阅读说明：本技术 一种运用高缓释性肥种植高抗病黄桃的方法 (method for planting high-disease-resistance yellow peaches by applying high slow-release fertilizer ) 是由 倪金明 王亚伟 王习敏 朱文生 程劲松 王少军 于 2019-10-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种运用高缓释性肥种植高抗病黄桃的方法,包括如下步骤,步骤一、选取种植地；步骤二、将黄桃嫁接苗放置在坑穴中；步骤三、施加高缓释性肥料；步骤四、抗病处理；当该高缓释性肥料作用于植物时,通过尿素和腐殖酸之间的络合力达到缓释效果,之后包膜上的生物炭粉末能够对尿素、硫酸铵等分解起到促进作用,使得肥料能够更快的发挥功效,解决了由于种植方法不一,受到种植方法的影响,使得黄桃在其他许多地方种植时成活率低,生长的速度慢,容易生病,产量较低,而且现有缓释性肥料作用于黄桃树时无法促使肥料迅速发挥作用,不能进一步提高黄桃生长速度的技术问题。(The invention discloses a method for planting high disease-resistant yellow peaches by using high slow release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps of selecting a planting field; placing the yellow peach grafted seedlings in the pits; step three, applying a high slow release fertilizer; step four, disease-resistant treatment; when the high slow-release fertilizer acts on plants, the slow-release effect is achieved through the complexing force between urea and humic acid, then the charcoal powder on the coating can play a role in promoting the decomposition of urea, ammonium sulfate and the like, so that the fertilizer can play a role more quickly, and the technical problems that the survival rate of yellow peaches is low when the yellow peaches are planted in other places due to different planting methods and the influence of the planting methods is avoided, the growth speed is low, diseases are easy to occur, the yield is low, the fertilizer cannot be rapidly played when the existing slow-release fertilizer acts on the yellow peaches, and the growth speed of the yellow peaches cannot be further improved are solved.)

1. a method for planting high disease-resistant yellow peaches by using high slow release fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Selecting neutral sandy soil as a planting field, digging a pit hole with the length, width and height of one meter respectively, placing the dug soil around the pit hole as backfill soil for later use, paving peach leaves with the thickness of 10-15cm at the bottom of the pit, and then stirring and mixing a high slow release fertilizer and fine soil and applying the mixture to the bottom of the pit;

Step two, soaking the roots of the grafted seedlings of the yellow peaches in the treatment solution for 1 hour, then placing the grafted seedlings of the yellow peaches in the pits, naturally stretching the roots, then adding backfill soil and watering, and controlling the planting density to be 80-120 plants/mu;

thirdly, digging an annular ditch with the depth of 30-40cm and the width of 50cm around the pit, applying high and slow release fertilizer and 1-2 years of young trees for 2 times, wherein the fertilizer is applied for 1 time respectively in the germination and growth prime stages and 1 time respectively before germination, before sclerosing and before fruit picking;

brushing the white trunks of the yellow peach trees before sprouting, adding lime-sulfur mixture liquid medicine with the Baume degree of 3-4, spraying 40% omethoate 800 times liquid in the growing period of the yellow peach trees before flowering and sprouting and leaf falling, spraying 1-2 times 20% metolachlor agent in 5 months with 1000 times liquid of fenitrothion emulsion.

2. The method for planting high disease resistance yellow peaches by using the high slow release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the high slow release fertilizer in the first step and the third step is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of humic acid, 15-20 parts of urea, 0.5-3.5 parts of sodium alginate, 3-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3-5 parts of calcium phosphate, 5-10 parts of modified chitosan solution and 0.5-1.5 parts of charcoal powder.

3. The method for planting high disease resistance yellow peaches by using the high slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the high slow release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:

(1) Mixing urea and humic acid, adding into deionized water, heating in a water bath at 75 ℃, and reacting for 5 hours to obtain a urea-humic acid complex; adding sodium alginate into deionized water to form a sodium alginate solution, performing magnetic stirring at a rotating speed of 140r/min, adding a urea-humic acid complex, and reacting for 30 min;

(2) Uniformly mixing ammonium sulfate and calcium phosphate powder, adding 10% dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH until the pH is 4.2, adding the mixture into glycerol, heating in a water bath at 60 ℃, magnetically stirring at the rotating speed of 120r/min, stirring for 30min, transferring the mixture into a vacuum drying oven at 90 ℃ for drying for 5h to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture with the urea-humic acid complex reacted in the step (1), and preparing the mixture into a sphere by a dropping-ball method to be used as an inner core;

(3) And mixing the modified chitosan solution with the charcoal powder to form a mixed solution, and spraying the mixed solution on the surface of the inner core under 0.5MPa to prepare the high-slow-release fertilizer.

