阅读说明：本技术 负光功率液体透镜 (Negative optical power liquid lens ) 是由 约瑟夫·马歇尔·库尼克 肖恩·迈克尔·奥马利 于 2019-05-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供一种负光功率电润湿光学装置。所述负光功率电润湿光学装置包括：具有一折射率的非导电液体；具有第二折射率的导电液体；以及与导电液体和非导电液体均接触的介电表面。非导电液体的折射率小于导电液体的第二折射率,并且其中导电液体与非导电液体不混溶。(A kind of negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices are provided.The negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices include: the non-electrically conductive liquid with a refractive index；Conducting liquid with the second refractive index；And the dielectric surface contacted with conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid.The refractive index of non-electrically conductive liquid is less than the second refractive index of conducting liquid, and wherein conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid are unmixing.)

1. a kind of negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices, comprising:

Non-electrically conductive liquid with a refractive index；

Conducting liquid with the second refractive index；With

The dielectric surface contacted with the conducting liquid and the non-electrically conductive liquid,

Wherein the refractive index of the non-electrically conductive liquid is less than the second refractive index of the conducting liquid, and the wherein conduction liquid Interface between body and the non-electrically conductive liquid forms lens.

2. electrowetting Optical devices according to claim 1, wherein the non-electrically conductive liquid includes having 5 to about 40 carbon The alkyl of atom, the fluorinated alkyl with 5 to about 40 carbon atoms, silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oil, silane, fluorinated silane, perfluor are poly- Ether, siloxanes, fluorinated siloxane, fluoropolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoro alkoxy (PFA), perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, perfluorinated fluoroelastomer, or combinations thereof.

3. electrowetting Optical devices according to claim 1, wherein the non-electrically conductive liquid includes the silicone oil with formula (I) Compound and/or the fluorinated silicone oil compound with formula (II):

Wherein n is 0 or the integer greater than 0.

4. electrowetting Optical devices according to claim 1, wherein the non-electrically conductive liquid includes complete with formula (III) Perfluoroalkyl polyether compound:

Wherein x and y is individually the integer for being greater than 0.

5. electrowetting Optical devices according to claim 1, wherein the non-electrically conductive liquid includes the fluorine with formula (IV) SiClx hydride compounds:

6. electrowetting Optical devices according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the refractive index of the non-electrically conductive liquid Less than 1.40.

7. electrowetting Optical devices according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the refractive index of the non-electrically conductive liquid It is smaller than the second refractive index of the conducting liquid by least 0.08.

8. electrowetting Optical devices according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the non-electrically conductive liquid is at 20 DEG C Density is 1.00g/cm³To 1.10g/cm³。

9. electrowetting Optical devices according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the non-electrically conductive liquid is at 20 DEG C Viscosity is about 2cs to about 10cs.

10. a kind of camera model, including electrowetting Optical devices according to any one of claims 1-5.

11. a kind of liquid shutter, comprising:

Negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices, comprising:

Non-electrically conductive liquid with a refractive index；

Conducting liquid with the second refractive index；With

The dielectric surface contacted with the conducting liquid and the non-electrically conductive liquid；

Imaging len；With

Barrier structure between the negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices and the imaging len,

Wherein the refractive index of the non-electrically conductive liquid is less than the second refractive index of the conducting liquid, and the wherein conduction liquid Interface between body and the non-electrically conductive liquid forms lens.

12. liquid shutter according to claim 11, wherein the liquid shutter has the switching time less than 10 milliseconds.

13. liquid shutter according to claim 11, wherein the non-electrically conductive liquid includes having 5 to about 40 carbon atoms Alkyl, fluorinated alkyl, silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oil, silane, fluorinated silane, perfluoropolyether, silicon with 5 to about 40 carbon atoms Oxygen alkane, fluorinated siloxane, fluoropolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), Perfluoro alkoxy (PFA), perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, perfluorinated fluoroelastomer, or combinations thereof.

14. liquid shutter described in any one of 1-13 according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the non-electrically conductive liquid is less than 1.40。

15. liquid shutter described in any one of 1-13 according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the non-electrically conductive liquid compares institute The second refractive index for stating conducting liquid is small by least 0.08.

16. a kind of negative optical power liquid system, comprising:

Non-electrically conductive liquid with a refractive index；With

Conducting liquid with the second refractive index,

Wherein the refractive index of the non-electrically conductive liquid is less than the second refractive index of the conducting liquid, and the wherein conduction liquid Body and the non-electrically conductive liquid are unmixing.

17. negative optical power liquid system according to claim 16, wherein the non-electrically conductive liquid includes having 5 to about 40 The alkyl of a carbon atom, fluorinated alkyl, silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oil, silane, fluorinated silane, perfluor with 5 to about 40 carbon atoms Polyethers, siloxanes, fluorinated siloxane, fluoropolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoro alkoxy (PFA), perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, perfluorinated fluoroelastomer, or combinations thereof.

18. negative optical power liquid system according to claim 16, wherein the non-electrically conductive liquid includes having formula (II) Per-fluoro polyether compound:

Wherein x and y is individually the integer for being greater than 0.

19. negative optical power liquid system described in any one of 6-18 according to claim 1, wherein the folding of the non-electrically conductive liquid Rate is penetrated less than 1.40.

20. negative optical power liquid system described in any one of 6-18 according to claim 1, wherein the folding of the non-electrically conductive liquid It is smaller than the second refractive index of the conducting liquid by least 0.08 to penetrate rate.

Technical field

This disclosure relates to liquid lens, and more particularly, to use low-refraction hydrophobic liquid have negative light The liquid lens of power.

Background technique

Traditional liquid lens based on electrowetting be based on the indoor two kinds of unmixing liquid of chamber is arranged in, i.e., oil and Conductive phase, the latter are water base.Two liquid phases usually form triple interfaces on the isolated substrate for including dielectric material.Change is applied The electric field for being added to liquid can change wetability of one of liquid relative to chamber wall, this, which has, changes between two kinds of liquid The effect of the shape of the meniscus of formation.In addition, in various applications, the variation of meniscus shape leads to the change of the focal length of lens Change.

As liquid lens expands to new and widened application field, the liquid preparation used in these devices can Quick response voltage is under a variety of different environmental conditions to provide for example automatic focusing and optical image stabilization function may be Beneficial.The shortcomings that using known liquid preparation (especially oily phase) first is that a series of height of the refractive index in wave-length coverages Degree dispersion or variation.Finding, there is the oil of required refractive index and low dispersion, which can be realized new and/or improved liquid lens, answers With.

Therefore, it is necessary to liquid used in liquid lens configuration, and reduced color difference is provided for required refractive index, this can To be converted into improved liquid lens reliability, performance and manufacturing cost.

Summary of the invention

According to some embodiments of present disclosure, a kind of negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices are provided.Negative optical power Electrowetting Optical devices include: the non-electrically conductive liquid with a refractive index；Conducting liquid with the second refractive index；And with lead The dielectric surface that electro-hydraulic body and non-electrically conductive liquid contact.The refractive index of non-electrically conductive liquid is less than the second refraction of conducting liquid Rate, and wherein conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid are unmixing.

According to some embodiments of present disclosure, a kind of liquid shutter is provided.Liquid shutter includes negative optical power electricity Wetting of optical device includes the non-electrically conductive liquid with a refractive index；Conducting liquid with the second refractive index；And with The dielectric surface that conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid contact.Liquid shutter further include: imaging len；And it is located at negative optical power Barrier structure between electrowetting Optical devices and imaging len.The refractive index of non-electrically conductive liquid is less than the second folding of conducting liquid Rate is penetrated, and wherein conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid are unmixing.

