阅读说明：本技术 一种能见度传感器及其自清洁方法和标定方法 (Visibility sensor, self-cleaning method and calibration method thereof ) 是由 张可可 郑学勇 刘世萱 陈世哲 王波 赵强 万晓正 张继明 闫星魁 于 2019-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种能见度传感器及其自清洁方法和标定方法,该传感器包括发射端、接收端和连接部分,所述连接部分为双层圆环结构,上层圆环为可旋转圆环,其上安装有清洁刷和标定片,下层圆环为固定圆环,其上安装有发射窗口、透射接收窗口和散射接收窗口,所述发射端安装于发射窗口外,所述接收端包括透射接收端和散射接收端,分别安装于透射接收窗口和散射接收窗口外；所述清洁刷和标定片分别设置三个,三个清洁刷分别位于上述三个窗口的同一侧相同位置上,三个标定片分别位于上述三个窗口的另一侧相同位置上,本发明所公开的能见度传感器能够长期在海上恶劣的环境下使用,根据环境条件可以随时启动清洁和标定,具有很好的应用前景。(The invention discloses a visibility sensor and a self-cleaning method and a calibration method thereof, the sensor comprises a transmitting end, a receiving end and a connecting part, the connecting part is of a double-layer ring structure, the upper layer ring is a rotatable ring, a cleaning brush and a calibration sheet are arranged on the upper layer ring, the lower layer ring is a fixed ring, a transmitting window, a transmitting receiving window and a scattering receiving window are arranged on the lower layer ring, the transmitting end is arranged outside the transmitting window, the receiving end comprises a transmitting receiving end and a scattering receiving end, and the transmitting receiving end and the scattering receiving end are respectively arranged outside the transmitting receiving window and the scattering receiving window; the visibility sensor disclosed by the invention can be used in a severe marine environment for a long time, can start cleaning and calibration at any time according to environmental conditions, and has a good application prospect.)

1. A visibility sensor comprises an emitting end, a receiving end and a connecting part, and is characterized in that the connecting part is of a double-layer ring structure, the upper layer ring is a rotatable ring, a cleaning brush and a calibration sheet are mounted on the upper layer ring, the lower layer ring is a fixed ring, a transmitting window, a transmitting receiving window and a scattering receiving window are mounted on the lower layer ring, the emitting end is mounted outside the transmitting window, and the receiving end comprises a transmitting receiving end and a scattering receiving end which are respectively mounted outside the transmitting receiving window and the scattering receiving window; the cleaning brushes and the calibration sheets are respectively arranged in three numbers, the three cleaning brushes are respectively positioned on the same side and the same position of the three windows, and the three calibration sheets are respectively positioned on the same position of the other side of the three windows.

2. The visibility sensor according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning brush and the calibration sheet are located at an inner ring of the upper ring, the emission window, the transmission receiving window and the scattering receiving window are all provided with a lens and a window sheet, the lens is located at an outer ring of the lower ring, the window sheet is located at an inner ring of the lower ring, and the cleaning brush can be in close contact with the window sheet when aligned with the emission window, the transmission receiving window or the scattering receiving window.

3. The visibility sensor according to claim 1, wherein a flange is provided on an outer side of a top of the lower ring, a cross section of the upper ring is of an inner buckle structure, the flange is embedded in the inner buckle structure, a large gear is provided on an outer side of the upper ring, the large gear is connected with a motor through a small gear meshed with a gear of the large gear, and the motor and the small gear are mounted at the transmitting end.

4. The visibility sensor according to claim 3, wherein an infrared LED and an emission controller are arranged in the emission end, a transmission receiver is arranged in the transmission receiving end, a scattering receiver is arranged in the scattering receiving end, and the transmission receiver is in signal connection with the scattering receiver.

5. The visibility sensor according to claim 1, wherein a protective casing for the calibration sheet is provided at a position on the lower ring corresponding to the calibration sheet, the protective casing for the calibration sheet is open at two sides, and the calibration sheet can rotate into the protective casing for the calibration sheet.