4. the method for planting yellow peach with high disease resistance by using the high slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the modified chitosan solution is prepared by the following method:

Step S1, adding chitosan into 10% dilute hydrochloric acid solution, heating to 50 ℃, reacting for 1h at the temperature, then sequentially adding ammonium thiocyanate and chloroacetic acid, adding absolute ethyl alcohol after 10min, magnetically stirring for 2h at the rotating speed of 100r/min, and controlling the weight ratio of the chitosan to the 10% dilute hydrochloric acid solution to the ammonium thiocyanate to the chloroacetic acid to the absolute ethyl alcohol to be 1: 20: 2: 3;

And step S2, adding absolute ethyl alcohol after stirring, centrifuging for 3min at the rotating speed of 1200r/min, then extracting for 2h by a Soxhlet extractor in a refluxing manner, then adding the extracted product into deionized water to prepare the modified chitosan solution, and controlling the weight ratio of the product to the deionized water to be 1: 10.

5. the method for planting yellow peach with high disease resistance by using fertilizer with high slow release according to claim 1, wherein the treating solution in the second step is a root promoting solution, 350 times of liquid methyl mop-fluid and 600 times of chlorothalonil solution mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 0.5.

Technical Field

the invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting high-disease-resistant yellow peaches by applying a high slow-release fertilizer.

Background

Yellow peach is also called yellow peach, belongs to the genus peach of the family Rosaceae, and is named because the meat is yellow. The yellow peach is rich in nutrition, and contains rich antioxidants, dietary fibers, iron and calcium and various trace elements. Yellow peach is soft and hard, sweet and sour, fragrant, moderate in moisture and 14-15 degrees in mature sugar degree when eating. The peach fruit health-care tea has the effects of relaxing bowels, reducing blood sugar and blood fat, resisting free radicals, removing black spots, delaying senescence, improving immunity and the like after being eaten frequently, can also promote appetite, and is called health-care fruits and health-care peaches. However, the planting methods in many places are different, and due to the influence of the planting methods, the survival rate of the yellow peaches is low, the growth speed is slow, the yellow peaches are easy to get ill, and the yield is low when the yellow peaches are planted in other places.

The Chinese invention patent CN109168897A discloses a yellow peach planting method, which comprises the following steps: building a garden: selecting a sandy soil land with high organic matter content, loose soil texture and good drainage and building a garden in a place with convenient traffic; cutting and planting: selecting high-quality strong seedlings, properly pruning the excessively long roots to ensure that the root systems are fully sealed with the soil, uniformly irrigating water after planting and strengthening the seedlings for hilling; shaping and trimming: pruning the whole shape of the seedling; and (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: the method comprises the steps of soil management, water management and fertilization management; and (3) pest control: the prevention and treatment measures comprise agricultural prevention and treatment, physical prevention and treatment, biological prevention and treatment and chemical prevention and treatment, and various prevention and treatment measures are comprehensively applied at different periods to reduce various plant diseases and insect pests.

Disclosure of Invention

in order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a method for planting high-disease-resistant yellow peaches by applying a high slow-release fertilizer.

the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:

(1) Due to different planting methods and the influence of the planting methods, the survival rate of the yellow peaches is low when the yellow peaches are planted in other places, the growth speed is slow, the yellow peaches are easy to get ill, the yield is low, and the conventional slow-release fertilizer cannot promote the fertilizer to quickly play a role when the conventional slow-release fertilizer acts on the yellow peach trees, so that the growth speed of the yellow peaches cannot be further increased;

(2) in the preparation process of the existing core-film slow-release fertilizer, only a chitosan solution is sprayed on an inner core, and because chitosan can only adsorb some heavy metal ions such as copper ions, the charcoal powder and chitosan cannot form a stable system.

the purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

A method for planting high disease-resistant yellow peaches by using high slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:

selecting neutral sandy soil as a planting field, digging a pit hole with the length, width and height of one meter respectively, placing the dug soil around the pit hole as backfill soil for later use, paving peach leaves with the thickness of 10-15cm at the bottom of the pit, and then stirring and mixing a high slow release fertilizer and fine soil and applying the mixture to the bottom of the pit;

