阅读说明：本技术 出射角可定制的固定波束漏波天线 (Fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with customizable emergence angle ) 是由 程强 陈建锋 崔铁军 于 2019-08-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种出射角可定制的固定波束漏波天线,包括：间隙脊波导均匀漏波天线(1)、三角金属棱镜(2)以及透射型相位梯度表面结构(3)；间隙脊波导均匀漏波天线(1)的漏波面与三角金属棱镜(2)的入射面连接；三角金属棱镜(2)的出射面与透射型相位梯度表面结构(3)的入射面的正中间一排横向单元相连接；间隙脊波导均匀漏波天线(1)包括第一金属板和第二金属板、第一金属脊(11)和第二金属脊(12)、一排连接上下金属板的第一周期金属柱(13)和一排高度渐变的漏波金属柱(14)；所述三角形金属棱镜(2)包括尺寸相同的第三金属板和第四金属板、第二周期金属柱(21)和第三周期金属柱(22)。(the invention discloses a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable emergence angle, which comprises: the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna comprises a gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna (1), a triangular metal prism (2) and a transmission type phase gradient surface structure (3); the leaky-wave surface of the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna (1) is connected with the incident surface of the triangular metal prism (2); the emergent surface of the triangular metal prism (2) is connected with a row of transverse units in the middle of the incident surface of the transmission type phase gradient surface structure (3); the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna (1) comprises a first metal plate, a second metal plate, a first metal ridge (11), a second metal ridge (12), a row of first periodic metal columns (13) and a row of leaky-wave metal columns (14), wherein the first periodic metal columns are used for connecting the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate; the triangular metal prism (2) comprises a third metal plate, a fourth metal plate, a second periodic metal column (21) and a third periodic metal column (22) which are identical in size.)

1. A fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable exit angle, comprising: the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna comprises a gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna (1), a triangular metal prism (2) and a transmission type phase gradient surface structure (3); the leaky-wave surface of the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna (1) is connected with the incident surface of the triangular metal prism (2); the emergent surface of the triangular metal prism (2) is connected with a row of transverse units in the middle of the incident surface of the transmission type phase gradient surface structure (3);

The gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna (1) comprises a first metal plate and a second metal plate which are the same in size, a first metal ridge (11) and a second metal ridge (12) which are symmetrical up and down, a row of first periodic metal columns (13) for connecting the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate and a row of leaky-wave metal columns (14) with gradually changed heights; one end of the first periodic metal column (13) is in contact with the first metal plate, the other end of the first periodic metal column (13) is in contact with the second metal plate, the first periodic metal column (13) and the leaky wave metal column (14) are arranged on the same metal plate, the first periodic metal column (13) and the leaky wave metal column (14) are respectively located on two sides of the metal ridge, and the arrangement direction of the first periodic metal column (13), the arrangement direction of the leaky wave metal column (14), the arrangement direction of the first metal ridge (11) and the arrangement direction of the second metal ridge (12) are the same;

The triangular metal prism (2) comprises a third metal plate, a fourth metal plate, a second periodic metal column (21) and a third periodic metal column (22), wherein the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate are the same in size; the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate are triangular, the second periodic metal columns (21) cover the inner side of the third metal plate, the third periodic metal columns (22) cover the inner side of the fourth metal plate, and two-dimensional sliding symmetry is met between the second periodic metal columns (21) and the third periodic metal columns (22);

The transmission type phase gradient surface structure (3) comprises a first layer of periodic metal structure units (31), a second layer of periodic metal structure units (32) and a third layer of periodic metal structure units (33) which are printed on a medium substrate; the first layer of periodic metal structure units (31), the second layer of periodic metal structure units (32) and the third layer of periodic metal structure units (33) are respectively provided with the same dielectric materials and are arranged at equal intervals, the unit size of each layer of periodic metal structure units is periodically changed along the horizontal direction and is kept unchanged along the vertical direction, and the symmetry of the set angle of rotation of the adjacent periodic metal structure units along the same rotation direction is met.

2. The fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with customizable exit angle according to claim 1, characterized in that one side of the leaky-wave metal column (14) contacts the incident plane of the triangular metal prism (2); the first metal plate and the third metal plate are connected into a whole, and the second metal plate and the fourth metal plate are connected into a whole.

