阅读说明：本技术 一种地下岩土热工参数检测系统及检测方法 (A kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system and detection method ) 是由 陈凤君 邹明霞 王继胜 杜海滨 申瑞杰 于 2019-09-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种地下岩土热工参数检测系统及检测方法,检测系统包括检测装置和地埋管换热器,检测装置包括柜体、电加热器组、热量表和循环水泵,电加热器组的输入端口通过第一管路与第一快速管接头连接,电加热器组的输出端口通过第二管路与第二快速管接头连接,热量表设置在第一管路和第二管路之间,循环水泵设置在第二管路上,地埋管换热器埋设于地下,地埋管换热器的输出端口和输入端口对应设有第三快速管接头和第四快速管接头,第三快速管接头和第四快速管接头对应与第一快速管接头和第二快速管接头连接,其具有结构简单、操控方便、安全可靠、实用性强的优点；检测方法具有工艺简单、实现容易、检测数据可靠的优点。(The present invention relates to a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system and detection methods, detection system includes detection device and ground heat exchanger, detection device includes cabinet body, electric heater group, calorimeter and water circulating pump, the input port of electric heater group is connect by the first pipeline with the first quick coupling, the output port of electric heater group is connect by the second pipeline with the second quick coupling, calorimeter is arranged between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, water circulating pump is arranged on the second pipeline, ground heat exchanger is embedded in underground, the output port and input port of ground heat exchanger are correspondingly provided with third quick coupling and the 4th quick coupling, third quick coupling and the 4th quick coupling correspondence are connect with the first quick coupling and the second quick coupling, it is simple with structure, manipulation is convenient, securely and reliably, it is practical The strong advantage of property；Detection method has the advantages that simple process, realizes that easy, detection data is reliable.)

1. a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system, which is characterized in that including detection device (1) and ground heat exchanger (2), the detection device (1) includes cabinet body (3) and the electric heater group (4) being set in cabinet body (3), calorimeter (5) and follows Ring water pump (6), the input port of the electric heater group (4) is by the first pipeline (7) and is arranged on cabinet body (3) first fast The connection of fast pipe fitting (31), the output port of electric heater group (4) by the second pipeline (8) and be arranged on cabinet body (3) the Two quick couplings (32) connection, the calorimeter (5) are arranged between the first pipeline (7) and the second pipeline (8), the circulation On the second pipeline (8) that water pump (6) is arranged between electric heater group (4) and calorimeter (5), the ground heat exchanger (2) It is embedded in underground, the output port and input port of ground heat exchanger (2) are correspondingly provided with third quick coupling (21) and Four quick couplings (22), third quick coupling (21) and the 4th quick coupling (22) are corresponding with the by connecting tube respectively One quick coupling (31) and the second quick coupling (32) connection.

2. a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the underground pipe changes The input port and output port of hot device (2) are correspondingly provided with the first temperature sensor (23) and second temperature sensor (24)；Institute The first pipeline (7) stated between electric heater group (4) and calorimeter (5) is equipped with third temperature sensor (71), electric heater The second pipeline (8) between group (4) and water circulating pump (6) is equipped with the 4th temperature sensor (81).

3. a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the third temperature The first pipeline (7) between sensor (71) and calorimeter (5) is equipped with Constant pressure tank (72)；The Constant pressure tank (72) and calorimeter (5) the first pipeline (7) between is equipped with flow switch (73).

4. a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the third temperature The first pipeline (7) between sensor (71) and Constant pressure tank (72) is equipped with safety valve (74), third temperature sensor (71) and The first pipeline (7) between electric heater group (4) is equipped with pressure sensor (75).

5. a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the third temperature The first pipeline (7) between sensor (71) and safety valve (74) is equipped with water injection valve (76)；The pressure sensor (75) and The first pipeline (7) between electric heater group (4) is equipped with first row air valve (77)；The calorimeter (5) and second is quickly managed The second pipeline (8) between connector (32) is equipped with second row air valve (82).