According to some embodiments of present disclosure, a kind of negative optical power liquid system is provided.Negative optical power liquid system System includes the non-electrically conductive liquid with a refractive index and the conducting liquid with the second refractive index.The refractive index of non-electrically conductive liquid is small In the second refractive index of conducting liquid, and wherein, conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid are unmixing.

Additional feature and advantage will be illustrated in following detailed description, and to those skilled in the art, this A little additional feature and advantage from the description it will be evident that, or by practice embodiment as described herein (including Following detailed description, claims and drawings) and recognize.

It should be understood that foregoing general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary, and it is intended to provide use General introduction or frame in the property and feature for understanding present disclosure and appended claims.

Including attached drawing to provide further understanding to the principle of present disclosure, and attached drawing is incorporated into this specification And it forms part of this specification.Attached drawing illustrates one or more embodiments, and is used to pass through together with specification Exemplary mode explains the principle and operation of present disclosure.It should be appreciated that in the disclosure disclosed in the specification and drawings The various features held can be applied in combination with any and all.As non-limiting example, the various features of present disclosure can To be combined with each other according to following implementation.

Detailed description of the invention

It is the description to each figure in attached drawing below.Each figure is not drawn necessarily to scale, and is risen for clarity and conciseness See, certain features of each figure and certain views may amplify display in ratio or in the diagram.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the schematic sectional view according to the exemplary electrical wetting of optical device of some embodiments of present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is to provide the schematic sectional view of the traditional liquid lens of positive optical power.

Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-sectional according to the liquid lens of the offer tilted interface of some embodiments of present disclosure Figure.

Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-sectional according to the liquid lens of the offer negative optical power of some embodiments of present disclosure Figure.

Fig. 5 is the curve graph according to the color difference of the positive and negative optical power liquid lens of some embodiments of present disclosure.

Fig. 6 A-6C is the schematic sectional view according to the liquid shutter of some embodiments of present disclosure.

Fig. 7 A-7B is that cell phone camera module is located in together with optical device according to some embodiments of present disclosure In liquid lens schematic sectional view.

Specific embodiment

Additional feature and advantage will be illustrated in following detailed description, and to those skilled in the art, this A little additional feature and advantage from the description it will be evident that, or by practice embodiment as described below and Claims and drawing and recognize.

As it is used herein, term "and/or", when in listing two or more projects in use, mean can Any one of listed item is used alone, or two or more any groups in listed item can be used It closes.For example, the composition can only include A if composition is described as comprising component A, B and/or C；It only include B；Only Include C；Combination comprising A and B；Combination comprising A and C；Combination comprising B and C；Or the combination comprising A, B and C.

In this document, such as first and second, top and bottom and similar relational terms are only used for an entity Movement with another entity or movement distinguish, without require or imply these entities or act between it is any it is actual this Kind relationship or sequence.

For those skilled in the art and the personnel for making or using present disclosure, it will expect in the disclosure Appearance is modified.It will thus be appreciated that shown in the accompanying drawings and being merely to illustrate property of implementations described above purpose, and Be not intended to be limited to scope of the present disclosure, scope of the present disclosure by according to include doctrine of equivalents Patent Law principle explanation Appended claims limit.

For the purpose of present disclosure, term " coupling " (with its form of ownership) generally mean that two components directly or It is connected to each other indirectly.This connection can be substantially fixing or can be movable in nature.This connection can To be realized by two components and any additional intermediate member, and any additional intermediate member can be with landform integral with one another Single entirety is formed integrally as single entirety, or with two components.Unless otherwise indicated, this connection can be this It is permanent in matter, or can be substantially can be removed or dissoluble.

As it is used herein, the term " about " amount of referring to, size, formula, parameter and other quantity and feature are not accurate And need not be accurate, but can according to need approximate and/or greater or lesser, reflection tolerance, conversion coefficient, four houses five Enter, measurement error etc. and other factors well known by persons skilled in the art.When term " about " is used to describe the end of value or range When point, present disclosure should be read to include signified occurrence or endpoint.No matter the end of the number value or range in specification Whether point is recorded " about ", and the endpoint of number value or range is intended to include two kinds of embodiments: it is a kind of to be modified by " about ", it is a kind of not by " about " it modifies.It is also independently of separately it will be further appreciated that the endpoint of each range is either associated with another endpoint One endpoint is all meaningful.

As used herein term " substantial " and its variant are intended to indicate that described feature is equal or approximately equal to One value or description.For example, " substantially planar " surface is intended to indicate that flat or near flat surface.In addition, " essence On " it is intended to indicate that two values are equal or approximately equal.In some embodiments, about 10% between " substantial " can indicate Interior value, such as each other in about 5%, or each other in about 2%.

Direction term used herein --- such as upper and lower, right, left, forward and backward, top, bottom --- is only referring to being drawn Attached drawing use, it is no intended to imply absolute orientation.

As it is used herein, term " described ", "a" or "an" indicate "at least one", and should not necessarily be limited by " only One ", unless clearly pointing out on the contrary.Thus, for example, referring to that " component " includes having two or more such portions The embodiment of part, unless the context is clearly stated.

Term " immiscible " and " unmixing ", which refer to, not to be formed homogeneous mixture when being added together or works as The liquid that bottom line mixes when another liquid is added in a kind of liquid.In this specification and following following claims, when two The partial miscibility of kind liquid is lower than 2%, lower than 1%, lower than 0.5% or when being lower than 0.2%, then it is assumed that two kinds of liquid are not Miscible, all values measure within the scope of given temperature (such as at 20 DEG C).Liquid herein (the example in wide temperature range Such as, including -30 DEG C to 85 DEG C and from -20 DEG C to 65 DEG C) there is low intermiscibility.

As it is used herein, term " conducting liquid " refers to that the conductivity of liquid is about 1 × 10^-3S/m to about 1 × 10²S/m, about 0.1S/m are to about 10S/m or about 0.1S/m to about 1S/m.As it is used herein, term " non-electrically conductive liquid " is Referring to has the conductivity of very little or the liquid without measurable conductivity, for example including less than about 1 × 10^-8S/m, it is less than about 1 ×10^-10S/m or be less than about 1 × 10^-14The conductivity of S/m.

Unless otherwise stated, what the refractive index value recorded herein was recorded as measuring under the wavelength of 589nm.

In each embodiment, a kind of negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices are provided.Negative optical power electrowetting optics device Part includes the non-electrically conductive liquid with a refractive index；Conducting liquid with the second refractive index；And with conducting liquid and non-lead The dielectric surface that electro-hydraulic body contacts.The refractive index of non-electrically conductive liquid is less than the second refractive index of conducting liquid, and wherein leads Electro-hydraulic body and non-electrically conductive liquid are unmixing.

" non-electrically conductive liquid " described herein, which can be, to be used as in the liquid electric wetting of optical device with negative optical power The low-refraction of active component, low dispersion, nonpolarity, non-electrically conductive liquid.It is this low-refraction used herein, low dispersion, non- Polarity, non-electrically conductive liquid substitute high refractive index usually used in positive optical power liquid lens, high dispersion liquid, to replace shape At negative liquid lens.The use of negative optical power liquid lens or negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices described herein is important , because they do not have mechanical part, but electrowetting is used to activate the lens as focusing optics.These electrowettings Device uses biliquid system, and one of liquid is used as light-guide device, and second liquid is used to support the light-guide device.It is guide-lighting Liquid is usually oil-based fluid, and second liquid is antifreezing liquid, is usually conductive and polar.It is saturating in traditional liquid In mirror, in order to manufacture positive lens, oil has the refractive index higher than polar liquid.It is lower than each conduction by design and selective refraction rate The non-electrically conductive liquid of the refractive index of liquid can manufacture negative optical power Electrowetting device or negative optical power liquid lens.