3. The fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with customizable emergence angle according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the leaky-wave metal column (14) is periodically gradually changed.

4. The fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with customizable emergence angles according to claim 1, characterized in that the first metal ridge (11) and the second metal ridge (12) are rectangular metal strips of the same size.

5. The fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna customizable in exit angle according to claim 1, characterized in that said second periodic metal pillar (21) and third periodic metal pillar (22) have the same size and arrangement rule.

6. an exit angle customizable fixed beam leaky-wave antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna (1) and the triangular metal prism (2) are both made of a hard conductive metal material.

7. an exit angle customizable fixed beam leaky wave antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a spacing between the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate is the same as an arrangement period value between each row of the smallest unit in the transmissive phase gradient surface structure (3).

8. the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna customizable in exit angle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said first periodic metal pillar (13), said leaky-wave metal pillar (14), said second periodic metal pillar (21) and said third periodic metal pillar (22) are all rectangular metal pillars.

9. A fixed beam leaky-wave antenna customizable in exit angle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the material of the dielectric substrate of the transmissive phase gradient surface structure (3) is FR-4 material.

Technical Field

the invention relates to the technical field of novel antennas, in particular to a fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable emergence angle.

Background

The leaky-wave antenna as a novel antenna has many characteristics which are not possessed by or difficult to realize by the traditional resonant antenna, such as a traveling wave mode, a radiation angle frequency sweep, a high impedance bandwidth, a high gain, a simple structure and the like. Leaky wave antennas have received extensive attention and research over the past few decades. The wave beam frequency scanning characteristic of the leaky-wave antenna corresponds to the conversion of frequency domain-space domain signals, and can be applied to frequency spectrum analysis, radar sensors, holographic imaging and the like. The periodic modulation leaky-wave antenna and the leaky-wave antenna based on the left-hand and right-hand transmission lines overcome the limitation that the traditional uniform traveling wave antenna can only radiate at the front end of the antenna, and realize frequency scanning of a radiation beam full airspace. However, for the application scenarios of fixed beams, such as point-to-point communication, large bandwidth signal transmission, SAR radar, etc., the frequency scanning characteristic of the leaky-wave antenna becomes a limiting condition for further popularization and application thereof, and it can be seen that the application of the leaky-wave antenna has limitations.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable emergence angle.

To achieve the object of the present invention, there is provided a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable exit angle, comprising: the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna, the triangular metal prism and the transmission type phase gradient surface structure; the leaky wave surface of the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky wave antenna is connected with the incident surface of the triangular metal prism; the emergent surface of the triangular metal prism is connected with a row of transverse units in the middle of the incident surface of the transmission type phase gradient surface structure;

The gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna comprises a first metal plate and a second metal plate which are the same in size, a first metal ridge and a second metal ridge which are symmetrical up and down, a row of first periodic metal columns which are connected with the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate, and a row of leaky-wave metal columns with gradually changed heights; one end of the first periodic metal column is contacted with the first metal plate, the other end of the first periodic metal column is contacted with the second metal plate, the first periodic metal column and the leaky wave metal column are arranged on the same metal plate, the first periodic metal column and the leaky wave metal column are respectively positioned on two sides of the metal ridge, and the arrangement direction of the first periodic metal column, the arrangement direction of the leaky wave metal column, the arrangement direction of the first metal ridge and the arrangement direction of the second metal ridge are the same;

The triangular metal prism comprises a third metal plate, a fourth metal plate, a second periodic metal column and a third periodic metal column which are the same in size; the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate are triangular, the second periodic metal columns cover the inner side of the third metal plate, the third periodic metal columns cover the inner side of the fourth metal plate, and two-dimensional sliding symmetry is met between the second periodic metal columns and the third periodic metal columns;

The transmission type phase gradient surface structure comprises a first layer of periodic metal structure units, a second layer of periodic metal structure units and a third layer of periodic metal structure units which are printed on a medium substrate; the first layer of periodic metal structure units, the second layer of periodic metal structure units and the third layer of periodic metal structure units are respectively provided with the same dielectric materials and are arranged at equal intervals, the unit size of each layer of periodic metal structure units is periodically changed along the horizontal direction and is kept unchanged along the vertical direction, and the symmetry of the set angle of rotation of the adjacent periodic metal structure units along the same rotation direction is met.

