阅读说明：本技术 夹层玻璃及车辆系统 (Laminated glass and vehicle system ) 是由 中山和彦 野原敦 伊井大三 于 2020-03-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明的夹层玻璃是具有红外线反射层的夹层玻璃,其一面的入射角60°的波长900～1300nm的光的平均反射率R(A)为20％以下。根据本发明,即使在夹层玻璃设置了红外线反射层的情况下,也防止从一面入射的红外线在红外线反射层中的反射,使红外线监测系统中的监测精度提高。(The laminated glass has an infrared reflecting layer, and has an average reflectance R (A) of 20% or less for light having a wavelength of 900 to 1300nm and an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface thereof. According to the present invention, even when the infrared reflective layer is provided on the laminated glass, the infrared ray incident from one surface is prevented from being reflected by the infrared reflective layer, and the monitoring accuracy in the infrared monitoring system is improved.)

1. A laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, wherein the average reflectance R (A) of light having a wavelength of 900 to 1300nm and an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface of the laminated glass is 20% or less.

2. A laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, wherein the average reflectance R (1) of light having a wavelength of 900 to 1000nm and an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface thereof is 20% or less.

3. A laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, wherein the average reflectance R (2) of light having a wavelength of 1000 to 1100nm and an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface thereof is 20% or less.

4. A laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, wherein the average reflectance R (3) of light having an incident angle of 60 DEG and a wavelength of 1100 to 1200nm on one surface is 20% or less.

5. A laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, wherein the average reflectance R (4) of light having a wavelength of 1200 to 1300nm and an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface of the laminated glass is 20% or less.

6. A laminated glass used in an infrared monitoring system and having an infrared reflecting layer,

and an average reflectance R (B) of light having a maximum emission wavelength of + -50 nm of the infrared light source used for the infrared monitoring at an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface of the optical member is 20% or less.

7. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:

a 1 st glass plate and a 2 nd glass plate with the infrared reflective layer disposed therebetween; and

and an absorber-containing layer which is arranged between the 1 st glass plate and the 2 nd glass plate on the side closer to the infrared reflection layer and contains an infrared absorber.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 7, wherein the infrared absorber comprises a 1 st infrared absorber having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 900 to 1300 nm.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 8, wherein the infrared absorber further comprises heat insulating particles.

10. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising a 2 nd resin layer, wherein the 2 nd resin layer is disposed between the 1 st glass plate and the 2 nd glass plate on the other surface side than the infrared-reflective layer.

11. A vehicle system is provided with:

the laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 10 provided on a vehicle body;

a light source that is provided inside the vehicle body and emits infrared rays; and

a light receiving mechanism which is provided inside the vehicle main body and receives reflected light from the object to be observed to which the infrared ray is irradiated,

the state of the object to be observed is detected by the reflected light received by the light receiving means.

12. The vehicle system of claim 11, the laminated glass comprising a windshield.

13. The vehicle system according to claim 11 or 12, further comprising a face recognition system that recognizes a face of the observed object by the received reflected light.

14. The vehicle system according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the light receiving means receives reflected light from the object to be observed via reflection by the laminated glass.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a laminated glass and a vehicle system having the laminated glass.

Background

Laminated glass in which an interlayer film is integrated between 2 glass sheets is widely used as window glass for automobiles. The intermediate film is often formed of plasticized polyvinyl acetal in which a plasticizer is mixed with a polyvinyl acetal resin. Even if the laminated glass is broken by external impact, scattering of glass fragments is reduced, and safety is improved.

Conventionally, laminated glass used in automobiles is required to have improved heat insulation properties in order to prevent the interior of the automobile from becoming excessively high temperature by external light such as sunlight. Therefore, it is known that an interlayer film for a laminated glass is mixed with an organic pigment, metal oxide particles, or the like having a high heat insulating effect, or an infrared reflective layer is provided (for example, see patent documents 1 and 2). Further, it is also known to provide a functional plastic film composed of an infrared-reflective layer and an infrared-reflective layer (for example, see patent document 3).

On the other hand, the development of an automatic driving system for an automobile has been advanced in recent years, and now, the practical use under the LEVEL3 (conditional driving automation) has been advanced. The automatic driving system of LEVEL3 requires a driver to operate if a request is made from the system during operation, such as in an emergency. Therefore, it is important to monitor the riding of the vehicle by the driver in a state where the driver can operate.

As a monitoring system, a technique has been proposed in which infrared rays are irradiated to the face of a driver, and reflected light is captured by an infrared camera, thereby recognizing the face of the driver. Infrared rays use wavelengths in the near infrared region that cannot be recognized by human eyes and are easily reflected by human skin. This makes it possible to determine whether the driver is sitting, the direction of the line of sight, whether the driver is drowsy, whether the driver is a precursor to drowsy, and the like.

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: international publication No. 2015/115627

Patent document 2: international publication No. 2014/200108

Patent document 3: international publication No. 2010/098287

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

In the monitoring system using infrared rays, if a face can be photographed from the front, the movement of the eyes of a driver, blinking, and the like can be observed, and therefore, the accuracy is higher. As a method of taking an image from the front of the face, it has been studied to take an image by reflecting infrared light that has been irradiated onto the face and reflected by the face on a windshield and then receiving the reflected infrared light with an infrared camera.

On the other hand, infrared light is also included in external light such as sunlight that enters from the outside of the vehicle. Therefore, when the monitoring system is applied, if external light is directly applied to the face of the driver, noise is generated, and in some cases, halo due to an excessive amount of light occurs, which hinders face recognition. The halo is a phenomenon that the light is too strong and thus exceeds the detection sensitivity of the camera, and the observed image becomes unclear. Therefore, in order to reduce noise caused by external light, it is necessary to provide laminated glass with a function of cutting off a wavelength used for an infrared camera from the external light. As one mode, it has been studied to provide an infrared reflective layer in a laminated glass.

However, when the infrared reflective layer is provided in the interlayer film of the laminated glass, infrared rays from the vehicle interior are reflected not only on the glass surface (glass-air interface) of the vehicle interior but also on the infrared reflective layer. As described above, if reflection occurs not only on the glass surface but also on the infrared reflective layer, the number of images captured by the infrared camera becomes 2, and the monitoring accuracy is significantly reduced.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to prevent infrared rays incident from one surface from being reflected by an infrared reflective layer even when the laminated glass is provided with the infrared reflective layer, and to improve monitoring accuracy in an infrared monitoring system.

Means for solving the problems

As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by lowering the average reflectance of light in a predetermined wavelength region of infrared light having an incident angle of 60 ° on one surface, and have completed the following invention.

Namely, the present invention provides the following [1] to [14 ].

[1] A laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, wherein the average reflectance R (A) of light having a wavelength of 900 to 1300nm and an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface of the laminated glass is 20% or less.

[2] A laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, wherein the average reflectance R (1) of light having a wavelength of 900 to 1000nm and an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface thereof is 20% or less.

[3] A laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, wherein the average reflectance R (2) of light having a wavelength of 1000 to 1100nm and an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface thereof is 20% or less.

[4] A laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, wherein the average reflectance R (3) of light having an incident angle of 60 DEG and a wavelength of 1100 to 1200nm on one surface is 20% or less.

[5] A laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, wherein the average reflectance R (4) of light having a wavelength of 1200 to 1300nm and an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface of the laminated glass is 20% or less.

[6] A laminated glass used in an infrared monitoring system and having an infrared reflecting layer,

the average reflectance R (B) of light having a maximum emission wavelength of + -50 nm of the infrared light source used for the infrared monitoring at an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface thereof is 20% or less.

[7] The laminated glass according to any one of the above [1] to [6], which comprises:

a 1 st glass plate and a 2 nd glass plate with the infrared reflecting layer disposed therebetween; and

and an absorber-containing layer which is disposed between the 1 st glass plate and the 2 nd glass plate on the side closer to the infrared reflection layer and contains an infrared absorber.

[8] The laminated glass according to the above [7], wherein the infrared absorber comprises a 1 st infrared absorber having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 900 to 1300 nm.

[9] The laminated glass according to the above [8], wherein the infrared absorber further comprises heat insulating particles.

[10] The laminated glass according to any one of the above [7] to [9], further comprising a 2 nd resin layer, wherein the 2 nd resin layer is disposed between the 1 st glass plate and the 2 nd glass plate on the other surface side than the infrared reflective layer.

[11] A vehicle system is provided with:

the laminated glass according to any one of [1] to [10] provided in a vehicle body;

a light source that is provided inside the vehicle body and emits infrared rays; and

a light receiving mechanism that is provided inside the vehicle main body and receives reflected light from the object to be observed to which the infrared ray is irradiated;

the state of the object to be observed is detected by the reflected light received by the light receiving means.

[12] The vehicle system according to item [11], wherein the laminated glass constitutes a windshield.

[13] The vehicle system according to the above [11] or [12], further comprising a face recognition system that recognizes the face of the observed object by the received reflected light.