As described in greater detail below, in Fig. 1, the unit of electrowetting Optical devices or liquid lens is usually by two Transparent insulation plate and side wall limit.Lower plate is nonplanar, including cone or cylindrical depression or groove, and it includes non-conductive Or insulating liquid.The rest part of unit is filled with conducting liquid, and the conducting liquid and insulating liquid are unmixing, has different Refractive index and essentially identical density.One or more driving electrodes are located on the side wall of groove.It can be in driving electrodes and phase Heat insulating lamina is introduced between the liquid answered, to provide electrowetting in the dielectric surface with long-term chemical durability.Common electrical Pole is contacted with conducting liquid.By electrowetting phenomenon, can be changed according to the voltage V applied between the electrodes two kinds of liquid it Between interface curvature.Therefore, according to the voltage applied, the light beam across the unit perpendicular to the plate in droplet area will be by More or less defocus to some extent.Conducting liquid is usually the aqueous solution of saliferous.Non-electrically conductive liquid be usually oil, alkane or The mixture of alkane, it may be possible to halogenation.

In some embodiments, the voltage between the voltage at adjustable public electrode and the voltage at driving electrodes Difference.It can control and adjust voltage difference so that the interface (i.e. meniscus) between liquid is moved to desired position along the side wall of chamber It sets.Pass through the side wall moving boundary along chamber, thus it is possible to vary focus (for example, diopter), the gradient, astigmatism of liquid lens And/or higher order aberratons.

Liquid lens structure

Referring now to fig. 1, the simplification cross-sectional view of exemplary fluids lens 100 is provided.The structure of liquid lens 100 is not Mean to limit, and may include any structure as known in the art.In some embodiments, liquid lens 100 can wrap Include lens body 102 and the chamber formed in lens body 102 104.First liquid 106 and second liquid 108 may be provided at chamber In 104.In some embodiments, the first liquid 106 can be polar liquid, also referred to as conducting liquid.Additionally or substitute Ground, second liquid 108 can be nonpolar liquid and/or insulating liquid, also referred to as non-electrically conductive liquid.In some embodiments In, the interface 110 between the first liquid 106 and second liquid 108 forms lens.For example, the first liquid 106 and second liquid 108 can it is unmixing each other and have different refractive index so that the interface 110 between the first liquid and second liquid is formed Lens.In some embodiments, the first liquid 106 and second liquid 108 can have substantially the same density, this can be helped The shape at interface 110 caused by avoiding due to the physical orientation (for example, due to effect of gravity) of change liquid lens 100 Variation.

In some embodiments for the liquid lens 100 described in Fig. 1, chamber 104 may include that (or top is empty for first part Between) 104A and second part (or base part) 104B.For example, as described herein, the second part 104B of chamber 104 can be by Hole in the middle layer of liquid lens 100 limits.Additionally or alternatively, as described herein, the first part of chamber 104 104A can be limited by the groove in the first outer layer of liquid lens 100 and/or is arranged outside hole in the intermediate layer.In some realities It applies in mode, at least part of the first liquid 106 can be placed in the first part 104A of chamber 104.Additionally or alternatively, Two liquid 108 can be placed in the second part 104B of chamber 104.For example, substantially all or part of second liquid 108 can be set In in the second part 104B of chamber 104.In some embodiments, the periphery at interface 110 is (for example, contact with the side wall of chamber The edge at interface) it may be provided in the second part 104B of chamber 104.

The interface 110 of liquid lens 100 (referring to Fig. 1) can be adjusted via electrowetting.For example, can be in the first liquid 106 with the surface of chamber 104 (for example, as described herein positioned at the surface of chamber 104 nearby and with the insulation of the first liquid 106 One or more driving electrodes) between apply voltage, to increase or decrease profit of the surface of chamber 104 relative to the first liquid 106 Shape that is moist and changing interface 110.In some embodiments, to change the shape at interface 110, this changes adjustment interface 110 The focal length or focus of liquid lens 100 are become.For example, the change of this focal length can be such that liquid lens 100 is able to carry out automatically Focusing function.Additionally or alternatively, adjustment interface 110 tilts interface relative to the optical axis 112 of liquid lens 100.For example, This inclination can make liquid lens 100 other than providing astigmatism variation or high order optical aberrations correction, additionally it is possible to execute light Learn image stabilization (OIS) function.Adjustment interface 110 does not need liquid lens 100 relative to imaging sensor, fixed lens or thoroughly Mirror stack, shell or in which may incorporate liquid lens 100 camera model other component carry out physics movement can be realized.

In some embodiments, the lens body 102 of liquid lens 100 may include first window 114 and the second window 116.In some such embodiments, chamber 104 may be provided between first window 114 and the second window 116.In some realities It applies in mode, lens body 102 may include multiple layers that lens body is collectively formed.For example, embodiment shown in Fig. 1 In, lens body 102 may include the first outer layer 118, middle layer 120 and the second outer layer 122.In some such embodiments In, middle layer 120 may include passing through the hole to be formed.First outer layer 118 can be bound to middle layer 120 side (for example, Object side).For example, the first outer layer 118 can be bound to middle layer 120 at the 134A of engaging portion.Engaging portion 134A can be adhesive (for example, laser welding), mechanical closure are combined in conjunction with, laser or the first liquid 106 and second liquid 108 can be maintained at Any other suitable combination in chamber 104.Additionally or alternatively, the second outer layer 122 can be bound to the another of middle layer 120 Side (for example, at image side).For example, the second outer layer 122 can be bound to middle layer at engaging portion 134B and/or engaging portion 134C 120, each of engaging portion 134B and 134C can be configured according to herein in regard to described in the 134A of engaging portion.One In a little embodiments, middle layer 120 be may be provided between the first outer layer 118 and the second outer layer 122, the hole in middle layer it is opposite Two sides can be covered by the first outer layer 118 and the second outer layer 122, and at least part of chamber 104 can be limited in hole.Therefore, The a part for covering the first outer layer 118 of chamber 104 can be used as first window 114, and a part for covering the second outer layer 122 of chamber can As the second window 116.

In some embodiments, chamber 104 may include first part 104A and second part 104B.For example, shown in Fig. 1 Embodiment in, the second part 104B of chamber 104 can be limited by the hole in middle layer 120, and the first part 104A of chamber can be set It sets between the second part 104B and first window 114 of chamber 104.In some embodiments, the first outer layer 118 may include as Groove shown in FIG. 1, the first part 104A of chamber 104 may be provided in the groove of the first outer layer 118.Therefore, the first of chamber 104 Part 104A may be provided at outside the hole in middle layer 120.

In some embodiments, chamber 104 (for example, second part 104B of chamber 104) can be taper as shown in Figure 1, So that the sectional area of chamber 104 reduces along optical axis 112 from object side to the direction at image side.For example, the second part of chamber 104 104B may include narrow end 105A and wide end 105B.Term " narrow " and " width " are relative terms, it is meant that narrow end 105A compares wide end 105B is narrow.Such conical cavity can help to keep the interface 110 between the first liquid 106 and second liquid 108 along optical axis 112 alignment.In other embodiments, chamber 104 is taper so that the sectional area of chamber 104 along optical axis from object side to At increasing on the direction of image side or non-tapered, so that the sectional area of chamber 104 keeps substantially constant along optical axis.

