阅读说明：本技术 一种垃圾焚烧发电系统 (A kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system ) 是由 冯琰磊 杨召青 王恺 杨爱东 于 2019-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及火力发电系统,具体涉及一种垃圾焚烧发电系统。包括垃圾焚烧线、汽轮机和凝汽器,垃圾焚烧线得到的主蒸汽经过主管路被输送至汽轮机,汽轮机的蒸汽出口连接凝汽器的蒸汽进口,还包括旁路管路,所述垃圾焚烧线得到的主蒸汽通过所述旁路管路被输送至所述凝汽器,所述旁路管路上设置有旁路阀门组。通过设置主管路以外的旁路管路,在机组启动时或者汽轮机故障需要检修时,产生的蒸汽量可以不进入汽轮机,而是通过旁路管路被引入至凝汽器,如此无需设置旁路凝汽器,不会增加投资,布置和系统也较简单。解决了现有技术中的垃圾焚烧发电系统,旁路凝汽器仅作为故障状态的备用设备,长期不运行也容易损坏,布置和系统也比较复杂,增加了投资的技术问题。(The present invention relates to thermal power generation systems, and in particular to a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system.Including waste incineration line, steam turbine and condenser, the main steam that waste incineration line obtains is transported to steam turbine by main line, the steam inlet of the steam (vapor) outlet connection condenser of steam turbine, it further include bypass conduit, the main steam that the waste incineration line obtains is transported to the condenser by the bypass conduit, and bypass valve group is provided in the bypass conduit.Pass through the bypass conduit other than setting main line, in unit starting or when steam turbine failure needs to overhaul, the quantity of steam of generation can not enter steam turbine, but condenser is introduced by bypass conduit, so no setting is required bypasses condenser, investment is not will increase, arrangement and system are also relatively simple.Solves the technical issues of waste incineration and generating electricity system in the prior art, bypass condenser is only used as the stand-by equipment of malfunction, does not run also be easily damaged for a long time, arranges and system is also more complicated, increase investment.)

1. a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system, including waste incineration line (1), steam turbine (2) and condenser (4), which is characterized in that The main steam that the waste incineration line (1) obtains is transported to steam turbine (2) by main line (8), steam turbine (2) driving Generator (3) power generation, the steam (vapor) outlet of the steam turbine (2) connect the steam inlet of the condenser (4), further include shunt valve Road (9), the main steam that the waste incineration line (1) obtains are transported to the condenser (4) by the bypass conduit (9), Bypass valve group (5) are provided on the bypass conduit (9).

2. a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the waste incineration line (1) is One or two, the main steam that all waste incineration lines (1) obtain is transported to steam turbine (2), all rubbish by main line (8) Rubbish burns the main steam that line (1) obtains and is transported to condenser (4) by bypass conduit (9).

3. -2 described in any item a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity systems according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bypass valve Group (5) includes the bypass valve (51) and temperature-decreased pressure reducer (52) being connected in series, and the bypass valve (51) is located at the pressure and temperature reducing The upstream of device (52).

4. a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the entrance of the main line (8) End is connected to the venthole (T) of each waste incineration line, the arrival ends of each waste incineration line (1) and main line (8) it Between be provided with the first gas outlet valve (711), the inlet valve for controlling the steam turbine (2) into vapour is provided on the main line (8) (81)。

5. a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the steam turbine (2) and described It is provided between condenser (4) control valve (82), the inlet valve (81), steam turbine (2) and the control valve (82) series connection, on It is in parallel with bypass valve group (5) to state three.

6. a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the control valve (82) is plate Valve.

7. a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that bypass conduit (9) enter Mouth end is connected to the venthole (T) of each waste incineration line (1), and each waste incineration line (1) enters with bypass conduit (9) Mouth is provided with the second gas outlet valve (721) between end.

8. -2, a kind of described in any item waste incineration and generating electricity systems of 4-7 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the rubbish Burning line (1) includes boiler body (12), setting combuster (121) in the boiler body (12), waste heat boiler (122) and The bottom of heating surface (123), the combustion chamber (121) is provided with fire grate (13), and the fire grate (13) burns the height that material obtains Wet body enters waste heat boiler (122), obtains main steaming after the heating surface (123) and high-temperature gas progress heat exchange Vapour.

Technical field

The present invention relates to thermal power generation systems, and in particular to a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system.

