阅读说明：本技术 一种换热器及含有该换热器的脉管制冷机 (Heat exchanger and pulse tube refrigerator comprising same ) 是由 朱绍伟 于 2018-06-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种换热器及含有该换热器的脉管制冷机,换热器包括换热体,换热体的内部沿周向布设有多个扇形区,扇形区内设有多个相互平行的内翅片以及多个相互平行的换热器内流道。与现有技术相比,本发明通过将换热体的内部划分为多个扇形区,并使每个扇形区内的换热器内流道相互平行,保证从外侧到内侧的单位面积的气流通道总面积相同,解决了气体到达回热器时径向气流不均匀的问题；通过在换热体壁外侧沿轴向设置外翅片,并在集流器外侧分别设置进流槽、出流槽,使其与换热器外流道相连通,流体经进流槽均匀分布后轴向流动吸热,保证了氦气温度周向均匀,解决了因换热器轴向长度短难以布置轴向冷却,使回热器入口气体温度沿周向不均匀的问题。(The invention relates to a heat exchanger and a pulse tube refrigerator comprising the same. Compared with the prior art, the invention divides the interior of the heat exchange body into a plurality of sector areas, and makes the inner flow channels of the heat exchanger in each sector area parallel to each other, thereby ensuring that the total area of the airflow channels in unit area from the outer side to the inner side is the same, and solving the problem of uneven radial airflow when the gas reaches the heat regenerator; the outer fins are axially arranged on the outer side of the wall of the heat exchanger body, the inflow groove and the outflow groove are respectively arranged on the outer side of the current collector, the flow collector is communicated with an outer flow channel of the heat exchanger, and fluid absorbs heat after being uniformly distributed in the axial flow direction, so that the circumferential uniformity of helium temperature is ensured, and the problem that the temperature of gas at the inlet of the heat regenerator is non-uniform in the circumferential direction due to the fact that the axial cooling is difficult to arrange due to the short axial length of the heat exchanger.)

1. The heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange body (22) and is characterized in that a plurality of fan-shaped areas are distributed in the heat exchange body (22) along the circumferential direction, and a plurality of inner fins (223) which are parallel to each other and a plurality of inner flow channels (221) of the heat exchanger which are parallel to each other are arranged in each fan-shaped area.

2. a heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange body (22) comprises a ring-shaped heat exchange body wall (225), a plurality of inner fins (223) are circumferentially arranged on the inner side of the heat exchange body wall (225), a heat exchanger inner flow channel (221) is formed between two adjacent inner fins (223), two adjacent inner fins (223) are parallel to each other in each sector, and two adjacent heat exchanger inner flow channels (221) are parallel to each other.

3. A heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that the heat exchange body (22) has more than 3 sectors inside.

4. A heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein the heat exchange body (22) further comprises a plurality of outer fins (224) uniformly arranged on the outer side of the heat exchange body wall (225) along the circumferential direction, the outer fins (224) are arranged on the outer side of the heat exchange body wall (225) along the axial direction of the heat exchange body wall (225), and the heat exchanger outer flow channel (222) is formed between two adjacent outer fins (224).

5. A heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the heat exchanger further comprises a heat exchanger housing (21) and a current collector (23) arranged in the heat exchanger housing (21), the heat exchanger body (22) is arranged in the heat exchanger housing (21) and is located inside the current collector (23), and the outside of the current collector (23) is provided with the inflow groove (234) and the outflow groove (231).

6. A heat exchanger according to claim 5, wherein the heat exchanger outer flow passage (222) is provided with a heat exchanger outer flow passage inlet (222a) and a heat exchanger outer flow passage outlet (222b) at two ends thereof, the flow inlet groove (234) is communicated with the heat exchanger outer flow passage inlet (222a), the flow outlet groove (231) is communicated with the heat exchanger outer flow passage outlet (222b), and the fluid in the flow inlet groove (234) flows through the heat exchanger outer flow passage (222) in the axial direction through the heat exchanger outer flow passage inlet (222a) and then flows into the flow outlet groove (231) through the heat exchanger outer flow passage outlet (222 b).