[14] The vehicle system according to any one of the above [11] to [13], wherein the light receiving means receives reflected light from the object to be observed via reflection by the laminated glass.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

According to the present invention, even when the infrared reflective layer is provided on the laminated glass, the infrared ray incident from one surface is prevented from being reflected by the infrared reflective layer, and the monitoring accuracy in the infrared monitoring system is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated glass according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated glass according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated glass having a wedge-shaped interlayer film.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a wedge-shaped intermediate film.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a wedge-shaped intermediate film.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a vehicle system having a laminated glass of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining an infrared camera observation test.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

< laminated glass >

(average reflectance)

The laminated glass of the present invention has an infrared-reflective layer, and the average reflectance R of light in a predetermined wavelength region of infrared light having an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface is 20% or less.

The laminated glass of the present invention has an infrared-reflective layer, but has a low reflectance on one surface. When such a laminated glass is used in a vehicle, and the other surface is the vehicle exterior side and the one surface is the vehicle interior side, incidence of infrared rays from the vehicle exterior side can be prevented by the infrared ray reflective layer. On the other hand, on the vehicle interior side, since undesired reflection by the infrared ray reflective layer is prevented, the monitoring accuracy is improved. Further, since 2-fold reflection toward the inside of the vehicle by the infrared-ray reflective layer can be reduced, the monitoring accuracy is further improved when the infrared ray used for monitoring is reflected by the laminated glass and then imaged on the imaging device.

The laminated glass includes a 1 st glass plate and a 2 nd glass plate, and in various vehicles, the 1 st glass plate is disposed on the vehicle exterior side and the 2 nd glass plate is disposed on the vehicle interior side. The surface of the 1 st glass plate is preferably the other surface, and the surface of the 2 nd glass plate is preferably the one surface. The same applies to the following description.

In addition, the reason why the incidence angle is set to 60 ° in the measurement of the reflectance is that in an infrared monitoring system, the infrared ray used for monitoring is often incident on the laminated glass obliquely at a certain angle. The method for measuring the average reflectance R is specifically as shown in examples.

More specifically, the laminated glass according to an embodiment of the present invention is a laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, and the average reflectance r (a) of light having a wavelength of 900 to 1300nm at an incident angle of 60 ° on one surface is 20% or less.

When an infrared monitoring system is introduced into various vehicles such as automobiles, 900 to 1300nm infrared light is expected to be used for monitoring. The 900-1300nm infrared light is not recognized by human eyes, is easily reflected by human skin, and is suitable for monitoring passengers such as a driver. Therefore, if the average reflectance R (A) of light having a wavelength of 900 to 1300nm is set to 20% or less as described above, the accuracy in monitoring using infrared rays having a wavelength of 900 to 1300nm suitable for monitoring becomes high, and a suitable infrared monitoring system can be realized.

In order to realize more accurate infrared monitoring, the average reflectance R (A) of light having a wavelength of 900 to 1300nm is preferably 15% or less, more preferably 13% or less, further preferably 12% or less, and most preferably 11% or less. In order to prevent unwanted reflection on the vehicle interior side, the average reflectance r (a) of light having a wavelength of 900 to 1300nm is preferably as low as possible, but from the viewpoint of ensuring reflectance and visible light transmittance on the other surface at a constant level or higher, for example, it may be 3% or higher, 5% or higher, or 7% or higher.

A laminated glass according to another embodiment of the present invention is a laminated glass having an infrared-reflective layer, and the average reflectance of one surface satisfies at least one of the following requirements (1) to (4).

(1) An average reflectance R (1) of light having an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface and a wavelength of 900 to 1000nm is 20% or less

(2) An average reflectance R (2) of light having an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface and a wavelength of 1000 to 1100nm is 20% or less

(3) An average reflectance R (3) of light having an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface and a wavelength of 1100 to 1200nm of 20% or less

(4) An average reflectance R (4) of light having an incident angle of 60 DEG on one surface and a wavelength of 1200 to 1300nm of 20% or less

An infrared light source used in an infrared monitoring system often uses an LED, which generally has a narrow emission wavelength region. When infrared rays in a narrow wavelength range are selectively used by using such an LED, the monitoring accuracy can be improved by reducing the reflectance in a specific wavelength range as shown in (1) to (4) above.

As described above, when at least 1 of the requirements (1) to (4) is satisfied, it is preferable that the maximum emission wavelength of the infrared light source used in the infrared monitoring system is present in the wavelength region in (1) to (4) satisfying the requirements. That is, when the average reflectance R (1) of light having a wavelength of 900 to 1000nm is 20% or less, the maximum emission wavelength of the light source used is preferably 900 to 1000 nm. When the average reflectance R (2) of light having a wavelength of 1000 to 1100nm is 20% or less, the maximum emission wavelength of the light source used is preferably 1000 to 1100 nm. When the average reflectance R (3) of light having a wavelength of 1100 to 1200nm is 20% or less, the maximum emission wavelength of the light source used is preferably 1100 to 1200 nm. When the average reflectance R (4) of light having a wavelength of 1200 to 1300nm is 20% or less, the maximum emission wavelength of the light source used is preferably 1200 to 1300 nm.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the average reflectance R (1) to R (4) of the laminated glass is preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 3 or more to 20% or less. If the average reflectance R becomes lower in such a wide range of wavelength region, the monitoring accuracy becomes higher.

When 2 or 3 average reflectances R are 20% or less, the average reflectances R of adjacent wavelength regions are preferably 20% or less. That is, it is preferable that the average reflectance R (1) and the average reflectance R (2), the average reflectance R (2) and the average reflectance R (3), or the average reflectance R (3) and the average reflectance R (4) be 20% or less.

Further, it is more preferable that the average reflectance R (1), the average reflectance R (2), and the average reflectance R (3), or the average reflectance R (2), the average reflectance R (3), and the average reflectance R (4) be 20% or less. In this way, if the average reflectance R of the wavelength regions adjacent to each other is made 20% or less, the average reflectance R becomes continuously low in the wide range of wavelength regions, so the monitoring accuracy becomes higher. In order to further improve the monitoring accuracy, it is preferable that all of the average reflectances R (1) to R (4) be 20% or less.

When at least 1 of the average reflectances R (1) to R (4) is 20% or less as described above, the average reflectance R (a) is not necessarily 20% or less, but the average reflectance R (a) is preferably 20% or less. Since at least 1 of the average reflectances R (1) to R (4) is 20% or less and the average reflectivity R (a) is also 20% or less, the monitoring accuracy can be more easily improved. In this case, as described above, at least 2 of the average reflectances R (1) to R (4) are more preferably 20% or less, at least 3 of the average reflectances R (1) to R (4) are more preferably 20% or less, and all of the average reflectances R (1) to R (4) are preferably 20% or less. Specific combinations in the case where at least 2 or 3 of the average reflectances R (1) to R (4) are 20% or less are as described above.

In the laminated glass of the present embodiment, in order to realize infrared monitoring with higher accuracy, the average reflectance R (1) is preferably 13% or less, more preferably 12% or less, and further preferably 11% or less. In order to prevent unwanted reflection on the vehicle interior side, the average reflectance R (1) of light having a wavelength of 900 to 1000nm is preferably as low as possible, but from the viewpoint of ensuring reflectance and visible light transmittance on the other surface to be constant or higher, for example, it may be 3% or more, 5% or more, or 7% or more.

In the laminated glass of the present embodiment, in order to realize infrared monitoring with higher accuracy, the average reflectance R (2) is preferably 15% or less, more preferably 13% or less, further preferably 12% or less, and most preferably 11% or less. In order to prevent unwanted reflection on the vehicle interior side, the average reflectance R (2) of light having a wavelength of 1000 to 1100nm is preferably as low as possible, but from the viewpoint of ensuring reflectance and visible light transmittance on the other surface to be constant or higher, for example, it may be 3% or more, 5% or more, or 7% or more.

In the laminated glass of the present embodiment, in order to realize infrared monitoring with higher accuracy, the average reflectance R (3) is preferably 15% or less, more preferably 13% or less, further preferably 12% or less, further preferably 11% or less, and most preferably 10% or less. In order to prevent unwanted reflection on the vehicle interior side, the average reflectance R (3) of light having a wavelength of 1100 to 1200nm is preferably as low as possible, but from the viewpoint of ensuring reflectance and visible light transmittance on the other surface to be constant or higher, for example, it may be 3% or more, 5% or more, or 7% or more.

In the laminated glass of the present embodiment, in order to realize infrared monitoring with higher accuracy, the average reflectance R (4) is preferably 15% or less, more preferably 13% or less, still more preferably 12% or less, still more preferably 11% or less, and most preferably 10% or less. In order to prevent unwanted reflection on the vehicle interior side, the average reflectance R (4) of light having a wavelength of 1200 to 1300nm is preferably as low as possible, but from the viewpoint of ensuring reflectance and visible light transmittance on the other surface to be constant or higher, for example, it may be 3% or more, 5% or more, or 7% or more.

In a laminated glass according to still another embodiment of the present invention, the laminated glass is used in an infrared monitoring system and has an infrared reflecting layer, and the average reflectance r (b) of light having a maximum emission wavelength ± 50nm of an infrared light source used for infrared monitoring at an incident angle of 60 ° on one surface of the laminated glass is 20% or less. The maximum emission wavelength is a wavelength at which the emission intensity of the infrared light source used for monitoring is the highest.

