阅读说明：本技术 一种预紧力指示垫圈及其使用方法 (A kind of pretightning force instruction washer and its application method ) 是由 柳思成 马艳云 王善岭 肖琪 王立俊 王川 隋会源 于 2019-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种预紧力指示垫圈,一种预紧力指示垫圈及其使用方法。本发明所述的包括上平垫圈、下平垫圈以及设置在二者之间的预紧力垫圈,所述上平垫圈、下平垫圈以及指示垫圈上均设置有通孔,所述预紧力指示垫圈安装于螺栓与夹层板或螺母与夹层板之间。(The present invention provides a kind of pretightning forces to indicate washer, a kind of pretightning force instruction washer and its application method.Of the present invention includes upper plain washer, lower plain washer and the pretightning force washer being disposed there between, through-hole is provided on the upper plain washer, lower plain washer and instruction washer, the pretightning force instruction washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate.)

1. a kind of pretightning force indicates washer, it is characterised in that: including upper plain washer, lower plain washer and be disposed there between Pretightning force washer is provided with through-hole on the upper plain washer, lower plain washer and instruction washer, and the pretightning force indicates washer It is installed between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate.

2. pretightning force according to claim 1 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the original depth H0 of the pretightning force washer Value range be 0 < H0≤L-L1-P-H2-H3, wherein L is the length of screw rod, and L1 is the thickness of sandwich plate, and P is screw rod Screw pitch, H2 are the thickness of upper plain washer, and H3 is the thickness of lower plain washer；Preferably, the original depth H0 of the pretightning force washer Value range be 2*H2≤H0≤L-L1-P-H2-H3.

3. pretightning force according to claim 2 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the upper plain washer and lower plain washer it is interior Diameter isConsistent with prefabricated installation aperture, the outer diameter of the upper plain washer and lower plain washer isIt is not small In bolt or nut support face outside diameter.

4. pretightning force according to claim 3 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the internal diameter of the pretightning force washer is put down with upper The internal diameter of washer is identical to beOriginal outer diameter is Φ B0, andPreferably B0²≤((A²-C²)H1/ H0)+C²。

5. pretightning force according to claim 2 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: when pretightning force instruction washer is installed on When between bolt and sandwich plate, the value range of the thickness H2 of the upper plain washer is the half greater than 0 and less than nut thickness, The value range of the thickness H3 of the lower plain washer is the half greater than 0 and less than nut thickness, when the pretightning force indicates to pad When circle is installed between bolt and sandwich plate, the value range of the thickness H2 of the upper plain washer is greater than 0 and to be less than bolt head Thick half, the value range of the thickness H3 of the lower plain washer are the half greater than 0 and less than bolt head thickness.

6. pretightning force according to claim 5 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the thickness of the upper plain washer and lower plain washer Spend it is identical, and the thickness of upper plain washer be not less than 1mm.

7. pretightning force according to claim 1 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the upper plain washer, lower plain washer, preload The shape of power washer is cylinder, appoints the combination of one or several in triangular prism, quadrangular, hexagonal prisms.

8. pretightning force according to claim 1 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the upper plain washer and lower plain washer it is strong Intensity of the degree higher than mating bolt, the material of nut.

9. pretightning force according to claim 1 indicates washer, it is characterised in that: the material of the pretightning force washer is alloy Steel, stainless steel, high temperature alloy, non-ferrous metal or resin；Preferably, the material of the pretightning force washer is steel alloy.

10. the application method of any pretightning force instruction washer of claim 1-9, characterized by the following steps:

(1) compression performance test is carried out to instruction washer, draws compression force-displacement curve, and determine pressure according to force request is pre-tightened It condenses and moves value range；

(2) pretightning force instruction washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate；

(3) nut on twisting bolt, and the decrement of pretightning force washer is tested in due course；

(4) stop being screwed into after the displacement of pretightning force washer reaches preset compression displacement value range and complete assembly.

Technical field

The invention belongs to fastening connection piece fields, indicate washer and its application method more particularly, to a kind of pretightning force.