Background technique

Waste incineration and generating electricity is a kind of effective ways for realizing daily-life garbage without environmental pollution, minimizing and recycling treatment, mesh The preceding popularization just obtained energetically.According to " China Statistical Yearbook 2018 ": China's house refuse amount of clearing reaches 2.04 hundred million within 2016 Ton, the amount of clearing in 2017 reaches 2.15 hundred million tons, and is risen year by year with the speedup of annual 4%-5%.According to live build portion 2017 Bulletin: 2.17 hundred million tons of house refuse, excrement are cleared in city in 2016, and county town whole year clears 0.71 hundred million tons of house refuse, excrement. China's waste incineration and generating electricity installation scale, generated energy rank first in the world.According to China Statistical yearbook (2018), by In the end of the year 2017, National urban is in 286, incineration treatment of garbage factory of fortune, about 8463.3 ten thousand tons of garbage treatment quantity of year.Waste incineration In national application of city life garbage processing mode proportion by by 2015 31% improve to 2020 54%.Rubbish Power generation by waste combustion project will welcome the peak of development in the recent period.Waste incineration and generating electricity will become the most important trash processing way in China.

Waste incineration and generating electricity has taken into account two kinds of functions of waste utilization and recycling treatment (generating electricity), and income also includes Waste disposal fee and sale of electricity income two parts.Since waste treatment facility stoppage in transit can bring very big influence, for rubbish It is very high to burn line reliability requirement, " consumer waste incineration processing engineering legislation " CJJ 90-2009 requires waste incineration Operational mode is continuously burned using rubbish, can be no less than 8000 using hourage in waste incineration line year；Waste incineration generates Quantity of steam scale it is relatively small, the configuration mode of waste incineration line also increases rubbish frequently with the configuration mode of two furnaces, one machine Rubbish burns the importance of the matched therrmodynamic system of line.In order to consider the system redundancy of Turbo-generator Set, work as Turbo-generator Set When failure or maintenance, it is desirable that waste incinerator remains to continuous and steady operation processing rubbish, then the excess steam generated needs another Row processing.According to " consumer waste incineration processing engineering legislation " CJJ 90-2009 requirement, when a set of Steam Turbine of setting When, turbine bypass system should be arranged by 100% rated steam inlet amount of Steam Turbine；When two sets of units of setting, turbine by-pass System preferably presses larger 120% rated steam inlet amount of a set of Steam Turbine setting.

After setting bypass, it is still necessary to the outlet for considering reject steam, since steam turbine and main condenser are connection, often Rule need in addition one bypass condenser of configuration, specialize in bypass and use.Two furnaces, one machine band bypass condenser as shown in Figure 1 System construction drawing, including two waste incineration lines 1 ', when normal power generation, the main steam that two waste incineration lines 1 ' obtain is drawn Enter main steam turbine 2 ', driven generator 3 ' generates electricity, and the steam (vapor) outlet of steam turbine 2 ' is connect with the steam inlet of main condenser 4 '； When Turbo-generator Sets Faults or maintenance, the excess steam of generation is introduced into bypass condenser 6 ', the first bypass valve 5 ' control of group bypasses the work of condenser 6 ', and setting bypass condenser will increase investment in above system, for 2X600t/d's Waste incineration line, after setting bypasses condenser, about 2,000,000 yuan of equipment investment, workshop volume increase 21600m3, and due to Bypass condenser is chronically at readiness and does not run, and the service life is relatively short and needs to be regularly maintained.