In one embodiment, one side of the leaky wave metal pillar contacts the incident surface of the metal prism; the first metal plate and the third metal plate are connected into a whole, and the second metal plate and the fourth metal plate are connected into a whole.

In one embodiment, the height of the leaky wave metal pillar is periodically gradually changed.

in one embodiment, the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge are rectangular metal strips with the same size.

in one embodiment, the second periodic metal pillars and the third periodic metal pillars have the same size and arrangement rule.

In one embodiment, the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna and the triangular metal prism are both made of hard conductive metal materials.

in one embodiment, the distance between the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate is the same as the value of the arrangement period between each row of the minimum unit cells in the transmissive phase-gradient surface structure.

In one embodiment, the first periodic metal pillar, the drain metal pillar, the second periodic metal pillar, and the third periodic metal pillar are all rectangular metal pillars.

In one embodiment, the material of the dielectric substrate of the transmission type phase gradient surface structure is FR-4 material.

In the fixed beam leaky-wave antenna structure with the customizable exit angle, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna can be controlled by the triangular metal prism to realize the initial fixation of the exit beam, and then the beam is further fixed by an additional constant gradient phase value provided by the transmission type phase gradient surface structure on the exit surface and is deflected to any azimuth angle according to the design requirement; specifically, the phase distribution of the transmission type phase gradient surface structure can be changed by changing the size of the units arranged along the transverse direction (horizontal direction) of the transmission type phase gradient surface structure, so that an additional phase cutting amount is provided for the emergent beam, the emergent beam is deflected, the final emergent beam points to different directions according to different phase distribution conditions of the gradient surface, and the fixed beam is customized; the characteristic that the radiation beam of the conventional leaky-wave antenna is rapidly scanned along with the frequency is greatly reduced, the radiation beam is fixed in a smaller angle range in a large bandwidth, and meanwhile, the required angle range of the fixed beam can be customized according to requirements, so that the leaky-wave antenna can be directly applied to various communication scenes and has higher flexibility; and the method has the advantages of simple design method, lower processing cost and convenient installation.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a top view of the overall structure of a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with customizable exit angle according to an embodiment;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the overall structure of a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with customizable exit angles according to one embodiment;

Fig. 3(a) is a top view of the inside of the upper cover plate of a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with customizable exit angle in one embodiment;

Fig. 3(b) is a top view of the interior of the lower cover plate of a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with customizable exit angles in one embodiment;

FIG. 3(c) is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna;

FIG. 3(d) is an x-z cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a triangular metal prism;

FIG. 3(e) is a y-z cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a triangular metal prism;

FIG. 4(a) is an overall perspective view of a phase gradient surface in one embodiment;

FIG. 4(b) is a perspective view of the basic unit of the phase gradient surface in one embodiment;

FIG. 4(c) is a block diagram of the middle layer of the basic unit of the phase gradient surface in one embodiment;

FIG. 5(a) is a plot of typical polarization rotation transmission efficiency of a phase gradient surface in one embodiment;

FIG. 5(b) is a graph of transmission phase for different structural unit sizes of the phase gradient surface in one embodiment;

Fig. 6 is a radiation pattern of a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable exit angle in one embodiment in an operating frequency band;

Fig. 7(a) is a schematic view of a lower metal cover plate of a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable emergence angle in one embodiment;

FIG. 7(b) is a phase gradient surface finish physical map of a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with customizable exit angle in one embodiment;

fig. 8 is a radiation pattern of a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable exit angle in one embodiment within an operating frequency band;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable emergence angle in one embodiment.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable emergence angle according to an embodiment, including: the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna comprises a gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna 1, a triangular metal prism 2 and a transmission type phase gradient surface structure 3; the leaky-wave surface of the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna 1 is connected with the incident surface of the triangular metal prism 2; the emergent surface of the triangular metal prism 2 is connected with a row of transverse units in the middle of the incident surface of the transmission type phase gradient surface structure 3;

