阅读说明：本技术 制冷剂蒸发凝结制冷制热的减小功率消耗方法 (The reduction power-exhausting processes of refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming ) 是由 何家密 于 2019-04-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：制冷制热主要的功率消耗＝压力与流量的乘积的压缩机,本发明主要是通过在蒸发器、冷凝器内增加高配合密度的材料并形成很大的制冷剂在蒸发、凝结中的制冷剂液、气的分离接触面积,在一定的温度使制冷剂以小的压力、单位面积少的蒸发或凝结量、在大的面积完成蒸发、凝结量或者是完成所需的蒸发吸收热能量、凝结释放热能量,代替现在以高压剧烈完成相当的蒸发吸收热能量、凝结释放热能量,相同的流量使压缩机以小压力做功而减小功率消耗。以及包括在制冷时只有蒸发器而没有需要高压力的冷凝器或制热时只有冷凝器而没有需要低负压的蒸发器、在压缩机做功和阻流器的节流以小压力使蒸发器蒸发吸热与冷凝器释放热能相转换的减小如电能的功率消耗。(The compressor of the main power consumption=pressure of cooling and warming and the product of flow, the present invention is mainly by evaporator, increase the material of high cooperation density in condenser and form very big refrigerant and is evaporating, refrigerant liquid in condensation, the separated contact surfaces product of gas, make refrigerant with small pressure in certain temperature, the few evaporation of unit area or condensation number, evaporation is completed in big area, evaporation needed for condensation number is either completed absorbs thermal energy, condensation release thermal energy, thermal energy is absorbed instead of acutely completing comparable evaporation with high pressure now, condensation release thermal energy, identical flow makes compressor do work with small pressure and reduce power consumption.It and include only having evaporator without only having condenser without needing the evaporator of lower negative pressure, so that evaporator evaporation endothermic is discharged the power consumption reduced such as electric energy that thermal energy is mutually converted with condenser with small pressure in the throttling of compressor work and flow plug when needing condenser or the heating of high pressure in refrigeration.)

1. the reduction power-exhausting processes of refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming, which is characterized in that steam evaporator refrigerant Hair absorbs thermal energy, the condenser condensation release refrigeration of thermal energy, in heat-producing machine, can by increase liquid refrigerant in evaporator Disengagement area, the condensable area for increasing refrigerant vapour in condenser: in refrigeration, the heating of certain temperature, make to evaporate Liquid refrigerant in device is not boiling with the few evaporation capacity of small negative pressure, unit area, at big liquid surface area State evaporation absorb desired thermal energy, make the refrigerant vapour in condenser with few solidifying of small normal pressure, unit area Knot amount, the thermal energy that liquid release request is condensed into big surface area, to replace explosive vaporization, the condensation refrigeration of high pressure Dosage, being in pressure × flow in the consumption power of compressor (pump) is to cause unit in the pressure reduction of evaporator, condenser Can be evaporated when the refrigerant evaporation of area, the reduction of condensation number with increasing refrigerant, the area that condense it is comparable to supplement completion The amount of refrigerant evaporation, condensation, certain compressor (pump) steam flow make evaporator with small pressure evaporating refrigerant, condensation Device condenses the method for refrigerant with small pressure condensation to obtain the small power consumption of compressor.

2. the reduction power-exhausting processes of refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming according to claim 1, which is characterized in that It is described evaporator increase refrigerant vapour can disengagement area, increase in condenser the condensable face of liquid refrigerant Product, the material for being included in evaporator, increasing high cooperation density in condenser, makes liquid refrigerant and the gas system including steam Each surface of the small pressure of cryogen in the material of the high cooperation density of certain volume keeps forming big contact area and holding Certain temperature or temperature range is persistently evaporated, is condensed；When increasing the material of high cooperation density in the evaporator, pass through Runner, pipeline, capillary flow make liquid refrigerant persistently be assigned to many surfaces in each high cooperation density material, make liquid system Cryogen is flowed, is spread, penetrating into many surfaces formation in high cooperation density material and keep thin liquid level and high cooperation close The hole of major small bore cooperation in degree material, the gas refrigerant in gap mutually come into contact in a large area, the thin liquid system in each small surface Cryogen layer is evaporated to each hole by certain negative pressure, in gap is steam, steam concentrate again or Bifurcation Set in be extracted or pressed Condenser is compressed to after the extraction of contracting machine；When increasing the material of high cooperation density in the condenser, gas refrigerant distribution High cooperation density material is agglomerated to by certain normal pressure into each hole of the big small bore cooperation of high cooperation density material, gap Interior many surfaces formation large area is condensed into liquid, and the liquid on each surface passes through in flowing, diffusion, infiltration concentration or Bifurcation Set Liquid refrigerant to runner, pipeline, capillary channel, concentration is exported or flow to evaporator by flow controller, and each height is matched The many small surfaces for closing density material keep thin liquid level when lasting condensation refrigerant vapour is liquid.

3. the reduction power-exhausting processes of refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming according to claim 2, which is characterized in that The described high cooperation density material is by the sheet of any material and shape, column shape, threadiness, filiform, spongy, particle, micro- The overall alignment structure that grain etc. is directly constituted or combined is the surface being distributed there are many thin liquid refrigerant and there are many packets Include steam gas refrigerant flowing it is small, in, heavy in section hole, gap (including gap, gap, interval etc.) mutually stable cooperation, Make evaporator in lasting evaporation including the flow distribution control to liquids and gases refrigerant, condenser is permitted in lasting condensation More each surfaces keep thin liquid refrigerating oxidant layer and there are many flowing gas refrigerant it is small, in, heavy in section hole, gap connect Touch the state of cooperation；It is characterized in that, the described each surface for being permitted how thin of liquid refrigerant distribution further include be combined with plating or Particulate layer make liquid refrigerant each surface it is thinning, be easy diffusion, infiltration, have more sheets, column shape, threadiness, filiform, Spongy, particle small surface keeps thin liquid refrigerating oxidant layer to be in contact with the gas refrigerant for including steam.

4. according to the reduction power-exhausting processes of refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming described in claim 2,3, feature exists In the described each table for making liquid refrigerant and the small pressure of gas refrigerant in the material of the high cooperation density of certain volume Face keeps forming big contact area, is liquid refrigerant in the distribution on each surface of material of overall flow rate and high cooperation density, Between liquid refrigerant overall flow rate and each surface by the cross-sectional sizes and shape of (stream) pipeline, capillary branch pore structure, The forced flow in the motive force of gravity or gas, arrangement architecture, the direction for forming each surface etc. and in each surfacing or material It is maximum that the synthesis cooperation of the factors such as material the flowable of surface, diffusion, Penetration Signature makes to continue each surface, composition in evaporation or condensation Each small surface of surface area keep thin liquid level to keep each surface liquid and flowing gas continuous contact, certain Or a certain range refrigeration, heating capacity when, reduce or eliminate the accumulated plugging or more table of the excessively multipair gas orifice of liquid, gap Face does not have liquid；And take small area of section in the flowing and hole when not blocking more by liquid, gap for guaranteeing gas, with In certain volume includes that there are many surfaces to constitute for the materials such as sheet, column shape, threadiness, filiform, spongy and particle Greater area of cooperation density obtains bigger refrigerant liquid and the rock-steady structure of the separating area that is in contact of gas.

5. according to the reduction power-exhausting processes of refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming described in claim 3,4, feature exists In, it is described within a certain volume include that the materials such as sheet, column shape, threadiness, filiform, spongy and particle have perhaps Multi-surface constitutes the cooperation density of bigger refrigerant liquid, gas separated contact surfaces product, obtains bigger refrigerant liquid and gas Be in contact the rock-steady structure of separating area, and being includes that the material of large and small, thick, thin material or varying strength matches holding shape At the rock-steady structure shape of big refrigerant liquid and the gas phase contact area for including steam, or it is included in that big, thick, intensity is high Material surface be distributed with or branch out many materials small, thin, intensity is small for constituting big gas separating area.

6. according to claim 1 to the reduction power-exhausting processes of refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming described in 5, feature exists In each surface evaporation absorbs in the described high cooperation density material, the thermal energy of condensation release is in evaporator, condenser and other Object or when carrying out heat exchange with fluid isolation forms big liquid refrigerant the high of area that be in contact with steam refrigerant and cooperates The high cooperation density material of density material or part be that the thermally conductive materials that have had are timely between the object or fluid of phase heat exchange Transferring heat energy makes refrigerant continue evaporation and absorbs each surface and phase after thermal energy, condensation release thermal energy to other object or fluid Heat exchange object or fluid have certain temperature difference, form refrigerant and keep certain temperature range persistently evaporate on each surface, coagulate Knot；It is characterized in that, the phase heat-exchange fluid is included in pipeline, container is outer, passes through pipeline or chamber wall outside pipeline Face, which is isolated, carries out heat exchange by the heat transmitting of the good material of thermal conductivity and the thermal energy of each high surface area material；The object It is that heat exchange is directly carried out by the thermal energy of the heat transmitting of the good material of thermal conductivity and each high surface area material.

7. the reduction power-exhausting processes of refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming according to claim 6, which is characterized in that The thermal conductivity having had between the high cooperation density material and phase heat-exchange fluid, is to include the good material of the thermal conductivity of metal Material is with different thickness, thin sheet, different large and small columns, filiform, graininess or there are also the superficial layers of other materials to combine Be formed in certain volume have small, the thin surface of many high-density arrays constitute big liquid refrigerant distribution surface area with The gas refrigerant of flowing is in contact, and during lasting evaporation, condensation refrigerant each material, each material surface Material, structure, arrangement make liquid refrigerant keep thin layer state and certain temperature on each surface；The part height cooperation is close The thermal conductivity having had between degree material and phase heat-exchange fluid is that the material for selecting thermal conductivity good connects, in addition branch's connection is isolated The wall surface or object of phase heat-exchange fluid, including the good material of thermal conductivity branch out again to be formed big refrigerant liquid, vapour separation connect The other materials of contacting surface product forms big refrigerant liquid, other that vapour separated contact surfaces accumulate in the good material surface shoe lid of thermal conductivity Material；It is characterized in that, the material good in thermal conductivity branch out again to be formed big refrigerant liquid, vapour separated contact surfaces product Other materials is to ensure that each surface includes any material, any shape, any series in certain temperature or temperature range Branch, which forms many small surfaces, has thin liquid refrigerant mutually to come into contact in a large area with steam；The material table good in thermal conductivity Face carry out lid form big refrigerant liquid, the other materials of vapour separated contact surfaces product include liquid be easy to be separated into the coating of thin layer and The size cooperation of any materials such as the fiber of poor thermal conductivity, particle, particle, spongy, the arranging density, hole of certain material makes Liquid refrigerant is easy to scattering and permeating and has the surface of many fibers, particle, particle, spongy etc. to form bigger liquid system Cryogen distribution area, liquid refrigerant keep thin layer and the gas refrigerant in large and small flow orifice, gap big on many each surfaces Area is in contact；This other materials is covered from the good distance for including the stretching of the shaped materials branches such as sheet, column of thermal conductivity, shoe The thickness of the good material surface of thermal conductivity be make thermal energy by the good material of thermal conductivity be transmitted to isolation phase heat exchange object or Fluid and make holding certain temperature range of the refrigerant after each continuous surface is evaporated, condensed；The other surfaces layer packet Include makes liquid refrigerant form the layer material of thin layer liquid on surface by any method such as spray, painting, plating.

8. according to the reduction power-exhausting processes of refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming described in claim 6,7, feature exists In, refrigerant flowing pipeline is inside and outside or container in increase the material of high cooperation density, the pipe in refrigerant flowing The material for increasing high cooperation density outside road is to increase big refrigerant liquid outside pipeline to contact conversion area, refrigerant with gas Thermal energy by the good material of thermal conductivity inwardly or from the phase heat exchanger fluid in Bifurcation Set in transferring heat energy to pipeline；Described The material for increasing high cooperation density outside the pipeline of refrigerant flowing, is included in increased outside phase heat exchanger fluid pipeline and pipeline The outside of high density material is added with shell；The material for increasing high cooperation density in the pipeline, container of refrigerant flowing It is the material for increasing big refrigerant liquid in pipeline, container and contacting conversion area with gas, the thermal energy including refrigerant is straight Connect the gas moved with common stream carry out the thermal energy of heat exchange either refrigerant by the good sheet of thermal conductivity or columnar material to Outer or each branch is transmitted to pipeline, wall surface of the container and pipeline, the other fluid of container exterior or object to outer contacting and carries out hot friendship It changes；The other fluid of the pipeline, container exterior includes flowing in pipeline, container exterior or the gap of outside or in appearance In other stream that face is close to, pipeline, the refrigerant of streaming flow and pipeline, receptacle carries out heat exchange between fin；Its feature It is there can be the formation refrigerant the high cooperation density material of big liquid, gas (vapour) phase separated contact surfaces product to be divided into If refrigerant gas (vapour) body flow pumps are either added in stem portion, make gas (vapour) cryogen in the large and small hole of all flowings, gap There is suitable flowing.

