阅读说明：本技术 光量子探测系统及其计算方法以及采用该系统的光量子多相双向流量计 (Photon detection system, calculation method thereof and photon multiphase bidirectional flowmeter adopting system ) 是由 陈继革 高继峰 季永强 仝淑月 刘乔平 张舒漫 罗超 徐斌 李敬阳 于 2019-10-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种光量子探测系统及其计算方法以及采用该系统的光量子多相双向流量计,包括设置于节流元件两侧的发射器和探测模块,所述发射器为光量子源,用于发射光量子；节流元件用于流体通过,发射器和探测模块位于节流元件喉部段的两侧；所述探测模块为探测器阵列,包括多个排布为矩阵形式的探测单元,每个探测单元用于接收穿过节流元件后的光量子；所述的探测单元为CZT探测器。本发明采用光量子源作为发射器,发出一个各能量不同的光量子粒子,每个探测单元对单个光子进行独立测量；采用CZT半导体探测器阵列,体积小,能量分辨率更高,可以免去了物理准直器的使用,在测量截面有较好的空间分辨率,从而提高了测量精度。(The invention relates to a photon detection system and a calculation method thereof and a photon multiphase bidirectional flowmeter adopting the system, comprising emitters and detection modules which are arranged at two sides of a throttling element, wherein the emitters are photon sources and are used for emitting photons; the throttling element is used for fluid to pass through, and the emitter and the detection module are positioned on two sides of the throat part of the throttling element; the detection module is a detector array and comprises a plurality of detection units which are arranged in a matrix form, and each detection unit is used for receiving the light quantum which passes through the throttling element; the detection unit is a CZT detector. The photon source is used as an emitter to emit photon particles with different energies, and each detection unit independently measures a single photon; the CZT semiconductor detector array is adopted, the size is small, the energy resolution ratio is higher, the use of a physical collimator can be omitted, and the better spatial resolution ratio is realized on the measurement section, so that the measurement precision is improved.)

1. A light quantum detection system, including setting up in transmitter (2) and detection module (3) of throttling element (1) both sides, its characterized in that:

the emitter (2) is a photon source and is used for emitting photon;

the throttling element (1) is used for fluid to pass through, and the emitter (2) and the detection module (3) are positioned on two sides of a throat part (11) of the throttling element (1);

the detection module (3) is a detector array and comprises a plurality of detection units (31) which are arranged in a matrix form, and each detection unit (31) is used for receiving the light quantum after passing through the throttling element (1); the detection unit (31) is a CZT semiconductor detector.

2. The system for detecting optical quantum according to claim 1, wherein: the photon source emits divergent broad-beam photon particles.

3. The optical quantum detection system of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the quantum source adopts¹³³Ba, producing light quanta of three energy groups, 31keV, 81keV and 365 keV.

4. The system for detecting optical quantum according to claim 1, wherein: the detection unit (31) is a 2 x 2mm CZT semiconductor detector.

5. The optical quantum detection system of claim 1 or 4, wherein: the detector array is a matrix formed by X-Y detection units (31), and light quanta emitted by the light quantum source can be received by the detector array after passing through the cross section where the throat section (11) of the throttling element (1) is located.

6. A method of computing an optical quantum detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:

a) the phase fraction alpha of gas phase and liquid phase in a specific direction of the fluid is calculated by the following formula_gas、α_liquid：

N_x＝N_oe^-d·ρ·ν (1)

In the formula (1), N₀Is a light quantumThe number of quanta of light emitted by a particular source in a particular direction, i.e. the empty tube count, N_xThe number of the light quantum which is received by the corresponding detection unit (31) and passes through the measured medium, d is the length of the path of the light quantum in the medium, rho is the density of the measured medium, and ν is the linear mass absorption coefficient of the measured medium to the light quantum;

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

ρ·v＝α_gas·ρ_gas·v_gas+α_liquid·ρ_liquid·ν_liquid (2)

in the formula (2), α_gasIs the volume gas fraction, alpha_liquidIs the volume liquid content, and

α_gas+α_liquid＝1 (3)

through the formulas (1), (2) and (3), two unknown quantities alpha of gas-liquid two-phase fraction in a specific direction of a measured section can be calculated_gasAnd alpha_liquidA value of (d);

then, the average phase fraction of the whole measuring section is calculated by taking the length di of the path of the corresponding photon in the medium as the weightAnda value of (d);

in the above formula, D is the diameter of the pipe where the medium is located, di is the path length of each photon when passing through the pipe, and alpha_gasiIs the gas phase fraction, alpha, measured for each photon as it passes through the medium_liquidiThe liquid phase fraction measured for each photon while passing through the medium was calculatedAverage phase fraction over the entire measurement sectionAnda value of (d);

finally, the mixed density of the fluid is obtained

b) The total volume flow of the fluid is calculated by the following formula

In the formula (4), Q_vThe volume flow of the fluid in the throttling element (1) can be calculated by the above formula, wherein K is a structural constant calibrated by the throttling element (1), and delta P is the pressure difference measured by the throttling element (1).

