阅读说明：本技术 一种基于水面明暗波纹的河流流速测量装置和方法 (River flow velocity measuring device and method based on water surface light and shade ripples ) 是由 丁勇 李友杰 于 2019-08-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了基于水面明暗波纹的河流流速测量装置和方法,利用一根不规则测杆,在顶端盖板下安装监控摄像头,在测杆顶部安装蓄电池和太阳能板。该装置安装在河流中央时,水流会通过不规则测杆,在测杆的尾部产生明暗相间的水面波纹,其将会被测杆顶端摄像机拍摄同时进行图像的抓取,利用视频监控将河流水面明暗相间的波浪波纹实时形成序列图像,对序列图像波纹进行自动检测与分析。这种基于水面明暗波纹河流流速测量方法和装置可以方便快速检测出不同流速水流通过测杆后的速度v。本发明具有设备简单、测验历时短、数据自动显示、自动保存、方便查询、工作人员参与少、瞬间可采集多个数据,并且在有探照灯等照明设备的情况下,不会间断等特点。(The invention discloses a river flow velocity measuring device and method based on water surface light and shade ripples. When the device is installed in the river center, rivers can pass through irregular measuring staff, produce the alternate surface of water ripple of light and shade at the afterbody of measuring staff, and it will be shot by measuring staff top camera and carry out snatching of image simultaneously, utilizes video monitoring to form the alternate wave ripple of river surface of water light and shade sequence image in real time, carries out automated inspection and analysis to sequence image ripple. The river flow velocity measuring method and device based on the water surface light and shade ripple can conveniently and quickly detect the velocity v of water flow passing through the measuring rod at different flow velocities. The invention has the characteristics of simple equipment, short testing duration, automatic data display, automatic storage, convenient query, less participation of workers, capability of instantly acquiring a plurality of data, no interruption and the like under the condition of lighting equipment such as searchlights and the like.)

1. A river flow velocity measuring method based on water surface light and shade ripples is characterized in that: comprises that

Inserting a measuring rod into a river, wherein the river flows through the tail part of the measuring rod to generate light and shade alternate ripples;

step (2) positioning, shooting and grabbing the measuring rod and the light and shade alternate ripples at the tail part of the measuring rod through a camera at the top end of the measuring rod;

step (3) the computer statistically analyzes the shot image to obtain the river wavelength lambda;

step (4) adjusting the photographing frequency f of the camera;

step (5) is represented by the formulaOrThe river flow velocity V is obtained.

2. The river flow velocity measuring method based on the light and shade ripples on the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the ratio of the image obtained in the step (3) to the real scene is 1: 1; the distance between the first peak and the third peak in the same direction sequence is obtained by using software ANSYS, namely the wavelength lambda is obtained.

3. The utility model provides a river velocity of flow measuring device based on surface of water light and shade ripple which characterized in that: comprises a vertically arranged measuring rod with an irregular cross section; the top of the measuring rod is provided with a storage battery and a solar panel, the solar panel absorbs energy to store the energy for the storage battery, the energy is continuously supplied to the monitoring camera for power consumption, and the river flow velocity is measured continuously day and night; a top cover plate is installed at the top of one side of the side rod, a monitoring camera is installed on the lower surface of the ejector rod, and the camera is used for shooting waves with alternate light and shade on the water surface of the river.

4. The river flow velocity measuring device based on the light and shade ripples on the water surface according to claim 3, characterized in that: the cross section of the measuring rod comprises a plurality of types, which can enable the water surface to generate more obvious water surface ripples, and the types are all based on a regular triangle, or a plurality of equally spaced gaps are arranged on two adjacent sides; or the two adjacent edges are provided with bulges at equal intervals; or two adjacent edges form a parabola; or two adjacent edges form a concave line.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of river flow velocity testing, and particularly relates to a river flow velocity measuring method and device based on water surface light and shade ripples.

Background

China has a high terrain in the west and low east, numerous rivers, complex terrain, uneven rainfall spatial-temporal distribution, and flood disasters are always the focus of great attention of people, and a series of measures are made to prevent and control the flood disasters. However, according to the characteristics of flood disasters in China in recent years, the connotation and influence of disaster loss are greatly changed, and mountain torrent disasters account for a large proportion. As major progress is made in the construction of main river dikes and the danger removal and reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs, the number of dead people caused by flood in large rivers in China is in a descending trend, but flood accidents caused by rainwater with large precipitation amount still occur in some remote areas frequently. Mountain torrent disasters have become a prominent problem in current national flood control and disaster reduction works.

At present, hydrological forecasting systems are still in relatively laggard states of manual measurement, manual analysis and manual reporting in mountain stream rivers. For cross-sectional flow rate measurement work at small flow rates (<20m³In the environment of/s), measuring by a manual current meter; at a large flow rate of (>200m³In/s) environment, the buoy is manually released at the upstream, and the downstream section is manually measured by timing estimation. When flood conditions occur, the mode mainly based on manual measurement often cannot accurately measure data such as water level, flow velocity, flow and the like in time, and the capability of coping with natural disasters is weakened.

