced to a certain extent, the insect-proof net is covered on the grosvenor momordica fruit shed frame, so that the planting cost of the grosvenor momordica fruit is increased, and the large-area popularization and application of the mode are limited.

at present, some reports are also provided on observation tests of the growth cycle, growth and development habits and ecological adaptability of the momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedling and researches on the growth of momordica grosvenori branches and tendrils by different cultivation modes, but the reports are provided for related researches on the influence of different planting time, different cultivation management modes and different pollination time of the tissue culture seedling on the fruit growth and the fruit growth. The invention researches the results and fruit growth of the momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings by optimizing the treatment of the momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings on planting time, transplanting mode, pollination time and the like, finds out the key technology of high-yield cultivation of the momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings, and provides reference for popularization and development of the momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings.

disclosure of Invention

the invention aims to: aiming at the problems of low yield of the momordica grosvenori and the like, a method for planting the momordica grosvenori with high yield in a large scale is provided. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

1) land selection and preparation: selecting a plot with sufficient illumination, average day illumination of more than 10 hours, day and night temperature difference of more than 10 ℃ and soil pH value of 5.8-6.8 as a planting plot; cleaning sundries on a planting land, ploughing, spraying lime sulphur, and applying a base fertilizer;

2) hardening seedlings: transferring the plantlets into a greenhouse for cultivation for 20-30 days, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃, and applying 1 time of retted bran fertilizer or 1% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer every 3-5 days;

3) Planting: the planting time is between the first ten days of 4 months and the middle ten days of 6 months, the siraitia grosvenorii seedlings are removed from the nutrition cups and are planted together with the nutrition soil, the planting density is 100-110 plants per mu, and the row spacing is (1-1.1) m multiplied by 5.5 m;

4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying a first water fertilizer 7-10 days after the siraitia grosvenorii seedlings are planted, spraying the water fertilizer 9-11 cm away from the siraitia grosvenorii seedling bases, applying the water fertilizer every 8 days later and gradually keeping away from the bases of the siraitia grosvenorii seedlings, and stopping applying the water fertilizer when the siraitia grosvenorii seedlings grow 1-1.2 m long;

5) Pollination: the method is carried out in the early stage of the full-bloom period of the plant, and male flowers bloom at the early 6: 30-7: and (3) packaging the flowers by using a preservative film, storing the flowers in a refrigerator at 5-10 ℃, and after the flowers bloom, storing the flowers in a refrigerator at a temperature of 9: 00-17: 00, pollinating every 2-3 hours;

6) field management: performing water management, fertilizer management and pest control during planting;

Preferably, the seedling exercising step in the step 2) is as follows: transferring the small seedlings from the small nutrition bowls to the big bowls, continuously culturing in a greenhouse for 25-27 days, controlling the temperature to be 27-29 ℃, and applying 1 retting bran fertilizer or 1% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer liquid fertilizer every 4 days;

Preferably, in the step 3), the planting time is 4 days in middle of the month;

preferably, in the step 3), the planting density is 103-107 plants per mu, and the row spacing of the plants is 1.05m × 5.5 m;

Preferably, in the step 4), a topping and vine-straightening step is further included: when the main vine grows to 0.9-1.1 m, topping, selecting thick lateral buds to cultivate the main vine again after new buds grow, and continuing to grow, so that the time of greenhouse growing of the main vine is from 6 to 8 months of the first ten days;

Preferably, in the step 4), the step of water and fertilizer management is as follows: applying a first water fertilizer on the 8 th day after the siraitia grosvenorii seedlings are planted, spraying the water fertilizer 10cm away from the siraitia grosvenorii seedling bases, applying the water fertilizer every 8 days later and gradually keeping away from the siraitia grosvenorii seedling bases, and stopping applying the water fertilizer when the siraitia grosvenorii seedlings grow 1.1 m;

Preferably, in the step 5), the picking time of the male flowers is 7: 00, the preservation temperature is 7-8 ℃;

Preferably, in the step 5), the pollination time of the female flowers is 10: 00-13: 00, pollinating every 2.5 hours;

Preferably, in the step 6), the specific method for controlling pests is as follows:

trapping and killing snails: adopting 7% by mass of metaldehyde granules, and uniformly spreading 500-600 g of metaldehyde granules per mu around the roots of the momordica grosvenori seedlings;

And (3) preventing and controlling noctuids: adopting 10000 IU/mu L of 650 times of bacillus thuringiensis liquid, spraying leaf backs, and spraying 20L-30L per mu.

in summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention overcomes the defects that the traditional grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedling has far stricter requirements on environmental conditions and cultivation techniques than the tendril-pressing potato seedling, is easy to cause diseases after being planted, has high seedling death rate, slow shed-raising speed, slow fruiting, low fruiting rate and the like, finds out the key technology for high-yield cultivation of the grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedling, and provides reference for popularization and development of the grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedling.

2. The invention combines the shed-setting time and the flowering and fruit ripening time of each treatment, shortens the time from planting to shed, flowering and fruit bearing, reduces the seedling death rate and the fruit cracking rate, and has high average plant yield of the planted fructus momordicae.

3. Before the grosvenor momordica fruit tissue culture seedlings are transplanted to a field, the small seedlings are transplanted to a large pot and cultivated in a greenhouse, so that the plants can be promoted to grow quickly, developed root systems are provided when the seedlings are transplanted to the field, and no obvious seedling revival stage exists after the transplantation, so that the seedlings can be put on the greenhouse, bud is developed, blossoms and fruits are bloomed and fruited, the tissue culture seedlings can adapt to the external environment after the transplantation, grow normally, are less in disease infection and convenient to manage, and the flowering stage is in the early stage of high temperature and drought, so that the influences on the growth and development of the fruits are small, the.

4. According to the invention, the research on the high-yield cultivation technology of the momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings is carried out, and the proper planting time, transplanting mode, pollination time and effective activity time of pollen are determined, so that a foundation is laid for the large-scale cultivation of the momordica grosvenori high-yield cultivation.

Detailed Description

In order that the invention may be more clearly expressed, the invention will now be further described by way of specific examples. The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.