Background technique

Pretightning force is to guarantee the key factor of connection structure reliability, and most common method is to survey twisting using torque wrench Torque obtains pretightning force by conversion relation between torque and pretightning force indirectly, but gained pretightning force numerical value can be by frictional force, profit The factors such as cunning, material type, surface characteristics influence, and according to statistics, numerical bias reaches ± 25%.Designing or selecting fastener When, generally require pretightning force to reach the 50% of bolt itself ultimate tensile strength, and provide twisting torque requirement based on this；Consider To the error by existing for twisting torque conversion pretightning force about ± 25%, the actual pretightning force of bolt may be as low as bolt tension The 25% of intensity, it is also possible to which height arrives the 75% of bolt tensile strength, influences assembly reliability, and interference with fastener design is selected.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of pretightning force indicates washer and its application method, to solve the prior art In converted the larger technical problem of pretightning force error by twisting torque.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:

A kind of pretightning force instruction washer, including upper plain washer, lower plain washer and the pretightning force pad being disposed there between It encloses, through-hole is provided on the upper plain washer, lower plain washer and instruction washer, the pretightning force instruction washer is installed on spiral shell Between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate.

Further, the value range of the original depth H0 of the pretightning force washer is 0 < H0≤L-L1-P-H2-H3, Middle L is the length of screw rod, and L1 is the thickness of sandwich plate, and P is the screw pitch of screw rod, and the thickness of the upper plain washer of H2, H3 is lower plain washer Thickness；Preferably, the value range of the original depth H0 of the pretightning force washer is 2*H2≤H0≤L-L1-P-H2-H3.

Further, the internal diameter of the upper plain washer and lower plain washer is It is consistent with prefabricated installation aperture, it is described The outer diameter of upper plain washer and lower plain washer is Not less than bolt or nut support face outside diameter.

Further, the internal diameter of the pretightning force washer is identical as the internal diameter of upper plain washer isOriginal outer diameter is Φ B0, andPreferably B0²≤((A²-C²)H1/H0)+C²。

Further, when pretightning force instruction washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate, the upper plain washer The value range of thickness H2 is the half greater than 0 and less than nut thickness, and the value range of the thickness H3 of the lower plain washer is Greater than 0 and be less than nut thickness half, when the pretightning force instruction washer be installed between bolt and sandwich plate when, it is described on The value range of the thickness H2 of plain washer is the half greater than 0 and less than bolt head thickness, and the thickness H3's of the lower plain washer takes Being worth range is the half greater than 0 and less than bolt head thickness.

Further, the upper plain washer is identical as the thickness of lower plain washer, and the thickness of upper plain washer is not less than 1mm.

Further, the upper plain washer, lower plain washer, pretightning force washer shape be cylinder, it is triangular prism, tetragonous Appoint the combination of one or several in column, hexagonal prisms.

Further, intensity of the intensity of the upper plain washer and lower plain washer higher than mating bolt, the material of nut.

Further, the material of the pretightning force washer is steel alloy, stainless steel, high temperature alloy, non-ferrous metal or resin； Preferably, the material of the pretightning force washer is steel alloy.

A kind of application method of above-mentioned pretightning force instruction washer includes the following steps:

(1) compression performance test is carried out to instruction washer, draws compression force-displacement curve, and true according to force request is pre-tightened Determine compression displacement value range；

(2) pretightning force instruction washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate；

(3) nut on twisting bolt, and the decrement of pretightning force washer is tested in due course；

(4) stop being screwed into after the displacement of pretightning force washer reaches preset compression displacement value range and complete assembly.

Compared with the existing technology, pretightning force instruction washer of the present invention and its application method have the advantage that

(1) for pretightning force washer of the present invention under pretightning force effect, the structure of fastening connection piece will receive axial squeeze Compressive strain, and there are certain variation relations between extrusion deformation degree and pretightning force, if selecting a certain material, compression and position There are preferable corresponding relationship between shifting, it is made into compression washer and guarantees that institute's compression chord and pretightning force are in the same direction, equivalent, then may be used To achieve the effect that detection structure pretightning force by the measurement of the compression displacement to the material washer.

(2) pretightning force instruction washer and its application method principle of the present invention are simple, processing cost is low, without sensing The complex components such as device, mounting process be not simple, high to assembly space and environmental requirement, but pre-tightens compared to traditional moment method measurement Power greatly improves measurement accuracy, error can be contracted to ± 25% using the washer and method.

Detailed description of the invention

The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram under the instruction washer normal condition of pretightning force described in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram under the instruction washer use state of pretightning force described in the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the installation diagram that pretightning force described in the embodiment of the present invention indicates washer；

Fig. 4 is the compression force-displacement curve in embodiment 1；

Fig. 5 is the compression force-displacement curve in embodiment 2；

Fig. 6 is the compression force-displacement curve in embodiment 3.