As described above, an LED is often used as an infrared light source used in an infrared monitoring system, and the LED generally has a narrow emission wavelength range. Therefore, if the average reflectance r (b) of light in the wavelength region of the maximum emission wavelength of the light source and the vicinity thereof is 20% or less, accurate monitoring can be achieved.

In order to realize infrared monitoring with higher accuracy, the average reflectance r (b) is preferably 13% or less, more preferably 12% or less, still more preferably 11% or less, and still more preferably 10% or less. In order to prevent unwanted reflection on the vehicle interior side, the lower the average reflectance r (b), the better, but from the viewpoint of ensuring reflectance and visible light transmittance on the other surface at a constant level or higher, the average reflectance r (b) may be, for example, 3% or higher, 5% or higher, or 7% or higher.

(visible light transmittance)

The laminated glass of the present invention has a visible light transmittance (Tv) of, for example, 40% or more from the viewpoint of ensuring a certain transparency, but is preferably 60% or more for use as a window glass, and more preferably 70% or more for use as a front window glass of an automobile.

On the other hand, the higher the visible light transmittance, the better from the viewpoint of transparency of the window glass, but from the viewpoint of securing a certain reflectance on the other surface side and the viewpoint of facilitating improvement of heat insulating properties, it is preferably 99% or less, more preferably 95% or less, further preferably 92% or less, and still further preferably 85% or less.

The visible light transmittance (Tv) may be measured in accordance with JIS R3212(2015), and the specific measurement method is as shown in examples.

(Tts)

For example, the laminated glass of the present invention is desired to have high heat insulation properties in order to prevent the interior of a vehicle from being heated by external light such as sunlight. From such a viewpoint, Tts of the laminated glass is, for example, 70% or less, preferably 65% or less, more preferably 60% or less, and further preferably 55% or less. Tts is a short name for Total solar energy transmitted through a glazing, and is an index representing heat insulation. The laminated glass has sufficient heat insulating properties when Tts is not more than the above upper limit value. From the viewpoint of ensuring a certain visible light transmittance or higher, Tts is, for example, 30% or higher, preferably 40% or higher, and more preferably 45% or higher.

In the present invention, the transparency can be improved and Tts can be reduced by appropriately adjusting the type of infrared absorbing agent and the type of infrared reflecting layer to be incorporated in the absorbent-containing layer as described later. Specifically, Tts may be set to 65% or less, 60% or less, or 55% or less, for example, while ensuring a visible light transmittance of 70% or more. Tts can be measured according to ISO13837 (2008).

(Tds(1.5))

Tds (1.5) is the solar transmittance Tds (1.5) of the laminated glass for light having a wavelength of 300 to 2500 nm. Tds (1.5) of the laminated glass of the present invention is, for example, 60% or less, preferably 55% or less, more preferably 50% or less, and further preferably 45% or less, in order to improve heat insulation properties. From the viewpoint of ensuring a certain or higher visible light transmittance, the visible light transmittance is, for example, 15% or higher, preferably 25% or higher, and more preferably 30% or higher.

In the present invention, as described above, the Tds (1.5) can be reduced while improving the transparency, and specifically, the Tds (1.5) can be set to, for example, 55% or less, 50% or less, or 45% or less while securing a visible light transmittance of 70% or more.

The solar transmittance Tds (1.5) can be measured according to ISO13837 (2008).

[ Infrared reflecting layer ]

The laminated glass of the present invention has an infrared reflecting layer. The infrared reflecting layer is preferably disposed between the 1 st glass plate and the 2 nd glass plate constituting the laminated glass. The laminated glass of the present invention has an infrared-ray reflective layer, and thus reflects infrared rays incident from the other surface (the 1 st glass plate side), and prevents infrared rays included in external light from being incident into the vehicle interior. Therefore, the generation of noise is prevented in infrared monitoring or the like performed in the vehicle. Further, the heat insulating property is also improved, and the values of Tts and Tds (1.5) can be easily adjusted to fall within a desired range.

The infrared-ray reflective layer used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the performance of reflecting infrared rays. In addition, the infrared reflecting layer preferably has a property of having an infrared transmittance of 40% or less at least 1 wavelength in the range of 900 to 1300nm, from the viewpoint of excellent infrared reflecting performance. The infrared ray transmittance of the infrared ray reflective layer used in the embodiment described later satisfies the above preferable conditions. The infrared transmittance is more preferably 30% or less, and still more preferably 20% or less at least 1 wavelength in the range of 900 to 1300 nm.

Examples of the infrared-reflective layer include a metal foil-attached resin film, a multilayer laminate film in which a metal layer and a dielectric layer are formed on a resin film, a film containing graphite, a multilayer resin film liquid crystal film, and a resin film containing infrared-reflective particles. These films have the property of reflecting infrared rays.

The metal foil-attached resin film includes a resin film and a metal foil laminated on an outer surface of the resin film. Examples of the material of the resin film include polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyvinyl acetal, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-acrylic copolymer, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyimide, and the like. Examples of the material of the metal foil include aluminum, copper, silver, gold, palladium, and alloys containing these metals.

The multilayer laminated film in which the metal layer and the dielectric layer are formed on the resin film is a multilayer laminated film in which the metal layer and the dielectric layer are alternately laminated on the resin film in an arbitrary number of layers. Examples of the material of the resin film in the multilayer laminated film include polyamides such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactic acid, poly (4-methylpentene-1), poly (1, 1-difluoroethylene), cyclic polyolefin, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, nylon 6, 11, 12, and 66, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyether imide.

Examples of the material of the metal layer in the multilayer laminated film include the same materials as those of the metal foil in the metal foil-attached resin film. The metal may be applied to or mixed with both or one side of the metal layerA coating of an oxide. Examples of the material of the coating layer include ZnO and Al₂O₃、Ga₂O₃、InO₃MgO, Ti, NiCr and Cu, etc. Further, as a material of the dielectric layer in the multilayer laminated film, for example, indium oxide and the like can be given.

The multilayer resin film is a laminate film in which a plurality of resin films are laminated. The multilayer resin film may be made of the same material as that of the resin film in the multilayer laminated film. The number of resin films stacked in the multilayer resin film is 2 or more, and may be 3 or more, and may be 5 or more. The number of resin films stacked in the multilayer resin film may be 1000 or less, 100 or less, or 50 or less.

The multilayer resin film may be one in which 2 or more thermoplastic resin layers having different optical properties (refractive index) are alternately or randomly stacked in an arbitrary number of layers. Such a multilayer resin film is configured to obtain desired infrared reflection performance.

Examples of the liquid crystal film include a film in which cholesteric liquid crystal layers that reflect light of arbitrary wavelengths are stacked in arbitrary number of layers. Such a liquid crystal film is configured to obtain desired infrared reflection performance.

As one of the infrared reflective particles used in the infrared reflective layer, plate particles having a thickness of micro to nano-order are exemplified. For example, a substance having infrared-reflecting properties can be obtained by controlling the thickness, area, and arrangement state of silver nanoplate particles in a resin film in which the particles are dispersed.

Among the above, the infrared-reflecting layer is preferably a metal foil-attached resin film, a multilayer laminate film, a multilayer resin film, or a liquid crystal film. These films are more excellent in infrared ray reflection performance. Therefore, by using these films, noise caused by external light can be further reduced.

Among the above, a metal foil-attached resin film and a multilayer resin film are more preferable, and a multilayer resin film is further preferable. By using the multilayer resin film, the average reflectance R is easily reduced in all the wavelength regions of 900 to 1300 nm. Therefore, it is easy to make all of the average reflectances R (A), (B), and (1) to (4) low. Among them, the values of the average reflectances R (3) and R (4) are apt to be particularly small. Further, since the multilayer laminated film does not have a member for shielding electromagnetic waves, it is possible to ensure electromagnetic wave transmittance. Therefore, electromagnetic waves required for autonomous driving, other communications, and the like can be prevented from being shielded in the window glass of an automobile or the like.

On the other hand, the metal foil-attached resin film is apt to have a low average reflectance R mainly in the wavelength region of 900 to 1100 nm. Therefore, it is easy to make the values of the average reflectances R (1) and R (2), and further the values of the average reflectances R (a) and (B) small.

The thickness of the infrared-reflective layer is preferably 0.01mm or more, more preferably 0.04mm or more, further preferably 0.07mm or more, and furthermore preferably 0.3mm or less, more preferably 0.2mm or less, further preferably 0.18mm or less, and particularly preferably 0.16mm or less. When the thickness of the infrared reflective layer is not less than the lower limit, the average reflectance r (a), (B), (1) to (4) can be easily reduced, and the heat insulating property can be easily improved. Further, if the thickness of the infrared reflective layer is not more than the upper limit, the transparency of the laminated glass becomes high, and the visible light transmittance is easily made high.

(layer containing absorbent)

The laminated glass of the present invention preferably has a resin layer containing an infrared absorber (hereinafter referred to as "absorber-containing layer"). The layer containing an absorber is preferably disposed between the 1 st glass plate and the 2 nd glass plate on the side closer to the laminated glass than the infrared-ray reflective layer (i.e., on the 2 nd glass plate side).

