阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于低海拔地区的藜麦育苗移栽方法 (Quinoa seedling raising and transplanting method suitable for low-altitude areas ) 是由 胡积送 朱加保 王红娟 杨冠宇 江本利 於春 闫晓明 路献勇 储甲松 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种适用于低海拔地区的藜麦育苗移栽方法,包括以下步骤：步骤1、将藜麦种子植入葱蒜茬沙壤土、细河沙、腐熟的菜籽饼、火粪土构成的营养土中进行育苗,待出苗至藜麦苗长出5-6片真叶时育苗结束；步骤2、将步骤1得到的藜麦苗连同营养土整体起苗后,栽入至大棚内田地中。本发明采用营养土育苗,可以节约育苗用地,提高种子出苗率和成苗率,从而节省种子90%,降低用种成本。(The invention discloses a quinoa seedling raising and transplanting method suitable for low-altitude areas, which comprises the following steps: step 1, planting chenopodium quinoa seeds into nutrient soil consisting of allium fistulosum and garlic stubble sandy loam, fine river sand, decomposed rapeseed cakes and fire dung soil for seedling raising, and ending the seedling raising when 5-6 true leaves grow out of the chenopodium quinoa seedlings; and 2, integrally raising the quinoa seedlings obtained in the step 1 together with the nutrient soil, and planting the quinoa seedlings into a field in a greenhouse. The invention adopts nutrient soil to raise seedlings, can save the land for raising seedlings, and improve the rate of emergence and the rate of seedling of seeds, thereby saving 90 percent of seeds and reducing the seed cost.)

1. A quinoa seedling raising and transplanting method suitable for low-altitude areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, seedling culture:

the quinoa seeds are planted in nutrient soil for seedling culture, and the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by volume:

4-6 parts of shallot and garlic stubble sandy loam;

0.5-1.5 parts of fine river sand;

1.5-2.5 parts of decomposed rapeseed cakes;

1-3 parts of fireclay soil;

supplementing water to the nutrient soil according to soil moisture and seedling conditions in the seedling raising process, and ending seedling raising when 5-6 true leaves grow out from chenopodium quinoa seedlings;

step 2, lifting and transplanting seedlings:

and (3) integrally raising the quinoa seedlings obtained in the step (1) together with the nutrient soil, and planting the quinoa seedlings into a field in a greenhouse.

2. The quinoa seedling and transplanting method suitable for low-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by volume:

5 parts of shallot and garlic stubble sandy loam;

1 part of fine river sand;

2 parts of decomposed rapeseed cakes;

2 parts of fireclay.

3. The quinoa seedling and transplanting method suitable for low-altitude areas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the nutrient soil in step 1, the scallion and garlic stubble sandy loam is selected from a core soil layer sandy loam of 10-15cm, the four materials are fully dried in the sun, crushed, uniformly mixed and sieved by a sieve with 3-5 meshes.

4. The method for raising seedlings and transplanting chenopodium quinoa linn seeds of claim 1, wherein the raising of seedlings in step 1 is carried out by loading nutrient soil into a seedling raising tray, planting chenopodium quinoa linn seeds into the nutrient soil with 2 seeds per hole, and ensuring that the nutrient soil covers 0.5-1cm of the surface of the chenopodium quinoa linn seeds when the chenopodium quinoa linn seeds are planted.

5. The quinoa seedling and transplanting method suitable for low-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, chemical fertilizer, pesticide and bactericide are added to the nutrient soil and sufficiently and uniformly mixed, the chemical fertilizer is mixed fertilizer of urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride and ternary compound fertilizer, the bactericide is carbendazim wettable powder, the pesticide is zinc sulfur phosphorus missible oil, and the dosage is as follows: every cubic meter of nutrient soil is added with 0.4-0.6g of urea, 1.3-1.7g of calcium superphosphate, 0.4-0.6g of potassium chloride, 1.4-1.6g of ternary compound fertilizer, 28-32g of carbendazim wettable powder and 1.5-2.5g of zinc sulfur phosphorus emulsifiable concentrate.

6. The quinoa seedling and transplanting method suitable for low-altitude areas according to claim 5, characterized in that the dosage is as follows: every cubic meter of nutrient soil is added with 0.5g of urea, 1.5g of calcium superphosphate, 0.5g of potassium chloride, 1.5g of ternary compound fertilizer, 30g of carbendazim wettable powder and 2g of zinc sulfur and phosphorus missible oil.

7. The chenopodium quinoa seedling transplanting method suitable for low-altitude areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, final singling is carried out when seedling emergence occurs until 2 true leaves grow out from chenopodium quinoa seedling, weak seedling is removed during final singling and only strong seedling is reserved, and then seedling emergence is continued until 5-6 true leaves grow out from chenopodium quinoa seedling, and seedling culture is finished.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of quinoa planting methods, in particular to a quinoa seedling raising and transplanting method suitable for low-altitude areas.