9. according to the reduction power-exhausting processes of refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming described in claim 6,7,8, feature It is, according to the method for the small pressure refrigerant heating that claim 2 is stated, which is characterized in that the pipe in refrigerant flowing The material for increasing high cooperation density outside road includes branch's cooperation (39,40,43,46,47) and star wing in pipeline, container Piece (41,44)；The material for increasing high cooperation density outside the pipeline of refrigerant flowing includes the fin of more package pipelines (53), fin (42) is incorporated in the surface of the good fin of thermal conductivity (49) in conjunction in the part of pipeline external surface or package pipeline (50) surface；It is characterized in that, the surface of the material (39,40,43,46,47), fin (41,42,44,53) may be used also With the material for having branch, carrying out lid.

10. the method for refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming, which is characterized in that including refrigerant evaporated in evaporator and Single evaporator is added to freeze for cooling and warming, the heat exchanger that condensation is mutually converted in condenser or condenser heats and gas adds list Evaporator refrigeration or the refrigerating and heating device of condenser heating.

11. the method for refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming according to claim 10, which is characterized in that described in gas Body adds in the refrigerating and heating device that single evaporator is freezed or condenser heats, and the gas adds single evaporator refrigeration to be liquid distribution Each surface of large area material in evaporator, the gas including air enter evaporator from the lesser air inlet in section, pump (3) extracting the gas formation negative pressure in evaporator out makes liquid evaporation absorb thermal energy reduction temperature into gas, and gas is direct The liquid for reducing temperature with steam and evaporation, which carries out heat exchange, reduces temperature, and pump (3) reduces the gas of temperature extracting out from evaporator Body and steam are transported to including indoor required reduction temperature space；The gas adds single condenser to be that pump (3) absorption is higher The gas of vapour concentration enters in condenser, and the gas outlet section of condenser is smaller to be made to form normal pressure compressed gas in condenser Interior steam condenses into liquid release thermal energy on each surface of large area material and improves temperature, and when gas is with steam condensation discharges Thermal energy and liquid in thermal energy carry out heat exchange and improve temperature and be output to from gas outlet required to improve temperature including indoor Space；It is characterized in that, the material in the condenser and evaporator is to include the high and low or very low any material of thermal conductivity Material；It is characterized in that, described add single evaporator to freeze adjustable air inlet, drawing pump (3) in gas to adjust output gas The temperature of body；It is described to add single condenser to heat adjustable compression pump (3), gas outlet in gas or be also separately added to gas Quantity of steam in body adjusts the temperature of output gas.

12. the method for refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming according to claim 10, which is characterized in that described in heat Exchanger adds in the refrigerating and heating device that single evaporator is freezed or condenser heats, and is that heat exchanger adds in single evaporator refrigeration in institute The outlet for pump (3) the extraction steam stated is added with liquid and gas separator, because of the pressure after recovery normal pressure after being extracted steam The liquid that increasing condensation becomes is separated by filtration with faster speed, then is made needed for being transported to by filtered gas and some vapor Absorb thermal energy space；Enter in condenser in the gas that gas plus single condenser are pump (3) absorption higher steam concentration, it is described The gas of higher steam concentration includes the direct gas for obtaining higher steam concentration and individually steam is added in gas；It is described It is independent steam is added in gas be include made with solar energy, heating etc. liquid absorption thermal energy evaporate after, be connected to gas Common flowing forms the gas of higher steam concentration.

13. the method for refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming according to claim 12, which is characterized in that the heat is handed over Parallel operation add single evaporator refrigeration be evaporator have liquid supply import, pump (3) extraction steam outlet and be have in addition Fluid isolation carries out the heat exchanger of heat exchange, each surface of large area material of the liquid distribution in evaporator, and pump (3) continues The steam formation negative pressure extracted out in evaporator to the outside makes liquid evaporate absorption thermal energy in each continuous surface, and each surface passes through The thermal energy of the heat transmitting other fluid of separate absorption, this other fluid are delivered directly to required space after being absorbed thermal energy reduction temperature Or it is transported to the thermal energy in the heat exchanger absorption space in required space；The heat exchanger adds single condenser to be to have the confession of steam Give, pump the compression import of (3) and be have with other fluid isolation carry out heat exchange heat exchanger, be by including with the sun The steam generator that energy, heating etc. evaporate liquid absorption thermal energy persistently provides steam, and pump (3) will be in both vapor compression to condenser Each surface that forming normal pressure makes steam continue the large area material for being in condenser is condensed into liquid release thermal energy, and each surface Pass isolation by heat and pass release thermal energy to other fluid, this other fluid absorbent thermal can improve be delivered directly to after temperature it is required Space or the heat exchanger for being transported to required space absorb the thermal energy in space.

14. the method for refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming described in 2,13 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described It is that heat exchanger adds in single evaporator refrigeration in heat exchanger plus single evaporator refrigeration or the refrigerating and heating device of condenser heating The liquid that steam condensation is collected in liquid header is connected in the outlet of pump (3) the extraction steam, the liquid is received Storage is to be open to communicate with outside that steam is made to keep certain temperature by carrying out heat exchange with other fluid isolation under normal pressure It is condensed into the heat exchanger of liquid.

15. the method for refrigerant evaporation and condensation cooling and warming according to claim 10, which is characterized in that described to make Cryogen evaporates in evaporator and condenses in condenser the refrigerating and heating device mutually converted, make condenser, evaporator and including Compressor, capillary the component for thering is refrigerant to flow be mounted for a refrigerating and heating device, inside and outside point of required thermal energy space Not additionally mounted heat exchanger, condenser is separately connected with evaporator by the fluid pipeline of special transporting heat energy or branch connects In the inside and outside heat exchanger in required thermal energy space, make the refrigerant thermal energy and other transporting heat energy in condenser and evaporator Low pressure working fluid carries out heat exchange, then with small pipeline is connected to the liquid of transporting heat energy inside and outside including required thermal energy space Heat exchanger and other fluid or heat energy carry out heat exchange；The pipeline for conveying transporting heat energy liquid is set to be easy connection and divide Branch connects installation and is easy to deploy refrigerating and heating device, the heat exchanger in required thermal energy space, exchanges the heat friendship of thermal energy with outside Relative mounting location between parallel operation, making can be with the heat exchanger of the connection of the low pressure working fluid of transporting heat energy or branch's connection It is easy installation, branch's installation in required thermal energy space and easily chooses position to install, make the low pressure flow fluid with transporting heat energy The heat exchanger of body connection or branch's connection easily chooses position and installs and easily choose and including air, liquid, solar energy Deng fluid or heat source carry out heat exchange.

Technical field

Freeze the technology of condensation heating the present invention relates to Compression Evaporation, is to be related to reducing air-conditioning equipressure contracting cooling and warming such as answering Energy consumption in.

Background technique

Substantially by the effect of compressor in current such as refrigerator, air-conditioning and the refrigeration of refrigeration, make the system of evaporator Cryogen is discharged by the refrigerant for absorbing thermal energy and condenser with very low suction function boiling small area evaporation by high pressure small area The cooperation of thermal energy keeps the pressure difference between the condenser and evaporator at compressor both ends very big, and consuming should not largely consume Power；Compressor is the principal element of such as air-conditioning consumption electric energy, and present is that electric energy is consumed in society including air-conditioning etc. Rich and influential family and condenser high pressure and the high temperature heat that is discharged so that the power for consuming half is discharged thermal energy to atmosphere, not only Electric energy is gratuitously consumed, and improves atmospheric temperature with having certain amplitude.Simultaneously the heat exchanger used now such as fin with Pipeline etc. it is mating between there is heat exchange power is weak to form the biggish temperature difference, also consume certain power.Solve excessively disappearing for power Consumption problem is project of the invention.

Summary of the invention

The purpose that the present invention solves technical problem is: reducing the pressure in the evaporator and condenser in cooling and warming application Reduce the pressure difference at compressor both ends, or can also only with evaporator refrigeration or only be heated with condenser, eliminate condenser or The consumption power without reason of one of them of evaporator and the temperature for improving atmosphere, and such as fin and pipeline in enhancing heat exchanger Deng cooperation.

The scheme that the present invention solves technical problem is: be first by increase liquid refrigerant and gas refrigerant (including Steam constitute gas, below) separating area, enhancing heat exchanger heat-exchange capacity, make evaporator with small negative pressure Power is in the evaporation of non-boiling state, condenser with small normal pressure condensation or can also be improved temperature condensation with small pressure, It makes up reduction because of pressure to increase the liquid gas separating area of refrigerant and subtracts the evaporation of unit area refrigerant, condensation number It is small and complete comparable evaporation endothermic amount, condensation heat amount；The normal pressure for followed by removing condenser, which is only evaporated with evaporator, to be made Negative pressure that is cold or removing evaporator is only with evaporator sweat cooling or condenser condensation heating.And in refrigerant and in addition Fluid directly carries out heat exchange or when refrigerant with other fluid carries out that heat exchange is isolated, the high cooperation density material of large area with Refrigerant can also make the flowing of gas refrigerant change material surface so that the shortest distance carries out heat exchange and reduces the temperature difference The concentration of steam.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows the pressure between also being reduced by the pressure in each evaporator of reduction and condenser Difference significantly reduces the acting pressure of compressor and reduces the energy consumption such as electricity；There is no the high pressure of condenser to consume when refrigeration Power can reduce the energy consumption such as electricity and the thermal energy discharged to atmosphere；Or there is no the negative pressure of evaporator to consume when heating Power also reduces the energy consumption such as electricity.After the refrigerant pressure for reducing evaporator and condenser by a relatively large margin, refrigerant institute The small section that can increase shell of the pressure-bearing force request of the shell of flowing such as pipeline can be with relatively thin etc., evaporator and condenser Between pressure difference reduce also require flow plug area of section increase and reduce as blocking failure and compressor selection It more can also such as can choose the simple and durable centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump low with pressure；And the reduction of pressure can also make The structure and material more easily selection of evaporator, condenser.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the Structure Figure of cooling and warming..

Fig. 2 is the heat exchanger and liquid, gas distribution diagram of large area liquid gas separation.

Fig. 3 is heat exchanger instance graph.

Fig. 4 is the inside and outside diagram for increasing area and surface of pipeline.

Fig. 5 is liquid refrigerant separation diagram.

Fig. 6 is that heat exchanger increases liquid gas area and liquid cooperation diagram.

Fig. 7 is refrigerating and heating device cooperation diagram seperated with inside and outside heat exchanger.