In the laminated glass, the absorber-containing layer containing the infrared absorber is disposed on one surface side, so that infrared rays from the vehicle interior side are absorbed by the absorber-containing layer, and thus the average reflectances r (a), (B), (1) to (4) can be easily reduced. In addition, heat rays from the outside are also absorbed, and the heat insulation performance is also easily improved.

Examples of the infrared absorber include an organic dye and heat-insulating particles. The organic pigment is preferably an organic pigment containing a metal element. The organic pigments may be used alone in 1 kind, or in combination of 2 or more kinds. When the organic dye contains a metal element, the metal element may be 1 kind alone, or 2 or more kinds. The metal element may be contained in the form of a compound such as a metal oxide.

The metal element may be a transition element or a main group metal. Examples of the transition element include a group 4 element, a group 5 element, a group 6 element, a group 7 element, a group 8 element, a group 9 element, a group 10 element, a group 11 element, a group 12 element, and the like. Examples of the main group metal include group 13 elements and group 14 elements. Specific examples of the metal element include copper, zinc, vanadium, and tin.

Examples of the organic dye include phthalocyanine compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, and anthracyanine compounds.

The phthalocyanine compound is phthalocyanine or a phthalocyanine derivative having a phthalocyanine skeleton, and preferably contains a metal element therein. The naphthalocyanine compound is a naphthalocyanine or a naphthalocyanine derivative having a naphthalocyanine skeleton, and preferably contains a metal element therein. The anthracene phthalocyanine compound is anthracene phthalocyanine or an anthracene phthalocyanine derivative having an anthracene phthalocyanine skeleton, and preferably contains a metal element therein.

In these organic pigments, the metal element is preferably a central metal of a naphthalocyanine skeleton, or an anthracene phthalocyanine skeleton.

Among the above, the organic coloring matters are preferably phthalocyanine compounds containing a metal element.

The heat insulating particles are made of a material capable of absorbing infrared rays having a wavelength of 780nm or more, that is, heat rays. The heat-insulating particles are formed of an inorganic material, and specific examples thereof include particles other than metal oxide particles, such as metal oxide particles and lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) particles. Examples of the metal oxide particles include tin oxide particles such as aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, indium-doped tin oxide particles, and antimony-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles), zinc oxide particles such as gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO particles), indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles), aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide particles, and silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, titanium oxide particles such as niobium-doped titanium oxide particles, indium oxide particles such as tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles), sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (CWO particles), thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, and tungsten oxide particles such as rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles. In addition, insulating particles other than these may also be used. The heat insulating material can be used singly or in combination of 2 or more.

Among them, in order to increase the heat ray shielding function, metal oxide particles are preferable, at least 1 selected from the group consisting of ATO particles, GZO particles, ITO particles and CWO particles is more preferably used, ITO particles or CWO particles is further preferably used, and CWO particles is further preferably used. CWO particles are relatively shielded from 900 to 1300nm infrared rays, and therefore tend to have low average reflectivities R (A), (B), (1) to (4).

The average particle diameter of the heat-shielding particles has a preferred lower limit of 10nm, a more preferred lower limit of 20nm, a preferred upper limit of 100nm, a more preferred upper limit of 80nm, and a further preferred upper limit of 50 nm. If the average particle diameter is not less than the preferable lower limit, the heat ray shielding property can be sufficiently improved. Further, if the average particle diameter is not more than the preferable upper limit, the heat insulating material is less likely to shield visible light, and the visible light transmittance can be easily adjusted to a predetermined range.

The "average particle diameter" represents a volume average particle diameter. The average particle diameter can be measured using a particle size distribution measuring apparatus ("UPA-EX 150" manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).

In the present invention, the average reflectances r (a), (B), and (1) to (4) can be made low by appropriately adjusting the absorption characteristics of the infrared absorber. For example, by using an infrared absorber having a maximum absorption wavelength peak in the range of 900 to 1300nm (hereinafter, also referred to as "the 1 st infrared absorber"), the average reflectances R (A), (B), and (1) to (4) can be made low.

More specifically, for example, by using the 1 st infrared absorber having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 900 to 1100nm, the average reflectances R (1) and R (2) can be made low. More specifically, the average reflectance R (2) is liable to be larger than 1 by using the 1 st infrared absorbent having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 1000 to 1100nm, and the average reflectance R (1) is liable to be larger than 1 by using the 1 st infrared absorbent having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 900 to 1000 nm. Further, for example, by using the 1 st infrared absorbent having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 1100 to 1300nm, the average reflectances R (3) and R (4) can be made low.

The 1 st infrared absorber may be any organic dye as long as it is used, and among them, an organic dye having a metal element is preferable, and a phthalocyanine compound having a metal element is more preferable. The organic dye can adjust the maximum absorption wavelength peak by appropriately adjusting the type of the substituent or the metal element substituted for the basic skeleton, and for example, the maximum absorption wavelength peak can be adjusted to a range of 900 to 1300nm by appropriately changing the type of the substituent or the central metal substituted for the phthalocyanine skeleton in the phthalocyanine compound.

As the 1 st infrared absorber, commercially available ones can be used, and examples of the phthalocyanine compound having a metal element include a trade name "TIR-915" (maximum absorption wavelength peak: about 950nm), a trade name "TX-EX-902K" (maximum absorption wavelength peak: 1026nm), a trade name "TX-EX-931" (maximum absorption wavelength peak: 945nm), a trade name "IR-924" (all manufactured by Nippon Kogyo Co., Ltd.).

Of course, the infrared absorber is not limited to the 1 st infrared absorber, and an infrared absorber having a maximum absorption wavelength peak in a range of 780nm or more and less than 900nm (hereinafter, also referred to as "2 nd infrared absorber") may be used. Among the above, the 2 nd infrared absorbing agent is preferably an organic dye, particularly an organic dye having a metal element, and more preferably a phthalocyanine compound having a metal element.

As the 2 nd infrared absorber, commercially available products can be used, and examples of the phthalocyanine compound having a metal element include a trade name "イーエスカラー IR-14" (maximum absorption wavelength peak: 834nm), a trade name "TX-EX-W801" (maximum absorption wavelength peak: 785nm) (both manufactured by Nippon catalyst Co., Ltd.), and a trade name "NIR-43V" (manufactured by Shantian chemical Co., Ltd.).

The 2 nd infrared ray absorbing agent is preferably used together with the 1 st infrared ray absorbing agent, or with a heat insulator described later.

The maximum absorption wavelength peak of the infrared absorber can be measured by the following method. A chloroform solution is obtained by mixing 0.0002 to 0.002 parts by mass of a compound to be measured with respect to 100 parts by mass of chloroform. The resulting chloroform solution was introduced into a spectrophotometer having an optical path length of 1.0cm using a quartz cell. The transmittance at 300 to 2500nm was measured using an automatic recording spectrophotometer ("U4100" manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.), and the maximum absorption wavelength peak was obtained. The maximum absorption wavelength peak is a wavelength at which the transmittance shows a minimum value, and in this case, the maximum absorption wavelength peak is a wavelength at which the minimum value is the minimum.

Further, the absorbent-containing layer more preferably contains heat insulating particles as an infrared absorbent in addition to the above-described 1 st infrared absorbent. The heat-shielding particles do not have a high ability to absorb infrared rays in the wavelength region of 900 to 1300nm, but the average reflectance R (A), (B), (1) to (4) can be made lower more effectively by using the heat-shielding particles in combination with the 1 st infrared absorber composed of an organic pigment. Further, the heat insulating particles can prevent the temperature of the vehicle interior from rising.

The content of the infrared absorber in the absorber-containing layer may be in a range in which the average reflectance r (a), (B), (1) to (4) can be adjusted to the above-described predetermined range, and is, for example, 0.005 mass% or more and 1.2 mass% or less, preferably 0.01 mass% or more and 1.0 mass% or less, and more preferably 0.03 mass% or more and 0.5 mass% or less.

In addition, in the case of using 2 or more kinds of infrared absorbers, the total content of the 2 or more kinds of infrared absorbers may be within the above range.

The content of the 1 st infrared absorber in the absorber-containing layer is preferably 0.005 mass% or more and 0.6 mass% or less, more preferably 0.01 mass% or more and 0.5 mass% or less, and still more preferably 0.012 mass% or more and 0.2 mass% or less. By setting the content of the 1 st infrared absorber within the above range, the average reflectance r (a), (B), (1) to (4) can be easily made low without lowering the visible light transmittance and the like.

When the 1 st resin layer 11A contains the heat insulating particles, the content of the heat insulating particles in the absorbent-containing layer is preferably 0.005% by mass or more and 0.6% by mass or less, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.02% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less. When the content of the heat-insulating particles is within these ranges, the average reflectance r (a), (B), (1) to (4) can be easily reduced without reducing the visible light transmittance and the like. In addition, the heat insulating performance also becomes good.

Further, in the case where the absorbent-containing layer contains both the 1 st infrared absorbent and the heat-insulating particles, the mass ratio of the heat-insulating particles to the 1 st infrared absorbent (heat-insulating particles/1 st infrared absorbent) is preferably 0.25 or more and 15 or less, more preferably 0.5 or more and 10 or less, and further preferably 0.7 or more and 8 or less.