Therefore, a river flow velocity measuring method and device based on the light and shade ripples of the water surface are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a river flow velocity measuring method and device based on water surface light and shade ripples according to the conditions that the topography distribution of China, some remote mountain areas, flood and mountain stream flow testing conditions are difficult, the fluctuation rate is large, the accompanying flow velocity is high, the number of floating objects is large, the cross section erosion and deposition is large, and the actual measurement of a flow velocity meter is difficult.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the invention inserts an irregular measuring rod in the center of the river, water flow passes through the measuring rod by utilizing the flow of the river, water surface ripples with alternate light and shade are formed at the tail part of the measuring rod, photos of the water surface ripples with alternate light and shade at the tail part of the measuring rod are quickly captured and form an ordered image by a monitoring camera under a cover plate at the top end of the measuring rod, the ordered image is transmitted to a far-end computer in a wireless transmission mode, finally, the wavelength lambda of the ripples with alternate light and shade is detected and analyzed by the computer, and the flow velocity v of the water flow is obtained by utilizing a formula. The following two methods were used for measurement:

the method comprises the following steps: the wake wavelength λ caused by the river surface when encountering a fixed installation can be calculated as follows:

wherein v is the water flow velocity, the wavelength of the visible wave is only related to the river surface movement velocity, the wavelength lambda is longer when the velocity v is larger, and the wavelength lambda is shorter when the velocity v is smaller.

The method 2 comprises the following steps: the surface flow velocity v of the river is related to the river wavelength lambda and the frequency f:

where v is the relative velocity of the water flow, f is the frequency and λ is the wavelength. The wavelength lambda can be obtained by analyzing light and shade alternate ripples of the tail trace of the measuring rod, and the frequency f can be obtained by adjusting the photographing frequency of the monitoring camera.

The river flow velocity measuring method and device based on the water surface light and shade ripples need a fixed measuring rod fixed in a river, the measuring rod is fixed in the river, when the measuring rod is long enough, the measuring rod can bear the impact effect of the river, and the water surface ripples with alternate light and shade can be continuously generated at the tail of the measuring rod.

The system is characterized by comprising a water surface ripple distinguishing module, a photographing module, a wireless communication module, an image receiving module, an image identification module and an application management module.

A solar panel comprising a storage battery is installed at the top of the measuring rod, and the solar panel has the main function of continuously supplying power to the monitoring camera, so that the purpose of continuously measuring the river flow speed for 24 hours day and night is realized.

Has the advantages that:

the invention designs a speed measuring fixing device suitable for rivers with various flows aiming at the requirement of actual water flow, can be applied to various complex environments, and effectively overcomes the problems of high flood flow testing conditions, high fluctuation rate, high accompanying flow velocity, more floating objects, large section erosion and siltation and difficult on-site monitoring of a current meter.

The invention can realize full automation and all-weather operation, has rapid response to sudden flood events, can achieve higher precision than manual operation in the aspect of monitoring and control, can save labor expenditure, and can reduce the safety risk caused by the fact that personnel often go in and out to measure the water flow speed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spindle of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a wave image with alternating light and dark.

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

1-solar panel, 2-storage battery, 3-camera, 4-tail ripple area, 5-measuring rod, 6-water, 7-silt.

Detailed Description

As shown in figure 1, the river flow velocity measuring device based on the light and shade ripples on the water surface is characterized in that an irregular measuring rod 5 is vertically arranged, and the bottom of the irregular measuring rod is inserted into silt 7 and is vertical to the water surface 6. The top of the measuring rod 5 is provided with a storage battery 2, and the storage battery 2 is provided with a solar panel 1; the side of measuring staff 5 sets up the curb plate, and the lower surface of curb plate sets up camera 3.

The cross section of the measuring rod comprises a plurality of types, which can enable the water surface to generate more obvious water surface ripples, and the types are all based on a regular triangle, or a plurality of equally spaced gaps are arranged on two adjacent sides; or the two adjacent edges are provided with bulges at equal intervals; or two adjacent edges form a parabola; or two adjacent edges form a concave line

The river flow velocity measuring method based on the water surface light and shade ripples,

firstly, as shown in fig. 1, a set test rod is put into a river; in the figure, the water flow flows from right to left, the water flow passes through the measuring rod, and water surface ripples 4 with alternate light and shade are formed at the tail part of the measuring rod;

secondly, positioning, shooting and grabbing the measuring rod and the light and shade alternate ripples at the tail part of the measuring rod by using a camera;

and thirdly, statistically analyzing the shot image by a computer, wherein the shot image mainly aims at the ripples with alternate light and shade.

Fourthly, analyzing by a computer in the method 1 to obtain the wake wavelength lambda of light and shade alternate ripples formed by the tail of the river flowing through the measuring rod;

method 2 adjusting the self-photographing frequency f of the camera

The fifth step, use the calculation formula (1)Or using the formula (2)The river flow rate is obtained.