Multicomputer as shown in Figure 2 sets the system construction drawing of bypass to the main condenser of other units, including two rubbish are burnt Line 1 ' is burnt, when normal power generation, the main steam that two waste incineration lines 1 ' obtain is introduced into main steam turbine 2 ', driven generator 3 ' Power generation, the steam (vapor) outlet of steam turbine 2 ' are connect with the steam inlet of main condenser 4 '；When Turbo-generator Sets Faults or maintenance When, the excess steam of generation is introduced into the main condenser 6 " of other units, the second bypass valve group 5 " control bypass condensing Extra steam is introduced into the main condenser of other units by the work of device 6 " by bypass valve group.System has larger Limitation.According to " consumer waste incineration processing engineering legislation " CJJ-90, the complete total capacity of incinerator 2000t/d or more of factory For especially big class garbage burning factory, full factory's processing capacity is I class garbage burning factory (containing 1200t/d) between 1200~2000t/d, Full factory's processing capacity is II class garbage burning factory between 600~1200t/d；Factory's processing capacity is between 150~600t/d entirely Group III garbage burning factory.In China, more common for I class, II class and Group III incineration treatment of garbage factory, setting 1 Item or 2 waste incineration lines are able to satisfy garbage disposal requirement, and usual condenser, which is arranged one, to be met the requirements, cannot Realize the setting of bypass each other of condenser.The plan of establishment of above-mentioned two furnaces, two machine, for example 600t/d waste incineration line is used, The efficiency of Turbo-generator Set is caused due to unit small scale using steam turbine generator installation scale about 10MW when two two machines of furnace It is lower；Meanwhile the plan of establishment of two turbine generator speculative investments also above two furnaces, one machine is set.Generally, using two furnaces two Machine improves the reliability of system, but sacrifices unit efficiency and increase investment.

Two furnaces, two machine as shown in Figure 3 is bypassed to the system construction drawing of main condenser as the occasion requires, including two waste incineration lines 1 ', every waste incineration line 1 ' has respectively corresponded main steam turbine 2 ' and main steam device 4 ', when normal power generation, two waste incinerations The main steam that line 1 ' obtains is introduced into corresponding main steam turbine 2 ', and driven generator 3 ' generates electricity, and the steam of main steam turbine 2 ' goes out Mouth is connect with the steam inlet of main condenser 4 '；When one of Turbo-generator Sets Faults or maintenance when, generation it is more Remaining steam is introduced into another main steam turbine 2 ' or main condenser 4 ', the on-off of 5 " control piper of the second bypass valve group, is led to It crosses for excess steam to be delivered to and face in steam turbine or adjacent condenser, be not provided with condenser bypass, there is biggish technical risk, Meet frequently by steam discharge and shut down not blowing out operation, can also generate thermal pollution and noise pollution.Rubbish source be it is continuous, When causing the stoppage in transit of waste incineration line due to Turbo-generator Sets Faults, a large amount of rubbish will be unable to handle, and will cause larger Social influence.Meanwhile considering according to 60 yuan/t of furnace waste disposal fee is entered, the daily garbage disposal of 2X1200t/d waste incineration line Take 14.4 ten thousand yuan, since the stoppage in transit of Turbo-generator Set will cause the biggish economic loss of incineration treatment of garbage factory.

In conclusion waste incineration and generating electricity system in the prior art, requires setting bypass condenser, but bypasses Condenser is only used as starting or the stand-by equipment of malfunction, does not run also be easily damaged for a long time, arrangement and system also compare It is more complex, increase investment；And it is not provided with bypass condenser, and there is biggish technical risk.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve waste incineration and generating electricity system in the prior art, bypass condenser is only used as starting or failure The stand-by equipment of state, does not run also be easily damaged for a long time, and arrangement and system are also more complicated, and the technology for increasing investment is asked Topic, the invention proposes a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity systems, solve above-mentioned technical problem.Technical scheme is as follows:

A kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system, including waste incineration line, steam turbine and condenser, the waste incineration line obtain To main steam be transported to steam turbine by main line, the steam (vapor) outlet of the steam turbine connects the steam of the condenser Import further includes bypass conduit, and the main steam that the waste incineration line obtains is transported to described solidifying by the bypass conduit Vapour device is provided with bypass valve group in the bypass conduit.

By the bypass conduit other than setting main line, it is greater than quantity of steam required for steam turbine in the quantity of steam of generation When, extra quantity of steam can not enter steam turbine, but be introduced into condenser by bypass conduit, and so no setting is required Condenser is bypassed, not will increase investment, arrangement and system are also relatively simple.

Further, the waste incineration line is one or two, and the main steam that all waste incineration lines obtain is by master Pipeline is transported to steam turbine, and the main steam that all waste incineration lines obtain is transported to condenser by bypass conduit.

Further, the bypass valve group includes the bypass valve and temperature-decreased pressure reducer being connected in series, the bypass valve position In the upstream of the temperature-decreased pressure reducer.

Further, the arrival end of the main line is connected to the venthole of each waste incineration line, each rubbish It burns and is provided with the first gas outlet valve between line and the arrival end of main line, the control steam turbine is provided on the main line Into the inlet valve of vapour.