In some embodiments, image light can enter the liquid lens 100 described in Fig. 1 by first window 114, can It is reflected at interface 110 between the first liquid 106 and second liquid 108, and it is saturating to leave liquid by the second window 116 Mirror 100.In some embodiments, the first outer layer 118 and/or the second outer layer 122 may include enough transparencies so that image Light passes through.For example, the first outer layer 118 and/or the second outer layer 122 may include polymer, glass, ceramics or glass ceramic material. In some embodiments, the outer surface of the first outer layer 118 and/or the second outer layer 122 can be substantially flat.Therefore, i.e., Liquid lens 100 is set to may be used as lens (for example, image light by refracting through interface 110), the appearance of liquid lens 100 Face is also possible to flat, and the outer surface rather than fixed lens is bent like that.In other embodiments, the first outer layer 118 And/or second the outer surface of outer layer 122 can be curved (for example, concave or convex).Therefore, liquid lens 100 may include Integrated fixed lens.In some embodiments, middle layer 120 may include metal, polymer, glass, ceramics or glass ceramics Material.Because image light can be passed through via the hole in middle layer 120, middle layer 120 can be transparent or opaque.

In some embodiments, liquid lens 100 (referring to Fig. 1) may include be electrically connected with the first liquid 106 it is public Electrode 124.Additionally or alternatively, liquid lens 100 may include be arranged on the side wall of chamber 104 and with the first liquid 106 and One/or the multiple driving electrodes 126 that second liquid 108 insulate.It describes as described herein, it can be to 124 He of public electrode Driving electrodes 126 provide different voltage to change the shape at interface 110.

In some embodiments, liquid lens 100 (referring to Fig. 1) may include conductive layer 128, and conductive layer 128 is at least A part is arranged in chamber 104.For example, conductive layer 128 may include being bound to by the first outer layer 118 and/or the second outer layer 122 The conductive coating of middle layer 120 is applied to before middle layer.Conductive layer 128 may include metal material, conducting polymer materials, its His suitable conductive material or combinations thereof.Additionally or alternatively, conductive layer 128 may include single-layer or multi-layer, it is some of or Whole layers can be conductive.In some embodiments, conductive layer 128 can limit public electrode 124 and/or driving electrodes 126.For example, conductive layer 128 can be applied before the first outer layer 118 and/or the second outer layer 122 are bound to middle layer To the substantially entire outer surface of middle layer 120.After conductive layer 128 is applied to middle layer 120, conductive layer can be divided It is cut into various conducting elements (for example, public electrode 124 and/or driving electrodes 126).In some embodiments, liquid lens 100 may include the scribing line 130A in conductive layer 128, public electrode 124 and driving electrodes 126 are isolated from each other (for example, electricity every From).In some embodiments, scribing line 130A may include the gap in conductive layer 128.For example, it is about 5 that scribing line 130A, which is width, μm, about 10 μm, about 15 μm, about 20 μm, about 25 μm, about 30 μm, about 35 μm, about 40 μm, about 45 μm, about 50 μm or the value by listing The gap of any range limited.

It is same as shown in fig. 1, liquid lens 100 may include be arranged in it is in chamber 104, be located at the top of drive electrode layer Insulation component 132.For example, insulation component 132 may include that the first outer layer 118 and/or the second outer layer 122 are being bound to centre The insulating coating of middle layer 120 is applied to before layer.In some embodiments, insulation component 132 may include will be outside second Layer 122 is bound to after middle layer 120 and is applied to before the first outer layer 118 is bound to middle layer conductive layer 128 and the The insulating coating of two windows 116.Therefore, insulation component 132 can cover at least part and of the conductive layer 128 in chamber 104 Two windows 116.In some embodiments, as described herein, insulation component 132 can be sufficiently transparent, so that figure As light can pass through the second window 116.

In some embodiments for the liquid lens 100 described in Fig. 1, insulation component 132 can cover driving electrodes 126 At least part (for example, the part for the driving electrodes being arranged in chamber 104) so that the first liquid 106 and second liquid 108 It insulate with driving electrodes.Additionally or alternatively, be arranged in the public electrode 124 in chamber 104 at least part can not by Insulation component 132 covers.Therefore, as described herein, public electrode 124 can be electrically connected with the first liquid 106.In some realities It applies in mode, insulation component 132 may include the hydrophobic surface layer of the second part 104B of chamber 104.As described herein, this Hydrophobic surface layer can help to for second liquid 108 to be maintained in the second part 104B of chamber 104 (for example, by nonpolarity the Attraction between two liquid and hydrophobic material) and/or enable the periphery at interface 110 move along hydrophobic surface layer (for example, Pass through electrowetting) to change the shape at interface.

In order to provide focal length, inclination angle, and/or the astigmatism variation of wide scope, between conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid The significant difference of optical index is beneficial.By being replaced used in traditional liquid lens with low-refraction and low dispersion liquid The reduction of color difference may be implemented in high refractive index, nonpolar liquid, this can be for focusing the light with optical image stabilization automatically Improved picture quality is provided in camera apparatus in system including liquid lens.Refractive index can be than polar liquid refractive index It is low, usually > 0.08 or more, to generate significant optical power.However, interface there is presently provided negative light function since refractive index is lower Rate.The operation chance that this negative optical power generates is not suitable for positive liquid lens.Example includes being used as shutter or reflective display Or for virtual objects to be imaged.The description and corresponding material property of both respective liquids is provided below.

Conducting liquid

It can change the conducting liquid for manufacturing negative optical power Electrowetting device, to provide the folding for being higher than non-electrically conductive liquid Penetrate the second refractive index of rate.In some embodiments, the second refractive index of conducting liquid be greater than 1.40, greater than 1.42, be greater than 1.44, it is greater than 1.46, is greater than 1.48 or greater than 1.50.In some embodiments, it can prepare and/or select conducting liquid To have the refractive index value higher than non-electrically conductive liquid, while conducting liquid can be adjusted in addition to match low-refraction conducting liquid Other properties, such as viscosity and temperature.For example, in some embodiments, adjustable monopropylene glycol (MPG) and/or second Glycol can add the salt additives of such as LiBr etc and apply required refraction to improve expectation to meet viscosity requirement Rate.In some embodiments, the refractive index of conducting liquid, the water solubility can be increased by adding water-soluble germanium compound Germanium compound is for example including germanium salt or organic germanium compounds.

In some embodiments, conducting liquid can be aqueous solution.In other embodiments, conducting liquid can not wrap Include water.In some embodiments, conducting liquid may include the about 0.01%w/w of the total weight based on conducting liquid to about 100%w/w, about 0.1%w/w to about 50%w/w, about 0.1%w/w to about 25%w/w, about 0.1%w/w to about 15%w/w, about The water of 1%w/w to about 10%w/w or about 1%w/w to about 5%w/w.In some embodiments, conducting liquid may include base In conducting liquid total weight about 0.01%w/w to about 100%w/w, about 1%w/w to about 100%w/w, about 1%w/w to about The salt of 50%w/w, about 50%w/w to about 100%w/w, about 75%w/w to about 95%w/w or about 2%w/w to about 25%w/w. In some embodiments, water and/or polar solvent can be with one or more differences including organic salt and/or inorganic salts Salt mixing.Term " ion salt " as mentioned in this article refers to salt (such as second that will be completely dissociated or substantially dissociate in water Acid radical anion and cation).Equally, term as mentioned in this article " ionizable salt " refers in chemistry, physics or physico After processing in water completely or the salt that substantially dissociates.The example of the anion used in the salt of these types includes but not It is limited to halogen ion, sulfate radical, carbonate, bicarbonate radical, acetate, 2- fluoroacetic acid root, 2,2- difluoroacetic acid root, 2,2,2- trifluoro Acetate, five fluorine propionate of 2,2,3,3,3-, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid root, fluorine ion, hexafluoro-phosphate radical, trifluoromethayl sulfonic acid root and Its mixture.Cationic example includes but is not limited to alkali metal/alkaline-earth metal and metal used in the salt of these types Cation, for example, sodium, magnesium, potassium, lithium, calcium, zinc, ammonium fluoride (for example, N- (methyl fluoride) -2- hydroxy-n, N- dimethyl-second ammonium), And its mixture.In some embodiments, any combination of above-mentioned anion and cation can be used in conducting liquid.