Background

Chenopodium quinoa is an annual herbaceous plant of Chenopodium in Amaranthaceae, is originally produced in the Andes mountain area in south America, has more than 7000 years of eating and planting history in the local area, and Chenopodium quinoa seeds are only a single crop which can meet the basic nutritional requirements of human bodies, and the excellent protein quality, rich and comprehensive mineral substances and vitamins of the Chenopodium quinoa make the Chenopodium quinoa gradually become novel functional food at home and abroad, so that the Chenopodium quinoa is highly concerned by researchers and favored by consumers, and has large market demand.

Due to the fact that China is different from the geographical environment of south America, the quinoa has many problems in planting in China.

The chenopodium quinoa seeds are generally 3-4 g in thousand grain weight, small in seeds, weak in soil breaking capacity and extremely weak in stress resistance, but because soil humidity is high in China, the rate of emergence and the rate of seedling formation of the chenopodium quinoa are low in naked ground direct seeding under domestic natural climate conditions, the phenomenon of serious seedling shortage and ridge breaking can be caused, and the yield is greatly reduced. In the prior art, in the process of planting chenopodium quinoa willd, in order to ensure enough basic seedling number, a method of increasing seed consumption is mostly adopted, the seed consumption per mu is more than 350 g, the problems of large seed consumption and high production cost of chenopodium quinoa willd exist, and the field planting density of chenopodium quinoa willd cannot be ensured if a large amount of chenopodium quinoa willd is not planted.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a quinoa seedling raising and transplanting method suitable for low-altitude areas, which aims to solve the problem that the seed consumption needs to be increased when quinoa is planted in China in the prior art, overcome the problems of seedling shortage and ridge breaking of a field and further ensure the whole field seedlings.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a quinoa seedling raising and transplanting method suitable for low-altitude areas comprises the following steps:

step 1, seedling culture:

the quinoa seeds are planted in nutrient soil for seedling culture, and the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by volume:

4-6 parts of shallot and garlic stubble sandy loam;

0.5-1.5 parts of fine river sand;

1.5-2.5 parts of decomposed rapeseed cakes;

1-3 parts of fireclay soil;

supplementing water to the nutrient soil according to soil moisture and seedling conditions in the seedling raising process, and ending seedling raising when 5-6 true leaves grow out from chenopodium quinoa seedlings;

step 2, lifting and transplanting seedlings:

and (3) integrally raising the quinoa seedlings obtained in the step (1) together with the nutrient soil, and planting the quinoa seedlings into a field in a greenhouse.

Further, in the step 1, the components and the volume parts of the nutrient soil are as follows:

5 parts of shallot and garlic stubble sandy loam;

1 part of fine river sand;

2 parts of decomposed rapeseed cakes;

2 parts of fireclay.

Further, in the nutrient soil in the step 1, the sandy loam of the onion and the garlic stubble is selected from sandy loam of a core soil layer of 10-15cm, and the four materials are fully dried in the sun, crushed, uniformly stirred and sieved by a sieve with 3-5 meshes.

Further, when seedling raising is carried out in the step 1, firstly, the nutrient soil is filled into a seedling raising tray, then quinoa wheat seedling seeds are planted into the nutrient soil in a mode of 2 seeds per hole, and when the quinoa wheat seedling seeds are planted, the nutrient soil is ensured to cover 0.5-1cm on the surface of the quinoa seedling.

Further, in the step 1, chemical fertilizer, pesticide and bactericide are added into the nutrient soil and fully and uniformly mixed, the chemical fertilizer is mixed fertilizer of urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride and ternary compound fertilizer, the bactericide is carbendazim wettable powder, the pesticide is zinc sulfur phosphorus missible oil, and the dosage is as follows: every cubic meter of nutrient soil is added with 0.4-0.6g of urea, 1.3-1.7g of calcium superphosphate, 0.4-0.6g of potassium chloride, 1.4-1.6g of ternary compound fertilizer, 28-32g of carbendazim wettable powder and 1.5-2.5g of zinc sulfur phosphorus emulsifiable concentrate.

Further, the dosage is as follows: every cubic meter of nutrient soil is added with 0.5g of urea, 1.5g of calcium superphosphate, 0.5g of potassium chloride, 1.5g of ternary compound fertilizer, 30g of carbendazim wettable powder and 2g of zinc sulfur and phosphorus missible oil.

Further, in the step 1, final singling is carried out when seedlings emerge to the extent that 2 true leaves grow out of the chenopodium quinoa seedlings, weak seedlings are removed during final singling, only strong seedlings are reserved, and then seedlings continue to emerge until 5-6 true leaves grow out of the chenopodium quinoa seedlings, and seedling raising is finished.