Step two, soaking the roots of the grafted seedlings of the yellow peaches in the treatment solution for 1 hour, then placing the grafted seedlings of the yellow peaches in the pits, naturally stretching the roots, then adding backfill soil and watering, and controlling the planting density to be 80-120 plants/mu;

thirdly, digging an annular ditch with the depth of 30-40cm and the width of 50cm around the pit, applying high and slow release fertilizer and 1-2 years of young trees for 2 times, wherein the fertilizer is applied for 1 time respectively in the germination and growth prime stages and 1 time respectively before germination, before sclerosing and before fruit picking;

brushing the white trunk of the yellow peach before the yellow peach tree sprouts, adding lime-sulfur mixture mixed liquor with the Baume degree of 3-4, spraying omethoate 800 times liquid with the mass fraction of 40% in the growth period of the yellow peach tree before the yellow peach tree blooms and sprouts to fall leaves, spraying 20% installments in the mass fraction of 1000 times liquid with cartap emulsion for 5 months, and spraying 20% installments in the mass fraction of 5 months.

Further, the medium-high slow release fertilizer in the first step and the third step is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of humic acid, 15-20 parts of urea, 0.5-3.5 parts of sodium alginate, 3-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3-5 parts of calcium phosphate, 5-10 parts of modified chitosan solution and 0.5-1.5 parts of charcoal powder.

Further, the high slow release fertilizer is prepared by the following method:

(1) mixing urea and humic acid, adding into deionized water, heating in a water bath at 75 ℃, and reacting for 5 hours to obtain a urea-humic acid complex; adding sodium alginate into deionized water to form a sodium alginate solution, performing magnetic stirring at a rotating speed of 140r/min, adding a urea-humic acid complex, and reacting for 30 min;

(2) uniformly mixing ammonium sulfate and calcium phosphate powder, adding dilute hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10% to adjust the pH until the pH is 4.2, adding the mixture into glycerol, heating in a water bath at 60 ℃, magnetically stirring at the rotating speed of 120r/min, stirring for 30min, transferring the mixture into a vacuum drying oven at 90 ℃ to dry for 5h to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture with the urea-humic acid complex reacted in the step (1), and preparing a ball by a dropping ball method to be used as an inner core;

(3) and mixing the modified chitosan solution with the charcoal powder to form a mixed solution, and spraying the mixed solution on the surface of the inner core under 0.5MPa to prepare the high-slow-release fertilizer.

Humic acid contains active groups such as alcoholic hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl, methoxyl and the like, urea and humic acid are mixed in step (1), carboxyl on the humic acid can react with the urea to form a urea-humic acid complex, urea decomposition can be inhibited, and urea conversion and absorption are promoted, ammonium sulfate and calcium phosphate powder are mixed to prepare a mixture in step (2), then the mixture is used as a core of the fertilizer together with the urea-humic acid complex, a modified chitosan solution and montmorillonite turbid liquid are sprayed on the surface of the core to form a coating layer in step (3), the prepared high slow-release fertilizer is a coating type slow-release fertilizer, the modified chitosan and the like are used as a coating, and the urea-humic acid complex and the ammonium sulfate and the like are used as a fertilizer core; when the high slow-release fertilizer acts on plants, the slow-release effect is achieved through the complexing force between urea and humic acid, and then the charcoal powder on the coating can play a role in promoting the decomposition of urea, ammonium sulfate and the like, so that the fertilizer can play a role more quickly.

Further, the modified chitosan solution is prepared by the following method:

step S1, adding chitosan into a dilute hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 10%, heating to 50 ℃, reacting for 1h at the temperature, then sequentially adding ammonium thiocyanate and chloroacetic acid, adding absolute ethyl alcohol after 10min, and magnetically stirring for 2h at the rotating speed of 100r/min, wherein the weight ratio of the chitosan to the dilute hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 10%, the ammonium thiocyanate, the chloroacetic acid and the absolute ethyl alcohol is controlled to be 1: 20: 2: 3;

And step S2, adding absolute ethyl alcohol after stirring, centrifuging for 3min at the rotating speed of 1200r/min, then extracting for 2h by a Soxhlet extractor in a refluxing manner, then adding the extracted product into deionized water to prepare the modified chitosan solution, and controlling the weight ratio of the product to the deionized water to be 1: 10.