6. a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that further include control dress It sets, the electric heater group (4), calorimeter (5), water circulating pump (6), the first temperature sensor (23), second temperature sensor (24), third temperature sensor (71), the 4th temperature sensor (81), flow switch (73) and pressure sensor (75) respectively with Control device connection.

7. a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the cabinet body (3) Front side wall on be respectively equipped with the touch display screen (33), start button (34) and work light connecting with control device (35)。

8. a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system according to claim 1-7, which is characterized in that described The bottom of cabinet body (3) is equipped with the roller devices (36) of locking function, and the top of cabinet body (3) is equipped with hanging ring (37), cabinet body (3) One side wall is equipped with heat dissipation grid (38).

9. a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system according to claim 1-7, which is characterized in that described Ground heat exchanger (2) is U-tube heat exchanger, double-U-shaped heat exchange of heat pipe or W type heat exchanger.

10. a kind of method using the detection underground ground thermal parameter of detection system described in claim 7, which is characterized in that packet Include following steps:

One, detection system is arranged:

1) it will test device (1) and ground heat exchanger (2) be transported to detection scene；It chooses test point and is arranged using drilling device Test well；

2) ground heat exchanger (2) is placed in test well using lower tube apparatus, and test well is backfilled；

3) after the Liang Jing of setting time, using connecting tube by the third quick coupling (21) of ground heat exchanger (2) and Corresponding the first quick coupling (31) and the second quick coupling (32) with detection device (1) of 4th quick coupling (22) connects It connects；

Two, data acquisition and calculating:

4) activation system runs water circulating pump (6), and stops electric heater group (4), as t1-t2≤Δ t, calculates t1 Initial temperature with the average value of t2 and as underground ground；Wherein, t1 by the first temperature sensor (23) detection obtain, t2 by Second temperature sensor (24) detection obtains；

5) after the power for setting beginning and ending time, detection frequency and electric heater group (4), start electric heater group (4), and record the The detected value T1 of one temperature sensor (23), the detected value T2 of second temperature sensor (24), third temperature sensor (71) Detected value T3, the 4th temperature sensor (81) detected value T4 and by when flow, by when heating amount and accumulative heating amount；

6) according to the beginning and ending time, detection frequency, by when flow, by when heating amount, accumulative heating amount and T1, T2, T3 and T4 count Calculation obtains the thermal coefficient and thermal resistance of underground ground；

It is described detection frequency refer to record data frequency, it is described by when flow refer to water flow hourly in detection system pipeline Amount, it is described by when heating amount refer to that electric heater group heating amount hourly, the accumulative heating amount refer in electric heater group Accumulative heating amount.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of ground quality detecting devices, and in particular to a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system, and The method for detecting underground ground thermal parameter.

Background technique

Under the guidance of energy-saving and emission-reduction policy, geothermal energy because have recyclable regenerative, reserves it is huge, it is nearest utilize etc. it is excellent Point has pushed the fast development and application of ground-source heat pump system.The thermal parameter of underground ground is design ground-source heat pump system Important evidence.There is larger differences for the geological characteristics of different regions, even if same its thermal parameter of ground ingredient may also It is different.Therefore, whether the parameter of design considerations is consistent with actual underground ground thermal parameter, directly decides earth source heat pump system The performance superiority and inferiority and cost of system.This field is when designing ground-source heat pump system at present, based on geological characteristics be mostly experience number According to, and the design hole count of ground heat exchanger is obtained using the method for heat exchange amount budgetary estimate.The ground source heat designed in this way Pumping system is not often inconsistent with actual demand or the system scale of construction is larger, increases cost, causes the wasting of resources or system The scale of construction is smaller, causes performance insufficient.There are also part ground-source heat pump systems to use test data in design, i.e., keeps in test Inflow temperature is certain, and the flow by measuring and return water temperature obtain the heat exchange amount in circuit, the heat transfer that directly every meter drills Measure the foundation as design ground heat exchanger total length.The ground-source heat pump system designed using this mode is equally deposited and reality Not the problem of border demand is not inconsistent.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection systems and detection method, detection system to have The advantage that structure is simple, manipulation is convenient, safe and reliable, practical；Detection method has simple process, realizes easy, detection The reliable advantage of data.

To solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection systems System, including detection device and ground heat exchanger, the detection device include cabinet body and the electric heater group being set in cabinet body, Calorimeter and water circulating pump, the input port of the electric heater group by the first pipeline and setting on the cabinet first quickly The output port of pipe fitting connection, electric heater group is connected by the second quick coupling of the second pipeline and setting on the cabinet It connects, the calorimeter is arranged between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, and the water circulating pump is arranged in electric heater group and heat On the second pipeline between table, the ground heat exchanger is embedded in underground, the output port and input terminal of ground heat exchanger Mouth is correspondingly provided with third quick coupling and the 4th quick coupling, and third quick coupling and the 4th quick coupling lead to respectively Connecting tube correspondence is crossed to connect with the first quick coupling and the second quick coupling.

Further, a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention, wherein the ground heat exchanger it is defeated Inbound port and output port are correspondingly provided with the first temperature sensor and second temperature sensor；The electric heater group and calorimeter Between the first pipeline be equipped with third temperature sensor, the second pipeline between electric heater group and water circulating pump is equipped with the Four temperature sensors.

Further, a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention, wherein the third temperature sensor and The first pipeline between calorimeter is equipped with Constant pressure tank；The first pipeline between the Constant pressure tank and calorimeter is opened equipped with flow It closes.

Further, a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention, wherein the third temperature sensor and The first pipeline between Constant pressure tank is equipped with safety valve, sets on the first pipeline between third temperature sensor and electric heater group There is pressure sensor.

Further, a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention, wherein the third temperature sensor and The first pipeline between safety valve is equipped with water injection valve；It is set on the first pipeline between the pressure sensor and electric heater group There is first row air valve；The second pipeline between the calorimeter and the second quick coupling is equipped with second row air valve.

Further, a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention, further includes control device, the electric heating Device group, calorimeter, water circulating pump, the first temperature sensor, second temperature sensor, third temperature sensor, the 4th temperature pass Sensor, flow switch and pressure sensor are connect with control device respectively.

Further, a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention, wherein divide on the front side wall of the cabinet body Touch display screen, start button and the work light that She You not be connect with control device.

Further, a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention, wherein the bottom of the cabinet body is equipped with band The roller devices of latch functions, the top of cabinet body are equipped with hanging ring, and the one side wall of cabinet body is equipped with heat dissipation grid.

Further, a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention, wherein the ground heat exchanger is U Type heat exchange of heat pipe, double-U-shaped heat exchange of heat pipe or W type heat exchanger.

A kind of method using said detecting system detection underground ground thermal parameter of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

One, detection system is arranged:

1) it will test device and ground heat exchanger be transported to detection scene；Choose test point and using drilling device setting examination Test well；

2) ground heat exchanger is placed in test well using lower tube apparatus, and test well is backfilled；

3) after the Liang Jing of setting time, using connecting tube by the third quick coupling of ground heat exchanger and the 4th Quick coupling correspondence is connect with the first quick coupling of detection device and the second quick coupling；

Two, data acquisition and calculating:

4) activation system runs water circulating pump, and make electric heater group stop, as t1-t2≤Δ t, calculate t1 and The average value of t2 and initial temperature as underground ground；Wherein, t1 is obtained by the first temperature sensor (23) detection, and t2 is by the Two temperature sensors detect to obtain；

5) after the power for setting beginning and ending time, detection frequency and electric heater group, start electric heater group, and record first The detected value T1 of temperature sensor, the detected value T2 of second temperature sensor, the detected value T3 of third temperature sensor, the 4th temperature Spend sensor detected value T4 and by when flow, by when heating amount and accumulative heating amount；

6) according to the beginning and ending time, detection frequency, by when flow, by when heating amount, accumulative heating amount and T1, T2, T3 and The thermal coefficient and thermal resistance of underground ground is calculated in T4；

It is described detection frequency refer to record data frequency, it is described by when flow refer to it is hourly in detection system pipeline Water flow, it is described by when heating amount refer to that electric heater group heating amount hourly, the accumulative heating amount refer in electric heating The accumulative heating amount of device group.

A kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention and detection method compared with prior art, have following excellent Point: the present invention adds detection device setting cabinet body and the electricity in cabinet body by setting detection device and ground heat exchanger Hot device group, calorimeter and water circulating pump, allow the input port of electric heater group by the first pipeline and setting on the cabinet the The connection of one quick coupling allows the output port of electric heater group to pass through the second quick pipe of the second pipeline and setting on the cabinet Connector connection, calorimeter is arranged between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, and water circulating pump is arranged in electric heater group and heat On the second pipeline between scale, ground heat exchanger is embedded in underground, and in the output port of ground heat exchanger and defeated Inbound port is correspondingly arranged third quick coupling and the 4th quick coupling, makes third quick coupling and the 4th quick coupling It is connect respectively by the way that connecting tube is corresponding with the first quick coupling and the second quick coupling.Thus a kind of structure letter is just constituted Underground ground thermal parameter detection system single, manipulation is convenient, safe and reliable, practical.In practical applications, activation system Afterwards, it allows water circulating pump to run, electric heater group wouldn't be opened, it is defeated by detection ground heat exchanger after flow system flow is stablized The temperature of inbound port and output port, the average value for calculating the two can be used as the initial temperature parameter of underground ground；It sets Only start electric heater group after the power of time (detection cycle), record data frequency and electric heater group, detects and record ground Temperature, the system pipes of the temperature of buried tube heat exchanger input port and output port, electric heater group input port and output port Road water flow hourly, electric heater group heating amount hourly and accumulative heating amount, according to the number of above every detection According to parameters such as the thermal coefficients and thermal resistance that underground ground can be calculated.The present invention passes through detection project scene underground ground The thermal parameters such as initial temperature, thermal coefficient and thermal resistance can make the earth source heat pump system designed according to the underground ground thermal parameter System is more bonded actual demand.Be integrated in detection device by will test component and respective line, reduce system arrangement and Operation difficulty improves work efficiency；By the way that the electric heater group that is made of multiple electric heaters is arranged, can flexible setting its add Thermal power enhances the flexibility and applicability of system.

Shown specific embodiment is to a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention and inspection with reference to the accompanying drawing Survey method is described in further detail.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is a kind of overall structure diagram of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the front view of detection device in a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the right view of detection device in a kind of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

Firstly the need of explanation, the nouns of locality such as heretofore described up, down, left, right, before and after only with reference to the accompanying drawings into Capable description, in order to understand, not to technical solution of the present invention and be claimed range progress limitation.