Description of symbols:

1, upper plain washer；2, lower plain washer；3, pretightning force washer；4, bolt；5, nut；6, sandwich plate.

Specific embodiment

It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase Mutually combination.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower", The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" is It is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than instruction or dark Show that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as pair Limitation of the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " etc. are used for description purposes only, it is not understood to indicate or imply phase To importance or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.The feature for defining " first ", " second " etc. as a result, can To explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, " multiple " It is meant that two or more.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase Even ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrally connected；It can To be mechanical connection, it is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, can also can be indirectly connected through an intermediary Connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood by concrete condition Concrete meaning in the present invention.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Pretightning force instruction washer of the present invention is made of upper and lower two plain washers and intermediate pretightning force washer, can It is installed between bolt or nut and sandwich plate, gasket assembly can be any of cylinder, triangular prism, quadrangular, hexagonal prisms etc. It is one group or combinations thereof, preferably cylindrical, see Fig. 1.

Upper and lower plain washer is any material that hardness or intensity are higher than mating bolt, nut, preferred metal materials；Above and below Plain washer thickness is respectively H2, H3, described flat when the pretightning force pretightning force washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate The value range of the thickness H2 of washer is the half greater than 0 and less than nut thickness, the value of the thickness H3 of the lower plain washer Range is the half greater than 0 and less than nut thickness, when the pretightning force pretightning force washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate When, the value range of the thickness H2 of the upper plain washer is the half greater than 0 and less than bolt head thickness, the thickness of the lower plain washer The value range of H3 is spent for the half greater than 0 and less than bolt head thickness.Preferably H2=H3, and H2 >=1mm.

The internal diameter of upper and lower plain washerIt is consistent with prefabricated installation aperture, the outer diameter of upper and lower plain washer Or Nut support face outside diameter.

In addition, when being mounted under bolt head, for guarantee plain washer can avoid bolt round corner and with bolt support surface it is complete Contact need to carry out chamfered to the internal diameter of the plain washer with bolt support face contact, and chamfer amount is to ensure to get out of the way bolt round corner Subject to position.

The pretightning force washer between upper and lower plain washer is installed on by metal materials such as alloy steel or stainless steel or high temperature alloys Manufacture, can also be manufactured, preferably alloy steel material by nonmetallic materials such as the non-ferrous metals such as aluminium alloy or resins.

As shown in Figure 1, the original depth of the pretightning force washer is H0, the value range of H0 is 0 < H0≤L-L1-P- H2-H3, wherein length of the L for screw rod, thickness of the L1 for sandwich plate, screw pitch of the P for screw rod, the thickness of the upper plain washer of H2, H3 are The thickness of lower plain washer；Preferably, the value range of the original depth H0 of the pretightning force washer is 2*H2≤H0≤L-L1-P- H2-H3。

As shown in Fig. 2, the internal diameter of pretightning force washer is consistent with prefabricated installation aperture is alsoOriginal outer diameter is Φ B0, andPreferably B0²≤((A²-C²)H1/H0)+C², that is, guarantee when pretightning force gasket compression is to requiring height H1 Afterwards, the outer diameter of pretightning force washerWhen pretightning force washer bearing load reaches setting preload force value, pretightning force washer is thick Degree is H1, outer diameter isAs shown in Figure 2

A kind of application method of above-mentioned pretightning force instruction washer includes the following steps:

(1) compression performance test is carried out to pretightning force washer, draws compression force-displacement curve, and according to preload force request Determine compression displacement value range；

(2) pretightning force pretightning force washer is installed between bolt and sandwich plate or nut and sandwich plate (as shown in Figure 3)；

(3) nut on twisting bolt, and the decrement of pretightning force washer is tested in due course；

(4) stop being screwed into after the displacement of pretightning force washer reaches preset compression displacement value range and complete assembly.

Use spanner or pneumtic impact wrench twisting nut when practical set, pretightning force gasket compression amount can be by vernier caliper or logical It crosses other optics or electron detection device carries out automatic numerical value reading.The present embodiment in actual use, can according to need, In It can configure critical state alarm device in use process, by the real time monitoring to displacement, when displacement is more than critical value, Implement the alarm of scene or long-range sound, light, point etc. pattern.