Referring to fig. 2, 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), 3(d) and 3(e), the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky wave antenna 1 includes a first metal plate (an upper cover plate shown in fig. 2) and a second metal plate (a lower cover plate shown in fig. 2) which are the same in size, a first metal ridge 11 and a second metal ridge 12 which are symmetrical up and down, a row of first periodic metal pillars 13 connecting the upper and lower metal plates, and a row of leaky wave metal pillars 14 with gradually changed heights; one end of the first periodic metal pillar 13 contacts the first metal plate, the other end of the first periodic metal pillar 13 contacts the second metal plate (the height of the first periodic metal pillar 13 is the same as the distance between the first metal plate and the second metal plate), the first periodic metal pillar 13 and the leaky wave metal pillar 14 are both arranged on the same metal plate (the first metal plate or the second metal plate), the first periodic metal pillar 13 and the leaky wave metal pillar 14 are respectively positioned on two sides of a metal ridge (the first metal ridge 11 and the second metal ridge 12), and the arrangement direction of the first periodic metal pillar 13, the arrangement direction of the leaky wave metal pillar 14, the arrangement direction of the first metal ridge 11 and the arrangement direction of the second metal ridge 12 are the same;

The triangular metal prism 2 includes a third metal plate (not shown) and a fourth metal plate (not shown) having the same size, a second periodic metal pillar 21 and a third periodic metal pillar 22; the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate are triangular, the second periodic metal posts 21 cover the inner side of the third metal plate, the third periodic metal posts 22 cover the inner side of the fourth metal plate, and two-dimensional sliding symmetry is satisfied between the second periodic metal posts 21 and the third periodic metal posts 22;

referring to fig. 4(a), 4(b), 4(c), the transmissive phase-gradient surface structure 3 includes a first layer of periodic metal structure units 31, a second layer of periodic metal structure units 32, and a third layer of periodic metal structure units 33 printed on a dielectric substrate; the first layer of periodic metal structure units 31, the second layer of periodic metal structure units 32 and the third layer of periodic metal structure units 33 are respectively provided with the same dielectric material and are arranged at equal intervals, the unit size of each layer of periodic metal structure units (the second layer of periodic metal structure units 32 and the third layer of periodic metal structure units 33) is periodically changed along the horizontal direction and is kept unchanged along the vertical direction, and the symmetry of the adjacent periodic metal structure units meeting the set angle of rotation along the same rotation direction is realized; the set angle may be 45 ° or the like.

specifically, the first periodic metal pillar 13 and the leaky wave metal pillar 14 are different in size; the two ends of the first periodic metal column 13 are connected with the upper and lower metal plates (the first metal plate and the second metal plate), and the height of the leaky-wave metal column 14 is periodically changed gradually. The first metal ridge 11 may be provided on the inner side of the first metal plate, the first metal ridge 11 may be in contact with the inner side of the first metal plate, the second metal ridge 12 may be provided on the inner side of the second metal plate, the first metal ridge 12 may be in contact with the inner side of the second metal plate, and the first metal ridge 11 and the second metal ridge 12 may be rectangular metal strips having the same size.

wherein, the two-dimensional triangular metal prism 2 is a two-dimensional triangular metal prism. The arrangement of the first periodic metal pillars 13, the second periodic metal pillars 21, and the third periodic metal pillars 22 is periodically changed. The second periodic metal posts 21 and the third periodic metal posts 22 have the same size and the same variation period of the arrangement of the two posts. The metal posts (the second period metal posts 21 and the third period metal posts 22) on the upper and lower metal cover plates (the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate) of the triangular metal prism 2 satisfy two-dimensional sliding symmetry.

Specifically, the transmission type phase gradient surface structure 3 includes three layers of metal units (a first layer of periodic metal structure units 31, a second layer of periodic metal structure units 32, and a third layer of periodic metal structure units 33) arranged in an array, the metal units of each layer are made of the same dielectric material, the distance between every two layers is the same, the unit size of each layer changes with the period along the horizontal direction (transverse direction), the unit size remains unchanged along the vertical direction (longitudinal direction), the total period number of the change period of the unit size of each layer along the horizontal direction is three, and the metal units between adjacent layers satisfy the symmetry of rotating by 45 ° along the same rotation direction.