7. A light quantum multiphase bidirectional flowmeter is characterized in that: the device comprises a throttling element (1) with a bidirectional symmetrical structure, an emitter (2) and a detection module (3), wherein the emitter (2) and the detection module (3) are respectively positioned on two sides of a throat section (11) of the throttling element (1), and the emitter (2) is a photon source and is used for emitting photons; and a plurality of parameter sensors (4) are arranged on two sides of the throat part (11).

8. The quantum dot multiphase bidirectional flowmeter of claim 7, wherein: the detection module (3) is a CZT semiconductor detector.

9. The quantum dot multiphase bidirectional flowmeter of claim 7, wherein: the detection module (3) is a matrix formed by X Y detection units (31), and light quanta emitted by the light quantum source can be received by the detection module (3) after passing through the cross section of the throat section (11) of the throttling element (1).

10. The quantum dot multiphase bidirectional flowmeter of claim 7, wherein: the photon source emits divergent broad-beam photon particles.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of flow detection of multiphase fluid, in particular to a photon detection system, a calculation method thereof and a photon multiphase bidirectional flowmeter adopting the system.

Background

China uses a large country as the consumption of oil and gas, how to safely store related energy is always the central importance of national energy work, at the present stage, liquid oil is generally stored by an overground oil storage tank, and gaseous oil and gas are stored by a gas storage tank, so that a large safety risk exists.

The liquefied petroleum and natural gas is firstly subjected to gasification operation after being purchased abroad, then the gaseous petroleum and natural gas is injected into the gas storage, pressurized and sealed, and when the liquefied petroleum and natural gas is required to be used, the liquefied petroleum and natural gas is output from the gas storage, a flow meter is arranged at the inlet of the gas storage to measure the real-time data of flow, the flow meter at the present stage can only support single-phase single-direction metering, namely, the flow condition during input or output can only be measured, and the metering requirement under the actual working condition of the gas storage cannot be met.

Chinese patent with publication number CN 209027597U discloses a two-way flow measurement differential pressure type venturi tube flowmeter, through rotating the adjustable ring that cup joints between the bearing lateral wall of both sides to evenly set up the screw and the connecting plate of evenly welding in the adjustable ring left and right sides in the annular groove left and right sides through the bolt cooperation, fix the angle of adjusting ring, in order to reach the purpose of freely adjusting the pressure pipe angle of getting of connecting between support ring and adjustable ring, need not to rotate the flowmeter and can adjust and get the angle of the differential pressure transmitter who presses the pipe connection, effectively improve work efficiency.

According to the technical scheme, bidirectional flow measurement is realized, but the throttling element similar to the Venturi tube can only measure a single-phase medium, when gaseous petroleum and natural gas is injected into the gas storage, the medium can be ensured to be a single gas phase in the process, and as a certain amount of petroleum and natural gas residue possibly exists in a waste oil well or liquid media such as water exist, the medium is not a single gas phase medium when the petroleum and natural gas is output, and if the flow is measured by the method continuously, the accuracy of the flow is low.

Multiphase fluids are a fluid form often encountered in industrial processes and are composed of two or more distinct interphase phases, including gas/liquid, liquid/solid, gas/solid, liquid/liquid two-phase flow, and gas/liquid, gas/liquid/solid, liquid/solid, gas/solid, and the like. A great deal of two-phase flow and multiphase flow measurement problems exist in various fields of industrial processes, life sciences, nature and the like.