Specific embodiment

The principle of the present invention is: here by taking the sweat cooling of evaporator as an example, not being done work with whether any refrigerant When pressure in evaporator and condenser it is equal and be maintained at certain value, if to make the system in evaporator when acting The negative pressure that cryogen boiling needs compressor (or pump, below) acting formation very low just can be with.The present invention is to increase evaporation The distribution area of liquid refrigerant in device makes refrigerant not be the state evaporation of boiling, at this moment unit with small negative pressure Evaporation capacity very little in area is to be replaced originally with increasing the few evaporation capacity of area × unit area with small size and small surface The violent big negative pressure evaporation in long-pending inside.Be identical refrigerating capacity be substantially identical refrigerant evaporation capacity: be now with Very low negative pressure completes evaporation capacity in small surface area liquid internal acutely vaporizes at a high speed, and the present invention is small negative pressure in list Plane accumulates interior small evaporation capacity but completes identical evaporation capacity by increasing disengagement area.It is same in condenser, the present invention And identical condensation heat amount is completed by increasing condensation area with small normal pressure condensation number small in unit area, The temperature of condensation can also be properly increased by increasing area, the temperature difference of Lai Zengjia external environment is easy to outside release heat Can, but do not need to increase the power of compressor.Certain identical amount, cryogenic temperature is lower or heating temperature is higher, required Area is bigger；Identical temperature, refrigerated medium heat is bigger, and required area is also bigger.Increase the liquid gas parting surface of refrigerant simultaneously Product is completed within a certain volume, so the density of material is higher, the flowing hole of gas refrigerant is also small, refrigerant Thermal energy, which can carry out heat exchange with short distance, also can reduce the temperature difference of refrigerant with phase heat-exchange fluid.The namely flow of steam It is the condensation number of the evaporation capacity of evaporator, condenser, and the amount for absorbing thermal energy, discharging thermal energy, the cooling and warming being originally are The very big refrigerant evaporation of=high pressure × unit area, condensation number × small evaporate, condense area；Refrigerated medium of the invention Heat is=the small refrigerant evaporation of low-pressure × unit area, condensation number × big evaporates, condenses area；It is original stream Amount is=the evaporating of the very big refrigerant evaporation of unit area, condensation number × small, condense the flow of area=of the invention=mono- The small refrigerant evaporation of plane product, condensation number × big evaporate, condense area, and flow=thermal energy amount of steam, is identical Flow, thermal energy when compressor power consumption be pressure × flow, be originally that high pressure is completed, and the present invention is with small pressure Can complete, such present invention can evaporate, condense the ratio of area reducing the ratio of pressure to increase thus It is the ratio for reducing compressor horsepower.It is mutually synthermal refrigerated medium heat, pressure when becoming smaller of evaporator, condenser, unit The refrigerant evaporation of area, condensation number just tail off, this will with the evaporating of refrigerant, condense area and make up；It is evaporator, cold The pressure of condenser is got over hour, and the evaporation of the refrigerant of unit area, condensation number are fewer, this will with the evaporating of refrigerant, coagulate Junction area requires more greatly to make up.

It is, in the certain temperature of determination, refrigerated medium heat, the evaporating of general refrigerant, to condense area bigger, The evaporation of required unit area, condensation number are smaller, and required evaporation, condensing pressure are also smaller, this is needed in certain volume It is interior to increase evaporating, condensing area for refrigerant；And the temperature difference of refrigerant and phase heat-exchange fluid is smaller, refrigerant can also be with Higher temperature evaporation, lower temperature condensation are obtained, this is temperature difference minimum when refrigerant flows jointly with phase heat-exchange fluid, if Refrigerant with phase heat-exchange fluid be by such as object, pipeline be isolated carry out heat exchange when, refrigerant gas is in small hole Gap and the material for increasing area can reduce the temperature difference of refrigerant and material surface with short distance heat exchange, and the heat from each surface Isolation can be arrived can send out each surface of reduction and phase heat exchange flow as the material of duct wall will have good thermal conductivity, short distance The temperature difference of body.Surface concentration is small when the vapour concentration on each surface is evaporation, condensation when surface concentration height be just easier evaporation, solidifying Knot, the steam that make concentration small when evaporator persistently extracts steam out flow to each surface, in condenser by continued compression steam When so that highly concentrated steam is flow to each surface, it is therefore preferred that control gas refrigerant proper flow；And evaporator With in condenser have pressure difference it is larger when, have part smaller negative pressure evaporation, the condensation of smaller normal pressure and need to increase Plus-pressure；General material will segment smaller, is thinner when increase liquid gas separating area is bigger in certain volume, so it bears The impact force of fluid also weakens；So the endurance of the flowing of control gas refrigerant, internal pressure difference and material will integrate Obtain better relationship.To be formed in evaporator big liquid gas separating area will control distribution liquid refrigerant overall flow rate, Diverted flow, in the relationship of the flowing, diffusion, infiltration on each surface etc. and the flowing of liquid by gravity or there are also gas stream Dynamic motive force effect, synthesis, which makes liquid refrigerant be assigned to each surface in lasting evaporation process, thin liquid level, as far as possible Reduce liquid accumulated plugging or surface without liquid, so that liquid is had more small surfaces, gas in certain volume There is smaller flow section and obtains bigger liquid gas separating area.It is that each surface can condense refrigerant within the condenser, But make the liquid refrigerant on each surface by the overall flow rate of liquid refrigerant, diverted flow, the flowing on each surface, diffusion, The relationship of infiltration etc. and the flowing of liquid form by gravity or there are also the motive force effect that gas flows and pull each surface Liquid with prestissimo concentrate flowing conveying, so that the liquid on each surface is kept most thin layer in lasting condensation, minimize The accumulated plugging of liquid can just make liquid have more small surfaces, gas to have smaller flow section and obtain in certain volume To bigger liquid gas separating area.

In the selection of material, generally forming liquid in surface more thin layer is material aperture, gap, gap etc. and material The relationship of material and liquid.Between such as thering are inside fiber, particle many apertures, surface to have and formed between many gaps, each surface Gap, liquid is easy to flowing, diffusion, infiltration, but the difference of the size and shape in aperture, gap, gap etc. etc., also just like because of liquid Volume density is larger and is influenced by factors such as the motive forces that gravity, gas flow, liquid flowing, diffusion, the speed of infiltration and flow Also different or to be different direction also different；In addition the matching relationship of material and liquid, as liquid is easy in certain material flows Dynamic, diffusion, infiltration, and be to there is row's effect of tearing open to make liquid in the fine pore, gap, gap of material to the liquid in other materials It is also different in the flowing velocities such as the fine pore, gap, gap of different materials and flow Deng flowing or liquid；Such as steaming Send out device in distribution liquid refrigerant arrive each surface when, as when the flowing on each surface, diffusion, penetration are weak some increase in liquid Overall flow rate and diverted flow make liquid have certain pressure flow to each surface such as degree from the top down, and this increased pressure Flowing, diffusion, penetration with regard to accelerating liquid on each surface, if the flowing on each surface, diffusion, penetration it is relatively strong there is a possibility that It is reduced by the influence of such as gravity when liquid is thicker or the external force of gravity is made to become the resistance that people pulls；It is then outside making within the condenser Power forms outflow of the traction force acceleration from each surface to the liquid on each surface, and being comprehensive various cooperations makes the liquid on each surface Layer has thinner state.And liquid is easy to be usually that thermal conductivity is weaker in the thinner liquid level of smaller surface formation Material, so if it is needing the material to have the material that select thermal conductivity better in these materials when heat transfer process；With And the general bad material of thermal conductivity is the large area liquid for being easily shaped into the liquid surface of many very littles and being in contact with gas Gas separation, and cost is very low, and as soon as be in moisture state such as a small fiber for continuous flower, the surface for having many small fibers has very Thin liquid level is in contact inside a continuous flower with gas, that is, this rolls into a ball in silk floss is spent and has very big liquid gas separating area, Just the exterior surface area of the only continuous flower of this group is exactly the liquid gas separating area of very little when but if the continuous flower of this group is saturated with liquid, but this Very low, many small fiber of the continuous flower cost of group is easy for can having very big liquid gas separating area, continuous flower fiber and such as water More liquid have diffusible well and osmosis formed small fiber surface thin liquid level and its thermal conductivity it is smaller.

The general best material of thermal conductivity is metal, and needs to be isolated with other phase heat-exchange fluid in the thermal energy of refrigerant It is the phase heat exchange for needing thermal conductivity good material that the refrigerant thermal energy on each small surface is transmitted to isolation when carrying out heat exchange Fluid, this can make multiple choices.The small surface of threadiness of the good metal material of thermal conductivity very thin such as sheet or very little Shape difficulty is larger and higher cost, is present such as nanotechnology, slice forming technology, fibrilliform molding, formation Many cooperation, the distribution for needing surface liquid again of small liquid surface and suitable gas etc., which are formed in certain volume, to be had more The difficulty of processing of big liquid gas separating area is very big and cost is very high, may select for evaporator or condenser；It can choose The good material surface of thermal conductivity processes the formation such as thin coating or spray coating can be each in the holding for evaporating or condensing time-continuing process The thin liquid level in surface；It can choose metal or what the better material of other thermal conductivity formed particle, particle etc. match combination In the good material surface of thermal conductivity, each particle, particle etc. can increase surface area, and liquid can be made in particle, particle etc. Hole diffusion, infiltration, particle or particle etc. combine rear thermal conductivity and although become smaller, but can also be timely by thermal energy well It is transmitted to Heat Conduction Material；The material of such as above-mentioned continuous flower fiber, spongy poor thermal conductivity is combined in the good material surface of thermal conductivity Material, the surfacing of such as continuous flower keep that very big liquid gas separating area can be increased when wet thin liquid level, and silk floss flower is on surface Thickness, fiber stretch out the length on surface and liquid itself also play the role of certain thermal conductivity etc. it is comprehensive make it is each such as silk floss flower Small surface keeps suitable temperature in lasting evaporation, condensation and during thermal energy persistently passes to thermal conductivity good material, Be formed with very big liquid gas separating area in this way, cost is relatively low and liquid and the distributivity on each small surface it is fine；If can be with It selects the big liquid gas separating area just like silk floss flower, have better thermally conductive materials again, piece or other shapes can also be processed as The material surface that it is good that shape is incorporated in thermal conductivity in different ways formed it is small evaporate or condense area, as long as in lasting evaporation Or in condensation process refrigerant have very much, very little, very thin liquid bulk layer be in contact with gas refrigerant and thermal energy and When transmitting make each surface that certain suitable temperature be kept to continue to evaporate or condense.It is to be noted that certain temperature and evaporation or solidifying For knot amount in bigger area evaporation or condensation, pressure is smaller, and the requirement evaporation of unit area or condensation number are also less to want Ask liquid supply each surface or from each surface export amount also very little, the amount of the thermal energy of unit area are also less that each surface is wanted Ask the amount of transferring heat energy also less, this is to thermal conductivity good material and the thermal conductivity that can increase large area formation liquid gas separating area Small to combine highly advantageous, each minimal surface is more, closeer bigger liquid refrigerant and gas can be formed in certain volume The contact area of cryogen, as long as each minimal surface can maintain certain evaporation or condensation number can in certain temperature With.

For example the boiling point of water under normal pressure is 100 degree, pressure at this moment is the about 101.3k pa of 1 standard atmospheric pressure；It is false Being equipped with cold refrigerant temperature is 60 degree, and present refrigeration is to make water be in fluidized state at 60 degree to be pressure about 20k pa, that is, press Contracting machine needs that pressure is made to be reduced to 20k pa from 101.3k pa, consumes the pressure of 813k pa；The present invention is then water intaking at 60 degree The amount with small pressure natural evaporation, but can just continue to evaporation capacity due to needing to extract out steam, it is assumed that need 10k pa, Then compressor of the invention only consumes the pressure of 10k pa, and present invention comparison is now: 81.3k ÷ 10k=8.13, is this hair Bright consumes 1/8.13 present energy；If it is 20k pa of the present invention, then the present invention only consumes the pressure of 20k pa, right Than being: 1/4.065, i.e., at this moment the present invention about only consumes present a quarter, because the consumption power of pump is pressure × stream Amount, so at this moment the present invention is being a quarter electric energy that compressor has used original high pressure explosive vaporization.When if it is refrigeration Refrigerant temperature is 30 degree, then boiling point is about 4.1k pa, and the present invention, which increases, extracts steam, original compression out with the pressure of 4 pas after area It is also more 4/97.2=1/24 that consumption power, which is the energy that 101.3k-4.1 k=97.2k pa can be saved, but needs to consider institute Whether whether increased area conditions permit or be worth；If the temperature of refrigeration is 50 degree or is lower, the present invention is reduced This consumption ratio it is lower, but this is the amount for needing to increase area；It is identical in other parameters, including as extraction steam maintains table The evaporation capacity that face vapour pressure etc. is increased area when being 60 degree of water boilings compares multiple when 60 degree of water natural evaporations, certainly The present invention, which can also be further added by consumption power, reduces negative pressure, makes evaporation capacity of the evaporation rate at such as 70,80,90 degree etc., steams The increase of hair amount can not need to increase excessive area, that is, liquid gas separating area is smaller but the power of consumption is also corresponding Increase.Such as certain evaporator in 60 degree of refrigerant to be 1 unit area when explosive evaporation for 100 grams per minute, and small pressure exists It is 0.5 gram per minute of 1 unit area when 60 degree of small pressure evaporatings, then the area of about small pressure evaporating is explosive evaporation face 100 grams of long-pending ÷ 0.5=200 times；It is 100 times when if to select small pressure evaporating being 1 gram per minute, at this moment consumes pressure increase But area is one times small.By contrast if selection be 40 degree when potential evaporation, can also greatly reduce pressure and disappear Consumption, but area will also be increase accordingly.It at this moment is that refrigerant by taking water as an example, when specific is in use state: when such as air conditioner refrigerating Refrigerant is needed to evaporate at 0 degree, the condensation at 60 degree, the quantity of steam for selecting refrigerant contained at 0 degree the mostly more advantageous Thermal energy is absorbed in evaporation, and when preferably small pressure is not fluidized state at 60 degree, but have more quantity of steam reason to be conducive to Condensation, that is, preferably small pressure when evaporate and condense refrigerant be not that fluidized state has more quantity of steam again.Having Body is in application, be to consider the amount of certain temperature evaporation simultaneously and need increased area relationship to determine., that is, the user having is The factor very little of volume is considered to reduce based on power consumption, and some users are to be ready slightly increased some power consumptions and want Reduce based on volume.Selection increase refrigerant can disengagement area it is bigger, the evaporation capacity of unit area less, required area more Greatly, but the stressed smaller electric energy for making consumption of compressor is fewer, is also certainly the same in condenser.Generally in a small pipeline The interior flow area for increasing refrigerant can be ten a few to tens of times, cut if the section of pipeline is increased or is increased outside pipeline Face area can be dozens to hundreds of times or more again, that is, to increase refrigerant liquid gas separated contact surfaces product can be more than ten × tens=hundred times-- arrive-- tens × hundred=thousands of times even ten thousand times or more.Such as liquid system in present evaporator Cryogen distribution area very little, if full surface flow of the identical pipeline liquid refrigerant only in pipeline can be than original Area increases many times, if refrigerant tubing area of section increases by 100 times, such as former radius is 0.5 centimetre, then increases to half 5 centimetres of diameter are 100 times, inside increase as fin can than original big 1000 times of liquid refrigerant distribution area or more, Select refrigerant and volume whole when the progress heat exchange of other liquid also very little.If increasing thousands of times of disengagement area or ten thousand Times, then the evaporation capacity of unit area requires that thousands of times or ten thousand times can be lacked, as long as ensure thermal energy passes to other stream in time Body and keep temperature, the negative pressure of required evaporation is with regard to very little, then the consumption power of compressor also very little.