Further, be provided with control valve between the steam turbine and the condenser, the inlet valve, steam turbine and The control valve series connection, above-mentioned three are in parallel with the bypass valve group.

Further, the control valve is gate valve.

Further, the arrival end of the bypass conduit is connected to the venthole of each waste incineration line, each rubbish Rubbish burns and is provided with the second gas outlet valve between line and the arrival end of bypass conduit.

Further, the waste incineration line includes boiler body, and combuster, waste heat are arranged in the boiler body Boiler and heating surface, the bottom of the combustion chamber are provided with fire grate, and the fire grate burns the high-temperature gas that material obtains and enters Waste heat boiler, the heating surface carry out obtaining main steam after heat exchanges with the high-temperature gas.

Based on the above-mentioned technical proposal, the technical effect achieved by the present invention are as follows:

1. waste incineration and generating electricity system of the invention, in unit starting or steam turbine failure, by the way that bypass conduit is arranged The main steam that waste incineration line generates is directly transferred to condenser, so no setting is required bypasses condenser, not will increase throwing Money, arrangement and system are also relatively simple；The plan of establishment for a boiler one conveyer, two furnaces, one machine or one machine of more furnaces as a unit, The main condenser that bypath system is all led in the machine or this monoblock simplifies system structure without setting bypass condenser； According to primary Calculation, for common two furnaces, one machine allocation plan, the bypass of 2X600t/d waste incineration line Turbo-generator Set is solidifying Vapour device and its about 2,000,000 yuan of associated conduit equipment investment, bypass condenser causes about 1,100,000 yuan of the increase of main building volume, total to increase Add about 3,100,000 yuan of investment；

2. waste incineration and generating electricity system of the invention, by the way that bypass valve group, bypass valve group are arranged in bypass conduit Including bypass valve and steam converter valve, bypass valve can control the on-off of bypass conduit, main in the case where bypass valve is opened Steam decrease temperature and pressure under the action of steam converter valve, then into condenser；

It, can be with 3. waste incineration and generating electricity system of the invention, is arranged control valve between condenser and Turbo-generator Set Realize the physical isolation between Turbo-generator Set and condenser, steam discharge of the nominal situation condenser to handle steam turbine, In Bypass operation may be implemented in steam turbine malfunction, and to handle the steam of bypass, control valve can realize zero leakage；It is suitable for Lower exhaust turbine, is also applied for axial exhaust turbine；It may be implemented to shut down not blowing out operation, working medium can recycle.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the system construction drawing that one machine band of two-way bypasses condenser in the prior art；

Fig. 2 is the system construction drawing that multicomputer sets bypass to the main condenser of other units in the prior art；

Fig. 3 is that two furnaces, two machine is bypassed to the system construction drawing of main condenser as the occasion requires in the prior art；

Fig. 4 is the system construction drawing of waste incineration and generating electricity system of the invention；

In figure: 1- waste incineration line；11- feeding device；12- boiler body；The combustion chamber 121-；122- waste heat boiler； 123- heating surface；124- discharge gate；13- fire grate；2- steam turbine；3- generator；4- condenser；5- bypass valve group；By 51- Gate valve；52- steam converter valve；The first steam output circuit of 71-；The first gas outlet valve of 711-；The second steam output circuit of 72-； The second gas outlet valve of 721-；8- main line；81- inlet valve；82- control valve；9- bypass conduit；P is feed-water intake；It is steamed based on T Vapor outlet；1 '-waste incineration line；2 '-main steam turbines；3 '-generators；4 '-main condensers；5 '-bypass valve groups；6 '-bypasses Condenser；The main condenser of 6 "-other units.

Specific embodiment

The contents of the present invention are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.In the description of the present invention, it needs Understand, the orientation of the instructions such as term " radial direction ", " axial direction ", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" or position are closed System is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, rather than indicates Or imply that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore cannot manage Solution is limitation of the present invention.In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of " plurality " is two or two with On.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " setting ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integrally connect It connects；It can be directly connected, it can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary.For the ordinary skill in the art, may be used To understand the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention as the case may be.