6. The visibility sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optical axes of the emission window, the transmission receiving window and the scattering receiving window are on the same horizontal plane, the transmission receiving window is located right opposite to the emission window, the scattering receiving window is located laterally opposite to the emission window, and the scattering angle between the scattering receiving window and the emission window is 30-50 °.

7. A self-cleaning method for a visibility sensor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the upper ring is controlled to rotate back and forth within a certain angle, the upper ring drives the cleaning brush to move back and forth on the emission window, the transmission receiving window and the scattering receiving window, thereby cleaning the windows, and after cleaning, the upper ring is controlled to rotate in the reverse direction to reach the initial position.

8. A calibration method for a visibility sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

before the visibility sensor is used, firstly, a visibility metrological verification device is used for generating a stable visibility environment to calibrate the visibility sensor; rotating the calibration sheet to the positions of the emission window, the transmission receiving window and the scattering receiving window, recording the visibility value measured by the visibility sensor at the moment, and taking the visibility value as a standard value Y of the calibration sheet;

the visibility sensor works on the sea for a certain time, when the visibility sensor needs to be calibrated, the upper-layer circular ring is controlled to rotate, the calibration sheet is enabled to rotate to the positions of the transmitting window, the transmitting receiving window and the scattering receiving window, the visibility value X measured by the visibility sensor is recorded and tested, and the visibility meter is corrected by utilizing a correction coefficient:

Y＝K*X

in the formula: y is a standard value of the calibration sheet, X is a visibility value measured by the visibility sensor before correction, and a correction coefficient K is obtained according to a correction formula;

and finally, when the visibility sensor normally works, multiplying the visibility value obtained by measurement by a correction coefficient K to obtain corrected visibility data.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a visibility sensor, in particular to a visibility sensor capable of self-cleaning and calibrating at sea.

Background

Atmospheric visibility is an index reflecting atmospheric transparency, is one of basic parameters of meteorological observation, and has great influence on environmental protection, traffic transportation and the like. The visibility measuring method mainly comprises a transmission method and a scattering method, the transmission type visibility meter has strong received signal, high signal-to-noise ratio, large sampling volume and high measuring precision, but because the transmitting system and the receiving system of the transmission type visibility meter are split, the transmitting and receiving cannot be shielded, the occupied area is large, the field debugging is difficult, the detection precision depends on the length of a base line, the detection range is also influenced by the length of the base line, and the transmission type visibility meter is very sensitive to the pollution of optical devices. The scattering visibility meters are classified into a backward scattering visibility meter and a forward scattering visibility meter. The backscattering visibility meter has simple structure and large sampling area, but can not have shelters at the transmitting end and the receiving end, and has higher requirements on the installation site. The forward scattering visibility meter has the advantages of compact structure, simple installation, easy maintenance and wide measurement range, and can avoid the defect that a transmission optical system is difficult to align.

The forward scattering visibility meter is widely applied to meteorological departments and traffic departments, but when the forward scattering visibility meter is applied to an unattended offshore platform, various problems still exist, such as stability of a light source and pollution of optical devices caused by salt fog, dust and the like, transmission light intensity and scattering light intensity of the visibility meter can be changed, and accordingly, visibility data detected by the visibility meter can generate serious deviation. The optical devices of the visibility meter can be regularly cleaned by the land meteorological station so as to ensure the validity of the measurement data of the visibility meter, and how to clean and calibrate the optical devices of the visibility meter on an unattended offshore platform improves the measurement precision of the visibility meter and the long-term use stability of the visibility meter in various environments, and is still one of the key problems restricting the application of the forward scattering visibility meter on the sea.