It is when increasing liquid gas separating area first, evaporator and condenser have very big different.It is needed in evaporator Big liquid gas separating area can be just formed by controlling the distribution area of liquid, and the steam of condenser can be in condenser Interior all surface condensation release thermal energy.When increasing area, if liquid is in surface flow, the liquid thickness of surface flow It is bigger can be smaller with increased area, it is preferably to use liquid diffusion, infiltration method, so that surface is kept wet state, i.e., It is the only wet rather than liquid side arrived to the eye, can segments within a certain volume closeer in this way and more tiny Surface, available maximum area.It is the process for making liquid refrigerant be assigned to all surface in evaporator, is liquid Amount of flow big Shi Caiyong (stream) pipeline be assigned in small (stream) pipeline or capillary channel and flow, reallocate and expand when area is big It dissipates, penetrate into each small surface, but not have hydrops, preferably all keep moisture state；It and is gas refrigerant in condenser Can be condensed in all surface in heat exchanger, the material or material surface for being scattered in large area cannot make liquid condensation at Biggish liquid pearl, preferably surface have very thin liquid layer or are also moisture state, and liquid focuses on small (stream) from all surface In pipeline or capillary channel, then focus in big (stream) pipeline.The capillary flow of liquid, diffusion, infiltration can up and down, Any directions such as level, but the motive force of gas flow direction and gravity also have certain effect, so these are according to practical true It is fixed.But in a heat exchanger, the total flow direction of liquid refrigerant should be flowed from the top to the bottom, and be liquid in (stream) pipeline It is to flow from the top to the bottom, and capillary flow is also to flow from the top to the bottom more preferably.Liquid is in pipeline, runner or hair such as in evaporator The liquid for having increase certain when carefully flowing from the top to the bottom is assigned to each surface pressing, readily diffuses into each branch or surface in this way, Reduce the gradient flowed from the top to the bottom, bottom horizontal flow sheet as can choose liquid when amount of liquid is more or suitable spread from bottom to top Infiltration etc., and the material or material surface on each surface are can to flow to each surface area hour to form thin layer liquid, area is big When be to absorb liquid and spread, permeate and form surface and have very thin liquid.It is that gas refrigerant condenses in each table within the condenser It flowed behind face, penetrate into the branch of each pipeline, runner or capillary, then concentrate flowing, the liquid of each branch or concentration is from the top down There is certain traction force to absorb the liquid on each surface when flowing.The percentage of wetted soil liquid on certain surface is available in surface flow Area is more greatly, such as one piece of as broad as long fin and cloth, and the area of fin is length × wide × 2 faces, and cloth is by being permitted The fibers of more very littles forms, when cloth is only wet, the surface of each fiber be covered with very thin liquid but contacted with gas and Very big liquid gas separating area is formed, the smaller then fiber more many areas of fiber is also bigger, if cloth liquid is more to fill up fiber When gap, liquid gas separating area=fin area and become much smaller times, so control liquid wet degree it is critically important, It is to make each minimal surface substantially to there is very thin refrigerant liquid to contact with gas, the liquid gas of refrigerant, which separates the area that is in contact, is An important factor for forming large area evaporation, condensation in certain volume.

The increase refrigerant flow area of heat exchanger is generally if (80,81,83,84) in Fig. 6 are 4 grades of tree-like branches (specific branch's series such as 73 can be only 1 grade without branch, be also possible to 2 grades or more according to actual determination Branch), it is the surface that many such as fibers, column or very thin sheet (81) are incorporated in piece or column (80), and it is more (81) combination for being incorporated in (80) is incorporated in (83) surface, and has the combination of more (81,80,83) on the surface of (84).Such as Fruit is when increasing area in pipeline or container, and lesser branch contacts with pipeline or chamber wall, such as (39,40) in Fig. 4 Branch contacts in pipeline or the inner surface of container；It is outside pipeline if it is area is increased, then is that such as trunk (49,51) combine In the outer surface of pipeline (50).Either level-one either has 2 grades of liquid gas parting surfaces that refrigerant flowing is combined into top set Product, the smallest liquid surface (81) is more, arrangement combines closeer to form bigger liquid gas contact in certain volume Separating area, the relationship of the material and liquid refrigerant that form these surfaces certainly are that liquid to be made is easy on this material or surface Material diffusion, infiltration form thin layer liquid, do not need material have heat transmit when can choose including any of thermal conductivity very little Material.It is good to can choose the good either thermal conductivity of thermal conductivity when if necessary to heat transmitting isolation with the progress heat exchange of other fluid The lesser material of material surface combination thermal conductivity, if (81) the thermal conductivity requirement in Fig. 6 can be with very little, but (80,83,84) are wanted There is good thermal conductivity, thermal energy from (81) to (80) to (83) to (84) is made to be transmitted to the stream in pipeline (86) by duct wall again Body；Or (39,40) of such as Fig. 4 are fluid of branch's transferring heat energy to the another side of duct wall, as long as can each continuous surface holding conjunction Suitable temperature continues to evaporate or condense.The namely general good material of thermal conductivity such as metal directly forms larger face Long-pending is that area is not very big thin slice or column；Some areas are reduced with thermal conductivity when the combination of large and small particle also to increase； And as the liquid gas separating area that thermal conductivity the formation such as fiber much materials of small liquid surface is poor but can be formed is very big, It can choose thermal conductivity not and be good material as such as the smallest final stage branch (81) or be incorporated in the table of thermal conductivity good material The fit system in face etc. will select while density of material of each surface in certain volume forms bigger liquid gas separating area It is transmitted with thermal energy is designed from each surface to the thermal energy of other phase heat-exchange fluid, each surface and the temperature difference of phase heat-exchange fluid are got over Conference reduces evaporation or condensation number and needs to increase area or pressure, as long as each surface keeps certain in evaporation, condensation process Temperature, available bigger liquid gas separating area formed synthesis result be can be with smaller in certain volume and thermal energy Pressure evaporating, condensation refrigerant.

If upper 2 sections this block cloth can replace as the fin (the 81 of such as upper section) of minimum unit area or as wing The surface of piece can increase liquid gas separating area to the maximum extent.If this block cloth can be used as fin, as heat exchange Device (material transferring heat energy is needed to carry out that heat exchange is isolated with other fluid) is this block cloth when there is big liquid gas separating area Preferable thermal conductivity is selected, but if thermal conductivity can not then be required by being only used as evaporation or condensation area, can directly be made For minimum thermal cross-over unit surface (81) application；If the thermal conductivity of cloth is slightly poor, when as heat exchanger application, can with lead The hot materials object of netted, sheet, column etc. well combines, and the timely heat exchange of the thermal energy of cloth is made to keep certain temperature； If the poor thermal conductivity of cloth, can also there be certain thermal conductivity according to the thermal conductivity of cloth and in the liquid of cloth flowing It is comprehensive to be used as surfaces such as (81,83), it is that cloth shoe is covered in the thermally conductive good material surface such as (81,83), forms the thin fibre in surface Tie up the pile layer that layer or many short distances are stretched out, the thickness for carrying out lid be make each surface temperature be maintained at a certain range continue evaporation or The material of condensation and cloth will have good liquid refrigerant infiltration, diffusivity that can increase big liquid gas separating area again. When refrigerant with other fluid carries out that heat exchange is isolated, the surface temperature of (81) about each minimum unit area and surface face Long-pending relationship: by taking cloth as an example, it is assumed that the temperature on each surface of thermal conductivity official post of cloth than originally reduces 10 degree, certain The evaporation of pressure initiation unit area, condensation number reduce half, but since cloth is made of many fibers, if this fiber Material and composition and such as density of each fiber each fiber surface can be made to be covered with thin layer liquid refrigerant, and each fiber it Between be flowable gas refrigerant, in volume certain in this way the separated contact surfaces of obtained liquid and gas product it is much larger Again, total evaporation or the evaporation of condensation number=unit area or condensation number × area, and the evaporation of unit area or condensation number are The synthesis of pressure and temperature, because requirement temperature when cooling and warming is certain or a certain range of, generally here Influence temperature is the temperature difference between the temperature on each surface and phase heat-exchange fluid or object, and the temperature difference is got over hour each surface and can be obtained To higher temperature evaporation or obtain the condensation refrigerant of lower temperature, although subtracting so reducing by 10 degree of flat evaporators or condensation number It is small by 1 half, but area increases many times, it is possible to as good selection to be the areas that selection increases many times And reduce 10 degree.Namely in the heat transfer demands for having material, certain volume is with the increase liquid gas of any material and method point Temperature from area and each surface is based on synthesis obtains bigger total evaporation or condensation number, is increased in certain volume first Refrigerant liquid and gas the separated contact surfaces product of increasing, just can reduce pressure, rethink each surface of method reduction and hand over mutually heat The temperature difference of change of current body or object, or be conducive to control refrigerant and phase heat exchange flow when increase refrigerant liquid gas separating area The temperature difference of body or object is in a certain range.