In the invention, the designed nutrient soil for raising the seedling of the chenopodium quinoa has the advantages of loose texture, good air permeability, sufficient nutrients, strong water and fertilizer retention, and no pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs and grass seeds. The nutrient soil is prepared by using easily available scallion and garlic stubble sandy loam, fine river sand, decomposed rapeseed cakes and fire manure soil. As the chenopodium quinoa is drought-tolerant, barren-tolerant and unfavorable for dampness, the soil for raising the seedlings of the chenopodium quinoa is preferably sandy loam without germs, worm eggs and grass seeds. The green onion and garlic stubble soil contains a large amount of garlicin and other sulfides, which are beneficial to inhibiting or killing germs in the soil, and the content of the pathogenic bacteria in the green onion and garlic stubble soil is low, so that when the seedling-raising nutrient soil is prepared, 0-10 cm of shallow surface soil containing a large amount of grass seeds of the green onion and garlic stubble is removed, only 10-15cm of core soil layer sandy soil is taken, fine river sand is doped to increase the air permeability and the water permeability of the prepared seedling-raising nutrient soil, the acidity is reduced, decomposed rapeseed cakes and fire manure soil (soil formed by stacking and burning loam, grass and pig and cattle manure in layers) are doped, then the obtained materials are fully dried in the sun, crushed and stirred, and sieved by a sieve with 3-5 meshes to obtain the nutrient soil.

In the invention, chemical fertilizer, insecticide and bactericide are added into nutrient soil during seedling raising, wherein the chemical fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer consisting of urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride and ternary compound fertilizer, the bactericide is 50% carbendazim wettable powder, and the insecticide is 50% zinc sulfur phosphate emulsifiable concentrate. Chemical fertilizer, insecticide and bactericide are fully and uniformly stirred in advance and then added into the nutrient soil during seedling raising. The prepared quinoa seedling raising nutrient soil has the advantages of uniform texture particles, no bacteria, no worm eggs, no grass seeds, proper pH value, balanced nutrients and lasting fertilizer efficiency.

In the invention, the quinoa seeds are small, the quinoa seedlings grow slowly after emergence of seedlings, and the nutrient bodies of the quinoa seedlings are small during transplantation, so that a 128-hole plastic circular hole tray is selected. And (3) filling the prepared nutrient soil into a seedling tray, wherein the nutrient soil is not easy to overfill, and spraying moisture (water is discharged from the tray) on the seedling nutrient soil in the hole tray by using a sprayer. And then sowing 2 seeds in each hole, and ensuring that the surface of the seeds is covered with fine nutrient soil with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm. And after the seeding and earthing are finished, spraying water again to ensure that the nutrient soil in the seedling raising tray is sufficient in water. During the growth period of the quinoa seedlings, attention is paid to observation, and water is sprayed in time according to the soil moisture content and the seedling content.

In the invention, when 2 true leaves grow after seedling emergence, seedling setting is carried out, weak seedlings in two seedlings are pinched off by fingers or cut off by scissors, and one healthy and strong seedling is reserved in each hole.

According to the method, when the quinoa seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, the quinoa seedlings can be lifted and transplanted, the continuous nutrient soil is pulled out of the tray during lifting, and the continuous nutrient soil is planted in a field in a greenhouse. If the soil is insufficient in water in sunny days, appropriate watering can be carried out to fix root water; if the soil moisture is sufficient in cloudy days, watering can be avoided.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the invention adopts nutrient soil to raise seedlings, can save the seedling raising land, can improve the emergence rate and the seedling rate of seeds after the seeds are subsequently transplanted to a greenhouse, and can cultivate strong seedlings, thereby saving 90 percent of the seeds, reducing the seed cost, ensuring the transplanting survival rate to reach 98 percent to 100 percent, being capable of planting for two seasons in one year, realizing the increase of the acre yield and improving the economic benefit.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A quinoa seedling raising and transplanting method comprises the following steps:

1. put up chenopodium quinoa growing seedlings canopy

And (3) building a 2m high-film heat-preservation shed, and keeping the temperature in the shed at 15-20 ℃.

2. Preparation of quinoa seedling culture nutrient soil

The method is characterized in that easily-obtained raw materials for preparing the seedling-raising nutrient soil are selected, and the raw materials comprise, by volume, 5 parts of scallion and garlic stubble sandy loam, 1 part of fine river sand, 2 parts of decomposed rapeseed cakes and 2 parts of fire dung soil. The method comprises the steps of mixing 10-15cm of core soil layer sandy loam of green onion and garlic stubble soil with fine river sand, mixing well with thoroughly decomposed rapeseed cakes and fire dung soil, fully drying in the sun, crushing, uniformly stirring, sieving by a 3-5-mesh sieve, adding 0.5kg of urea, 1.5kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.5kg of potassium chloride, 1.5kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 30g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 2kg of 50% zinc-sulfur-phosphorus emulsifiable oil into each cubic meter of seedling culture nutrient soil, fully stirring uniformly, and bagging for later use.

