阅读说明：本技术 单摆实验装置及单摆实验方法 (Simple pendulum device and experiment with simple pendulum method ) 是由 黄书畅 于 2019-08-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种单摆实验装置及单摆实验方法,包括顶层滚动装置、摆绳、摆锤和用于测量摆绳长度的支架标尺,所述顶层滚动装置安装在支架标尺的上端,所述支架标尺上位于所述顶层滚动装置的下方设置有用于测量摆绳角度的量角器,所述摆绳连接在所述顶层滚动装置上以通过所述顶层滚动装置调节所述摆绳长度,所述支架标尺上安装有用于检测所述摆绳摆动的检测装置,所述检测装置连接有控制模块。本发明装置本身具有用于调节摆绳长度的滚动装置,用于测量摆绳长度的支架标尺和用于测量摆绳角度的量角器,在实验过程中直接通过装置测量并记录摆绳长度,摆幅大小即可,不需要额外的量角器和刻度线,提高实验效率。(The present invention provides a kind of simple pendulum device and experiment with simple pendulum methods, including top layer tourelle, swing rope, pendulum and bracket scale for measuring swing rope length, the top layer tourelle is mounted on the upper end of bracket scale, it is located at the protractor being provided with below the top layer tourelle for measuring swing rope angle on the bracket scale, the swing rope is connected on the top layer tourelle to adjust the swing rope length by the top layer tourelle, the detection device swung for detecting the swing rope is installed on the bracket scale, the detection device is connected with control module.Apparatus of the present invention itself have the tourelle for adjusting swing rope length, protractor for measuring the bracket scale of swing rope length and for measuring swing rope angle, swing rope length is directly measured and recorded by device during the experiment, amplitude of oscillation size, additional protractor and graduation mark are not needed, conventional efficient is improved.)

1. a kind of simple pendulum device, which is characterized in that including top layer tourelle (1), swing rope (2), pendulum (3) and for surveying The bracket scale (4) of swing rope (2) length is measured, the top layer tourelle (1) is mounted on the upper end of bracket scale (4), the branch It is located at the protractor (5) being provided with below the top layer tourelle (1) for measuring swing rope (2) angle on frame scale (4), The swing rope (2) is connected on the top layer tourelle (1) to adjust the swing rope by the top layer tourelle (1) (2) length is equipped with the detection device (7) for detecting the swing rope (2) swing, the detection on the bracket scale (4) Device (7) is connected with control module.

2. simple pendulum device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bracket scale (4) includes pedestal (41) The scale (42) being uprightly fixed on the pedestal (41) respectively with two, two scales (42) are oppositely arranged and are parallel to each other, The graduation mark for measuring swing rope (2) length is all had on two scales (42).

3. simple pendulum device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the zero graduation of the scale (42) is located at scale (42) upper end, and scale value is gradually increased from top to bottom, is fixed with retaining structure between the zero graduation of two scales (42) (6) to control the swing rope (2) at the zero graduation line of scale (42) as starting point.

4. simple pendulum device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the retaining structure (6) includes being fixed on two Block board (61) between a scale (42) and at scale (42) zero graduation, the protractor (5) are fixed on the detent The lower section of plate (61) has at least one bayonet (62) on the block board (61), and the bottom wall of the bayonet (62) is located at institute At the zero graduation line for stating protractor (5), so that the cycloid being fastened at bayonet (62) is located at protractor (5) in its natural state At zero graduation line.

5. simple pendulum device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that have at least two on the block board (61) At a distance of the bayonet (62) for being not less than (61) 1/2 length of block board, the swing rope (2) is the two-wire swing rope with two cycloids (2), pendulum (3) center of top has threading hole, and the bottom of the two-wire swing rope (2) passes through the threading hole and the pendulum Hammer (3) is connected, and the upper end of two cycloids is connected to the top layer tourelle (1) after being fastened on two bayonets (62) respectively On.

6. simple pendulum device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the top layer tourelle (1) includes adjusting Unit (11) and two mounting plates (12) being oppositely arranged, two mounting plate (12) lower ends are separately fixed at two scales (42) On, the both ends for adjusting unit (11) are connected to the upper end of two mounting plates (12).