In one example, the exit angle customizable fixed beam leaky-wave antenna may be composed of a gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna 1, a triangular metal prism 2, and a transmissive phase gradient surface structure 3 in series. Specifically, the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna 1 and the triangular metal prism 2 are connected into a whole, the connection surface is a layer of the leaky-wave metal column 14 side of the gap ridge waveguide leaky-wave antenna 1 and the incident surface of the triangular metal prism, and the connection is completed through the upper and lower metal cover plates of each part, for example, the first metal plate and the third metal plate are connected into a whole, and the second metal plate and the fourth metal plate are connected into a whole. The triangular metal prism 2 and the transmission type phase gradient surface structure 3 are connected into a whole, and the connecting surface is a row of transverse units in the middle of the outgoing surface of the triangular metal prism 2 and the incident surface of the transmission type phase gradient surface structure 3. The wide edge and the narrow edge of the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna 1 are respectively composed of metal cover plates (a first metal plate and a first metal plate) which are symmetrical up and down and metal columns (a first periodic metal column 13) which are arranged periodically, the periodic metal columns which are connected with the upper metal cover plate and the lower metal cover plate form one non-radiation side, the metal columns (leaky-wave metal columns 14) with gradually changed heights form an antenna radiation surface, the radiation energy can be controlled by adjusting the metal heights, and a pair of rectangular metal ridges (a first metal ridge 11 and a second metal ridge 12) which are symmetrical up and down are arranged in the middle of the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna 1 and are respectively positioned on the inner surfaces of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate. The two-dimensional triangular metal prism 2 is composed of triangular metal plates (a third metal plate and a fourth metal plate) with the same size and metal columns (a second period metal column 21 and a third period metal column 22) which are arranged in a sliding symmetrical two-dimensional orthogonal period mode, directional deflection of a wave beam radiated by the gap ridge waveguide leaky wave antenna can be realized by controlling the size and the period of the metal columns, and local fixation of a frequency scanning wave beam radiated from the prism can be realized by combining control of a triangular included angle of the triangular metal prism. The transmission type gradient surface 3 is composed of three layers of metal units arranged in an array, and constant gradient phase values can be provided by designing the units which change along the transverse direction, so that artificial deflection of beams radiated by the metal prism can be realized according to requirements.

In the fixed beam leaky-wave antenna structure with the customizable exit angle, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna 1 can be controlled by the triangular metal prism 2 to realize the initial fixation of the exit beam, and then the additional constant gradient phase value provided by the transmission type phase gradient surface structure 3 on the exit surface is used to realize the further fixation of the beam and is deflected to any azimuth angle according to the design requirement. Specifically, the phase distribution of the transmission-type phase gradient surface structure 3 can be changed by changing the size of the units arranged along the transverse direction (horizontal direction) of the transmission-type phase gradient surface structure 3, so as to provide an additional phase-cut amount for the emergent beam, which will cause the deflection of the emergent beam, and according to the different phase distribution conditions of the gradient surface, the final emergent beam will point to different directions, thereby realizing the customization of the fixed beam. The characteristic that the radiation beam of the conventional leaky-wave antenna is rapidly scanned along with the frequency is greatly reduced, the radiation beam is fixed in a smaller angle range in a large bandwidth, and meanwhile, the required angle range of the fixed beam can be customized according to requirements, so that the leaky-wave antenna can be directly applied to various communication scenes and has higher flexibility; and the method has the advantages of simple design method, lower processing cost and convenient installation.

in one embodiment, one side of the leaky wave metal pillar contacts the incident surface of the metal prism; the first metal plate and the third metal plate are connected into a whole, and the second metal plate and the fourth metal plate are connected into a whole. Thus, the upper and lower metal cover plates in the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna and the upper and lower metal cover plates in the two-dimensional triangular metal prism have the same height.

in one embodiment, the height of the leaky wave metal pillar is periodically gradually changed.

In this embodiment, the leaky-wave metal columns with periodically-changing heights can form an antenna radiation surface, and the control of radiation energy can be realized by adjusting the corresponding heights.

In one embodiment, the first metal ridge and the second metal ridge are rectangular metal strips with the same size.

in one embodiment, the second periodic metal pillars and the third periodic metal pillars have the same size and arrangement rule.

The second period metal columns and the third period metal columns have the same size and the same arrangement rule, namely the variation periods of the arrangement modes of the second period metal columns and the third period metal columns are the same.