(54,55,58) in Fig. 4 are the shoe cap rocks on surface, allow liquid refrigerant very unfertile land in surface flow, expand The very thin surface liquid level of scattered, infiltration etc..(55) layer of the formation such as very thin plating, spray, painting mainly makes liquid very unfertile land stream Dynamic, (21) of the very thin flowing of liquid such as Fig. 2 can be made by generally also having certain diffusion, permeability, this is mainly to consider more liquid Body is such as easy to bead up on thermal conductivity good material surface forms that liquid is thicker, and (55) are to make liquid in table with such as nanometer, particle etc. The material that face easily disperses or spreads, permeates etc., is incorporated in this material such as fin, column, filiform or particle with very thin layer The good material surface of the thermal conductivity such as (54,58), increase these surfaces liquid is dispersible or diffusion, permeability and form thin liquid Body layer.(54) be surface little particle or fiber etc. can make on a small quantity spread, infiltration material, (58) be surface larger particles or Fiber etc. can make the material of the larger diffusion of flow, infiltration, and liquid can be in the gap between particle, fiber, surface (60) Capillary diffusion, infiltration, and as in figure particle or fiber upper surface have many concave-convex liquid it is thin when can also increase and gas Contact area；Certainly as fruit granule or fiber (54,58) can be again by it is many it is smaller, be conducive to diffusion, infiltration as Molecule or particle have gap to be combined into, itself also having to the diffusion of liquid, permeability is liquid directly in (54,58) Portion completes diffusion, infiltration, very thin liquid is formed on (54,58) surface, if the gap between (54,58) is gas, liquid gas Separating area it is just more big；General particle or fiber are smaller, diffusion, infiltration flow can be smaller, so small particle or Fiber (54) is incorporated in smaller heat exchange per surface such as (81), and big particle or fiber (58) are incorporated in upper level The surface of branch, in Fig. 6, it is assumed that be evaporator, liquid is flowed from the top to the bottom from (85) to (stream) pipeline or capillary branch (82), liquid is assigned to the surface of fin (83) from (82) again, has biggish particle or fiber (58) to make liquid in fin (83) Full diffusion into the surface, infiltration quickly, and column or fin (81) surface have thin and lesser particle or fiber (54) from fin (83) Surface absorption and in full diffusion into the surface, permeation liquid, and (80) are that have diffusion, the ability of permeation liquid or table in itself Face, which is also carried out, to be covered in little particle or fiber, absorbs from (81) and diffused liquid forms very thin liquid level.It can also be as in Fig. 2 (20) it is assigned to surface (21,27), (21,27) can have hole to spread liquid on two sides when being sheet.It is to be noted that every list The evaporation of position or amount all very littles of condensation number and thermal energy, so the amount of liquid is the amount of evaporation or condensation, general liquid is in table Face can spread, permeate very big area, if liquid successively spreads from branch (82), penetrates into (83,81,80) and cannot expire Foot can increase again from (82) that liquid flows and be branched off into (81), make liquid from (81) on full surface and including minimum unit (80) it spreads, permeate.(54,55,58) can be combined on the surface with such as spray, viscous, painting any method, material, make liquid Thin layer is distributed in each small surface and can form big liquid gas separating area again when keeping the temperature of surface liquid, each smaller Surface is to form greater area of most important factor.It is also noted that the orientation of each surfacing to liquid distribution also have it is larger Influence, if (80) are stretched out upwards from (83) surface in figure, if it is in evaporator refrigerant be from distribution liquid (82) It diffuses up, penetrate into (80) and be redistributed to each small surface (81), the material or surfacing of this (80) for needing to stretch out upwards The requirement of the liquid diffusion, infiltration that have had, makes liquid be assigned to many (81) for primarily forming big liquid gas separating area in time；Such as Fruit is the major surfaces that (81) are condensing vapour within the condenser, and (81) right mark is horizontality in figure, this needs (80) The surface liquid that there is certain absorbability to condense (80) of each level flow to (81) in time, can just make to primarily form big The many (81) of liquid gas separating area keeps thin liquid level, then flow to (82,83) from (80) are downwardly gravitating, in this (80) Liquid bulk gravity flow downward and be conducive to the liquid that drawing absorbs small surface (81)；Assuming that (81) are from the end of the stretching of (80) It is downwards, if the liquid of (81) can be absorbed in short-term general (80) in (81) outreach, if the outreach of (81) is longer When then liquid the accumulation of liquid is formed by gravity flowing to end, be unfavorable for the liquid level that each surface keeps thin.So (80,81, 83,84) for arrangement architecture etc. it is noted that liquid is by gravity or there are also other external force etc. to be influenced, synthesis makes each surface have thin liquid The cryogen layer maximum liquid refrigerant of formation holding is in contact based on area with gas refrigerant.

The flowing of liquid and branch are liquid in the distribution stream between each surface and liquid always pass in and out in heat exchanger Dynamic, the pressure difference of liquid is smaller everywhere.It can be the runner for thering is pipeline to act on being process, certain arrangement is distributed in flow passage side Hole or gap, connect with other branch or surface；Be also possible to the pipeline that wall surface has certain aligned apertures, with other branch or Surface connection；It is also possible to capillary channel, material and structure make liquid that side is flowed and had again along extending direction Diffusion distribution, if being evaporator in Fig. 6, liquid is flowed from the top to the bottom along capillary channel (85), and can be laterally assigned to point Branch capillary channel (82) or there are also fin (86) surface, and capillary channel (82) from (85) absorb liquid after bottom horizontal flow sheet, again Laterally it is assigned to fin (83) or there are also (80), (81), this, which is mainly material, has a good absorption to the liquid, and (85, 82) inside or there are also surfaces suitable arrangement of apertures makes liquid be easy to flow to certain direction and have suitable liquid lateral again Flowing, it is highly advantageous as the cooperation that liquid and such as fin surface are spread is distributed in small branch to small capillary channel, in figure (82) there is good contact in the upper surface for being placed on fin (83), make liquid (83) upper surface diffusion or be also diffuse into (80, 81), if to be also diffused into the lower surface of (83), there can be the hole centainly arranged in fin (83), make liquid from upper surface Downward diffusion into the surface also also can also be close to be placed with capillary channel (82) in (83) lower surface, and the capillary flow of liquid can be with In a certain range upwards, downwards, to level etc., direction is flowed at one's discretion, such as runner processing is small cut at narrow gap or pipeline Also there is capillary flow movement use in face, and general work connection branch is more advantageous, if hole divides when being laterally assigned to the surface such as fin It is smaller with the general face of liquid, if it is with the table of the material capillary flow distribution of such as fiber bundle-like or long small pore-like etc. to such as fin Face can increase lateral allotment area, can select certainly.It is such as existing if fin (80,81,83,84) is on one face Each fin in figure on one face, can also be transmitted, as being each fin in figure with the capillary channel collective of sheet such as cloth Lid is carried out by whole, liquid transmits between (80,81,83,84) simultaneously in sheet cloth.As (45) are the distribution of liquid in Fig. 4 Capillary channel, the centre of (39,40,46,47,44) are intermediate conveyor liquid of the strip capillary channel in pipeline, the section of pipeline It is small, in centre easy short distance be assigned to each surface, shared sectional area very little and capillary channel can around any direction Transmit liquid.Capillary channel is diffused into downwards each surface on top in such as pipeline of (43), this is in evaporator；If cold It is capillary channel in condenser in lower part, it can also be without special flow channel for liquids.Capillary channel between small fin (42) It (45) is sheet or mesh sheet shape such as cloth, (36) of fin overall alignment such as Fig. 3 of heat exchanger are vertical more preferable from top to bottom, Liquid transmits during sheet capillary channel (45) flows from the top to the bottom with many small fins (42) mutually liquid, certainly It can flow or spread in main fin (49) and be transmitted with small fin (42) phase liquid.(stream) pipeline, capillary channel are mainly as steamed Hair device be distribution liquid to each surface, condenser be from each surface collection liquid, can independently of each liquid gas separation surface, make The liquid level that each surface keeps thinner is better, and the method for specific position or connection is depending on the structure of heat exchanger；One As also have a small amount of condensation or evaporation, but the flow of liquid is larger, does not influence, to body shared by whole condensation or evaporation capacity Long-pending or section ratio also very little.

Will the flowing to liquid and diverted flow and surface liquid distribution between relation balance it is good, evaporator is to make liquid Refrigerant is assigned to each surface, condenser is to control the liquid on each surface to collect；The liquid on each surface is thinner, can be put into more The bigger area that close, smaller or thinner material obtains, it shall be noted that be the portion accumulated when there is liquid to accumulate Each surface area is divided no longer to exist, the volume of accumulation is bigger, and the area of disappearance is bigger, has to the surface face of accumulated liquid Product；The change of such as refrigerated medium heat makes evaporation or the variation of condensation number that each surface will be made to have certain amount of liquid, keeps not More inside hydrops occurs or has there is no liquid refrigerant compared with multi-surface.

Flowing, diverted flow and capillary flow of liquid etc. by gravity, gas flow motive force, the structure of material, The relationship affect of material and liquid.Material and the relationship of liquid be opposite the flowable of certain material of certain liquid, diffusion, The speed and flow of infiltration, if some liquid are easy to bead up on the surface of the material and some are the thin layer distributions not beaded up, if any A little liquid are easy to quickly flow in the hole of material, spread, permeate, and some liquid not can enter the hole etc. of material.One As be to collect in the lower part on each surface, and respectively flow with diverted flow and pulled by gravity when being also downward within the condenser The liquid of the liquid on each surface, each surface can comparatively fast be flowed out from surface by traction force and gravity, and certain each surfacing is most It is good so that liquid comparatively fast flowed, spread, permeate the liquid level (rather than beading up) for making liquid only keep thinner, it can also be existed with liquid It is collected after each surface condensation by material interior suction and collects flowing.

It is to need to distribute liquid refrigerant to each surface in evaporator, generally forms the stream that each surfacing has also had Dynamic, diffusion, osmosis, the surface flow of liquid is thicker, and obtained liquid gas separating area is also smaller, the diffusion of liquid and The available obtained liquid gas separating area of thinner liquid level is also preferably selected more greatly when infiltration.The total flowing of liquid and Diverted flow is usually from top to bottom and bottom horizontal flow sheet.If selection liquid in each surface flow, such as horizontally or diagonally when General liquid is more difficult to be flowed in lower surface, preferably on surface vertically from upper after making the flowing of liquid and branch be assigned to each surface Downward flowing, liquid is easy for flowing in all surfaces on each surface, as fin can all be distributed flowing in both side surface. If each surface (including being diffused into surface in material) is by diffusion, osmotic liquid, because liquid can be toward packet Any directions diffusion such as horizontal, upper and lower, infiltration are included, and liquid is required to get over Bao Yuehao, if evaporation or condensation number changed Greatly, liquid diffusion from the top down, infiltration occur surface liquid sometimes excessively accumulate, sometimes liquid it is very few cannot full surface divide Cloth, such as in Fig. 2, liquid is assigned to (stream) pipeline or capillary flow (21) from (19), then is dispensed downwardly into surface from (21) (27), at this moment can there are (stream) pipeline or capillary flow (28) in the lower part on surface, (28) be responsible for spreading from the top down, permeates The excessive liquid in top (27) surface is also absorbed simultaneously, and the liquid on surface (27) is made to have suitable range；If set to (28) Setting is only to spread from bottom to top, and the liquid that diffusion from bottom to top, infiltration not will cause surface (27) is excessive or very few, but liquid Upward diffusion, infiltration can weaken, and (stream) pipeline or capillary flow (28) for needing to distribute liquid are distributed more；(stream) pipeline Or capillary channel (20) is that liquid is made to include horizontal sideways diffusion, penetrate into surface (27), the sideways diffusion of liquid (20) is seeped It is thoroughly faster than the diffusing up of (28), seepage velocity, it not will cause the excessive or very few influence of liquid substantially yet；It can also be lateral (20), (21), (28) match；Generally according to liquid in the diffusion of the structure of material or material, penetration and unit area Evaporation or condensation number determine.(20,21,28) on distribution liquid to each surface are by each surface (27), each surface group (such as Fig. 6 82 be assigned to more 80,81 surfaces), it is each in the lasting evaporation, condensation in certain or a certain range refrigerated medium heat There is the separating area of big refrigerant liquid and gas on surface, and more blocking or the not state of liquid does not occur at least.