As shown in figure 4, the present invention proposes a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity system, including waste incineration line 1, steam turbine 2, hair Motor 3 and condenser 4, waste incineration line 1 is for burning away the refuse, biomass etc. obtains heat, and heat carries out heating to water and obtain Take main steam, main steam is transported in steam turbine 2,2 driven generator 3 of steam turbine power generation, the steam (vapor) outlet of steam turbine 2 with The steam inlet of condenser 4 is connected to.In unit starting or steam turbine failure, the main steam that waste incineration line 1 produces passes through bypass Main steam is fed directly in condenser 4 by pipeline 9, and condenser 4 plays the role of heat exchanger.

Waste incineration line 1 can be 1 or a plurality of, and the waste incineration line 1 in the present embodiment is two, every waste incineration Line 1 burns rubbish using boiler, and waste incineration line 1 includes feeding device 11 and boiler body 12, in boiler body 12 Combuster 121 is set, the lower section of combustion chamber 121 is fire grate 13, be additionally provided in boiler body 12 waste heat boiler 122 and by Hot face 123, rubbish or biomass wait combustible substance to enter above fire grate 12 from feeding device 11, and fire grate 12 is to thereon Substance to be combusted carries out heating burning, and the high-temperature gas generated after burning enters in waste heat boiler 122, heating surface 123 and height Warm gas converting heat, internal water supply is heated to become main steam, and boiler body 12 is discharged from main-steam outlet T.Boiler body It is additionally provided on 12 and gives heating surface 123 feed-water intake P, water supply is facilitated to enter the interior of heating surface 123 inside boiler body 12 Portion.Specifically, heating surface 123 is to evaporate and overheat heating surface.

The main steam that every waste incineration line 1 obtains is exported through the first steam output circuit 71 to main line 8, all rubbish The first steam output circuit 71 that rubbish burns line 1 is connected to main line 8, and the main steam of all waste incineration lines 1 is through main line 8 It is delivered in steam turbine 2, the power generation of 2 driven generator 3 of steam turbine, the steam (vapor) outlet of steam turbine 2 and the steam inlet of condenser 4 Connection.Preferably, it is provided with the first gas outlet valve 711 on every first steam output circuit 71, controls every waste incineration line 1 main steam generated is exported through main-steam outlet T to the on-off of main line 8.Inlet valve 81, inlet valve are provided on main line 8 81 are arranged in the upstream of steam turbine 2, the on-off for entering the route of steam turbine 2 for controlling main steam.Preferably, steam turbine It is additionally provided with control valve 82 between 2 and condenser 4, it is further preferred that the control valve 82 is gate valve, is inserted by being arranged Plate valve may be implemented the physical isolation between steam turbine and condenser, steam discharge of the nominal situation condenser to handle steam turbine, Bypass operation may be implemented in steam turbine malfunction, to handle the steam of bypass.

The main steam that every waste incineration line 1 obtains is exported through the second steam output circuit 72 to bypass conduit 9, is owned Second steam output circuit 72 of waste incineration line 1 is connected to bypass conduit 9, the main steam warp that all waste incineration lines 1 obtain Bypass conduit 9 is directly output to the steam inlet of condenser 4.Preferably, it is provided on every second steam output circuit 72 Second gas outlet valve 721, the main steam that every waste incineration line 1 of control generates are exported through main-steam outlet T to bypass conduit 9 On-off.Bypass valve group 5 is provided in bypass conduit 9, bypass valve group 5 includes side door valve 51 and steam converter valve 52, side door Valve 51 controls the on-off of bypass conduit 9, and steam converter valve 52 carries out decrease temperature and pressure to high-temperature steam.It is connected in side door valve 51 In the case of, main steam first passes through side door valve 51, carries out decrease temperature and pressure using steam converter valve 52, the steam after decrease temperature and pressure It is transported to the steam inlet of condenser 4.Specifically, the arrival end with main line 8 of bypass conduit 9 is connected to, in bypass conduit 9 Bypass valve group 5 on main line 8 inlet valve 81, steam turbine 2 and control valve 82 it is in parallel.

Waste incineration and generating electricity system in the present embodiment merges main condenser and bypass condenser, and condenser is heat exchange Device, it is stable, and it is maintained at operation conditions for a long time, also it is less likely to be damaged, system is safe and reliable, and investment reduction increases rubbish The reliability of rubbish burning line safe and stable operation.

Embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned realities Mode is applied, it within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art, can also be before not departing from spirit of the invention It puts and makes a variety of changes.