In some embodiments, it is led using at least one organic and/or inorganic ion salt or ionizable salt with assigning water Electrical property and the freezing point for reducing mixed liquor.In some embodiments, ion salt for example may include sodium sulphate, potassium acetate, acetic acid Sodium, zinc bromide, sodium bromide, lithium bromide and combinations thereof.In other embodiments, ion salt may include fluoride salt, the fluorination Salt includes fluorination organic ion salt.In some embodiments, organic and inorganic ion salt and ionizable salt may include but unlimited In potassium acetate, magnesium chloride, zinc bromide, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium sulphate, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid sodium, sodium acetate, trifluoro second Sour sodium and analog and their mixture.

Fluoride salt including fluorination organic ion salt can be advantageous to keep the relatively low refraction of conducting liquid Rate, while promoting the change of the physical property of conducting liquid, such as reduce the freezing point of conducting liquid.Not with traditional chlorate Together, fluoride salt can also be shown to the material for the unit for constituting electrowetting Optical devices (for example, steel, stainless steel or brass portion Part) corrosion reduce.

Water used in conducting liquid is preferably as pure as possible, that is, is free of or is substantially free of any other possible electricity that changes and moisten The undesirable dissolved constituent of the optical property of wet Optical devices.In some embodiments, have about using at 25 DEG C The ultrapure water (UPW) of the resistivity of the conductivity or 18.2MOhm of 0.055 μ S/cm forms conducting liquid.

In some embodiments, conducting liquid may include antifreezing agent or freezing point depressant.Such as salt, alcohol, glycol, And/or the antifreezing agent of dihydric alcohol etc use so that conducting liquid about -30 DEG C to about+85 DEG C, about -20 DEG C to about+65 DEG C, Or liquid is kept within the temperature range of about -10 DEG C to about+65 DEG C.In some embodiments, in conducting liquid and/or non-conductive It can help to providing stable boundary between two kinds of liquid in wide temperature range using alcohol and/or dihydric alcohol additive in liquid Face tension.According to conducting liquid and the desired application of gained liquid lens and property, conducting liquid may include being less than about 95 weights % is measured, is less than about 90 weight %, is less than about 80 weight %, is less than about 70 weight %, is less than about 60 weight %, is less than about 50 weights % is measured, is less than about 40 weight %, is less than about 30 weight %, is less than about 20 weight %, is less than about 10 weight % or is less than about 5 weights Measure the antifreezing agent of %.In some embodiments, conducting liquid may include greater than about 95 weight %, be greater than about 90 weight %, be big In about 80 weight %, greater than about 70 weight %, greater than about 60 weight %, greater than about 50 weight %, greater than about 40 weight %, it is greater than The antifreezing agent of about 30 weight %, greater than about 20 weight %, greater than about 10 weight % or greater than about 5 weight %.In some embodiment party In formula, antifreezing agent can be dihydric alcohol, for example including monopropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 1,3-PD (dipropylene glycol or TMG), sweet Oil, dipropylene glycol and combinations thereof.In some embodiments using dihydric alcohol, dihydric alcohol can have 200g/mol to 2000g/ Mol, 200g/mol are to 1000g/mol, 350g/mol to 600g/mol, 350g/mol to 500g/mol, 375g/mol to 500g/ Or mixtures thereof the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of mol,.In some embodiments, dihydric alcohol can be dimer, tripolymer, four Any combination of aggressiveness or 2 to 100 monomeric diols or triol unit (including all integers therebetween).

In some embodiments, conducting liquid may include at least one viscosity-control additive, i.e. viscosity modifier.Viscosity tune Section agent may include any compound known in the art or mixture, and for example may include alcohol, dihydric alcohol, glycol ethers, polynary Or mixtures thereof the pure and mild analog of alcohol, polyether polyols,.In some embodiments, viscosity modifier for example may include ethyl alcohol, second Glycol (EG), monopropylene glycol (MPG), 1,3- propylene glycol, 1,2,3- glycerine (glycerol) and its mixture.In some embodiment party In formula, viscosity modifier has the molecular weight less than about 130g/mol.In some embodiments, identical or different alcohol, two Alcohol and/or dihydric alcohol can be, respectively, used as antifreezing agent or viscosity-control additive.

In some embodiments, conducting liquid may include biocide to prevent such as bacterium, fungi, algae, microalgae With the development of similar organic element, the organic element may be such that the optical characteristics of optical electrowetting device deteriorates, especially In the case where driving lens by electrowetting.Light needed for biocide should not change or minimally change conducting liquid It learns characteristic (such as transparency and refractive index).Biocide compound includes compound those of known in the art, and for example It may include 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) and 1,2- benzisothiazole-3-ketone (BIT).

Non-electrically conductive liquid

Refractive index for manufacturing the non-electrically conductive liquid of negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices disclosed herein is smaller than 1.40, less than 1.39, less than 1.38, less than 1.37, less than 1.36, less than 1.35, less than 1.34, less than 1.33, less than 1.32, Less than 1.31 or less than 1.30.In some embodiments, the refractive index of non-electrically conductive liquid is less than 1.40.Non-electrically conductive liquid Refractive index is small than the second refractive index of conducting liquid at least 0.06, small at least 0.07, small at least 0.08, small at least 0.09, small At least 0.1, small at least 0.11, small at least 0.12, small at least 0.13, small by least 0.14 or small at least 0.15.In some embodiment party In formula, the refractive index of non-electrically conductive liquid is smaller than the second refractive index of conducting liquid by least 0.08.In other embodiments, non-to lead The refractive index of electro-hydraulic body is smaller than the second refractive index of conducting liquid by least 0.1.In some embodiments, non-electrically conductive liquid can be with With the refractive index value lower than conducting liquid, while non-electrically conductive liquid can be adjusted in addition to match the second refraction with higher Other physical properties of the conducting liquid of rate, viscosity and density in such as given temperature or temperature range.

In some embodiments, non-electrically conductive liquid includes alkyl with 5 to about 40 carbon atoms, has 5 to about 40 Fluorinated alkyl, silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oil, silane, fluorinated silane, perfluoropolyether (PFPE), the siloxanes, silicon fluoride oxygen of a carbon atom Alkane, fluoropolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoro alkoxy (PFA), perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, perfluorinated fluoroelastomer, or combinations thereof.In other embodiments, non-electrically conductive liquid Including the straight chained alkyl with 5 to about 20 carbon atoms, the branched alkyl with 5 to about 20 carbon atoms, there are 5 to about 20 The straight chain fluoro alkyl of carbon atom, branched fluorinated alkyl group, silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oil, silane, fluorine with 5 to about 20 carbon atoms SiClx alkane, perfluoropolyether (PFPE), siloxanes, fluorinated siloxane, fluoropolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoro alkoxy (PFA), perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, perfluorinated fluoroelastomer or A combination thereof.