Liquid when should be noted that mutually synthermal refrigerated medium heat, evaporating, condensing is contacted with the separation of gas Area is bigger, and the smaller pressure of required compressor is that consumption power is fewer, while the evaporation of unit area, condensation number more subtract Few, the absorption of unit area or the amount for discharging thermal energy more reduce.When having liquid and material requirements to have heat to transmit, unit area exists The amount of liquid reduction of supply is required in evaporator makes liquid slow down diffusion and infiltration and can control to obtain thinner liquid level, In The liquid that each surface in condenser is condensed, which has the longer time to collect, makes each surface have thinner liquid level, this be conducive to by It is to have higher cooperation density and increase bigger refrigerant liquid gas separating area that each subdivision surfaces, which obtains thinner, closeer,；Unit It is to reduce to the delivery request of thermal energy that the amount reduction that area absorbs or discharge thermal energy, which can reduce the thermal conductivity of material, generally At low cost and big liquid gas separating area easy to form is the material of such as small fiber, spongy poor thermal conductivity, comprehensive to heat The delivery request of energy reduces, liquid itself also has certain thermal conductivity, very big liquid gas is more readily formed in the material of poor thermal conductivity Separating area and reduction cost, this, which is combined when there is heat transfer demands with the good material of thermal conductivity, just becomes to be easy to. Can exactly there be the poor thermal conductivity material evaporation of big liquid gas separating area to absorb thermal energy, condensation release thermal energy by low cost, then It is pooled to needed for being transmitted to the material that it is good that thermal energy is pooled to thermal conductivity and absorbs or discharge at thermal energy, be mainly to ensure that and tying certainly When conjunction the material transferring heat energy of poor thermal conductivity to thermal conductivity good material distance, such as poor thermal conductivity material from thermal conductivity good material Outreach or thickness etc. make thermal radiation, that the material of poor thermal conductivity has certain thermally conductive, liquid also to have is certain thermally conductive etc. comprehensive Make each surface of the material of poor thermal conductivity that certain temperature be kept persistently to evaporate, condense refrigerant.(different material thermal conductivities is different, It is different to the diffusion of liquid, Penetration Signature, the more mode, structure on small surfaces and the size of area can be subdivided into also not Together)

It is the example for increasing refrigerant liquid gas separating area inside and outside pipeline in Fig. 4, (39,40,41,43,44,46,47) are The example for increasing refrigerant liquid gas separating area in pipeline, when increasing more surface areas, the thermal energy of these all surfaces Need also duct wall have well contact thermal heat transfer capability.(39,40,41,44) are to increase radiation fin refrigeration in pipeline The example of agent liquid gas separating area, radiating end or centre of fin etc. has bending, and making fin can be compression with radial expansion Make the radius of fin become smaller to be put into pipeline, then radiates fin rebound compressing inner wall of the pipe, be generally placed upon straight line or big In the pipeline of radius bend.(39,40) are tree structures, and (40) have 2 grades of branches, and many small columns are incorporated in bigger column table Face, such as (46,47) are incorporated in the surface of (45), as a circular hairbrush, if (45) are that softer material can be put into In the small pipeline of bending radius, it is put into the state of such as (46) or (47) after pipeline；It is also possible to many pillars or thin fin knot It closes in fin surface；(39) be 3 grades of branches, be in many pillars of such as (40) or the surface of thin fin there are also smaller pillar or Thinner fin.(41,44) are that thin fin bends to star-shaped fin, and star fin, which can also radially reduce, to be put into pipeline, Compressing inner wall of the pipe is sprung back again.(41) density is less, and obtained area is also small, and liquid is suitble to be distributed in surface flow； It (44) is the star fin for having very big density, the liquid fiber surface interaction for being suitble to liquid very thin, the other flowing for needing liquid is matched It closes, if any transmission of the capillary channel (45) between intermediate flow liquid and fin.Increase liquid gas separating area one in pipeline As be suitble to the gas heat exchange between the fin outside the refrigerant and pipeline in pipeline and a kind of refrigerant in pipeline in addition The fluid in (stream) pipeline that surface is close to apply in heat exchange.

(53) be multi-disc fin package pipeline cooperation, as can be in figure by more how thin of fin package pipeline formed greatly Liquid gas separating area, many small columns or sheet can also be branched out again (so in the fin (53) of every package pipeline More 81 methods for being incorporated in 80 surfaces), increase such as fiber, wire between fin or increase in each fin surface as fibrous Deng the material for increasing area.The cooperation processing of this more fins package pipeline and being incorporated in all is easy to always, fin and pipeline Heat transfer capacity it is strong, be easy to increase the gross area of fin and easily choose the cooperation density of pipeline and fin (such as in fin 53 In the quantity of cooperation pipeline 56 be easy to change), this as increase liquid gas separating area heat exchanger no matter from what angle It is all to select well.It is stronger that the cooperation of multi-disc fin package pipeline is that refrigerant can be shell bearing capacity when outside pipeline Round convoluted pipe (73) radius such as Fig. 6 in be bulge, be also possible to be combined into rectangular etc. any shape, such as figure 3 (38) are generally rectangular, if refrigerant is to add shell outside pipeline and connect to the fluid pipeline of the inside.In (37) of Fig. 3 are also the cooperation of multi-disc fin package pipeline, are as can be seen from the figure that the spiral shape together of fin and pipeline is revolved Around cooperation, be 3 pipelines that more fins wrap up one layer in figure, also can according to need the number of tubes and layer of selection package Number.

It is that when increasing liquid gas separating area outside pipeline, very big area can be increased outside pipeline, usually made in Fig. 4 Cryogen carries out heat exchange with the strong liquid of heat exchange power in pipeline outside pipeline.It is first to combine in the small fin that (42) are marked The combination of (42) and (49) is welded on the part (50) that pipeline external surface either wraps up pipeline again by the surface of main fin (49), And the small fin (42) in the following figure is incorporated in and wraps up the surface that pipe section (50) are the main fins of integrated radiation (51)；In Small fin (42) can weld with main fin (49,51) or be not required very with the Nian Jie method of contact in this Strong heat transfer capacity, but the guarantee of the needs such as the material and shape of main fin and connection method has well from main fin to pipeline Heat transfer capacity.The heat exchange amount of general heat exchanger needs arranged side by side, the wing of the following figure of multiple pipelines outer fin and pipeline when larger It is round (56) outside piece, the pressure that can be born is larger, but the hole of multiple combinations is also more, so the volume occupied is big by one A bit；Fin outer surface in upper figure be it is rectangular, it is high to the utilization rate of volume when multiple combinations are arranged side by side, but each rectangular outer surface Receiving pressure it is weak, but heat exchanger the gross area it is bigger when evaporate or the pressure of condensation is also smaller, that is, when area is big by It is small (substantially extracting out or compressing makes vapour concentration near each surface keep certain value) in pressure, when if it is negative pressure evaporation, Rectangular plane has to be inside contracted on a small quantity, but internal fin also increases certain bearing capacity, so can apply in more situation； It, can be if the whole outside of Fig. 6 is added with pressure-bearing outline border or container if it is as there is lesser normal pressure inside condenser (76) or there are also reinforcing muscle (74), prevent the outside swollen convex of square planar, if the increase area outside each pipeline of the inside with There are separate housing (77) outside the cooperation of pipeline, bearing capacity has certain reinforcement.The liquid gas separating area that this combination obtains is big, Exchange capacity between the thermal energy and pipeline on each surface is strong, and is also easier to process.Pipe in figure inside wrapping portion Road (52) is that have many fins, can increase the heat of liquid in pipeline (52) if it is the liquid with refrigerant phase heat exchange Exchange capacity.Also it can choose refrigerant to evaporate, condense in pipeline (52), and the increase area portions outside pipeline (52) (51) and from (51) the large area material branched out is usually to carry out heat exchange with gas.

(48) in Fig. 3 are that the liquid of phase heat exchange carries out hot friendship with the refrigerant in larger cross-section pipeline outside pipeline It changes, the difference is that pipeline (such as 43,44) section of (48) refrigerant is bigger, more surface areas can be increased, be easier Cooperation assembly is easy distribution refrigerant, thermal energy and is transmitted to that duct wall is more advantageous outward, and the liquid (48) outside refrigerant tubing can be with In gap directly outside pipeline or there is other pipeline external surface to be close to.Upper two figure in Fig. 6 be also in pipeline ( Can be described as in container) increase liquid gas separating area, the pipeline compared to upper section is increased section.It (77) is that the inside increases The square pipe of more surface area, liquid refrigerant transmit each surface by (75) distribution, and such as each surface is fin, from figure In it can be seen that each fin branch contacts with duct wall radially outward, so that the thermal energy on each surface is better transmitted to duct wall, and The liquid in interval (79) outside the thermal energy of duct wall and other fluid pipeline (78) or refrigerant square pipe carries out hot friendship It changes.(73) it is the pipeline curled up in the big container outer surface in section, and in container is the liquid gas separating area for having very large area, holds Each surface radiated in device, which has, much transmits with container surfaces contact heat, transfers thermal energy to the liquid in helical pipe (73), Here container is that area of section is bigger relative to big cross section pipe (77).Refrigerant steams in section big pipeline or container Hair, condensation area it is big, thermal energy it is outside wall surface transmitting dispersing contact point it is more, it is uniform, apart from it is short, conduct heat power it is strong, refrigerant and The isolation pipeline or chamber wall (such as 43,44,77,78) of phase heat exchanger fluid will have good thermal conductivity to concentrate the system of each branch Cryogen thermal energy and liquid heat-exchange, so the temperature on each surface in pipeline or container is easily accessible to the phase heat exchange fluid of outside Body can also more can reduce pressure evaporating, condensation in this way.

Certain heat exchanger selection refrigerant evaporate outside pipeline, it is more preferable with the liquid progress heat exchange in pipeline to condense, Various heat exchangers (34,35,36,37,38) in such as Fig. 3 all can serve as fin of the refrigerant outside pipeline and evaporate, be solidifying Knot, if the smaller surface flow for making refrigerant in each fin of density of selection fin, the preferably fin such as (35,36,38) It is vertical or near vertical placement, such liquid refrigerant can flow from the top to the bottom distribution；If selecting refrigerant each Diffusion into the surface, infiltration can choose the mode that different liquid is assigned to each surface in evaporator, can be vertical, inclination Or horizontal any surface, it should be noted that gravity or the influence there are also gas flow direction；The horizontal plane in condenser Liquid is easy accumulation, is preferably selected inclination or vertical fin is placed.The heat exchanger of Fig. 3 is example, be can also be such as column Shape, fiber etc. combine outside pipeline, or such as Fig. 3 fin surface also added with cylindricality, fiber etc..

Above-mentioned large and small pipeline is inside and outside or container in increase fin, fiber, column, particle or there are also material matings etc. The liquid and gas for only forming refrigerant come into contact in a large area a part of conversion (evaporation is converted with condensation) example, specifically match Close formed large area refrigerant liquid, gas separation contact method, the distribution current method of specific refrigerant liquid and gas, The method etc. that the current method of phase heat-exchange fluid, heat transmitting make refrigerant keep temperature in evaporation and condensation can be according to need It wants and takes any material, shape, structure and method, refrigerant is made to have bigger area evaporation, condensation in designated volume, and Make the lesser temperature difference between each surface refrigerant and phase heat-exchange fluid when having refrigerant with other fluid isolation heat exchange and makes Refrigerant is continued to be evaporated with higher temperature, be condensed with lower temperature, so that it may because reducing pressure completion evaporation and coagulating The thermal energy of knot and the power consumption for reducing compressor.

Refrigerant, can be to phase heat exchange fluid in pipeline or container inside and outside being isolated in heat exchange with phase heat exchanger fluid Body uses the cooperation such as series, parallel, and the flow of liquid, flowing velocity is made to meet the requirement of heat exchange.When liquid is through pervaporation When the temperature difference after device or condenser is larger and there is the flowing of a plurality of liquid in heat exchanger section, the counter current flow of fluidic compartment can be made It is dynamic, it is the liquid opposite direction flowing as made adjacent channel when the liquid of this pipeline is flowed to certain direction；As in Fig. 4 identical Package fin adjacent channel (56) in liquid flow direction it is opposite when, as this pipeline liquid temperature at one end compared with Temperature high then that adjacent channel liquid is in this one end is lower, higher and lower temperature liquid simultaneously transferring heat energy arrive between wing Piece, then the refrigerant of fin can be easier to evaporate or condense.

The present invention is the liquid gas distribution area by increasing refrigerant, and the heat transmitting respectively cooperated and liquid refrigerant The balance of flowing and each surface.Refrigerant is made of liquids and gases (steam), and the flowing of gas refrigerant to evaporation or is coagulated Knot also has a small amount of influence, and in allotment area, there is suitable gas flow channel on each surface, and increase of the present invention is very big Evaporation, condensation area when, if be merely compressor evaporator extract out and condenser compression, may each surface Changes in vapor concentration is seldom, results in the need for being further added by pressure evaporating, condensation, it is possible to be arranged in evaporator and condenser and close Suitable subregion increases gas in the amount of flow on each surface, can also increase gas refrigerant recycle stream in condenser, evaporator Dynamic pump makes gas refrigerant have properly circulating for gas on each surface, generally makes to recycle in heat exchanger in gas The pump consumption power of flowing is less, is that such as very thin fin in possible each minimum unit surface, the fiber of very little or column are held The power that is hit is weaker, so to set the flowing of gas, the vapour concentration on each surface is made to change and adapt to the intensity on each surface, The gas exchanges for lacking concentration such as evaporator make to be compressed highly concentrated gas to each surface, condenser flow to each surface；And Liquid refrigerant can just distribute bigger evaporation, condensation area, be also required in evaporator by liquid when each surface is thinner Refrigerant is assigned to each surface, and condenser is then to collect liquid from each surface, so requiring the control to liquid refrigerant System.The purpose of the present invention is the large area evaporations with lower negative pressure power to replace the explosive vaporization of present boiling, with small normal pressure Large area condensing vapour replace existing high pressure small area and small size to condense, make identical evaporation, condensation number either It says that identical refrigerated medium heat is completed with small pressure, is that the power consumption of compressor is: pressure × flow, the flow of refrigerant When equal, but pressure of the invention significantly can reduce pressure according to increased area and power can be dramatically reduced and disappear Consumption.