7. a pulse tube refrigerator, characterized in that it comprises a heat exchanger (20), the heat exchanger (20) being a heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 7, further comprising a driving part (1112), a phase modulator, and a cold head (200) respectively communicating with the driving part (1112) and the phase modulator.

9. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 7, wherein the phase modulator is a push piston unit (12), an inertance tube or an air reservoir phase modulator.

10. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 9, wherein the push piston unit (12) comprises a push piston cylinder (122) and a push piston (123) movably arranged in the push piston cylinder (122), and a push piston front cavity (121) and a push piston back cavity (125) are respectively formed between two ends of the push piston (123) and the push piston cylinder (122).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse tube refrigerators, and relates to a heat exchanger and a pulse tube refrigerator comprising the same.

Background

In a regenerative refrigerator (such as a Stirling refrigerator and a pulse tube refrigerator), a working medium is generally helium, a heat exchanger generally uses a copper column as a heat exchange body, a wire cutting machine is used for cutting a groove in the copper column, the rest part between the groove and the groove forms an inner fin, and an outer fin is processed on the outer side of the copper column. Water or other fluid is introduced between the outer fins to cool the helium gas introduced into the tank. Since the flow resistance is required to be small, the heat exchanger is generally short, and in most cases, annular outer fins are cut out of the outer side of the copper cylinder, and water passes through the outer fins from one side and flows out from the other side, and the structure thereof is as shown in fig. 4 and 5. In this configuration, the helium temperature near the water inlet is low and the helium temperature near the outlet is high, resulting in circumferential non-uniformity in helium temperature. Therefore, when the gas reaches the regenerator, the temperature is also one side higher and one side lower, and the basic requirement of the regenerator is that the regenerator inlet temperature is uniform. The inner flow passages are generally uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the inner flow passages are generally larger than the wire diameter of the wire cutting machine and are rectangular, and the width of the flow passages is small for strengthening heat exchange. The thickness of the fin is thicker at the outer side and thinner at the inner side. This causes flow distribution unevenness in the radial direction, and the total flow passage area (flow passage ratio) per unit area of a cross section parallel to the axis is smaller at the outer side and larger at the inner side, so that the gas reaches the regenerator unevenly in the radial direction, and the basic requirement of the flow of the regenerator is that the gas is even in the radial direction of the regenerator. This does not cause a significant problem in small refrigerators because the aspect ratio of the regenerator is very large and the flow of air entering the regenerator becomes uniform quickly under the influence of the resistance of the packing. For a high-power refrigerator, for example, when the refrigerating capacity is hundreds watt to thousands watt, the diameter of the heat regenerator is very large, the length-diameter ratio becomes very small, the heat regenerator is almost in a cake shape, and the influence on the heat regenerator due to the non-uniformity of the heat exchanger is very large, so that the heat regeneration efficiency is reduced sharply, and even the refrigerator cannot refrigerate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a uniform heat exchanger.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a heat exchanger and a pulse tube refrigerator comprising the heat exchanger.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

The heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange body, wherein a plurality of fan-shaped areas are distributed in the heat exchange body along the circumferential direction, and a plurality of inner fins which are parallel to each other and a plurality of inner flow channels which are parallel to each other are arranged in each fan-shaped area. Because the inner runners of the heat exchangers are parallel to each other in each sector, the total area (the ratio of the air flow channels) of the air flow channels per unit area from the outer side to the inner side is the same, and the air is ensured to be uniform in the radial direction when flowing through the inner runners of the heat exchangers and reaching the regenerator.

Furthermore, the heat exchange body comprises an annular heat exchange body wall, a plurality of inner fins are distributed on the inner side of the heat exchange body wall along the circumferential direction, heat exchange inner flow channels are formed between every two adjacent inner fins, in each sector area, the two adjacent inner fins are parallel to each other, and the two adjacent heat exchange inner flow channels are parallel to each other.