As it is used herein, " alkyl " includes straight chain and branched alkyl with 5 to about 40 carbon atoms, and one In a little embodiments, straight chain and branched alkyl with 5 to about 20 carbon atoms, or in other embodiments, have 5 to The straight chain and branched alkyl of about 12 carbon atoms.As it is used herein, " alkyl " may include such as undefined naphthenic base.Alkyl It can be substituted or unsubstituted.The example of straight chained alkyl includes n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl and n-octyl.Branched alkane The example of base includes but is not limited to isopropyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl and isopentyl.Representative substituted alkyl can It is primary to be replaced with such as amino, sulfydryl, hydroxyl, cyano, alkoxy, and/or halogen group (such as F, Cl, Br and I group) Or repeatedly.In some embodiments, alkyl can be replaced one or many with such as cyano, alkoxy and fluorin radical.Such as this Used in text, term halogenated alkyl is the alkyl with one or more halogen groups.In some embodiments, alkyl halide Base refers to whole haloalkyl.

Naphthenic base is cyclic alkyl, and such as, but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopenta, cyclohexyl, suberyl and ring are pungent Base.In some embodiments, naphthenic base has 3 to 8 annular atoms, and in other embodiments, ring carbon atom number be 3 to 5,6 or 7.Naphthenic base can be substituted or unsubstituted.Naphthenic base further comprises polycyclic naphthene base, is such as, but not limited to dropped Bornyl, adamantyl, bornyl, amphene base (camphenyl), different amphene base and carene base (carenyl) group；With it is condensed Ring, such as, but not limited to naphthalane base (decalinyl) and similar group.Naphthenic base further include by straight chain as defined above or The ring that branched alkyl replaces.Representative substituted naphthenic base can be mono-substituted or replace more than once, such as, but not limited to: 2, 2-；2,3-；2,4-；2,5-；Or 2, bis- substituted cyclohexyl of 6- or it is mono-, two- or three-replace norborny or suberyl Group can be replaced by such as alkyl, alkoxy, amino, sulfydryl, hydroxyl, cyano and/or halogen group.

In some embodiments, silicone oil and fluorination silicon-based oil can be used for providing non-electrically conductive liquid of the refractive index less than 1.4. Exemplary silicone oil of the refractive index less than 1.4 includes with trade nameOils 47(Bluestar Silicones) Those of sale silicone oil.Silicone oil and fluorinated silicone oil can change its quantity and weight average molecular weight by the control degree of polymerization, from And change its viscosity and refractive index.These oil have basic chemical structure as follows, and are designed according to chain length.Some In embodiment, non-electrically conductive liquid includes the silicon oil compound with formula (I) and/or the fluorinated silicone oil compound with formula (II):

Wherein n is 0 or the integer greater than 0.

In some embodiments, per-fluoro polyether compound can be used for providing non-electrically conductive liquid of the refractive index less than 1.4.Folding Penetrating exemplary per-fluoro polyether compound of the rate less than 1.4 includes with trade nameHT PFPE (Solvay) sale that A bit.Per-fluoro polyether compound provides another kind of non-electrically conductive liquid, viscosity number and density with wide scope, for non-with other Conducting liquid matching and blending, selectively to match the physical property of conducting liquid.In some embodiments, non-conductive liquid Body includes the per-fluoro polyether compound with formula (III):

Wherein x and y is individually the integer for being greater than 0.In some embodiments, the range of x be about 50 to about 500,000, About 50 to about 50,000, about 50 to about 5,000 or about 50 to about 500.In some embodiments, the range of y is about 50 to about 500,000, about 50 to about 50,000, about 50 to about 5,000 or about 50 to about 500.

In some embodiments, aliphatic fluoride can be used for providing non-electrically conductive liquid of the refractive index less than 1.4.Folding Penetrating the exemplary aliphatic fluoride that rate is 1.238-1.330 includes with trade name FLUORINERT^TM(by 3M^TMProduction) pin Those of sell.FLUORINERT^TMSeries include: FC-87, FC-72, FC-84, FC-77, FC-3255, FC-3283, FC-40, FC-43, FC-70 and FC-5312, wherein kinematic viscosity (cs) range of the series is from down to 0.4cs to up to 14.0cs.Fluorination Aliphatic compounds provide another kind of non-electrically conductive liquid, and viscosity number and density with wide scope are used for and other non-conductive liquid Body matching and blending, selectively to match the physical property of conducting liquid.Aliphatic fluoride representative is suitable for forming liquid The another kind of non-electrically conductive liquid of the negative lens part of body lens.

In some embodiments, silane and silane low polymer, including with trade name(by Those of EVONIK production) sale, another kind of chemical substance is provided, can be hydrophobic enough and have less than 1.4 Refractive index.Silane and silane low polymer provide another kind of non-electrically conductive liquid, and viscosity number and density with wide scope are used for It matches and is blended with other non-electrically conductive liquids, selectively to match the physical property of conducting liquid.In some embodiments, Non-electrically conductive liquid includes fluorinated silane compound.In some embodiments, fluorinated silane compound is as mentioned in following formula (IV) Trichlorine (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H- perfluoro capryl) silane (FOTS) of confession.In some embodiments, non-electrically conductive liquid includes having The fluorinated silane compound of formula (IV):

Non-electrically conductive liquid disclosed herein may include one or more low-refraction compounds, including have 5 to about 40 The alkyl of carbon atom, the fluorinated alkyl with 5 to about 40 carbon atoms, silicone oil, fluorinated silicone oil, silane, fluorinated silane, perfluor are poly- Ether (PFPE), siloxanes, fluorinated siloxane, fluoropolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), ethylene fluoride Propylene (FEP), perfluoro alkoxy (PFA), perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, perfluorinated fluoroelastomer, or combinations thereof.According to required Application and non-electrically conductive liquid individual features, non-electrically conductive liquid may include low-refraction of the about 50%w/w to about 100%w/w Compound.In some embodiments, non-electrically conductive liquid may include about 50%w/w to about 100%w/w, about 50%w/w to about Any one or more of low-refraction chemical combination of 95%w/w, 5%w/w to about 95%w/w or about 25%w/w to about 75%w/w Object.It in some embodiments, can (such as oil, high viscosity or low-viscosity (mobile) liquid, oil be molten by additional nonreactive compound Property solid etc.) it is respectively added in non-electrically conductive liquid, to change the refractive index and electrical properties of prepared non-electrically conductive liquid.

Non-electrically conductive liquid disclosed herein and corresponding low-refraction compound can be conducive to liquid lens/electrowetting light Learn the property advantageously provided improved in the various temperature ranges of device those of (especially use in wide temperature range device) Energy.Performance improvement at relatively high temperatures includes that temperature is greater than 45 DEG C, is greater than 50 DEG C, is greater than 55 DEG C, is greater than 60 DEG C, is greater than 65 DEG C, be greater than 70 DEG C, be greater than 75 DEG C, be greater than 80 DEG C.Non-electrically conductive liquid described herein and corresponding low-refraction compound have Help improve liquid lens/electrowetting Optical devices transmission recovery time.