At present, the visibility is corrected by increasing the measurement of transmitted light, so that the influence of factors such as pollution of environmental dust to a lens and power reduction caused by light source aging on the measurement result of an instrument is reduced. The device can reduce the influence of dust and light source aging on visibility measurement to a certain extent, but the visibility meter is required to continuously work for years on an unattended offshore platform, the influence of offshore salt fog, dust and the like on a visibility optical window is very serious, and the visibility correction effect is limited only by reference light.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a visibility sensor, a self-cleaning method and a calibration method thereof, so as to achieve the purposes of automatic cleaning and automatic calibration at sea, long service life and high measurement precision.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a visibility sensor comprises an emitting end, a receiving end and a connecting part, wherein the connecting part is of a double-layer ring structure, the upper layer ring is a rotatable ring, a cleaning brush and a calibration sheet are mounted on the rotatable ring, the lower layer ring is a fixed ring, a transmitting window, a transmitting receiving window and a scattering receiving window are mounted on the fixed ring, the emitting end is mounted outside the transmitting window, and the receiving end comprises a transmitting receiving end and a scattering receiving end which are respectively mounted outside the transmitting receiving window and the scattering receiving window; the cleaning brushes and the calibration sheets are respectively arranged in three numbers, the three cleaning brushes are respectively positioned on the same side and the same position of the three windows, and the three calibration sheets are respectively positioned on the same position of the other side of the three windows.

In the above scheme, the cleaning brush and the calibration sheet are both located in the inner ring of the upper layer ring, the lens and the window sheet are arranged in the emission window, the transmission receiving window and the scattering receiving window, the lens is located in the outer ring of the lower layer ring, the window sheet is located in the inner ring of the lower layer ring, and the cleaning brush can be in close contact with the window sheet when aligned with the emission window, the transmission receiving window or the scattering receiving window.

In the above scheme, the top outside of lower floor's ring is equipped with the flange, upper ring cross section is interior knot structure, the flange embedding in interior knot structure, the upper ring outside is equipped with the gear wheel, links to each other with the motor through the pinion rather than gear engagement, motor and pinion are installed in the transmitting terminal.

In the scheme, the infrared LED and the emission controller are arranged in the emission end, the transmission receiver is arranged in the transmission receiving end, the scattering receiver is arranged in the scattering receiving end, and the transmission receiver is in signal connection with the scattering receiver.

In the above scheme, a calibration sheet protective shell is arranged at a position, corresponding to the calibration sheet, on the lower-layer ring, openings are formed in two sides of the calibration sheet protective shell, and the calibration sheet can rotate to enter the calibration sheet protective shell.

In the above scheme, the optical axes of the emission window, the transmission receiving window and the scattering receiving window are on the same horizontal plane, the transmission receiving window is located right opposite to the emission window, the scattering receiving window is located laterally opposite to the emission window, and the scattering included angle between the scattering receiving window and the emission window is 30-50 °.

A self-cleaning method of a visibility sensor is characterized in that an upper ring is controlled to rotate back and forth within a certain angle, the upper ring drives a cleaning brush to move back and forth on an emission window, a transmission receiving window and a scattering receiving window, so that the windows are cleaned, and after cleaning is finished, the upper ring is controlled to rotate reversely to reach an initial position.

A calibration method of a visibility sensor comprises the following processes:

before the visibility sensor is used, firstly, a visibility metrological verification device is used for generating a stable visibility environment to calibrate the visibility sensor; rotating the calibration sheet to the positions of the emission window, the transmission receiving window and the scattering receiving window, recording the visibility value measured by the visibility sensor at the moment, and taking the visibility value as a standard value Y of the calibration sheet;

the visibility sensor works on the sea for a certain time, when the visibility sensor needs to be calibrated, the upper-layer circular ring is controlled to rotate, the calibration sheet is enabled to rotate to the positions of the transmitting window, the transmitting receiving window and the scattering receiving window, the visibility value X measured by the visibility sensor is recorded and tested, and the visibility meter is corrected by utilizing a correction coefficient:

Y＝K*X

in the formula: y is a standard value of the calibration sheet, X is a visibility value measured by the visibility sensor before correction, and a correction coefficient K is obtained according to a correction formula;

and finally, when the visibility sensor normally works, multiplying the visibility value obtained by measurement by a correction coefficient K to obtain corrected visibility data.