As the preferred technical scheme, the inner fins of the heat exchanger are connected with the wall of the heat exchanger and are parallel. A plurality of heat exchanger inner flow channels between the heat exchanger inner fins in each sector area are parallel to each other; the included angle between the heat exchanger inner flow channel of any two sector areas and the axial section of the heat exchange body as the reference can be the same or different, that is, the included angle between the heat exchanger inner flow channel in the different sector areas and the axial section of the heat exchange body as the reference can be independently set, for example, for a certain axial section of the heat exchange body, the included angle between the heat exchanger inner flow channel in one sector area and the axial section of the heat exchange body is 45 degrees, the included angle between the heat exchanger inner flow channel in the other sector area and the axial section of the heat exchange body is 90 degrees (that is, perpendicular to the axial section of the heat exchange body), and the included angle between the heat exchanger inner flow channel in one sector area and the axial section of the heat exchange body is 0 degree (that is, parallel to the axial section of the heat.

furthermore, more than 3 fan-shaped areas are arranged inside the heat exchange body.

As a preferable technical scheme, 4-8 fan-shaped areas are arranged inside the heat exchange body. If the sector is excessively divided, the fan is similar to a traditional heat exchanger, and the problem of uneven radial airflow distribution can occur; if the sector division is too small, the nonuniformity of the temperature distribution outside the heat exchanger wall increases.

Furthermore, the heat exchange body further comprises a plurality of outer fins which are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the heat exchange body wall along the circumferential direction, the outer fins are axially arranged on the outer side of the heat exchange body wall along the heat exchange body wall, and a heat exchanger outer flow channel is formed between every two adjacent outer fins. The outer flow channel of the heat exchanger axially extends along the wall of the heat exchanger body, so that fluid in the outer flow channel of the heat exchanger flows axially, the temperature changes axially, the temperature is uniform in the circumferential direction, and the problem of nonuniform circumferential temperature of the heat regenerator is solved. During heat exchange, heat of gas in the inner flow channel of the heat exchanger is transferred to fluid in the outer flow channel of the heat exchanger through the inner fins, the heat exchanger wall and the outer fins, and the fluid in the outer flow channel of the heat exchanger flows uniformly in the circumferential direction and axially, so that the temperature of the wall of the heat exchanger tends to be uniform in the circumferential direction, and circumferential unevenness of airflow temperature caused by the fluid is reduced. Meanwhile, the flow channels of the inner flow channels of the heat exchanger are uniformly arranged, so that the problem of radial non-uniformity of air flow at the inlet of the heat regenerator caused by non-uniform flow channels is solved, and the high efficiency of the heat regenerator is further ensured.

furthermore, the heat exchanger also comprises a heat exchanger shell and a flow collector arranged in the heat exchanger shell, the heat exchange body is arranged in the heat exchanger shell and is positioned on the inner side of the flow collector, and the outer side of the flow collector is provided with a flow inlet groove and a flow outlet groove. Two ends of the outer flow passage of the heat exchanger are respectively communicated with the inflow groove and the outflow groove. Water or other fluids enter the inflow groove, flow axially along the outer flow channel of the heat exchanger after being uniformly distributed by the inflow groove, absorb heat and then enter the outflow groove.

As a preferable technical scheme, the side surface of the heat exchanger shell is provided with a flow inlet communicated with the flow inlet groove and a flow outlet communicated with the flow outlet groove. The fluid flows into the inflow groove from the inflow opening, and after heat absorption, the fluid in the outflow groove flows out from the outflow opening.

Furthermore, the two ends of the heat exchanger outer flow passage are respectively provided with a heat exchanger outer flow passage inlet and a heat exchanger outer flow passage outlet, the inflow groove is communicated with the heat exchanger outer flow passage inlet, the outflow groove is communicated with the heat exchanger outer flow passage outlet, and fluid in the inflow groove flows through the heat exchanger outer flow passage along the axial direction through the heat exchanger outer flow passage inlet and then flows into the outflow groove through the heat exchanger outer flow passage outlet.