(thermoplastic resin)

The resin constituting the absorbent-containing layer is preferably a thermoplastic resin. That is, the layer containing the absorber preferably contains a thermoplastic resin in addition to the infrared absorber, and the infrared absorber is preferably dispersed or dissolved in the thermoplastic resin. The layer containing the absorber easily functions as an adhesive layer by containing the thermoplastic resin, and has good adhesion to the glass plate and the infrared-reflecting layer.

The thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ionomer resin, polyurethane resin, thermoplastic elastomer, acrylic resin, acrylic-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyolefin resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polystyrene resin, and the like. By using these resins, adhesion to the glass plate can be easily ensured.

The thermoplastic resin may be used alone in 1 kind or in combination of 2 or more kinds in the absorbent-containing layer of the present invention. Among them, at least 1 selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetal resins and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins is preferable, and particularly when used in combination with a plasticizer, polyvinyl acetal resins are more preferable from the viewpoint of exhibiting excellent adhesion to glass.

(polyvinyl acetal resin)

The polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde, but a polyvinyl butyral resin is suitable. The acetalization degree of the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably has a lower limit of 40 mol%, a preferred upper limit of 85 mol%, a more preferred lower limit of 60 mol%, and a more preferred upper limit of 75 mol%.

The preferable lower limit of the amount of the hydroxyl group in the polyvinyl acetal resin is 15 mol%, and the preferable upper limit is 35 mol%. By setting the hydroxyl group amount to 15 mol% or more, the adhesiveness to a glass plate or the like is easily improved, and the penetration resistance and the like of the laminated glass are easily improved. Further, the amount of hydroxyl groups is 35 mol% or less, thereby preventing the laminated glass from becoming too hard. The lower limit of the amount of the hydroxyl group is more preferably 25 mol%, and the upper limit is more preferably 33 mol%.

In the case of using a polyvinyl butyral resin as the polyvinyl acetal resin, from the same viewpoint, the preferable lower limit of the amount of the hydroxyl group is 15 mol%, the preferable upper limit is 35 mol%, the more preferable lower limit is 25 mol%, and the more preferable upper limit is 33 mol%.

The acetalization degree and the hydroxyl group amount can be measured by the method in accordance with JIS K6728 "ポリビニルブチラール test test method (polyvinyl butyral test method)".

The polyvinyl acetal resin can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde. Polyvinyl alcohol is generally obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 80 to 99.8 mol% is generally used.

The polymerization degree of the polyvinyl acetal resin has a preferred lower limit of 500 and a preferred upper limit of 4000. By setting the polymerization degree to 500 or more, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass becomes good. Further, the degree of polymerization is 4000 or less, whereby the laminated glass can be easily molded. A more preferable lower limit of the polymerization degree is 1000, and a more preferable upper limit is 3600.

The aldehyde is not particularly limited, and generally, an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is suitably used. The aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-hexanal, n-octanal, n-nonanal, n-decanal, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and the like. Among them, n-butyraldehyde, n-hexanal and n-valeraldehyde are preferable, and n-butyraldehyde is more preferable. These aldehydes may be used alone, or 2 or more of them may be used in combination.

(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin)

The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin may be a non-crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, or may be a high-temperature crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. Further, as the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate modified resin such as a saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or a hydrolysate of ethylene-vinyl acetate may be used.

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin according to JIS K6730 "エチレン -acetic acid ビニル method for resin bonding test (ethylene/vinyl acetate resin test method)" or JIS K6924-2: the vinyl acetate content measured in 1997 is preferably 10 to 50 mass%, more preferably 20 to 40 mass%. When the vinyl acetate content is not less than the lower limit, the adhesion to glass is high, and the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is likely to be good. When the vinyl acetate content is not more than the above upper limit, the fracture strength of the layer containing the absorbent increases, and the impact resistance of the laminated glass becomes good.

(ionomer resin)

The ionomer resin is not particularly limited, and various ionomer resins can be used. Specific examples thereof include vinyl ionomer, styrene ionomer, perfluorocarbon ionomer, telechelic ionomer, and polyurethane ionomer. Among them, vinyl ionomer is preferable in terms of good mechanical strength, durability, transparency and the like of the laminated glass and excellent adhesion to glass.

As the ethylene based ionomer, an ionomer of an ethylene/unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is preferably used because it is excellent in transparency and toughness. The ethylene/unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is a copolymer having at least a structural unit derived from ethylene and a structural unit derived from an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and may have a structural unit derived from another monomer.

The unsaturated carboxylic acid includes acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, etc., preferably acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and particularly preferably methacrylic acid. Further, as other monomers, acrylate, methacrylate, 1-butene, and the like can be mentioned.

The ethylene/unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer preferably has 75 to 99 mol% of a structural unit derived from ethylene, and preferably 1 to 25 mol% of a structural unit derived from an unsaturated carboxylic acid, based on 100 mol% of all structural units of the copolymer.

The ionomer of the ethylene/unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is an ionomer resin obtained by neutralizing or crosslinking at least a part of carboxyl groups of the ethylene/unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with metal ions, and the degree of neutralization of the carboxyl groups is usually 1 to 90%, preferably 5 to 85%.

Examples of the ion source in the ionomer resin include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, and polyvalent metals such as magnesium, calcium, and zinc, and sodium and zinc are preferable.

The ionomer resin can be produced by a conventionally known production method, although the production method is not particularly limited. For example, when an ionomer of an ethylene/unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is used as the ionomer resin, an ethylene/unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is produced by, for example, radical copolymerization of ethylene and an unsaturated carboxylic acid at high temperature and high pressure. Further, by reacting the ethylene/unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with the metal compound containing the ion source, an ionomer of the ethylene/unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer can be produced.

(polyurethane resin)

Examples of the polyurethane resin include a polyurethane obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound with a diol compound, a polyurethane obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound with a chain extender such as a diol compound and a polyamine, and the like. Further, the polyurethane resin may contain a sulfur atom. In this case, it is preferable that a part or all of the diols be selected from polythiols and sulfur-containing polyols. The polyurethane resin can provide good adhesion to organic glass. Therefore, the glass plate is suitable for use in the case where the glass plate is organic glass.

(thermoplastic elastomer)

Examples of the thermoplastic elastomer include styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers and aliphatic polyolefins. The styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used. The styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer generally has a styrene monomer polymer block as a hard segment and a conjugated diene compound polymer block as a soft segment or a hydrogenated block thereof. Specific examples of the styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer include a styrene-isoprene diblock copolymer, a styrene-butadiene diblock copolymer, a styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer, a styrene-butadiene/isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer, a styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer, and hydrogenated products thereof.

The aliphatic polyolefin may be a saturated aliphatic polyolefin or an unsaturated aliphatic polyolefin. The aliphatic polyolefin may be a polyolefin having a chain olefin as a monomer, or a polyolefin having a cyclic olefin as a monomer. The aliphatic polyolefin is preferably a saturated aliphatic polyolefin from the viewpoint of effectively improving the storage stability and the sound insulating property of the interlayer film.

Examples of the material of the aliphatic polyolefin include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, 1-pentene, trans-2-pentene, cis-2-pentene, 1-hexene, trans-2-hexene, cis-2-hexene, trans-3-hexene, cis-3-hexene, 1-heptene, trans-2-heptene, cis-2-heptene, trans-3-heptene, cis-3-heptene, 1-octene, trans-2-octene, cis-2-octene, trans-3-octene, cis-3-octene, trans-4-octene, trans-2-octene, and the like, Cis-4-octene, 1-nonene, trans-2-nonene, cis-2-nonene, trans-3-nonene, cis-3-nonene, trans-4-nonene, cis-4-nonene, 1-decene, trans-2-decene, cis-2-decene, trans-3-decene, cis-3-decene, trans-4-decene, cis-4-decene, trans-5-decene, cis-5-decene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, vinylcyclohexane, and the like.

(plasticizer)

When the absorbent-containing layer of the present invention contains a thermoplastic resin, the absorbent-containing layer may further contain a plasticizer. The absorbent-containing layer becomes flexible by containing a plasticizer, and as a result, the flexibility of the laminated glass is improved, and the penetration resistance is improved. Further, high adhesion to the glass plate can be exhibited. It is particularly effective if a plasticizer is contained in the case of using a polyvinyl acetal resin as the thermoplastic resin.

Examples of the plasticizer include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, and phosphoric acid plasticizers such as organic phosphoric acid plasticizers and organic phosphorous acid plasticizers. Among them, organic ester plasticizers are preferable.

Examples of the organic ester plasticizer include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-caprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1, 3-propanediol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1, 4-butanediol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1, 2-butanediol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, and mixtures thereof, Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylvalerate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dicaprate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexyl cyclohexyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, heptyl nonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil modified sebacic alkyd, a mixture of phosphate esters and adipates, mixed adipates, and the like. The mixed adipate is prepared from at least 2 alcohols selected from alkyl alcohols having 4 to 9 carbon atoms and cyclic alcohols having 4 to 9 carbon atoms.

Among the above plasticizers, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) is particularly suitably used.