In the oil and gas industry, oil and gas well products simultaneously comprise gas-liquid-solid mixed fluid of liquid-phase crude oil, gas-phase natural gas and solid-phase sandy soil, and are called multiphase flow in the industry. Wherein the gas phase comprises, for example, oil and gas field gas or any gas that is non-condensable at normal temperature, such as, in particular, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc.; the liquid phase may include: oil phases, such as crude oil itself and liquid additives dissolved in crude oil during crude oil recovery, and water phases, such as formation water, water injected into oil and gas wells during recovery, and other liquid additives dissolved in the water phases; the solid phase comprises solid matters such as sand, soil and stones mixed in oil and gas exploitation. How to accurately measure the respective flow rates of gas, liquid and solid in a mixed fluid produced from a hydrocarbon well in real time is essential basic data for reservoir management and production optimization.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a light quantum detection system, a calculation method thereof and a light quantum multiphase bidirectional flowmeter adopting the system, wherein the detector has high resolution and higher detection precision.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a photon detection system comprises emitters and detection modules which are arranged on two sides of a throttling element, wherein the emitters are quantum photon sources and are used for emitting photons; the throttling element is used for fluid to pass through, and the emitter and the detection module are positioned on two sides of the throat part of the throttling element; the detection module is a detector array and comprises a plurality of detection units which are arranged in a matrix form, and each detection unit is used for receiving the light quantum which passes through the throttling element; the detection unit is a CZT semiconductor detector.

The basic principle of the throttling element is: a throttling device such as a Venturi, an orifice plate or a nozzle is arranged in a circular pipe filled with fluid, the position with the smallest diameter is called a throat part, when the fluid flows through the throttling device, static pressure difference is generated between the upstream and the throat part of the throttling device, a fixed function relation exists between the static pressure difference and the flowing flow, and the flow can be obtained by a flow formula as long as the static pressure difference is measured.

The light quanta emitted by the emitter pass through the throttling element and the fluid in the throttling element, and are received by the detection module, so that the volume flow of the fluid and the phase fraction of each phase in the fluid can be calculated according to the measured data.

Several commonly used semiconductor detectors, such as sipm, are different from scintillation crystals, and semiconductor radiation detection materials require a large carrier mobility to realize rapid response, and also require a large semiconductor forbidden band width to reduce thermal current to realize room temperature detection. For this reason, semiconductor materials are required to have both a wide energy band and a wide energy gap, and generally, they can be realized only in semiconductor materials with high atomic numbers. Meanwhile, since the effect of gamma rays and atoms is generally enhanced with the increase of atomic number, the semiconductor material with high atomic number also has higher detection efficiency.

The silicon material has a lower atomic number, so that the silicon material is suitable for detecting low-energy rays, and when the silicon material is used for detecting high-energy rays, the thickness of the detector material must be greater than a centimeter magnitude to ensure the detection efficiency; the high-purity germanium and arsenic wiper has medium atomic number, so the high-purity germanium and arsenic wiper can be used for detecting high-energy rays, but the thickness of a detection material also reaches the centimeter magnitude, and the accuracy is not enough; sodium iodide, mercury iodide and lead iodide are candidate materials of scintillation crystals because of large atomic number difference and very low carrier mobility, and are not suitable for semiconductor photoelectron detectors.

The CZT semiconductor detector adopted by the invention, namely cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe), has a higher atomic number, so that the thickness of the detection material can reach millimeter magnitude; by adding Zn atoms, the cadmium zinc telluride can realize the controllable cutting of the physical and chemical properties of the CdTe semiconductor material with high atomic number, such as the increase and decrease of forbidden bandwidth, the improvement of carrier mobility and service life, the elimination of polarization effect, the improvement of chemical stability and the like, thereby leading the CdZnTe to become the room-temperature semiconductor nuclear radiation detector material with excellent performance.

Because the CZT semiconductor detector can reach millimeter magnitude, the volume of each detection unit is small, only light quanta on the transmitting path of the transmitter can be received, other scattered light quanta are prevented from entering, and the precision is improved.

Meanwhile, the CZT semiconductor detector has high energy resolution, can reach the precision of 1KeV, and is very suitable for detecting 10 KeV-500 KeV photons. If a detection unit is preset to receive 100KeV photons, only 100KeV +/-1 KeV photons can be counted into the effective count of the detection unit, and photons with other energies can be screened out and not counted into the effective count. This effectively prevents some scattered photons from entering the detection unit, since the energy of the scattered photons must be much lower.

By adopting the CZT semiconductor detector, a collimator is not needed to be used for shielding scattered photons before the detector, the structure is simpler, the photon counting rate is high, and the detection precision is higher.

Preferably, the photon source emits divergent broad-beam photon particles.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection module in embodiment 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the path of light quanta in embodiment 1.

Fig. 4 is a rear view of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.