The prepared quinoa seedling raising nutrient soil has the advantages of uniform texture particles, no bacteria, no worm eggs, no grass seeds, proper pH value, balanced nutrients and lasting fertilizer efficiency.

3. Seedling-growing plate

A 128-hole plug is selected.

4. Tray loading

And (3) filling the prepared nutrient soil into a seedling raising tray, wherein the nutrient soil is not easy to overfill, and spraying moisture (water is discharged from the tray) into the nutrient soil in the seedling raising tray by using a sprayer.

5. Seeding

Sowing in 1 month, sowing 2 seeds in each hole, and covering the surface of the seeds with fine nutrient soil with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm.

6. Water spray

After the seeding and earthing are finished, spraying water thoroughly to ensure that the nutrient soil in the seedling raising tray is sufficient in water. During the growth period of the quinoa seedlings, attention is paid to observation, and water is sprayed in time according to the soil moisture content and the seedling content.

7. Final singling

After seedling emergence, when 2 true leaves grow, seedling is settled, weak seedlings in two seedlings are pinched off by fingers or cut off by scissors, and one healthy and strong seedling is reserved in each hole.

8. Transplanting the seedlings

When the quinoa wheat seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, the seedlings can be lifted and transplanted, the continuous nutrient soil is pulled out from the tray during lifting, and the continuous nutrient soil is planted into the field. When transplanting, if the soil moisture is insufficient in sunny days, appropriate watering can be carried out to fix root water; if the soil moisture is sufficient in cloudy days, watering can be avoided.

Embodiment 2 a quinoa seedling transplanting method, including the following steps:

1. put up chenopodium quinoa growing seedlings canopy

A2 m high seedling raising shed is built, and the room temperature is reduced to below 28 ℃ by using facilities such as a water curtain, a sunshade net and the like.

2. Preparation of nutrient soil

The method is characterized in that easily-obtained raw materials for preparing the seedling-raising nutrient soil are selected, and the raw materials comprise, by volume, 5 parts of scallion and garlic stubble sandy loam, 1 part of fine river sand, 2 parts of decomposed rapeseed cakes and 2 parts of fire dung soil. The method comprises the steps of mixing 10-15cm of core soil layer sandy loam of green onion and garlic stubble soil with fine river sand, mixing well with thoroughly decomposed rapeseed cakes and fire dung soil, fully drying in the sun, crushing, uniformly stirring, sieving by a 3-5-mesh sieve, adding 0.5kg of urea, 1.5kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.5kg of potassium chloride, 1.5kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 30g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 2kg of 50% zinc-sulfur-phosphorus emulsifiable oil into each cubic meter of seedling culture nutrient soil, fully stirring uniformly, and bagging for later use.

The prepared quinoa seedling raising nutrient soil has the advantages of uniform texture particles, no bacteria, no worm eggs, no grass seeds, proper pH value, balanced nutrients and lasting fertilizer efficiency.

3. Seedling-growing plate

A 128-hole plug is selected.

4. Tray loading

And (3) filling the prepared nutrient soil into a seedling raising tray, wherein the nutrient soil is not easy to overfill, and spraying moisture (water is discharged from the tray) into the nutrient soil in the seedling raising tray by using a sprayer.

5. Seeding

And (4) sowing 2 seeds in each hole in 8 late-month ten days, and covering the surfaces of the seeds with fine nutrient soil with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm.

6. Water spray

After the seeding and earthing are finished, spraying water thoroughly to ensure that the nutrient soil in the seedling raising tray is sufficient in water. During the growth period of the quinoa seedlings, attention is paid to observation, and water is sprayed in time according to the soil moisture content and the seedling content.

7. Final singling

After seedling emergence, when 2 true leaves grow, seedling is settled, weak seedlings in two seedlings are pinched off by fingers or cut off by scissors, and one healthy and strong seedling is reserved in each hole.

8. Transplanting the seedlings

When the quinoa wheat seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, the seedlings can be lifted and transplanted, the continuous nutrient soil is pulled out from the tray during lifting, and the continuous nutrient soil is planted into the field. If the soil is insufficient in water in sunny days, root fixing water is poured; if the soil moisture is sufficient in cloudy days, watering can be avoided.

The embodiments of the present invention are described only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not for the limitation of the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall into the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention which is claimed is fully set forth in the claims.