The content of the plasticizer in the absorbent-containing layer is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 20 parts by mass and a preferable upper limit is 70 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin. When the content of the plasticizer is 20 parts by mass or more, the laminated glass is appropriately soft and the penetration resistance and the like are good. Further, when the content of the plasticizer is 70 parts by mass or less, the plasticizer is prevented from separating from the absorbent-containing layer. A more preferable lower limit of the content of the plasticizer is 35 parts by mass, and a more preferable upper limit is 63 parts by mass.

In the absorbent-containing layer, the resin or the resin and the plasticizer are the main components, and the total amount of the thermoplastic resin and the plasticizer is usually 70 mass% or more, preferably 80 mass% or more, and more preferably 90 mass% or more and less than 100 mass% based on the total amount of the absorbent-containing layer in the colored region. By less than 100% by mass, the layer containing an absorber can contain an infrared absorber.

The thickness of the absorbent-containing layer is preferably 0.05mm or more and 1.5mm or less, more preferably 0.15mm or more and 1mm or less, and further preferably 0.25mm or more and 0.6mm or less. When the thickness of the resin layer is not less than these lower limits, infrared rays are appropriately absorbed, and the average reflectivities r (a), (B), (1) to (4) can be reduced. In addition, when the heat insulating particles are contained, a sufficient heat insulating effect can be obtained. On the other hand, the visible light transmittance can be made high by being equal to or lower than the upper limit.

[2 nd resin layer ]

The laminated glass of the present invention preferably further comprises a 2 nd resin layer on the other surface side of the infrared reflective layer (i.e., the 1 st glass plate 21 side). That is, as shown in fig. 1, the laminated glass 20 preferably includes a 2 nd resin layer 12, an infrared-reflective layer 13, and an absorber-containing layer 11 in this order from the 1 st glass plate 21 side, and these layers are integrated to constitute the interlayer film 10. The interlayer film 10 preferably bonds the 1 st glass plate 21 and the 2 nd glass plate 22.

Further, the infrared ray reflective layer is disposed between the 2 resin layers (the 2 nd resin layer, the absorbent-containing layer), and is bonded by the 2 resin layers with high adhesion, and thus can be stably included in the interlayer film.

The 2 nd resin layer contains a thermoplastic resin, and specific examples of the thermoplastic resin are the same as those of the absorbent-containing layer. The thermoplastic resin in the absorbent-containing layer and the thermoplastic resin in the 2 nd resin layer may be the same type of resin or different types of resin, but it is preferable to use the same type of resin. For example, if the thermoplastic resin in the 2 nd resin layer is a polyvinyl acetal resin, the thermoplastic resin in the absorbent-containing layer is also preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin. Further, for example, if the thermoplastic resin in the 2 nd resin layer is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, the thermoplastic resin in the absorbent-containing layer is also preferably an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin.

The 2 nd resin layer may further contain a plasticizer in addition to the thermoplastic resin. The 2 nd resin layer is softened by containing a plasticizer, and the laminated glass is softened. Further, high adhesion to the glass plate can be exhibited. In the case where the 2 nd resin layer uses a polyvinyl acetal resin as the thermoplastic resin, it is particularly effective if a plasticizer is contained. Specific examples and details of the plasticizer are the same as those of the absorbent-containing layer, and the description thereof is omitted.

The 2 nd resin layer is preferably a layer containing a thermoplastic resin or a layer containing a thermoplastic resin and a plasticizer as main components, and the total amount of the thermoplastic resin and the plasticizer is usually 70 mass% or more, preferably 80 mass% or more, and more preferably 90 mass% or more, based on the total amount of the absorbent-containing layer.

(other additives)

The 2 nd resin layer may or may not contain the infrared absorber, but preferably does not contain the infrared absorber or contains a small amount of the infrared absorber. The 2 nd resin layer does not contain an infrared absorber, or is contained in a small amount, and thus can easily improve visible light transmittance and the like. The content of the infrared absorber in the 2 nd resin layer is less than the content of the infrared absorber in the absorber-containing layer, and the content of the infrared absorber in the 2 nd resin layer is, for example, less than 0.04 mass%, preferably less than 0.01 mass%, and more preferably 0 mass%.

The 2 nd resin layer may contain additives such as a colorant, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, an adhesion regulator, a fluorescent brightener, and a crystal nucleating agent, if necessary.

The thickness of the 2 nd resin layer is preferably 0.05mm or more and 1.5mm or less, more preferably 0.15mm or more and 1mm or less, and further preferably 0.25mm or more and 0.6mm or less.

[ glass plate ]

The glass plate used for the laminated glass may be either inorganic glass or organic glass, but is preferably inorganic glass. The inorganic glass is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include transparent glass, float glass, polished glass, patterned glass, wired glass, and green glass.

In addition, as the organic glass, what is called plexiglass is generally used, and there are no particular limitations on the organic glass, and examples thereof include organic glass made of a resin such as polycarbonate, acrylic resin, acrylic copolymer resin, or polyester.

The 1 st glass plate and the 2 nd glass plate used for the laminated glass may be made of the same material as each other or may be made of different materials. For example, one may be inorganic glass and the other organic glass, but preferably both the 1 st and 2 nd glass plates are inorganic glass or organic glass.

The thickness of each of the 1 st glass plate and the 2 nd glass plate is not particularly limited, and is, for example, about 0.1 to 15mm, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm. The thicknesses of the respective glass plates may be the same or different from each other, but are preferably the same.

As described with reference to fig. 1, the laminated glass of the present invention preferably has an interlayer 10 having a layer 11 containing an absorbent, an infrared-reflective layer 13, and a 2 nd resin layer 12 provided between a 1 st glass plate 21 and a 2 nd glass plate 22. However, the laminated glass is not limited to the configuration in which the interlayer film 10 is formed of these 3 layers, and for example, a resin layer may be further provided at least one of between the 2 nd glass plate 22 and the absorber-containing layer 11, between the 1 st glass plate 21 and the 2 nd resin layer 12, between the absorber-containing layer 11 and the infrared-ray reflective layer 13, and between the 2 nd resin layer 12 and the infrared-ray reflective layer 13.

When a resin layer is provided in addition to the absorbent-containing layer 11 and the 2 nd resin layer 12, various functions can be added to the resin layer (also referred to as the 3 rd resin layer). For example, the light-emitting particles that emit light by irradiation with excitation light may be contained in the 3 rd resin layer, and the interlayer may be a light-emitting interlayer. The thermoplastic resin used for the 3 rd resin layer may be a polyvinyl acetal resin, and the amount of hydroxyl groups and the amount of plasticizer may be appropriately adjusted to form a so-called sound-insulating layer.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, the 2 nd resin layer 12 may be omitted. In this case, for example, the infrared reflecting layer 13 is directly laminated on the 1 st glass plate 21, and the 1 st glass plate 21 having the infrared reflecting layer 13 and the 2 nd glass plate 22 are preferably bonded to each other with the layer 11 containing an absorbent as an interlayer.

The thickness of the intermediate film is preferably 0.2mm or more and 1.8mm or less, more preferably 0.25mm or more and 1.0mm or less, and still more preferably 0.3mm or more and 0.9mm or less.

In addition, as for the thickness of the resin layer constituting the interlayer film, when the resin layer (i.e., the absorbent-containing layer) is composed of 1 monolayer, the thickness of the resin layer is preferably 0.2mm or more and 1.5mm or less, more preferably 0.25mm or more and 1.0mm or less, and further preferably 0.3mm or more and 0.9mm or less, as in the case of the interlayer film.

In the case where the intermediate film has a tapered shape as described later, the thickness varies, but both the minimum thickness and the maximum thickness of the variation preferably fall within the above ranges. The same applies to the other layers.

The intermediate film has a rectangular cross section as shown in fig. 1 and 2, but the intermediate film is not limited to a rectangular cross section and may have a wedge shape, for example. As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the intermediate film 30 having the wedge shape has one end 30A and the other end 30B opposite to the one end 30A, the thickness of the other end 30B is larger than that of the one end 30A, and the intermediate film 30 has the wedge shape.

With respect to the wedge-shaped interlayer film 30, for example, the resulting laminated glass 20 can be used in a head-up display system.

The wedge-shaped intermediate film 30 may have a trapezoidal shape as shown in fig. 3, for example, but may have a triangular shape. The wedge-shaped intermediate film 30 changes in thickness from the other end 30A toward the one end 30B, but does not necessarily change in thickness over the entire portion, and may have a constant thickness portion 30C and a portion of the portion that changes in thickness as shown in fig. 4.

Further, although the increase in thickness is constant from the one end 30A toward the other end 30B in the portion where the thickness changes in fig. 3 and 4, the increase in thickness is not necessarily constant, and may gradually change as shown in fig. 5, for example, to be a curve in the cross section.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the increase in thickness is constant, the wedge angle θ is also constant. Therefore, the inclination angle of the one surface 30X of the intermediate film 30 with respect to the other surface 30X becomes the wedge angle θ.

On the other hand, as shown in fig. 5, when the increase amount of the thickness is changed, the wedge angle θ is as follows. That is, the wedge angle θ is an internal angle at an intersection of a straight line L1 connecting the closest portion of the maximum thickness portion 30M and the minimum thickness portion 30S in the intermediate film 30 on the one surface 30X of the intermediate film 30 and a straight line L2 connecting the closest portion of the maximum thickness portion 30M and the minimum thickness portion 30S on the other surface 30Y.