The pulse tube refrigerator comprises a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is the heat exchanger.

Furthermore, the pulse tube refrigerator also comprises a driving part, a phase modulator and a cold head respectively communicated with the driving part and the phase modulator.

As a preferred technical scheme, the cold head comprises a pulse tube and a heat regenerator sleeved outside the pulse tube, one end of the heat regenerator is provided with a cold energy heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is positioned at the other end of the heat regenerator, and one end of the driving part is communicated with the other end of the driving part sequentially through the heat exchanger, the heat regenerator, the cold energy heat exchanger and the pulse tube.

further, the driving part is a compressor.

As a preferable technical scheme, the compressor comprises a compressor cylinder, a piston arranged in the compressor cylinder in an axial moving mode along the compressor cylinder and a motor connected with the piston, a compression cavity is formed between the end portion of the piston and the compressor cylinder, and the compression cavity is communicated with a flow channel in the heat exchanger.

Further, the phase modulator is a pushing piston unit, an inertia tube or an air reservoir phase modulator.

Furthermore, the pushing piston unit comprises a pushing piston cylinder and a pushing piston movably arranged in the pushing piston cylinder, and a pushing piston front cavity and a pushing piston back cavity are respectively formed between the two ends of the pushing piston and the pushing piston cylinder.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:

1) The total area of airflow channels in unit area from the outer side to the inner side is ensured to be the same by dividing the interior of the heat exchange body into a plurality of fan-shaped areas and enabling the inner flow channels of the heat exchanger in each fan-shaped area to be parallel to each other, so that the problem of uneven radial airflow when the gas reaches the heat regenerator is solved;

2) the outer fins are axially arranged on the outer side of the wall of the heat exchanger body, and the inflow groove and the outflow groove are respectively arranged on the outer side of the current collector to be communicated with the outer flow channel of the heat exchanger, so that water or other fluids flow axially to absorb heat after being uniformly distributed through the inflow grooves, the circumferential uniformity of the helium temperature is ensured, and the problem that the gas temperature at the inlet of the heat regenerator is not uniform along the circumferential direction because the axial length of the heat exchanger is short and axial cooling is difficult to arrange is solved;

3) The problem of large-scale pulse tube refrigerator because of the inhomogeneous gas of heat exchanger causes distributes unevenly in the regenerator is solved, through adopting a heat exchanger of equipartition runner and equipartition temperature, improved large-power pulse tube refrigerator's inhomogeneous problem.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulse tube refrigerator according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the heat exchanger in the embodiment 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the heat exchanger of this embodiment 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a prior art heat exchanger;

FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a conventional heat exchanger;

the notation in the figure is:

1112-drive part, 11-compressor, 111-compression chamber, 112-piston, 113-compressor cylinder, 114-motor, 12-pusher piston unit, 121-pusher piston front chamber, 122-pusher piston cylinder, 123-pusher piston, 124-pusher piston rod, 125-pusher piston back chamber, 126-spring, 127-gas reservoir, 128-back cover, 200-cold head, 20-heat exchanger, 21-heat exchanger housing, 22-heat exchanger, 221-heat exchanger inner runner, 222-heat exchanger outer runner, 222 a-heat exchanger outer runner inlet, 222 b-heat exchanger outer runner outlet, 223-inner fin, 224-outer fin, 225-heat exchanger wall, 23-current collector, 231-current outlet, 232-current outlet, 233-current inlet, 234-current inlet, 30-regenerator, 31-regenerator tube, 32-regenerator packing, 41-heat exchanger, 411-cold energy exchanger inner runner, cold energy exchanger, cold energy storage tank, cold energy, 51-pulse tube, 511-airflow homogenizer, 512-airflow homogenizer, alpha-heat exchanger inner flow channel and the angle between the axial section of the heat exchange body as the reference.

Detailed Description

the invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.