7. simple pendulum device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that be respectively provided with installation on two mounting plates (12) Hole (13), the adjusting unit (11) include roller unit (14) and roller bearing (15), and the roller unit (14) includes idler wheel (16) it and is fixed on the idler wheel (16) and along the axis rod (17) of the idler wheel (16) axis direction extension, the idler wheel (16) circumferential to be movably applied at a mounting hole (13), the roller bearing (15) is coated on the axis rod circumferentially fixedly (17) on, the one end of the roller bearing (15) far from the idler wheel (16) is circumferentially movably applied in far from the idler wheel (16) At mounting hole (13).

8. simple pendulum device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the mounting plate (12) is in have transverse slat and erect The L-type structure of plate, the transverse slat are fixed on the scale (42), and the riser is located at the rear of the scale (42) and upward Extend so that the roller bearing (15) is located at the back upper place of the scale (42).

9. simple pendulum device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the control module include controller (8) and It is connected to the display (81) of the controller (8)；The detection device (7) includes photosensitive sensor (71) and laser probe (72), the photosensitive sensor (71) is oppositely arranged on described two scales (42) with the laser probe (72) so that described For swing rope (2) between laser probe (72) and photosensitive sensor (71), the photosensitive sensor (71) and laser probe (72) are equal It is connected to the controller (8).

10. a kind of experimental method of simple pendulum device characterized by comprising

A. the relationship of swing period Yu amplitude of oscillation size is probed into, keeps swing rope length and pendulum weight constant, is changed by protractor Amplitude of oscillation when beginning records the amplitude of oscillation size when swing period tested every time and beginning to carry out many experiments；

B. the relationship of swing period and pendulum weight is probed into, keeps swing rope length and the amplitude of oscillation constant, changes pendulum weight to carry out Many experiments, and record the swing period tested every time and pendulum weight；

C. the relationship of swing period and swing rope length is probed into, keeps pendulum weight and the amplitude of oscillation constant, is adjusted and is put by rotation roller Rope length degree records the swing period tested every time and swing rope length to carry out many experiments；

By the swing of photosensitive sensor induction pendulum in method A, B, C, and felt twice by controller by photosensitive sensor is adjacent Time difference when should pass through to pendulum is recorded as a swing period.

Technical field

The invention belongs to experimental teaching equipment technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of simple pendulum device and experiment with simple pendulum side Method.

Background technique

Experiment with simple pendulum is an important class for junior-senior high school physics teaching, primarily to students is allowed to understand single pendulum swing deeply Relationship between period and various factors, such as the relationship of single pendulum swing period and the amplitude of oscillation；Single pendulum swing period and pendulum weight Relationship；The relationship of single pendulum swing period and swing rope length.

Summary of the invention

Regarding the issue above, the present invention provides a kind of simple pendulum device of included protractor and scale；

It is another object of the present invention in view of the above-mentioned problems, providing a kind of experiment with simple pendulum based on above-mentioned simple pendulum device Method.

In order to achieve the above objectives, present invention employs following technical proposals:

A kind of simple pendulum device, including top layer tourelle, swing rope, pendulum and bracket mark for measuring swing rope length Ruler, the top layer tourelle are mounted on the upper end of bracket scale, are located at the top layer tourelle on the bracket scale Lower section is provided with the protractor for measuring swing rope angle, and the swing rope is connected on the top layer tourelle by described Top layer tourelle adjusts the swing rope length, and the detection dress swung for detecting the swing rope is equipped on the bracket scale It sets, the detection device is connected with control module.

In above-mentioned simple pendulum device, the bracket scale includes that pedestal and two are uprightly fixed on the bottom respectively Scale on seat, two scales are oppositely arranged and are parallel to each other, and the scale for measuring swing rope length is all had on two scales Line.

In above-mentioned simple pendulum device, the zero graduation of the scale is located at the upper end of scale, and scale value is from upper It is gradually increased under and, retaining structure is fixed between the zero graduation of two scales to control the swing rope in the zero graduation line of scale Place is starting point.

In above-mentioned simple pendulum device, the retaining structure includes being fixed between two scales and being located at scale zero Block board at scale, the protractor are fixed on the lower section of the block board, have at least one bayonet on the block board, And the bottom wall of the bayonet is located at the zero graduation line of the protractor, so that the cycloid being fastened at bayonet is in its natural state At the zero graduation line of protractor.

Have at least two to be apart not less than the length of block board 1/2 in above-mentioned simple pendulum device, on the block board The bayonet of degree, the swing rope are the two-wire swing rope with two cycloids, and the pendulum center of top has threading hole, described double The bottom of string pendulum rope is connected by the threading hole with the pendulum, after the upper end of two cycloids is fastened on two bayonets respectively It is connected on the top layer tourelle.