The wedge angle θ is preferably 0.1mrad or more, more preferably 0.2mrad or more, further preferably 0.3mrad or more, and further preferably 1mrad or less, further preferably 0.9mrad or less. When the wedge angle θ is within these ranges, the infrared rays reflected by the laminated glass can be easily imaged at 1 point on a light receiving mechanism such as an imaging device.

In the case where the intermediate film has a wedge-shaped and multilayer structure, the cross-sectional shape of each layer may be appropriately adjusted so that the intermediate film has a wedge-shaped shape, and for example, as shown in fig. 1, when a plurality of resin layers are provided, the thickness of at least 1 resin layer of the plurality of resin layers may be adjusted so as to increase from one end to the other end.

The optical properties of the laminated glass may vary depending on the region, for example, when the interlayer film has a wedge shape. In such a case, the optical characteristics such as R (a), R (1) to R (4), R (b), visible light transmittance, Tts, Tds (1.5) and the like may be such that the entire region of the laminated glass satisfies the respective requirements described above, but a part of the region may satisfy the respective requirements. For example, when an infrared monitoring system is introduced, the optical characteristics in a region where external light applied to a driver or the like as a monitoring target enters, a region where light from a light source is reflected, or the like may satisfy the above-described requirements.

(production method)

In the production of the laminated glass, for example, the laminated glass can be produced by laminating layers (a layer containing an absorber, an infrared-reflecting layer, a 2 nd resin layer, and the like) between 2 glass plates and performing thermocompression bonding or the like.

In addition, the absorbent-containing layer and the 2 nd resin layer constituting the intermediate film are preferably formed by first preparing a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin, and if necessary, a plasticizer, an infrared absorber, other additives, and other materials constituting the resin layer, and then molding the resin composition by extrusion molding, press molding, or the like. For example, a method may be employed in which 2 or more extruders are prepared, and a multi-layer feed block is attached to the tips of the extruders to perform co-extrusion. The laminated glass can be produced by disposing an interlayer film having a single-layer or multilayer structure formed by extrusion molding such as co-extrusion, thermal lamination, press molding, or the like between 2 glass plates, and performing thermocompression bonding or the like.

[ method of Using laminated glass ]

The laminated glass of the present invention is used, for example, as a window glass, and more specifically, is preferably used in various vehicles such as automobiles, electric trains, ships, and aircrafts, more preferably used in vehicle window glass such as automobiles and electric trains, and further preferably used as a window glass for automobiles.

(Infrared ray monitoring system)

The laminated glass of the present invention is mounted as a window glass on a vehicle equipped with an infrared monitoring system, for example. The system of the entire vehicle equipped with the infrared monitoring system is referred to as a vehicle system. Here, the vehicle is preferably an automobile, and in this case, the vehicle body is an automobile body, and the window glass is a window glass that closes an opening of the automobile body. The laminated glass of the present invention may be any of a front glass, a side glass, and a rear glass.

An infrared monitoring system (i.e., a vehicle system) includes a light source and a light receiving mechanism, which are provided inside a vehicle body. An infrared monitoring system is a system for monitoring an occupant, particularly preferably a driver. The infrared monitoring system irradiates an occupant, preferably a driver (observed object), with infrared light emitted from a light source disposed inside a vehicle body, receives the infrared light reflected by the observed object by a light receiving mechanism provided inside the vehicle body, and detects the state of the occupant (observed object) based on the received light.

The light source is an infrared light source emitting infrared rays, and the maximum light emission wavelength of the light source is preferably 900 to 1300 nm. The infrared rays of 900 to 1300nm are not recognized by human eyes, but are easily reflected by human skin and the like, and are suitable for monitoring passengers such as a driver. On the other hand, the laminated glass is provided with an infrared reflection layer, thereby preventing infrared rays having a wavelength of 900 to 1300nm from entering as noise from the outside of the vehicle.

Further, since the infrared ray having a wavelength of 900 to 1300nm emitted from the light source is hardly reflected by the infrared ray reflective layer even if it enters the laminated glass as described above, it is possible to prevent the monitoring accuracy from being lowered by the infrared ray reflected by the infrared ray reflective layer. In particular, when reflected light from the object to be observed is reflected by the laminated glass and then received by the light receiving means, the formation of ghost images in the light receiving means is prevented by suppressing 2-fold reflection in the laminated glass based on the infrared reflective layer, and therefore, monitoring with higher accuracy can be achieved.

More specifically, as described above, the maximum emission wavelength of the light source is preferably in a wavelength region where the average reflectances R (1) to R (4) are 20 or less, and may be selected so that the average reflectance R (b) is 20 or less. Further, the light source is preferably an LED. By using the LED, the emission wavelength region can be made relatively narrow, and thus the monitoring accuracy can be easily improved.

The light receiving means used in the vehicle system is preferably an imaging device such as an infrared camera, and receives reflected light from an object to be observed (such as a driver) to image the object to be observed. The vehicle system may detect the state of the observed object using the image captured by the imaging device. Specifically, it is preferable that the state of the object to be observed is detected by irradiating the face of the driver with infrared rays and capturing an image of the face of the driver with an imaging device.

However, the light receiving means need not be an imaging device, and may be a light receiving sensor or the like that detects only the intensity of received light. Even when the light receiving sensor is used, whether or not the occupant is seated at a predetermined position (for example, whether or not the driver is seated in the driver seat) or the like can be detected by the intensity of the reflected light.

The vehicle system preferably includes a face recognition system that recognizes a face using a face image of the observed body, and detects the state of the observed body using the recognized face. More specifically, the face recognition system detects the position of an eyelid in a face image by using a face template stored in advance and a captured face image, and detects the state of the eyelid, thereby detecting whether or not it is drowsy. The face recognition system is configured by various processors such as a DSP and a CPU.

In the infrared monitoring system, infrared rays emitted from a light source may be reflected by the laminated glass of the present invention and then irradiated to an object to be observed. It is preferable that the light reflected from the object to be observed is reflected by the laminated glass of the present invention and then received by the light receiving means.

When the vehicle is an automobile, at least the front glass is preferably the laminated glass of the present invention, and more preferably all of the front glass, the side glass, and the rear glass are the laminated glass of the present invention.

The infrared monitoring system is preferably used for monitoring the driver. Therefore, when the windshield glass is the laminated glass of the present invention, infrared rays contained in external light pass through the infrared-reflecting layer and are not easily irradiated to a driver, and noise is easily reduced. Further, if the windshield is the laminated glass of the present invention, the reflected light from the driver is reflected by the windshield and received by the light receiving means, so that the reflected light from the front surface of the face can be received by the light receiving means. Therefore, the state of the face can be monitored, and the monitoring accuracy is further improved.

Further, if the side window glass and the rear window glass are all the laminated glass of the present invention except the front window glass, it is easier to reduce noise.

Fig. 6 shows a vehicle system according to a preferred embodiment. A vehicle system according to a preferred embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to fig. 6. As shown in fig. 6, a vehicle system 50 of the present embodiment includes a laminated glass 20, a light source 51 that emits infrared rays, and a light receiving mechanism 52.

Here, the vehicle system 50 is a system installed in an automobile, and the laminated glass 20 constitutes a windshield of the automobile. The light receiving mechanism 52 is an imaging device including an infrared camera or the like, and the light source 51 and the light receiving mechanism 52 are provided on an instrument panel 53 of the automobile. The vehicle system 50 also includes a face recognition system 54. The face recognition system 54 is constructed, for example, by a processor, as described above. The processor is provided in, for example, the dashboard 53.

In the present embodiment, the light source 51 irradiates the face DF of the driver after the emitted infrared rays UR are reflected by the laminated glass 20 (windshield glass). The infrared rays UR reflected by the driver's face DF are reflected by the laminated glass 20 as reflected light RL, and are received by the light receiving means 52.

Here, the light source 51 is adjusted so as to irradiate the infrared rays UR to the upper side of the driver's seat, but may have a configuration in which the emission direction and the emission position can be changed so as to reliably irradiate the infrared rays UR to the face DF of the driver. Similarly, the light receiving mechanism 52 is adjusted so as to be able to capture an image of the upper side of the driver's seat, but may have a configuration in which the light receiving position and the light receiving direction can be appropriately adjusted, similarly to the light source 51.

Since the light receiving mechanism 52 is an imaging device as described above, the face of the driver is imaged, and the face recognition system 54 recognizes the face of the driver based on the captured face image, for example, detects whether the eyelids are closed.

The optical path centers of the infrared rays UR and the reflected light RL are preferably incident obliquely, for example, with respect to the surface of the laminated glass 20 (the surface of the 2 nd glass plate). The incident angle is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 20 to 80 °, preferably 40 to 70 °.

According to the vehicle system of the present embodiment, as described above, the driver can be appropriately monitored by using the laminated glass of the present invention for the windshield glass. Further, the automobile further includes side window glass and rear window glass, and in order to perform monitoring with higher accuracy, it is preferable that these side window glass and rear window glass of the vehicle system of the present embodiment are also constituted by the laminated glass of the present invention described above.

The vehicle system according to the present embodiment described above is an example of a vehicle system, and various modifications can be made as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited.