chitosan contains a plurality of active functional groups such as hydroxyl, amino, glycosidic bond and the like, has stronger coordination adsorption capacity, but can only adsorb some heavy metal ions such as copper ions, etc., in step S1, chitosan is added into 10% dilute hydrochloric acid solution, dilute hydrochloric acid is strong electrolyte, the long chain of chitosan can be depolymerized into short chain, then ammonium thiocyanate and chloroacetic acid are added, the weight ratio of chitosan, ammonium thiocyanate and chloroacetic acid is controlled to be 1: 2: 3, on one hand, the reaction probability of the chitosan, ammonium thiocyanate and chloroacetic acid can be increased, on the other hand, the pH of the system can be prevented from being reduced and the reaction process is hindered due to overhigh content of chloroacetic acid, in step S2, the unreacted ammonium thiocyanate, chloroacetic acid and impurities generated by side reaction can be removed by reflux extraction for 2h with a Soxhlet extractor, finally, the prepared modified chitosan contains functional groups such as thiourea group and carboxyl group, a new functional group is introduced into the previous chitosan, so that adsorption sites on the chitosan are further increased, and the modified chitosan is endowed with stronger adsorption performance.

Further, the treating fluid in the second step is formed by mixing root promoting fluid, 350 times of methyl mop fluid and 600 times of chlorothalonil solution in a weight ratio of 1: 0.5.

the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention relates to a method for planting high disease-resistant yellow peaches by using a high slow release fertilizer, which applies the high slow release fertilizer in the planting process of the yellow peaches, in the preparation process of the fertilizer, in the step (1), urea and humic acid are mixed, carboxyl on the humic acid can react with the urea, and then a urea-humic acid complex can be formed, urea decomposition can be inhibited, and urea conversion and absorption can be promoted, ammonium sulfate and calcium phosphate powder are mixed to prepare a mixture in the step (2), then the mixture and the urea-humic acid complex are used as the inner core of the fertilizer, the modified chitosan solution and montmorillonite suspension are sprayed on the surface of the inner core to form a coating layer in the step (3), and the prepared high slow-release fertilizer is a coating type slow-release fertilizer, modified chitosan and the like are used as coating, and urea-humic acid complex, ammonium sulfate and the like are used as fertilizer cores; when the high slow-release fertilizer acts on plants, the slow-release effect is achieved through the complexing force between urea and humic acid, then the charcoal powder on the coating can play a role in promoting the decomposition of urea, ammonium sulfate and the like, so that the fertilizer can play a role more quickly, and the technical problems that the survival rate of yellow peaches is low when the yellow peaches are planted in other places due to different planting methods and the influence of the planting methods is solved, the growth speed is low, diseases are easy to occur, the yield is low, and the conventional slow-release fertilizer cannot promote the fertilizer to play a role quickly when acting on the yellow peaches, and the growth speed of the yellow peaches cannot be further improved are solved;

(2) The invention also provides a modified chitosan solution, in the preparation process, step S1 is to add chitosan into 10% dilute hydrochloric acid solution, dilute hydrochloric acid is strong electrolyte and can depolymerize chitosan long chain into short chain, then ammonium thiocyanate and chloroacetic acid are added, the weight ratio of chitosan, ammonium thiocyanate and chloroacetic acid is controlled to be 1: 2: 3, on one hand, the reaction probability of chitosan, ammonium thiocyanate and chloroacetic acid can be increased, on the other hand, the pH of the system can be prevented from being reduced and the reaction process can be prevented from being hindered due to overhigh content of chloroacetic acid, and the unreacted ammonium thiocyanate and chloroacetic acid and impurities generated by side reaction can be removed by reflux extraction for 2h with a Soxhlet extractor in step S2, finally the prepared modified chitosan contains functional groups such as thiourea group and carboxyl group, and the like, a new functional group is introduced into the previous chitosan, and the adsorption sites on the chitosan are further increased, and the modified chitosan and the charcoal powder are sprayed on the surface of the inner core of the fertilizer, the excellent adsorption performance of the modified chitosan can adsorb the charcoal powder, so that the inner core of the fertilizer can be wrapped more stably, the stability of the system is improved, and the technical problem that the existing core-film slow-release fertilizer cannot form a stable system due to the fact that the chitosan can only adsorb some heavy metal ions such as copper ions and the like only by spraying a chitosan solution on the inner core in the preparation process is solved.

Detailed Description

the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.