In one embodiment, the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna and the triangular metal prism are both made of hard conductive metal materials.

In one embodiment, a pitch between the third metal plate and the fourth metal plate is the same as an arrangement period value between each row of the minimum unit cells in the transmissive phase-gradient surface structure.

The arrangement period is a variation period of the arrangement pattern, and the value of the arrangement period may be a length of one arrangement period in which the corresponding structures (e.g., the respective minimum units of the transmissive phase-gradient surface structure) have the same or similar arrangement form in the respective arrangement periods.

Further, the gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna has the same longitudinal (vertical) period value as the gap between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate of the triangular metal prism and the transmission type phase gradient surface structure. The longitudinal period value is a variation period of the longitudinal arrangement mode, and the longitudinal period value is the length of one longitudinal arrangement period.

in one embodiment, the first periodic metal pillar, the drain metal pillar, the second periodic metal pillar, and the third periodic metal pillar are all rectangular metal pillars.

In one embodiment, the material of the dielectric substrate of the transmissive phase-gradient surface structure is an FR-4 material.

Further, the metal posts (second period metal posts and third period metal posts) in the triangular metal prism are arranged in a two-dimensional orthogonal period.

Furthermore, in the working frequency band of the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with the customizable emergence angle, three units arranged along the surface normal direction in the transmission phase gradient surface form a group of basic units, 90-degree polarization torsion on an incident electric field can be realized on a periodic surface completely formed by the group of basic units, and the transmission phase coverage of 0-360 degrees can be realized by changing the metal size of the units.

Furthermore, the excitation position of the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with the customizable emergence angle is one end of a gap ridge waveguide, the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna is positioned on the same side of one edge without any loading in the metal triangular prism, and the other end of the gap ridge waveguide is connected with a 50-ohm matched load.

in the actual working process of the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with the customizable emergence angle, dispersion compensation can be performed through the electromagnetic metamaterial, the radiation angle of the leaky-wave antenna is fixed, and the radiation angle is customized through the phase gradient super surface. As shown in fig. 1, the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna whose exit angle can be customized includes a gap ridge waveguide uniform leaky-wave antenna 1, a two-dimensional triangular metal prism 2, and a transmission-type phase gradient surface 3. Fig. 2 is a side view of the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with the customizable emergence angle, and the whole structure is covered by an upper metal plate and a lower metal plate (the upper metal plate covers comprise a first metal plate and a third metal plate, and the lower metal plate covers comprise a second metal plate and a fourth metal plate). Fig. 3(a) and 3(b) fixed beam leaky-wave antennas, respectively, that are customizable for the angle of emergenceThe internal structure of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate is schematically shown. The uniform leaky-wave antenna part comprises two rows of metal ridges 11 and 12 which are symmetrical up and down, a row of periodic metal posts 13 connected with the upper metal cover plate and the lower metal cover plate, and a row of leaky-wave metal posts 14 with gradually changed heights. By designing the height of the leaky-wave metal column 14, the leaky-wave efficiency of the uniform leaky-wave antenna aperture surface can be adjusted, as shown in fig. 3 (c). The two-dimensional triangular metal prism 2 is composed of periodic metal posts 21 and 22 having sliding symmetry, and the dispersion characteristics of the prism are controlled by designing the sizes and period values of the metal posts as shown in fig. 3(d) and 3 (e). Fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a transmissive phase gradient surface 3, the overall structure being printed on a dielectric substrate, the minimum unit structure being the same in the vertical direction and varying with period along the horizontal direction. Fig. 4(b) is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission type phase gradient surface minimum unit, the minimum unit is composed of three layers of metal structures 31, 32 and 33, the metal structures between each layer are in 45 ° rotational symmetry, that is, the unit pattern of 31 is rotated by 45 ° to obtain the unit pattern of 32, and the unit pattern of 33 is obtained by rotating 32 in the same direction by 45 °. FIG. 4(c) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate layer 32 of the gradient surface refreshing unit of the present invention by adjusting A₁、A₂、B₁And B₂To effect a change in transmission phase. Fig. 5(a) is a typical transmission amplitude curve of a selected cell on the gradient surface in the present invention, and it can be seen that most of the vertically incident electromagnetic wave is converted into a horizontally polarized outgoing electromagnetic wave. FIG. 5(b) is a transmission phase curve of the unit selected on the gradient surface in the present invention under different structural parameters, and it can be seen that, in the frequency band of 8-12 GHz, the transmission phase difference under different structural parameters covers 0-180 DEG, by rotating the middle unit 32 by 90 DEG and adjusting A₁、A₂、B₁and B₂The covering of the phase difference of 180-360 degrees can be realized.