Through the technical scheme, the lower-layer circular ring structure of the visibility sensor is mainly used for completing measurement of atmospheric visibility, and the upper-layer circular ring structure is mainly used for completing cleaning of a visibility sensor window piece and calibration of the visibility sensor. When the upper ring is controlled to rotate forwards, the cleaning brush can be used for cleaning the window sheet, and when the upper ring rotates backwards, the calibration sheet can be used for calibrating the upper ring, so that the measurement precision is improved. The visibility sensor can be used in a severe offshore environment for a long time, can be started to be cleaned and calibrated at any time according to environmental conditions, and has a good application prospect.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a visibility sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a window portion disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a calibration sheet and a calibration sheet protection shell disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the detection principle of the visibility sensor.

In the figure, 1, an upper ring; 2. a cleaning brush; 3. calibrating the sheet; 4. a lower layer ring; 5. an emission window; 6. a transmissive receiving window; 7. a scatter receive window; 8. a transmitting end; 9. a transmission receiving end; 10. a scattering receiving end; 11. a lens; 12. a window sheet; 13. a bull gear; 14. a pinion gear; 15. a motor; 16. an infrared LED; 17. a launch controller; 18. a transmissive receiver; 19. a scatter receiver; 20. calibration piece protective housing.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

The invention provides a visibility sensor, a self-cleaning method and a calibration method thereof, and the visibility sensor can be automatically cleaned and calibrated at sea, as shown in a visibility sensor in figure 1.

The visibility sensor shown in fig. 1 includes a transmitting end, a receiving end and a connecting portion, wherein the connecting portion is a double-layer circular ring structure.

As shown in fig. 2, the upper ring 1 is a rotatable ring, on which a cleaning brush 2 and a calibration sheet 3 are mounted, and both the cleaning brush 2 and the calibration sheet 3 are located at the inner ring of the upper ring 1. The cleaning brush 2 and the calibration sheet 3 are connected below the upper-layer circular ring 1 through a fixing rod.

The lower-layer circular ring 4 is a fixed circular ring, an emission window 5, a transmission receiving window 6 and a scattering receiving window 7 are arranged on the lower-layer circular ring, an emission end 8 is arranged outside the emission window 5, and receiving ends comprise a transmission receiving end 9 and a scattering receiving end 10 which are respectively arranged outside the transmission receiving window 6 and the scattering receiving window 7. The cleaning brushes 2 and the calibration sheets 3 are respectively arranged in three numbers, the three cleaning brushes 2 are respectively positioned on the same side and the same position of the three windows, and the three calibration sheets 3 are respectively positioned on the same side and the same position of the three windows.

As shown in fig. 4, the lens 11 is located at the outer ring of the lower ring 4, the window sheet 12 is located at the inner ring of the lower ring 4, and the cleaning brush 2 can be in close contact with the window sheet 12 when aligned with the emission window 5, the transmission receiving window 6 or the scattering receiving window 7.

As shown in fig. 3, a flange is arranged on the outer side of the top of the lower ring 4, the cross section of the upper ring 1 is of an inner buckle structure, the flange is embedded into the inner buckle structure, a large gear 13 is arranged on the outer side of the upper ring 1 and is connected with a motor 15 through a small gear 14 meshed with the gear, and the motor 15 and the small gear 14 are installed at the transmitting end 8. The motor 15 drives the pinion 14 to rotate, so as to drive the gearwheel 13 to rotate, and the upper-layer ring 1 can rotate at the top of the lower-layer ring 4, so as to drive the cleaning brush 2 and the calibration sheet 3 to rotate.

An infrared LED 16 and an emission controller 17 are arranged in the emission end 8, a transmission receiver 18 is arranged in the transmission receiving end 9, a scattering receiver 19 is arranged in the scattering receiving end 10, the transmission receiver 18 is in signal connection with the scattering receiver 19, and the scattering receiving end 10 transmits signals to an upper computer for calculation.