In some embodiments, non-electrically conductive liquid may additionally include machine or inorganic (mineral) compound or its mixing Object.The example of this organic or inorganic compound includes hydrocarbon, Si base monomer or oligomer, Ge base monomer or oligomer, Si-Ge base Or mixtures thereof monomer or oligomer, high refractive index polyphenylene ether compound, low-refraction fluorination or perfluorinated hydrocarbon,.In some realities Apply in mode, the organic and/or inorganic compound of non-electrically conductive liquid may include hexamethyldisilane, diphenyldimethyl silane, Chlorphenyl trimethyl silane, phenyl-trimethylsilicane, phenyl three (trimethylsiloxy) silane, dimethyl silicone polymer, Tetraphenyl tetramethyl trisiloxanes, poly- (3,3,3- trifluoro propyl methylsiloxane) ,-five silicon oxygen of nine methyl of 3,5,7- triphenyl Alkane, 3,5- diphenyl octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, 1,1,5,5- tetraphenyl -1,3,3,5- tetramethyl-trisiloxanes, pregnancy basic ring three Siloxanes, two germane of hexamethyl, diphenyldimethyl germane, phenyl trimethicone germane.In some embodiments, non-conductive liquid The organic and/or inorganic compound of body may include two germane of hexamethyl, diphenyldimethyl germane, two germane of Hexaethyl, paraffin, Or combinations thereof.For example, paraffin oilP includes by the mixture of Exxon Mobil production and commercially available hydrocarbon.

It has been found that disclosed herein lead for negative optical power liquid lens/electrowetting optical application low-refraction to be non- Electro-hydraulic body (oil) is capable of providing focal length, inclination angle and/or the astigmatism variation of wide scope.In order to realize these benefits, non-conductive liquid Body should meet at least one of following property or multiple: 1) refractive index significantly lower compared with conducting liquid；2) in liquid It matches in the operating temperature ranges of lens with conducting liquid or similar density；3) in the operating temperature range of liquid lens with The low compatibility of conducting liquid；4) change relative to every kind of component of non-electrically conductive liquid and nucleophilic aqueous electrolyte (conducting liquid) Learn stability；5) enough viscosity is with the response time needed for matching or reaching liquid lens.Use material as herein disclosed The Combination nova for the fluent material in non-electrically conductive liquid/fluid may be implemented in material, meets each in above-mentioned five standards It is a, while can be kept in liquid lens/electrowetting Optical devices in the wide temperature range in static and/or changing environment These properties.

In view of above-mentioned standard, the non-electrically conductive liquid used in negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices and conducting liquid quilt It is designed to unmixing when they are combined, and these liquid are formulated into mutual viscosity and density close match. The viscosity of every kind of liquid can also be matched carefully, especially in terms of temperature range.In addition, refractive index can be used as the letter of wavelength Number and change, and herein it is also contemplated that close match with the attribute.In some embodiments, non-conductive and conduction liquid The combination of body can reduce intrinsic visible absorption.Therefore, a series of different liquid as herein defined be can use System, composition or mixture meet requirements listed above, and the refractive index for paying special attention to non-electrically conductive liquid is less than conduction liquid Second refractive index of body.In some embodiments, non-electrically conductive liquid is oil, and conductive polar liquid is containing the antifreeze of salt Liquid, usually water.In some embodiments, in order to make the non-electrically conductive liquid component (material part of lens, for changing incidence Light beam is to obtain required focus) there is low-refraction less than 1.4, non-electrically conductive liquid can contain fluorine atom.In some embodiment party In formula, the specific refractivity of non-electrically conductive liquid and conducting liquid is about 0.1.In some embodiments, conducting liquid can be mixed For carnallite to improve its electric conductivity, and in other embodiments, salt can serve as freezing point inhibitor, and salt is made to have dual purpose.

About refractive index parameter, in some embodiments, non-electrically conductive liquid can have less than 1.40, less than 1.39, it is small In 1.38, less than 1.37, less than 1.36, less than 1.35, less than 1.34, less than 1.33, less than 1.32, less than 1.31 or be less than 1.30 refractive index.In other embodiments, non-electrically conductive liquid can have about 1.40, about 1.39, about 1.38, about 1.37, about 1.36, about 1.35, about 1.34, about 1.33, about 1.32, about 1.31 or about 1.30 refractive index.In some embodiments, it leads Specific refractivity between electro-hydraulic body and non-electrically conductive liquidIt can be about 0.04 to about 0.2 or about 0.08 to about 0.15.It should The optical index range of optical application includes the feature of such as variable focal length, gradient, astigmatic compensation and expecting refraction rate etc, To balance precision corresponding with range.In some embodiments, between conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquidIt can be big In 0.08, it is greater than 0.10, is greater than 0.15, being greater than 0.20 or be greater than 0.25.The relatively High Defferential of refractive index is very between two kinds of liquid It is suitable for following optical application, the device of the feature including such as zoom, variable focal length or gradient etc；Variable illumination dress It sets, wherein illumination depends on the refractive index difference between two kinds of liquid；And/or Optical devices, wherein inclining for optical axis can be executed Tiltedly, such as light beam deflection or image stabilization application.

About density parameter, matching the density of non-electrically conductive liquid substantially with the density of conducting liquid can help to provide With full-service fluid lens/electrowetting Optical devices of wide scope focal length under various inclinations angle.In some embodiments, In the wide temperature range including about -30 DEG C to about 85 DEG C or about -20 DEG C to about 65 DEG C, between non-electrically conductive liquid and conducting liquid Density contrast (Δ ρ) 0.1g/cm can be lower than³, be lower than 0.01g/cm³Or it is lower than 3.10^-3g/cm³。

About compatibility parameter, disclosed conduction and non-electrically conductive liquid are considered immiscible.In some implementations In mode, the partial miscibility of conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid can lower than 2%, lower than 1%, lower than 0.5% or be lower than 0.2%, wherein each of these values can be for example including -30 DEG C to 85 DEG C or -20 DEG C to 65 DEG C of wide temperature range Inside measure.

About stability parameter, non-electrically conductive liquid is at about -10 DEG C to about+65 DEG C, about -20 DEG C to about+65 DEG C or about -30 DEG C to keeping liquid within the temperature range of about+85 DEG C.In addition, non-electrically conductive liquid may not show it is any it is detectable with it is conductive Sign nucleophilic aqueous electrolyte used in liquid reaction or decomposed.Finally, corresponding conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid Each component be also relative to each other it is chemically stable, i.e., in the function temperature range of device, there is conductive and non-conductive liquid In the case where other compounds of body, they are no or essentially without chemical reaction.

About viscosity parameter, the non-electrically conductive liquid of low viscosity may be needed in some applications, because expected viscosity is lower Liquid be able to respond by liquid lens/electrowetting Optical devices unit apply variation voltage.Water-base conductive layer glues Degree is usually lower, and responds to voltage change rapid.In some embodiments, such as the institute within the scope of -20 DEG C and+70 DEG C It is measured at a temperature of having, the viscosity of non-electrically conductive liquid is smaller than 40cs, is less than 20cs or is less than 10cs.

In some embodiments, the non-electrically conductive liquid that the refractive index at 546nm is 1.2909 and Abbe number is 101.3 It can be 1.3887 with the second refractive index and conducting liquid that Abbe number is 58.568 is coupled to form negative liquid lens or negative light function Rate Electrowetting device.By the way that the negative voltage on four electrodes is applied to the negative optical power Electrowetting device, thus it is possible to vary non-to lead Liquid surface between electro-hydraulic body and conducting liquid is to generate the negative cruvature (positive optical power) of+10 diopters or can apply electricity Pressure reaches the positive camber (negative optical power) of at least -30 diopters to generate.In some embodiments, negative optical power Electrowetting device It can produce up at least -10 diopters, at least -20 diopters, at least -30 diopters, at least -40 diopters or at least -50 dioptrics The positive camber (negative optical power) of degree.