in order to verify the designed fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with customizable emergence angle, simulation is carried out by using CST software. Fig. 6 shows the radiation pattern of the designed antenna in the working frequency band. It can be seen that the main radiation beam is fixed in a range around 40 ° in the 9.3-11.3 GHz band.

fig. 7(a) is a schematic view of a lower cover plate of a fixed beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable emergence angle in the present example. Fig. 7(b) is a transmission type phase gradient surface processing object diagram of the fixed beam leaky-wave antenna whose emergence angle can be customized in this example, the horizontal direction is composed of 35 units with equal period non-through size, the vertical direction is composed of three rows of units with the same size, and the dielectric substrate is FR-4 material with dielectric constant of 2.5. Fig. 8 shows a real-object test result of the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with the customizable exit angle in this example, including a radiation pattern of the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with the customizable exit angle in the operating frequency band, and fig. 8 shows that the overall performance of the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with the customizable exit angle provided in this example is well matched with a simulation result, and further verifies that the method for implementing dispersion compensation by using an artificial electromagnetic material, fixing the radiation angle of the leaky-wave antenna, and customizing the exit angle thereof.

in one example, an operation diagram of the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with a customizable emergence angle can be shown with reference to fig. 9, wherein the power of the uniform leaky-wave antenna radiated into the metal prism can be controlled by adjusting the height of the metal leaky-wave column; nonlinear dispersion compensation of the radiation angle of the leaky-wave antenna is realized by adjusting the size and the period of a metal column in the prism and the included angle between the incident surface and the emergent surface of the prism; the outgoing phase distribution of the gradient surface is controlled by adjusting the unit structure size of the transmission type phase gradient surface, so that the linear dispersion compensation of the radiation angle and the customization of the outgoing angle are realized. The fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with the customizable emergence angle has the advantages of simple design method, low processing cost and convenience in installation, and has important application prospects in the aspects of point-to-point communication, large-bandwidth signal transmission, SAR radar and the like.

Compared with the conventional technology, the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with the customizable emergence angle provided by the example has the following advantages:

The existing low-dispersion leaky-wave antenna needs to design a complex transmission structure to slow down the influence of frequency change on beam pointing, but the transmission structure is complex, and the change of a radiation angle is still large; radiating by using a low-dispersion quasi-TEM mode, but the radiation angle can be limited to be near an end-fire angle; the Huygens super surface is used for radiation compensation, but the unit design is complex, the working bandwidth is small, and the radiation efficiency is low.

Compared with the existing low-dispersion leaky-wave antenna, the leaky-wave antenna with independent dispersion compensation can carry out targeted compensation according to the dispersion condition of the actual leaky-wave antenna, so that the beam dispersion can be controlled in a very small range, linkage among multiple parts is not needed in the design process, and the leaky-wave antenna with independent dispersion compensation has very high design flexibility.

Compared with the existing low-dispersion leaky-wave antenna, the leaky-wave antenna capable of customizing the emergent angle, which is constructed by the example, can customize the radiation angle as required, and the customized angle range covers the whole 180-degree radiation surface.

the fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna with the customizable emergence angle has the advantages of simple design, low processing cost, convenience in installation, easiness in integration, good universality, capability of being designed in different working frequency bands by adjusting the size structure, and easiness in popularization and application.

the technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

it should be noted that the terms "first \ second \ third" referred to in the embodiments of the present application merely distinguish similar objects, and do not represent a specific ordering for the objects, and it should be understood that "first \ second \ third" may exchange a specific order or sequence when allowed. It should be understood that "first \ second \ third" distinct objects may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein may be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the embodiments of the present application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, apparatus, product, or device that comprises a list of steps or modules is not limited to the listed steps or modules but may alternatively include other steps or modules not listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or device.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.