As shown in fig. 5, a calibration sheet protection shell 20 is disposed at a position corresponding to the calibration sheet 3 on the lower ring 4, openings are formed at two sides of the calibration sheet protection shell 20, and the calibration sheet 3 can rotate into the calibration sheet protection shell 20 to prevent the surface of the calibration sheet 3 from being contaminated.

In this embodiment, the optical axes of the emission window 5, the transmission receiving window 6 and the scattering receiving window 7 are on the same horizontal plane, the transmission receiving window 6 is located right opposite to the emission window 5, the scattering receiving window 7 is located laterally opposite to the emission window 5, and the scattering included angle a between the scattering receiving window 7 and the emission window 5 is 30 to 50 °, preferably 45 °.

(1) The detection process of the visibility sensor is as follows:

as shown in fig. 6, the emitting module includes an infrared LED, a driving modulation phase shift circuit and an LED light intensity detector, the emitting module of the visibility sensor enables the infrared LED to generate 875nm light pulses at a frequency of 2.3kHz, the problems of total power and instantaneous power of the infrared LED during operation and natural heat dissipation are solved by using a narrow pulse modulation technique, and the aging speed of the infrared LED is reduced. The LED light intensity detector monitors the light intensity of the infrared LED, automatically feeds back the light intensity, adjusts the amplitude of light pulse, and always keeps the light intensity of the infrared LED at a preset value.

The transmission receiving module and the scattering receiving module respectively comprise a photodiode, an amplifying and filtering circuit, a phase-locking amplifying circuit and a band-pass filtering circuit. The transmission photodiode is used for converting received transmission light signals into electric signals, and the scattering photodiode is used for converting received scattering light signals into electric signals. The reference signal of the electric signal and the modulation circuit synchronization is sent to a phase-locked amplifier for relevant detection, signal acquisition and data processing are carried out by a signal acquisition processing circuit after band-pass filtering, and atmospheric visibility data are obtained by contrast measurement of a scattering signal and a transmission signal.

(2) A self-cleaning method of a visibility sensor comprises the following steps:

the upper-layer ring 1 is controlled to rotate back and forth within a certain angle, the upper-layer ring 1 drives the cleaning brush 2 to move back and forth on the emission window 5, the transmission receiving window 6 and the scattering receiving window 7, so that the windows are cleaned, and after the cleaning is finished, the upper-layer ring 1 is controlled to rotate reversely to reach an initial position. The time interval of each operation of the cleaning brush 2 is determined according to actual needs, and may be, for example, once per hour or once per day.

(3) The calibration method of the visibility sensor comprises the following processes:

before the visibility sensor is used, firstly, a visibility metrological verification device is used for generating a stable visibility environment, the visibility sensor is calibrated, a calibration sheet 3 is rotated to the positions of an emission window 5, a transmission receiving window 6 and a scattering receiving window 7, the visibility value measured by the visibility sensor at the moment is recorded, and the visibility value is used as a standard value Y of the calibration sheet 3;

the visibility sensor works for a certain time on the sea, when the visibility sensor needs to be calibrated, the upper ring 1 is controlled to rotate, the calibration sheet 3 is made to rotate to the positions of the transmitting window 5, the transmitting receiving window 6 and the scattering receiving window 7, the visibility value X measured by the visibility sensor is recorded and tested, and the visibility meter is corrected by utilizing a correction coefficient:

Y＝K*X

in the formula: y is a standard value of the calibration sheet 3, X is a visibility value measured by the visibility sensor before correction, and a correction coefficient K is obtained according to a correction formula;

and finally, when the visibility sensor normally works, multiplying the visibility value obtained by measurement by a correction coefficient K to obtain corrected visibility data.

And completing the calibration of the visibility sensor once. And calibrating at intervals.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.