阅读说明：本技术 一种畜禽粪便快速腐熟制备育苗基质的方法 (Method for preparing seedling culture substrate by quickly decomposing livestock and poultry manure ) 是由 孙婷 赵丰 李信冬 于 2019-08-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种畜禽粪便快速腐熟制备育苗基质的方法,涉及育苗基质领域,包括以下步骤：将阿拉伯胶加入壳聚糖溶液中,再分多次将上述复合菌种悬浮液缓慢滴加进入,培养1-3d,再倾倒在培养皿中铺平板,待其冷却凝固后切块、碾磨,40-50℃低温烘干得到复合菌种粉末；将畜禽粪便高温蒸汽灭菌,再与腐殖酸、蛭石、泥炭土拌和,拌和过程中将悬浮液不断喷入,再用翻抛机翻混2-3遍,堆料,并在物料堆的堆身打孔通气,最后用塑料布将物料堆覆盖进行腐熟发酵处理10-15d,本发明可以提高畜禽粪便无害化处理和资源化利用的产品附加值,而且技术简单,易于推广,具有广泛的应用前景。(The invention provides a method for preparing a seedling substrate by quickly decomposing livestock and poultry manure, which relates to the field of seedling substrates and comprises the following steps: adding arabic gum into chitosan solution, slowly adding the composite strain suspension dropwise for several times, culturing for 1-3d, pouring into a culture dish, spreading on a flat plate, cooling and solidifying, cutting into pieces, grinding, and oven drying at 40-50 deg.C to obtain composite strain powder; sterilizing the livestock and poultry manure by high-temperature steam, mixing the sterilized livestock and poultry manure with humic acid, vermiculite and peat soil, continuously spraying suspension liquid in the mixing process, turning and mixing for 2-3 times by using a turner, stacking the materials, punching holes in the stack body of the material stack for ventilation, and finally covering the material stack by using plastic cloth for decomposing and fermenting for 10-15 days.)

1. A method for preparing a seedling culture substrate by quickly decomposing livestock and poultry manure is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing a culture medium by 0.1-0.3% of glucose, 1-2% of beef extract, 1-2% of peptone, 0.5-0.8% of sodium chloride, 0.1-0.2% of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.2% of lignin, 0.01-0.1% of methionine, 2-5% of agar and the balance of sterile water, quantitatively packaging the culture medium in a test tube when the culture medium is hot after high-temperature steam sterilization, and solidifying the culture medium into an inclined plane to prepare an inclined plane culture medium;

(2) respectively inoculating actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma viride and lactobacillus to a slant culture medium under aseptic operation for activation and rejuvenation, culturing at a constant temperature of 32-35 ℃ for 20-24h, washing cultured mycelia with sterile water, filtering, drying, grinding, mixing, and adding a proper amount of sterile water to prepare a composite strain suspension;

(3) heating to prepare a chitosan solution with a certain concentration, adding Arabic gum, stirring at the speed of 200-400rpm for 10-20min, slowly dropwise adding the composite strain suspension for multiple times, culturing the mixed solution on a shaking table at 35-40 ℃ for 1-3d after dropwise adding is finished, pouring the mixed solution into a culture dish, paving the flat plate, cooling and solidifying the flat plate, cutting into blocks, grinding, and drying at the low temperature of 40-50 ℃ to obtain composite strain powder;

(4) preparing the composite strain powder into suspension, filling the suspension into a sprayer for later use, sterilizing the livestock and poultry manure by high-temperature steam, mixing with humic acid, vermiculite and peat soil, continuously spraying the suspension in the mixing process, turning and mixing for 2-3 times by using a turner, stacking into conical material piles with the height of 0.5-0.7m and the width of 1-1.2 m, punching holes on the pile bodies of the material piles for ventilation, covering the material piles with plastic cloth for decomposing and fermenting for 10-15d, ventilating for 30-50min every day, screening, sterilizing for the second time, and subpackaging.

2. The method for preparing a substrate for seedling raising by rapidly decomposing livestock and poultry manure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inoculation amount of actinomycetes is 0.5 to 1%, the inoculation amount of bacillus subtilis is 1 to 2%, the inoculation amount of trichoderma viride is 1 to 2%, and the inoculation amount of lactobacillus is 3 to 5%.

3. The method for preparing a seedling substrate by rapidly decomposing livestock manure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of sterile water to the mixed mycelium in the step (2) is 10-20: 1.

4. the method for preparing a seedling substrate by rapidly decomposing livestock and poultry manure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the chitosan solution in the step (3) is 0.5-1%.

5. The method for preparing a seedling substrate by rapidly decomposing livestock and poultry manure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of gum arabic added in step (3) is the same as the weight of chitosan in the chitosan solution.

6. The method for preparing a seedling substrate by rapidly decomposing livestock and poultry manure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the viable bacteria amount of each bacterium in the composite strain powder in the step (3) is respectively as follows: 5-10 hundred million/g of actinomycetes, 10-15 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis, 1-10 hundred million/g of trichoderma viride and 5-10 hundred million/g of lactobacillus.

7. The method for preparing a seedling substrate by rapidly decomposing the livestock manure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the livestock manure in the step (4) is prepared by mixing dried cow manure, duck manure and chicken manure according to the weight ratio of 5-10: 1.

8. The method for preparing a seedling substrate by rapidly decomposing livestock manure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the livestock manure to humic acid, vermiculite and peat soil in step (4) is 1: 1-3: 10-20: 20-30.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of seedling culture matrixes, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a seedling culture matrix by quickly decomposing livestock and poultry manure.