A kind of specific embodiment of underground ground thermal parameter detection system of the present invention as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, including inspection Survey device 1 and ground heat exchanger 2.Allow detection device 1 that cabinet body 3 and the electric heater group 4 in cabinet body 3, calorimeter 5 are set With water circulating pump 6.The first quick pipe connecting for making the input port of electric heater group 4 pipeline 7 and be arranged on cabinet body 3 by first First 31 connection, the second quick coupling for making the output port of electric heater group 4 pipeline 8 and be arranged on cabinet body 3 by second 32 connections.Calorimeter 5 is arranged between the first pipeline 7 and the second pipeline 8, water circulating pump 6 is arranged in 4 He of electric heater group On the second pipeline 8 between calorimeter 5.Ground heat exchanger 2 is embedded in underground, in the output port of ground heat exchanger 2 It is correspondingly arranged third quick coupling 21 and the 4th quick coupling 22 with input port, and makes third quick coupling 21 and Four quick couplings 22 are connect by the way that connecting tube is corresponding with the first quick coupling 31 and the second quick coupling 32 respectively.Pass through The above structure setting just constitutes the underground ground thermal parameter that a kind of structure is simple, manipulation is convenient, safe and reliable, practical Detection system.In practical applications, it after activation system, allows water circulating pump 6 to run, electric heater group 4 wouldn't be opened, to system By the temperature of detection ground heat exchanger 2 input port and output port after stability of flow, the average value of the two is calculated Initial temperature parameter as underground ground；Set beginning and ending time (detection cycle), record data frequency and electric heater group 4 Start electric heater group 4 after power, detects and record temperature, the electric heating of 2 input port of ground heat exchanger and output port 4 input port of device group and the temperature of output port, system pipeline water flow hourly, the heating hourly of electric heater group 4 Thermal coefficient and the thermal resistance etc. of underground ground can be calculated according to the data of above every detection for amount and accumulative heating amount Parameter.The present invention by thermal parameters such as initial temperature, thermal coefficient and the thermal resistances of detection project scene underground ground, can make according to Actual demand is more bonded according to the ground-source heat pump system that the underground ground thermal parameter designs.By will test component and respective tube Road is integrated in detection device 1, is reduced system arrangement and operation difficulty, is improved work efficiency；By being arranged by multiple electricity The electric heater group 4 that heater is constituted, can flexible setting its heating power, enhance the flexibility and applicability of system.It needs Illustrate, the calorimeter 5 is a kind of common measuring instrument of this field, is equipped with flowmeter, ascending tube (first in calorimeter Pipeline) temperature sensor Ta and down pipe (the second pipeline) temperature sensor Tb, according to flowmeter, temperature sensor Ta and temperature The detection signal of sensor Tb and the heat that heat-exchange system acquisition can be calculated using built-in calculation formula, flow therein Meter can detect that the flow in circulation line.

As prioritization scheme, present embodiment is set in input port and the output port correspondence of ground heat exchanger 2 The first temperature sensor 23 and second temperature sensor 24 are set, the first pipeline 7 between electric heater group 4 and calorimeter 5 It is upper to be provided with third temperature sensor 71, the 4th is provided on the second pipeline 8 between electric heater group 4 and water circulating pump 6 Temperature sensor 81.By the first temperature sensor 23 and second temperature sensor 24 can real-time detection ground heat exchanger 2 it is defeated The temperature of inbound port and output port, can real-time detection electric heating by third temperature sensor 71 and the 4th temperature sensor 81 The temperature of device group 4 input port and output port.Meanwhile present embodiment passes through in third temperature sensor 71 and heat Constant pressure tank 72 is set on the first pipeline 7 between table 5, enhances the stability of system operation；By in Constant pressure tank 72 and heat On the first pipeline 7 between table 5 be arranged flow switch 73, when flow be more than preset range when trigger alarm signal, can make be System makes corresponding adjustment, enhances the stability of system.For the safety for enhancing system, present embodiment is in third temperature It spends and is provided with safety valve 74 on the first pipeline 7 between sensor 71 and Constant pressure tank 72, when the pressure in system pipeline is more than to permit Perhaps value can realize releasing pressure automatically by safety valve 74, and the first pipe between third temperature sensor 71 and electric heater group 4 Pressure sensor 75 is set on road 7, so as to the pressure in real-time detecting system pipeline.

As specific embodiment, for convenient for note/draining, the present invention is between third temperature sensor 71 and safety valve 74 The first pipeline 7 on be provided with water injection valve 76.To avoid occurring in system pipeline bubble, present embodiment is in pressure sensing First row air valve 77 is provided on the first pipeline 7 between device 75 and electric heater group 4, in calorimeter 5 and the second quick pipe connecting Second row air valve 82 is provided on the second pipeline 8 between first 32, it can be automatic by first row air valve 77 and second row air valve 82 Air in exhaust system pipeline improves the stability and safety of system operation.