Examples

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

In the present invention, the methods for measuring various physical properties and the methods for evaluating a laminated glass are as follows.

(visible light transmittance (Tv))

The visible light transmittance (Tv) of the laminated glass was measured according to JIS R3212(2015) using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" manufactured by hitachi ハイテクノロジー). In the measurement, in order to receive only the parallel light having passed through the laminated glass by the integrating sphere, the laminated glass was disposed at a position 13cm away from the integrating sphere so as to be parallel to the normal line of the optical axis on the optical path between the light source and the integrating sphere, and the spectral transmittance was measured. The visible light transmittance was calculated from the obtained spectral transmittance. The measurement conditions were such that the scanning speed was set to 300nm/min and the slit width was set to 8nm, and the other conditions were measured in accordance with JIS R3212 (2015).

(Tds(1.5))

The solar transmittance Tds (1.5) of the laminated glass was measured according to ISO13837(2008) using a spectrophotometer ("U-4100" manufactured by hitachi ハイテクノロジー). In the measurement, in order to receive only the parallel light having passed through the laminated glass by the integrating sphere, the laminated glass was disposed at a position 13cm away from the integrating sphere so as to be parallel to the normal line of the optical axis on the optical path between the light source and the integrating sphere, and the spectral transmittance was measured. The solar transmittance Tds (1.5) of the laminated glass for light having a wavelength of 300 to 2500nm is determined from the obtained spectral transmittance. The measurement conditions were such that the scanning speed was set to 300nm/min and the slit width was set to 8nm, and the other conditions were measured in accordance with ISO13837 (2008).

(Tts)

The transmittance/reflectance of the laminated glass was measured at a wavelength of 300 to 2500nm using a spectrophotometer (U-4100, Hitachi ハイテク) in accordance with ISO13837, and Tts was calculated. The measurement conditions were carried out under ISO13837(2008) except that the scanning speed was set to 300nm/min and the slit width was set to 8 nm.

(average reflectance R)

The infrared reflectance at an incident angle of 60 ° was measured. Specifically, an absolute reflectance measuring means (ARSN-733, manufactured by japan spectrophotometer, inc.) was attached to a spectrophotometer (V-670, manufactured by japan), and the absolute reflectance was adjusted so that the incident angle from the light source became 60 °, and measured. The measurement conditions were such that the band width was 20nm at a wavelength of 850nm or more and 2.0nm at a wavelength of less than 850 nm. The measured reflectances are averaged in each wavelength region to obtain an average reflectance. The data measurement interval was set to 5 nm.

(Infrared camera observation test)

As shown in fig. 7, a virtual infrared monitoring system is assembled. Specifically, the laminated glasses 20 obtained in each of the examples and comparative examples were prepared and arranged with an inclination of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction. A subject assumed to be a driver is disposed so as to face the laminated glass.

An LED lamp is prepared as the light source 51, and an infrared camera is prepared as the light receiving means 52. These are disposed below the laminated glass 20, and irradiate the laminated glass 20 with infrared rays so as to be incident on the glass at 60 ° from the light source 51, reflect the infrared rays on the laminated glass 20, and irradiate the face DF of the subject. The reflected light from the face DF of the subject is received by an infrared camera to photograph a moving image. Based on the visual effect of the ghost image in the captured moving image, evaluation was performed on 6 levels of 1 to 6. Note that "1" means that the ghost image is not seen at all, and "2" and later means that the ghost image is seen, and the ghost image is seen more clearly as the number becomes larger. Further, "6" means that the ghost image is seen at a level that cannot be practically tolerated.

In the infrared camera observation test, LED light-emitting elements having maximum light-emitting wavelengths of about 950nm, about 1050nm, about 1150nm and about 1250nm were prepared, and a light source including a plurality of LED light-emitting elements was used. As the light source, a light source including a light emitting element having a maximum light emission wavelength of about 950nm, a light source including a light emitting element having a maximum light emission wavelength of about 1050nm, a light source including a light emitting element having a maximum light emission wavelength of about 1150nm, and a light source including a light emitting element having a maximum light emission wavelength of about 1250nm were prepared. Further, a composite light source having all of the LED light emitting elements with maximum emission wavelengths of about 950nm, about 1050nm, about 1150nm, and about 1250nm was prepared, and evaluation was performed using each light source.

(evaluation of electromagnetic wave transmittance at frequency of 0.1 to 26.5 GHz)

When the reflection loss value (dB) in the range of 0.1 to 2GHz is measured by the KEC method (near-field electromagnetic wave shielding effect measurement), the case where the average value of the difference at the above frequencies is less than 10dB and the case where the difference is 10dB or more is described as "B", as compared with a float glass single plate having a normal plate thickness of 2.5 mm. In addition, regarding the reflection loss value (dB) in the range of 2 to 26.5GHz, the sample was set to stand 600mm square between 1 pair of antennas for transmission and reception, and the transmission of the sample was evaluated by receiving the radio wave from the radio wave signal generating device with a spectrum analyzer (far-field electromagnetic wave measurement method).

The following components and materials were used in examples and comparative examples.

(glass plate)

Transparent glass: glass having a thickness of 2.5mm, a visible light transmittance of 90%, an solar transmittance Tds (1.5) of 87%, a transmittance of 84% for 900-1300nm light and not including a light absorber having a peak at 900-1300nm, a reflectance at an incident angle of 0 DEG for 900-1300nm light of 7%, and the other items being based on JIS R3202-2011

Green glass: a glass having a thickness of 2.1mm, a visible light transmittance of 86%, an solar transmittance Tds (1.5) of 72%, a transmittance for light of 900-1300nm of 56% and not including a light absorber having a peak at 900-1300nm, and a reflectance for light of 900-1300nm at an incident angle of 0 ℃ of 6%, the other items being based on JIS R3202-2011

(resin)

Polyvinyl butyral: polyvinyl butyral resin having a degree of acetalization of 69 mol%, a hydroxyl group content of 30 mol%, a degree of acetylation of 1 mol%, and a degree of polymerization of 1700

(plasticizer)

Plasticizer: triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate

(Heat-insulating particles)

CWO: cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (CWO particles) having an average particle diameter of 50nm

(organic pigments)

IR-915: phthalocyanine compound, product name "TIR-915", manufactured by Nippon catalyst Co., Ltd "

TX-EX-902K: phthalocyanine compound, product name "TX-EX-902K", manufactured by Nippon catalyst Co., Ltd "

(Infrared reflecting layer)

3M 90S: nano90S (3M, multilayer resin film, "マルチレイヤー Nano 90S" manufactured by Sumitomo スリーエム Co.)

XIR: XIR-75 (Metal foil-attached resin film, "XIR-75" available from Southwall Technologies Co., Ltd.)

[ example 1]

(preparation of the No. 1 resin layer)

The polyvinyl butyral resin, the plasticizer, the heat insulating particles, and the organic pigment were mixed according to the compounding shown in table 1, and the obtained thermoplastic resin composition was extrusion-molded by a twin-screw extruder in different directions to produce a 1 st resin layer having a thickness of 380 μm. When the components are mixed, the organic pigment is dispersed in the plasticizer in advance and then mixed.

(preparation of the 2 nd resin layer)

The resin layer was prepared in the same manner as the 1 st resin layer except that the compounding ratio was changed as shown in table 1.

(production of laminated glass)

The 1 st glass, the 2 nd resin layer, the infrared reflection layer, the layer containing the absorber, and the 2 nd glass are laminated in this order, and temporary pressure bonding is performed by a vacuum bag method. The temporarily pressure-bonded laminate was held in an autoclave at 140 ℃ and 1.3MPa for 20 minutes, and then the temperature was lowered to 50 ℃ and returned to atmospheric pressure to complete the main pressure bonding, thereby obtaining a laminated glass. The laminated glass is composed of a layer of a 1 st glass plate/a 2 nd resin layer/an infrared reflecting layer/a layer containing an absorber/a 2 nd glass plate.

Examples 2 to 11 and comparative example 1

The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the absorber-containing layer and the 2 nd resin layer were mixed, the types of the 1 st glass plate and the 2 nd glass plate, and the infrared-reflective layer were changed as shown in table 1.

[ Table 1]

In table 1, the amounts of polyvinyl butyral and plasticizer are expressed in parts by mass, and the amounts of the heat-insulating particles and the organic pigment are expressed in% by mass based on the total amount of the layers containing the heat absorbent.

As shown in the above embodiments, by setting the average reflectance R of light in each wavelength region to 20% or less, if infrared monitoring is performed using a light source having the maximum emission wavelength in the wavelength region, ghost images can be reduced, and the monitoring accuracy is improved.

In contrast, in the comparative example, since the average reflectance R of light in each wavelength region is greater than 20%, if infrared monitoring is performed using a light source having the maximum emission wavelength in the wavelength region, ghost images are frequently observed, and the monitoring accuracy is low.

Description of the symbols

10. 30 intermediate film

20 laminated glass

11 layer containing an absorbent

12 nd 2 nd resin layer

13 infrared reflecting layer

21 st glass plate

22 nd glass plate

50 vehicle system

51 light source

52 light receiving mechanism

54 face recognition system.