Background

The seedling substrate is used as the basis of plant growth, and has the advantages of wide source of prepared materials, high water retention and air permeability, good fertilizer retention performance, prevention of soil-borne diseases and insect pests, light texture, convenience in transportation and the like. With the rapid development of the facility professional seedling raising industry, the seedling raising substrate technology is being popularized and applied in a large area, and the research, development and application of the solid culture substrate are greatly promoted. In Taiwan areas, Europe, Japan and other areas of China, almost all facility seedlings are cultivated by substrates.

The conventional seedling raising substrate usually takes grass carbon, perlite, vermiculite and the like as raw materials. The turf is a loose and soft accumulation formed by burying plant residues growing in ancient low-humidity areas underground and performing long-term anaerobic decomposition (oxidative decomposition of aerobic microorganisms under an anoxic state), contains a large amount of water, incompletely decomposed plant residues, humus and a part of mineral substances, and is brown or black mostly. The peat is the coal with the lowest coalification degree (the most original state of the coal) and is a precious natural resource, but the peat is a non-renewable resource and is inevitably exhausted after long-term use.

With the development of economy and society, a large amount of agricultural organic wastes are generated, statistics shows that the livestock feeding amount in 2016 in China reaches 11906.4 ten thousands, the cattle feeding amount is 10667.9 thousands, the proportion reaches 89.6%, the livestock manure is estimated to be generated in 38 hundred million t every year in the whole country, the comprehensive utilization rate is less than 60%, the livestock manure becomes a main source of agricultural pollution, and the livestock manure is accumulated everywhere or burnt, so that resources are wasted, and the environment is seriously polluted. Therefore, aiming at the problem of excessive exploitation and use of turf resources in the current-stage soilless culture and industrial seedling raising, if the vegetable seedling raising matrix can be produced by replacing turf with livestock and poultry manure, the cost of the seedling raising matrix can be greatly reduced, and the method is an effective way for treating livestock and poultry manure in China. However, the application of the livestock and poultry manure in the seedling culture substrate is less at present, and the direct application of the livestock and poultry manure with high content of carried bacteria may cause the increase of the disease incidence rate and the reduction of yield.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a seedling culture substrate by quickly decomposing livestock and poultry manure.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for preparing a seedling culture substrate by quickly decomposing livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a culture medium by 0.1-0.3% of glucose, 1-2% of beef extract, 1-2% of peptone, 0.5-0.8% of sodium chloride, 0.1-0.2% of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.2% of lignin, 0.01-0.1% of methionine, 2-5% of agar and the balance of sterile water, quantitatively packaging the culture medium in a test tube when the culture medium is hot after high-temperature steam sterilization, and solidifying the culture medium into an inclined plane to prepare an inclined plane culture medium;

(2) respectively inoculating actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma viride and lactobacillus to a slant culture medium under aseptic operation for activation and rejuvenation, culturing at a constant temperature of 32-35 ℃ for 20-24h, washing cultured mycelia with sterile water, filtering, drying, grinding, mixing, and adding a proper amount of sterile water to prepare a composite strain suspension;

(3) heating to prepare a chitosan solution with a certain concentration, adding Arabic gum, stirring at the speed of 200-400rpm for 10-20min, slowly dropwise adding the composite strain suspension for multiple times, culturing the mixed solution on a shaking table at 35-40 ℃ for 1-3d after dropwise adding is finished, pouring the mixed solution into a culture dish, paving the flat plate, cooling and solidifying the flat plate, cutting into blocks, grinding, and drying at the low temperature of 40-50 ℃ to obtain composite strain powder;

(4) preparing the composite strain powder into suspension, filling the suspension into a sprayer for later use, sterilizing the livestock and poultry manure by high-temperature steam, mixing with humic acid, vermiculite and peat soil, continuously spraying the suspension in the mixing process, turning and mixing for 2-3 times by using a turner, stacking into conical material piles with the height of 0.5-0.7m and the width of 1-1.2 m, punching holes on the pile bodies of the material piles for ventilation, covering the material piles with plastic cloth for decomposing and fermenting for 10-15d, ventilating for 30-50min every day, screening, sterilizing for the second time, and subpackaging.

Furthermore, the inoculation amount of the actinomycetes is 0.5-1%, the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis is 1-2%, the inoculation amount of the trichoderma viride is 1-2%, and the inoculation amount of the lactobacillus is 3-5%.

Further, the weight ratio of the sterile water to the mixed mycelium in the step (2) is 10-20: 1.

further, the mass concentration of the chitosan solution in the step (3) is 0.5-1%.

Further, the amount of gum arabic added in step (3) is the same as the weight of chitosan in the chitosan solution.

Further, the viable bacteria amount of each bacterium in the composite strain powder in the step (3) is respectively as follows: 5-10 hundred million/g of actinomycetes, 10-15 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis, 1-10 hundred million/g of trichoderma viride and 5-10 hundred million/g of lactobacillus.

Further, the livestock manure in the step (4) is formed by mixing dried cow manure, duck manure and chicken manure according to the weight ratio of 5-10: 1.

Further, in the step (4), the weight ratio of the livestock manure to the humic acid, the vermiculite and the peat soil is 1: 1-3: 10-20: 20-30.

The working principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows:

most of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the livestock and poultry excrement are nitrogen and phosphorus organic matters which are not completely digested in livestock and poultry bodies, the organic nitrogen and phosphorus are difficult to be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, and the crops contain a large amount of germs and worm eggs, and the occurrence rate of crop diseases can be greatly improved by direct application The invention obtains the seedling culture substrate by fermenting the livestock manure with the composite strain subjected to the shell treatment, can improve the product added value of harmless treatment and resource utilization of the livestock manure, has important significance for improving the breeding environment of the breeding industry and promoting the comprehensive utilization of the livestock manure, and has simple technology, easy popularization and wide application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for preparing the seedling substrate by quickly decomposing the livestock and poultry manure.

Detailed Description