It should be noted that in practical applications, the present invention is provided with control device in detection device 1 and (does not show in figure Out), and make electric heater group 4, calorimeter 5, water circulating pump 6, the first temperature sensor 23, second temperature sensor 24, third Temperature sensor 71, the 4th temperature sensor 81, flow switch 73 and pressure sensor 75 are connect with control device respectively, with reality Now automatically control.For the convenience for improving parameter setting and operation, the present invention is respectively provided with and controls on the front side wall of cabinet body 3 Touch display screen 33, start button 34 and the work light 35 of device connection processed.To improve mobile and transport convenience, this Invention is provided with the roller devices 36 of locking function in the bottom of cabinet body 3, hanging ring 37 is provided at the top of cabinet body 3, to make Interior of the cabinet obtains abundant ventilation and heat, and heat dissipation grid 38 is arranged also in the one side wall of cabinet body 3.In addition, it is necessary to, it is noted that The various structures shapes such as U-tube heat exchanger, double-U-shaped heat exchange of heat pipe or W type heat exchanger can be used in ground heat exchanger 2 in the present invention Formula.

Based on same design, underground ground thermal parameter is detected using said detecting system the present invention also provides a kind of Method, specifically includes the following steps:

One, detection system is arranged:

1) it will test device 1 and ground heat exchanger 2 be transported to detection scene；It chooses test point and is carried out using drilling device Punching, so that test well is arranged.Detection scene, which refers to, proposes the place for setting ground-source heat pump system.

2) ground heat exchanger 2 is placed in test well using lower tube apparatus, and test well is backfilled.Before and after down tube Pressure test should be carried out to ground heat exchanger 2, to guarantee that it is intact, avoid doing over again.

3) after the Liang Jing of setting time, using connecting tube by 21 He of third quick coupling of ground heat exchanger 2 4th quick coupling 22 correspondence is connect with the first quick coupling 31 of detection device 1 and the second quick coupling 32.Because beating Hole construction can destructively descend the original temperature field of ground to a certain extent, and the present invention usually allows the cool well 48 of test well after backfilling Hour or more, so that it restores original temperature field, guarantee the reliability of detection data.Detection device 1 and ground heat exchanger 2 connect Pressure test should be carried out after connecing, again also to guarantee that whole system circulation loop will not leak.

Two, data acquisition and calculating:

4) activation system runs water circulating pump 6, and stops electric heater group 4, as t1-t2≤Δ t, calculates t1 Initial temperature with the average value of t2 and as underground ground.Wherein, t1 is obtained by the detection of the first temperature sensor 23, and t2 is by the The detection of two temperature sensors 24 obtains.In practical applications, the usual Δ t of the present invention is set to 1~3 DEG C, and system is through too short at this time Flow after time operation in circulation loop tends towards stability, and the practical initial temperature of the average value of t1 and t2 and underground ground is more Fitting.

5) after the power for setting beginning and ending time, detection frequency and electric heater group 4, start electric heater group 4, and record the The detected value T1 of one temperature sensor 23, the detected value T2 of second temperature sensor 24, third temperature sensor 71 detected value T3, the 4th temperature sensor 81 detected value T4 and by when flow, by when heating amount and accumulative heating amount.

6) according to the beginning and ending time, detection frequency, by when flow, by when heating amount, accumulative heating amount and T1, T2, T3 and The thermal coefficient and thermal resistance of underground ground is calculated in T4.

Wherein, detection frequency refer to record data frequency, by when flow refer to water hourly in detection system pipeline Flow, by when heating amount refer to electric heater group heating amount hourly, accumulative heating amount refers in the accumulative of electric heater group Heating amount.

It should be pointed out that described in step 6) according to the beginning and ending time, detection frequency, by when flow, by when heating amount, The thermal coefficient and thermal resistance of underground ground is calculated in accumulative heating amount and T1, T2, T3 and T4, is using in the art common Ground thermal response software for calculation, ground Thermal Synthetic Calculation of Physical Properties software or underground ground thermal parameter software for calculation etc. divided What analysis calculated, belong to ordinary skill in the art means, details are not described herein.

Above embodiments are only the descriptions carried out to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and model not is claimed to the present invention It encloses and is defined, without departing from the design concept of the invention, the technical solution of those skilled in the art according to the present invention The various modifications made, should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.