The present invention is to reduce power consumption by increasing the liquid gas distribution area of refrigerant, can make the application of 3 aspects Scheme:It is only evaporator or condenser, the inside does not have a heat exchanger, only the evaporation of liquid or steam condensation and from outer Face enters the flowing of gas, and the temperature after exporting gas directly is reduced or increased；It is only evaporator or condenser, it is inner There is heat exchanger in face, exports after the other fluid isolation heat exchange of the thermal energy of the evaporation of liquid or steam condensation in heat exchanger；It is that refrigerating and heating device has evaporator and condenser (certainly also just like compressor, capillary etc., since this technology is not related to this A little components, so not describing), be evaporator absorb thermal energy and condenser release thermal energy conversion cooperation after, after respective heat exchange Export high/low temperature thermal energy.

Application scheme 1 is that only evaporator or condenser, the inside do not have heat exchanger, the only evaporation or condensation of liquid Enter the flowing of gas from the outside, the temperature after exporting gas is reduced or increased.When only freezing, evaporator (1) has Air inlet (10), but air inlet (10) section is small or plays the role of choked flow, is assigned to each surface there are also liquid (2) in evaporator, pumps (3) when power does work, suitable negative pressure force value is had according to refrigerating capacity in evaporator, extracts the gas entered from air inlet (10) out Gas with each surface liquid inside evaporator by negative pressure evaporation, when liquid evaporation, which absorbs thermal energy, reduces temperature, and evaporate Gas with the air mixed flow entered from (10) mutually transmit by heat, and such air also reduces temperature, and reduced temperature is by air inlet (10), pump (3) is determined or is adjusted, be adjust air inlet (10) reduce air when entering gas phase under the ratio of boil-off gas Drop, increasing pump (3) extraction when negative pressure reductions can reduce evaporation capacity increase by output gas temperature, after reduction temperature Air and gas through (4) be delivered directly to needed for reduce temperature or absorb thermal energy space (6).

When the temperature of the air and boil-off gas that are exported from (4) as low as to a certain degree when, be that output temperature is lower, air Ratio reduce and the contained ratio of boil-off gas increase and extraction gas can from the pressure increase that negative pressure becomes normal pressure When boil-off gas can occur and condense into liquid, enter gas to reduce the thermal energy discharged when steam condensation is liquid, it can be with Separation liquid device is added in output (4), the thermal energy for generating liquid when carrying more condensations comparatively fast separates.If Fig. 5 is separation Liquid device.(61,62,63,64,66,67) be it is a kind of, (65,68,69,70,71,72) are another separation liquid devices.

It is circular helical flow path (67) inside inside radius in former separator (64), helical flow path (67) Diameter is porous (61) outward, and such as shown in (63), the diameter of (61) is to absorb liquid level (62) outward in the face of (61).It is the defeated of (4) When out in gas containing the steam for condensing into liquid, connect into helical flow path (67), the flowing generation centrifugal force of spiral makes close It spends big steam to flow to poroid layer (61,63) to large radius, steam blinding flows out into capillary suction through hole (61) at liquid Liquid level (62), the higher and liquid in pressure ratio outside in runner (67) are made downward liquid flow by gravity, It discharges.Poroid layer (61) preferably has preferable heat-blocking action (thermal conductivity is low), and gas is condensed into liquid and generates thermal energy, and Most thermal energy is there are in liquid, making liquid be separated (such as separator is connected to 3 outlet) quickly, and is separated to The liquid feed of capillary suction liquid level (62) reduces the helical flow path (67) that thermal energy is passed back to gas flowing, but liquid carries Thermal energy is discharged from (66), can also have a small amount of gas as liquid discharges.

Another separator is that the gas (4) containing steam flows from the top down from separator top (65) entrance in Fig. 5 It is dynamic, filter layer (69,71) are entered with bigger area, it is high outside the pressure ratio of gas when filter layer (69,71) are flowed Some and liquid is made downward liquid flow by gravity, and liquid separates with gas in top (69) and flows down to lower part (71) it is discharged again from (72)；The quality of gas is small and the liquid of lower part has sealing function, makes gas from the upper surface of (69) Parts transversely flow to the runner (70) of outside, then the space (6) of temperature or thermal energy is adjusted needed for being output to from (68).Filter layer (69,71) can be as spongy or fibrous, but structure should make liquid be easy to flow downward, such as liquid relatively collecting in strand Middle capillary flows downward, and gas be easy lateral flow and reduce with liquid carry out heat exchange, such as can lateral flow hole cut Face is larger.

If (1) being condenser, (10) are to adjust outlet, and pumping (3) is that compressed gas and steam enter condenser (1) shape At certain normal pressure, the steam of entrance condenses release thermal energy, the condensation process of steam and liquid and gas after condensation by compression Body carries out the temperature output that heat exchange improves gas.The temperature of output gas is also to be adjusted by outlet (10), pump (3), is to subtract The ratio that the flow of small outlet (10), the compression of increasing pump (3), increase steam phase enter pump (3) for gas can increase The temperature of output gas.In this scheme, it is desirable that the gas vapor in condenser (1) is saturation just condensation release heat Can, so, the ratio into gas and steam before pump (3) is to influence the principal element of power consumption, the gas into before pump (3) Body and steam be steam when saturated, the surface area in condenser (1) is very big, pump 3 and outlet (10) make to have in condenser it is smaller Normal pressure can condense release thermal energy, if the vapour concentration for entering pump (3) is smaller, need to pump (3) and outlet (10) Keep the temperature that the pressure in condenser is higher, the gas of output can be promoted smaller.So this programme be suitble to include air gas The concentration containing steam itself is high or in addition increases steam.(16) be liquid absorption thermal energy evaporation steam generator, such as the north When heat supply in winter, steam is generated with the heating such as such as electricity, coal, argol, so that steam and air is pumped (3) together and is compressed to condenser (1) in, steam condensation discharges thermal energy into air, and raising temperature heats from outlet (10) output after air absorbs thermal energy.

When the shortcomings that scheme 1 is if it is room conditioning, there is air to enter from air inlet (10), needs well except dustiness Device, or also to there is fiber or capillary etc. in heat exchanger (1) to separate the large area liquid gas of liquid evaporation or steam condensation The material on surface can take out the setting of cleaning or replacement, be water or aqueous solution as liquid evaporation pair due to being the evaporation of water The Effect of Materials that taking-up forms big liquid gas separating area is little.Generally have some dustiness, if do not influence liquid distribution and With the contact area of gas, evaporative cooling is not just influenced.And the pressure of evaporator and condenser it is smaller, there is air to exist again The inside flowing, so the requirement to sealing intensity is smaller, inherently air, which is directly mixed with liquid, steam, carries out flowing and heat The heat exchanger of exchange.Since the heat transmitting not to material requires, and it is general such as by many small fibers with appropriate clearance knot It closes or as the size apertures material thermal conductivity of sponge, particle is smaller but cost is very low and is easy to get.So to material Cleaning or replacement influence also little.

Application scheme 2: being to be combined with heat exchanger (15) in evaporator or condenser (1), but not in inlet, outlet (10), And being comparable in the evaporator or condenser of present such as air-conditioning, refrigerator is that refrigerant and other fluid isolation carry out hot friendship It changing, pump (3) is persistently extracted out out of evaporator (1) or compressed vapour, and so that interior liquid evaporation cooling or steam condensation is heated up, and heat friendship Pass through the heat transmitting and cooling or heating with each surfacing inside fluid isolation and evaporator or condenser in parallel operation (15) Liquid and steam carry out heat exchange, then the space (6) of temperature or thermal energy is adjusted needed for being transported to, if being heat exchange as needed Be in device (15) gas directly input when space (6) or heat exchanger (15) they are liquid and be adjusted by heat exchanger (7) it is empty Between (6) temperature or thermal energy.

When heating as scheme 1, condenser (1) compression liquid after steam increases, if steam is from absorption thermal energy Evaporator (16) conveying come, can by liquid from condenser (1) connection be delivered back into (16) reabsorb thermal energy evaporation conveying Steam is to (1)；If the steam into condenser (1) can be discharged outward from outside etc..

From the steam that pump (3) are extracted out or there are also being usually that temperature is lower in steam when refrigeration, can according to need outward It discharges, be connected to and need to adjust the space (6) of temperature or thermal energy, to heat exchanger (12).When not needing steam such as space (6), It can choose outside discharge；As when space (6) are insensitive to steam or need steam, the steam (5) of extraction can be connected to Space (6)；When if necessary to withdrawal liquid or partial heat energy, extraction steam (5) can be connected to heat exchanger (12).

When that will extract steam (5) out and be connected to heat exchanger (12), heat exchanger (12) has outlet (11) and outside atmosphere The state for making heat exchanger (12) keep atmospheric pressure substantially is communicated, the steam of pump (3) extraction is handed over from (5) into the heat for collecting liquid The pressure increase condensation of steam when being restored to normal pressure when parallel operation (12).Heat exchanger (12) is that also external water source or air carry out Heat exchange discharges the thermal energy absorbed from steam condensation, so that the steam into (12) is maintained at certain temperature and continues to condense.And it steams The liquid that vapour condenses into connects back to evaporator (1) interior re-evaporation after being reduced to certain temperature.Steam in heat exchanger (12) The temperature that condensable area is bigger, keeps is lower, and recuperable amount of liquid just increases.

In this scheme, the problem of there is also liquid distribution areas in evaporator (1), be close with above-mentioned scheme Equally, have bigger liquid distribution area more preferable, but also require liquid large area distribution while, need thermal energy in time with Fluid in heat exchanger (15) carries out heat exchange, is that heat exchanger (15) will be in time and in lasting and heat exchanger (1) Liquid carries out heat exchange, keeps the liquid in suitable temperature and is not cured or temperature is excessively high, and certain this mainly needs to pump (3) with the synthesis of heat exchanger (15) be transported away thermal energy.

Due to heat exchanger (1) do not have inlet, outlet (10) when be it is closed, pump (3) acting when be continue extraction liquid The process or continued compression steam evaporated are the process of liquid, and the amount of the liquid (14) in heat exchanger (1) can persistently subtract It is small or increase, but need to keep certain amount of liquid in heat exchanger, can just keep distribution area, so requiring supplementation with or defeated It is inner can directly to add to heat exchanger (1) if it is pure liquid for liquid out.If it is as air-conditioning, liquid (14) one As be water, aqueous solution or such as alcohol other in an atmosphere room temperature be liquid state；According to vapour concentration, the unit of evaporation Absorb thermal energy, can distributivity or incrustation etc. determine.Be conducive to evaporation when relatively thin can such as be distributed in bigger surface and heat passes It passs.

Application scheme 3: being to by compressor, evaporator, condenser and capillary being originally the heat exchange series constituted substantially System, that is, it is identical as the compression such as air-conditioning, refrigerator of cooling and warming used now, it is acting and the capillary of compressor Choked flow makes the evaporation of evaporator continuous negative pressure power absorb the cyclic process of thermal energy and condenser continuous high-pressure power condensation release thermal energy. Increase such as very big surface area of fin, fiber unlike comparison now in evaporator and condenser, makes refrigerant can It, can be in evaporator when the cooling and warming of certain temperature to absorb thermal energy, condensation release thermal energy in very big surface evaporation Be not the state of boiling small pressure make liquid with the few evaporation capacity of per unit × big can disengagement area=setting evaporation capacity With absorption thermal energy；Steam can be made with the condensable area of the few condensation number of per unit × big with small pressure within the condenser The steam condensation amount and release thermal energy of=setting；And set evaporation capacity, condensation number are exactly the flow of compressor, compressor Power consumption be=pressure × flow, this programme compares existing high pressure condensation and the pressure of explosive evaporation is few more, from And it can significantly reduce the power consumption of compressor.In terms of refrigerant, if selection refrigerant when not doing work and Contained steam is more between the evaporator temperature of acting and the temperature of condenser, and steam of the identical pressure on each surface is got over It is more, should easier evaporation, condensation, so that compressor is applied the liquid evaporation that each surface of lesser pressure can have more amount Steam or steam condensation are liquid, can reduce power consumption.Certainly it should be noted that the small pressure of compressor application can be complete At the refrigerated medium heat of specific temperature, to the selection of type of compressor wider such as centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump, while flow plug Cross-sectional flow area, which will also increase just, can complete comparable refrigerant amount of flow.