Referring now to Fig. 2, it shows and the schematic sectional view of the traditional liquid lens 100 of positive optical power is provided.Traditional liquid Body lens 100 include the first liquid 106 (for example, polar liquid) and the second liquid between roof window 114 and bottom window 116 108 (for example, oil or nonpolar liquids).When light is conducted through roof window 114, and the first liquid for passing through liquid lens 100 106, when second liquid 108 and corresponding interface 110 (referring to Fig. 1) project, since the refractive index of second liquid 108 is greater than first Second refractive index of liquid 106, therefore liquid lens 100 generates positive optical power by voltage increase.Therefore, as shown, Across the light of liquid lens 100 by being focused when interface 110 the first liquid 106 and second liquid 108.

Referring now to Fig. 3, the liquid lens of the offer tilted interface according to some embodiments of present disclosure is shown 100 schematic sectional view.Similar to the structure provided in Fig. 2, liquid lens 100 include positioned at roof window 114 and bottom window 116 it Between the first liquid 106 (for example, polar liquid) and second liquid 108 (for example, oil or nonpolar liquid).Fig. 3 shows liquid Body lens 100 move up and apply voltage so that liquid surface 110 (referring to Fig. 1) inclination is to compensate green light and keep image placed in the middle Embodiment.Due to dispersion, blue light 140 is not it often fully compensated and is left with the slightly positive angle relative to green light. Further, since dispersion, feux rouges 144 is not also it often fully compensated and is left with the slightly negative angle relative to green light.In short, When light is conducted through roof window 114, and the first liquid 106, second liquid 108 and the corresponding interface for passing through liquid lens 100 When 110 projection, as shown, green light and center image are conditioned, but blue light 140 and feux rouges 144 are dispersed.

Fig. 4 is to show to be cut according to the schematic of liquid lens of the offer negative optical power of some embodiments of present disclosure Face figure.Similar to the structure provided in Fig. 2, liquid lens 100 includes the first liquid between roof window 114 and bottom window 116 106 (for example, polar liquids) and second liquid 108 (for example, oil or nonpolar liquid).When light is conducted through roof window 114, and When by the first liquid 106 of liquid lens 100, second liquid 108 and corresponding interface 110 (referring to Fig. 1) projection, due to non- The refractive index of conducting liquid liquid is less than the second refractive index of conducting liquid, therefore liquid lens 100 increases production by voltage Raw negative optical power.Therefore, as shown, pass through the light of liquid lens 100 by the first liquid 106 and second liquid 108 it Between interface 110 when defocus.

Fig. 5 is the curve graph according to the color difference of the positive and negative optical power liquid lens of some embodiments of present disclosure. Use traditional liquid (traditional liquid lens) (solid line position with positive value) and liquid of the invention (liquid of the invention Lens) (by the dashed lines labeled with positive value) blue light and green light between picture altitude separation difference for light colour it is poor.This Outside, when using liquid of the invention, the difference of the picture altitude separation between feux rouges and green light also reduces.When Application Optics is schemed As when stablizing, by using low-refraction non-electrically conductive liquid, the picture altitude separation between the wavelength of this reduction improves (height Reduce) about 50%.Reduced color difference can reduce image and obscure and improve picture quality.

Fig. 6 A-6C is the schematic sectional view according to the liquid shutter of some embodiments of present disclosure.Liquid shutter Including negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices 100, the negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices 100 are included with refractive index Non-electrically conductive liquid；Conducting liquid with the second refractive index；And the dielectric table contacted with conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid Face.Liquid shutter further includes object lens 148, imaging len 156 and is located at negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices 100 and is imaged Barrier structure 152 between lens 156.The refractive index of non-electrically conductive liquid is less than the second refractive index of conducting liquid, and conductive Liquid is unmixing with non-electrically conductive liquid.Referring to Fig. 6 A, when not having voltage to be applied to liquid lens 100, liquid shutter is activated, And light is blocked the blocking of component 152.For example, the light for being blocked the blocking of component 152 can be prevented to be incident on imaging len On 156, imaging len 156 focuses light again image 160 to be incident upon on sensor or other light-receiving components.Referring to figure 6B, liquid shutter are deactivated, and light be defocused and be refracted using negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices 100 with around It crosses barrier structure 152 and projects on imaging len 156, imaging len 156 focuses light again image 160 is incident upon biography On sensor or other light-receiving components.Referring to Fig. 6 C, the image of the shutter (Fig. 6 A) of activation and deactivated shutter (Fig. 6 B) Image is applied to emphasize two kinds of illumination arrangements, illustrates being used in combination for barrier structure 152 and imaging len 156.

Referring still to Fig. 6 A-6C, due in liquid lens 100 conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid all have it is relatively low Refractive index and low dispersion, therefore compared with the traditional liquid lens for using high index oil, the color difference of introducing is shown Writing improves.This aspect is even more important for the application for using liquid lens 100 to carry out optical image stabilization, because it significantly subtracts The aberration introduced during stablizing is lacked.Since the non-electrically conductive liquid that uses in these embodiments has the than conducting liquid The low refractive index of two refractive index, so liquid lens 100 is operated when applying voltage with negative optical power.Negative optical power electrowetting light Learning device realizes the new opplication for needing the focusing beyond infinity (virtual objects).If negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices (negative optical power configuration) can be focused in unlimited far object when applying voltage, then negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices can Voltage by reducing liquid lens focuses at shorter object distance, to work as automatic concentrating element.If negative The secondary optics of object lens 148 shown in optical power liquid lens 100 and such as Fig. 6 A-6C and imaging len 156 etc Coupling, is also used as efficient liquid shutter operation.This efficient liquid shutter has shutter due to not having mechanical part Long-life, thus there is special value.In addition, the switching rate of these liquid shutters can be Millisecond or very fast.One In a little embodiments, liquid shutter has less than 25 milliseconds, less than 20 milliseconds, less than 15 milliseconds, less than 10 milliseconds or less than 5 The switching time of millisecond.The design of negative optical power electrowetting Optical devices may need the smallest electric current and corresponding power to drive Dynamic negative power electrowetting Optical devices；Therefore, during the service life of electrowetting Optical devices, power consumption can be relatively low.

According to some embodiments, electrowetting Optical devices include the voltage source for applying alternating voltage, to change The meniscus formed between conducting liquid and non-electrically conductive liquid, to control the focal length of lens.In some embodiments, electrowetting Optical devices further comprise the driver or similar electronic device for controlling lens, wherein lens and driver or similar Electronic device be integrated in liquid lens.In other embodiments, electrowetting Optical devices may include being combined at least one Multiple lens of a driver or similar electronic device.

Electrowetting Optical devices can be used as variable focal length liquid lens, optical zoom, Ophthalmoligic instrument, there is variable optical axis to incline Oblique device, image stabilizing device, beam deflecting device, variable illumination apparatus and any other optics dress using electrowetting It sets, or as a part of above-mentioned apparatus.In some embodiments, liquid lens/electrowetting Optical devices can be combined Or be mounted in any one or more equipment, for example including camera lens, mobile telephone display, endoscope, remote sensing instrument, dentistry phase Machine, barcode reader, beam deflector, and/or microscope.

In some embodiments, negative power electrowetting Optical devices can be used for front camera.Using negative power electricity In the front camera application of wetting of optical device, low optical power configuration can be used for closely (arm distance), and in longer-range From place, (such as with a distance from self-shooting bar) may need higher negative optical power.It can be obtained using negative power electrowetting Optical devices Obtain the power configuration that high optical power is used using low optical power at closer distance and at relatively long distance.In addition, this negative Reduction or reduced color difference may be implemented in power electrowetting Optical devices.In other embodiments, negative power electrowetting optics Device can be used for switching application, including but not limited to optical fiber, fiber optic communication, electrooptical switching or switching, light logic memory, light Learn interconnection, sensor, optical waveguide and waveguide array interface, built-in optical interface and fellow.