It is that heat exchanger evaporation needs the thermal energy absorbed, condenses the thermal energy for needing to discharge in the application scheme 2,3 All be by heat exchanger and other fluid isolation heat exchange, then from this other fluid by thermal energy be transported to required place or to Outer release thermal energy, thus it is each evaporate, the thermal energy on the surface of condensation will be transmitted to refrigerant and other fluid in time that pipeline is isolated Wall and other fluid carry out heat exchange, are to have had to the material isolation duct wall from evaporating, condense each surface Heat transfer capacity can just make each evaporation, condensation surface that certain temperature be kept to continue evaporation, condensation；Refrigerant is steam and liquid The conversion of body, so the flow of steam is less, the material for forming each surface can be very thin, very little smaller intensity such as and require, Steam preferably is circulated in right amount in heat exchanger using pump, changes the vapour concentration on each surface.And in application scheme 1 That gas and steam flow jointly in evaporator or condenser (1), gas can directly in (1) steam and liquid carry out Heat exchange is contacted, so the material for forming each surface area can be the very low material of any thermal conductivity, mainly forms liquid gas point It is big from area；The common flowing of gas and steam keeps gas flow in heat exchanger (1) and flow velocity all larger, evaporation and condensation Speed accelerated, but the material for forming each surface will also be reinforced withstanding forces.

It is that the poroid flowing of liquid capillary or small diffusion into the surface flowing with gas in large, medium and small cooperation connects in Fig. 2 The heat exchanger combined is touched, is that liquid distribution is flowed again on the surface (diffusion into the surface infiltration) of many small areas or small pore It is assigned to each small surface (capillary diffusion infiltration), but the liquid of these small areas keeps contacting with the gas of flow of pore again, it can To increase the contact area of liquid and gas within a certain volume, to accelerate evaporation endothermic or condensation release thermal energy.(26) It is the gas that liquid distribution keeps again and flows in the liquid of the surface of many small areas or the flowing of small pore but these small areas Very well (or there are also the effects of gravity), or there are also other effects, the water capacity is changed places along vertical for body contact, such as hydrophily of small fiber Small fiber (or such as filiform) is diffused into full surface from the top down, when have much have certain curvature, diffusion into the surface have moisture When small fiber is superimposed, at this moment gas can be in the contact with moisture of each small interfibrous interstitial flow and small fiber surface；If small The hydrophily of fiber is not very well, but not arrange when tearing open, and Duo Gen little fiber is combined together into one and forms capillarity, and water just holds Easily in the capillary flow of combination, when have much have certain curvature, capillary diffusion there is the shallow bid fiber of moisture to be superimposed when, at this moment gas Body can be in the contact with moisture of interstitial flow and small fiber stock between each small fiber stock；It can also be wanted as spongy, but in sponge It there is large and small hole, makes liquid small hole capillary diffusion flowing (such as 32) while gas again can be in larger cross-sections Flow of pore (such as 22,31), wherein (31) are the small gas flow aperture gaps in (26), (31) are not form liquid buildup stifled When plug preferably there are many in smaller hole and part, big apertures so that each smaller hole is maintained suitable gas It flows, smaller closeer acquired total liquid gas point is segmented to obtain in hole (31) cooperation of (32) of liquid flowing and minimum gas flowing It is bigger from area.(22) be from (26) fine pore (31) and bigger hole (such as 24,33) in flowing be from (24 or 33) (31) distributed in gas to (26) are either pooled to big (24 or 33) from the small gas flow aperture gap in (26) In, (31) are the gas holes that the main many small liquid surfaces in (26) of gas contact, and (22,24,33) are main It is to concentrate gas flowing；The hole (23) in slightly smaller section can also be redistributed out in big section hole (22,24,33)；This Sample makes each fine pore (31) have suitable gas to flow when being expanded to certain volume, just there is the liquid and gas phase of very large area (26) of contact.If hole (31) is gas can be made to flow and the small bore that contacts with liquid, that is, (26) are combined with again The gas flow aperture (24,33) and liquid that section is gradually increased also have (stream) pipeline of larger cross-section etc. to distribute all places Capillary or when small surface flow, so that it may be combined into a heat exchanger.Such as the evaporator in scheme 1, it is assumed that extraction Pump is mounted on top, and air inlet (10) is mounted on lower part, and gas enters the big section hole (33) of lower part from (10), disperses from (33) Big section hole (24) outflow for focusing on top again to the small bore hole (31) of (26), is extracted out by the pump (3) on top；And liquid It flows into and distributes from top, hole, pipeline or runner etc. can be distributed in the inside of (26), also be distributed when liquid flows from the top to the bottom To all small fiber surfaces or capillary flow hole (32) surface, the gas bleeding for pumping (3) is flowing flowing gas everywhere When dynamic, the surface of the main many (32) in the flowing of liquid subsection of refrigerant and gas are formed in many fine pores (31) and are steamed Hair or condensation.Liquid is distributed thinner, segments smaller in (32), and at this moment liquid is not when hydrops blocks, then gas flow aperture gap It (31) can also segment smaller, obtained area is also bigger within a certain volume.Certainly also to consider the table of liquid Face tension and the thermal energy relationship that evaporation absorption or condensation release occurs.

If as the evaporator (1) in scheme 1, the thermal conductivity not required on material, mainly consideration liquid gas The incrementss of separating area and the amount of flow of gas.If needed as application scheme 2,3 as main evaporation, condensation (26) in heat exchanger (25) are added, heat exchanger (25) carries out hot friendship with the refrigerant thermal energy in other fluid and (26) After changing, thermal energy is transported to required place, this requirement forms (32) each surface and the heat exchanger of (26) of big liquid gas parting surface (25) have good thermally conductive power between, make each surface evaporation, condensation thermal energy in time in addition flowing into heat exchanger (25) Row heat exchange.It is required that (26) are that the good material of thermal conductivity or part thermal conductivity are good weak with thermal conductivity when material has heat transfer demands But the material that big liquid gas separating area can be formed in certain volume combines, and thermally conductive good material is by the warm on each small surface Heat exchanger (25) can be transmitted to.

If in scheme 2 evaporator or condenser and scheme 3 in evaporator and condenser to obtain smaller pressure Power obtains the power of smaller compressor it is necessary to the refrigerant liquid gas separating area bigger in evaporator, condenser increase, because Gas carries out volume required when heat exchange also very greatly, exists so to obtain bigger liquid gas separating area and be typically chosen refrigerant Evaporator, the more volume evaporation in condenser, condensation are accounted for, and the liquid of phase heat exchange occupies small volume, this phase heat exchange Liquid is usually to circulate conveying thermal energy, pump power very little, pressure very little needed for liquid circulation flowing, if conveying heat Can low pressure pipeline in liquid pressure greatly substantially from liquid connection when it is upper and lower between drop cause greatly.In Fig. 7, It assumes that as refrigerator, evaporator (94), condenser (91) and compressor or capillary etc. have each component of refrigerant all to pacify One is formed in shell (90), and is connected in required thermal energy space (87) with Low-pressure fluid lines (93) connection or branch Heat exchanger (88), the liquid in (93) (circulating defeated between the heat exchanger (88) in evaporator (94) and space Send thermal energy；And condenser (91) connect formation circulation, heat exchange with the heat exchanger (92) of outside with Low-pressure fluid lines (96) Device (92) is connected by liquid the thermal energy of condenser (91) being discharged into outside.Assuming that when changing into heating, in pipeline (93) Liquid circulation flowing connection or branch's conveying improve the thermal energy of temperature to the heat exchanger (88) in space (87), and pipeline (96) It is then the higher temperature thermal energy in the heat exchanger (92) for circulate connection outside to evaporator (91), the heat exchanger of outside (92) air that can be solar thermal collector, heater and outside carries out heat exchange etc..Such whole low pressure liquid Pipeline connection, can will be in the heat exchanger (92) of outside, the refrigerating and heating systems (90) for the elevated pressures for having refrigerant, space Heat exchanger (88) fission be assembled into independent heat exchanger, in factory complete (92), (90), (88) each self-heating hand over Parallel operation, can in (90) canned refrigerant, arrive user installation when, generally it is convenient to select the connection to each automatic heat-exchanger Method, as space (interior) heat exchanger (88) can be connected to any position or multiple positions such as water pipe；Such as cooling and warming Device (90) not the sound of air fan when be it is very mute, anywhere can choose installation includes indoor such as roof portion Be not take up moving position；Refrigerant and liquid in condenser (91) and evaporator (89) carry out volume shared when heat exchange Also very little, so the overall volume of (90) is also little, such as present air-conditioner outdoor unit is main occupy volume be and outside is empty The fin of gas progress heat exchange.If the heat exchanger (92) of outside also can connect anywhere, can also connect when such as freezing Be connected to come water heat exchanger condenser power consumption get back hot water use, as heating can connect solar heat collector, heater Equal heat sources, also may be coupled to noise not influences such as indoor position or is conducive to the position of installation.It is to heat exchanger (92), the respective seperated assembly of (88) and refrigerating and heating device (90), which reconnects, is easy low cost installation, and it is each to can be convenient connection Kind heat energy.(95) connect external heat exchanger fluid pipeline and (91) in liquid refrigerant when row heat exchange, be pipe The liquid circulating conveying thermal energy in road (96) directly carries out heat exchange by the liquid of duct wall and refrigerant, liquid with The heat exchange of liquid quickly, when making (91) as evaporator refrigerant be easier to reduce energy consumption evaporation, as condenser when freeze Agent is also more easier to condense.Evaporator or condenser (91,94) and heat exchanger (88,92) are all to carry out hot friendship with liquid It changes, the heat-exchange capacity of liquid is very strong and the amount of portable thermal energy is big, and the temperature of liquid is made to be easy for can be close to In the liquid in the temperature and pipeline of evaporator or condenser (91,94) and heat exchanger (88,92) inner duct wall be to fill Full state, can equably, soon with the various material transferring heat energies including fin in (91,94,88,92), make to make Cryogen is easier to evaporate and condensation, and allow refrigerant with the bigger temperature difference and the fluid of heat exchanger (88,92) outside into Row heat exchange.The heat exchanger (88,92) of indoor and outdoors is because be to carry out heat with the low pressure liquid of conveying thermal energy when such as air-conditioning Exchange, the heat transfer capacity of liquid is strong, can quickly and very Transmit evenly thermal energy to fin, this can quickly with air or water source Carry out heat exchange, at the same heat exchanger material requirements and cost it is relatively low, as pipeline can with stainless steel or other with respect to liquid The stable lower cost materials of body chemical property.

The present invention by increase refrigerant liquid gas separating area with small pressure come cooling and warming, liquid gas separating area is got over Pressure needed for big is smaller, and the power for consuming compressor is also just smaller, but volume should reduce and be more in designated volume Inside as far as possible increase liquid refrigerant can distribution area be in contact with gas, if with increase volume be it is main when there is a possibility that thermal energy Cannot concentrate and prevent temperature from reducing or be increased to desirable value, that is, big liquid gas separating area the more concentrates the more easy drop Low or raising temperature.The present invention is when central type drags multiple heat exchangers to be output to the cooling and warming in multiple spaces or position, very Be conducive to reduce power consumption；General center refrigerating and heating device drags not to be switched on all often when multiple outputs, and center refrigeration Heat-producing machine refrigerated medium thermal design total when being by this multiple output, area is bigger, the refrigerant liquid in main refrigerant heat-producing machine Gas separating area, which has in certain small size, to be concentrated, so only booting 1-2 sometimes such as in multiple when be also entirely to freeze Heat-producing machine carrys out cooling and warming, i.e., and with the evaporation of the liquid and gas of the very big refrigerant of the former gross area, condensation, is conducive to subtract The power consumption of compressor is done work and reduced to small pressure.