In above-mentioned simple pendulum device, the top layer tourelle includes adjusting unit and two peaces being oppositely arranged Loading board, two mounting plate lower ends are separately fixed on two scales, and the both ends for adjusting unit are connected to two installations The upper end of plate.

In above-mentioned simple pendulum device, mounting hole is respectively provided on two mounting plates, the adjusting unit includes rolling Unit and roller bearing are taken turns, the roller unit includes idler wheel and is fixed on the idler wheel and extends along the roller axis direction Axis rod, the idler wheel are circumferentially movably applied at a mounting hole, and the roller bearing is coated on the axis circumferentially fixedly On core bar, the one end of the roller bearing far from the idler wheel is circumferentially movably applied at the mounting hole far from the idler wheel.

In above-mentioned simple pendulum device, the mounting plate is in the L-type structure with transverse slat and riser, and the transverse slat is solid It is scheduled on the scale, the riser is located at the rear of the scale and upwardly extends so that the roller bearing is located at the scale Back upper place.

In above-mentioned simple pendulum device, the control module includes controller and the display for being connected to the controller Device；The detection device includes photosensitive sensor and laser probe, and the photosensitive sensor is oppositely arranged with the laser probe So that the swing rope is between laser probe and photosensitive sensor on described two scales, the photosensitive sensor and laser are visited Head is all connected to the controller.

A kind of experimental method of simple pendulum device, comprising:

A. the relationship of swing period Yu amplitude of oscillation size is probed into, keeps swing rope length and pendulum weight constant, passes through protractor Change amplitude of oscillation when starting to carry out many experiments, and records the amplitude of oscillation size when swing period tested every time and beginning；

B. probe into the relationship of swing period and pendulum weight, keep swing rope length and the amplitude of oscillation constant, change pendulum weight with Many experiments are carried out, and record the swing period tested every time and pendulum weight；

C. the relationship of swing period and swing rope length is probed into, keeps pendulum weight and the amplitude of oscillation constant, passes through rotation roller tune Section swing rope length records the swing period tested every time and swing rope length to carry out many experiments；

By the swing of photosensitive sensor induction pendulum in method A, B, C, and by controller by photosensitive sensor adjacent two The secondary time difference sensed when pendulum passes through is recorded as a swing period.

The present invention has the advantages that 1, protractor and graduated scale be integrated on experimental provision, during the experiment directly Amplitude of oscillation measurement and angle measurement are carried out, it is convenient to use, improve conventional efficient；2, long using top layer tourelle adjusting swing rope Degree, has many advantages, such as easy to adjust simple；3, guarantee that swing rope top is located at the zero graduation line of scale by block board, make simultaneously Swing rope is located in its natural state at the zero graduation line of protractor, guarantees experimental precision；4, by detection device to the pendulum of swing rope It is dynamic to be detected, stringent artificial counting and observation are not needed, experimenter's burden is mitigated.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of simple pendulum device of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of protractor of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the enlarged drawing of part A in Fig. 1 of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of axis rod of the present invention；

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of roller bearing of the present invention；

Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of block board of the present invention；

Fig. 7 is the connection schematic diagram of detection device and control module of the present invention.

Appended drawing reference: top layer tourelle 1；Adjust unit 11；Mounting plate 12；Mounting hole 13；Roller unit 14；Roller bearing 15；Idler wheel 16；Axis rod 17；Rectangle axis hole 18；Swing rope 2；Pendulum 3；Bracket scale 4；Pedestal 41；Scale 42；Protractor 5；Card Bit architecture 6；Block board 61；Bayonet 62；Detection device 7；Photosensitive sensor 71；Laser probe 72；Controller 8；Display 81.

Specific embodiment

The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.

As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment discloses a kind of simple pendulum device, including top layer tourelle 1, swing rope 2, pendulum 3 and the bracket scale 4 for measuring 2 length of swing rope.Bracket scale 4 includes that pedestal 41 and two are uprightly fixed on the bottom respectively Scale 42 on seat 41, two scales 42 are oppositely arranged and are parallel to each other, and all have on two scales 42 long for measuring swing rope 2 The graduation mark of degree, pendulum 3 are located between two scales 42 and are swung on the vertical line direction of two 42 connecting lines of scale Experiment.

Top layer tourelle 1 is mounted on the upper end of bracket scale 4, is located at the top layer on the bracket scale 4 and rolls dress The lower section for setting 1 is provided with protractor 5 for measuring 2 angle of swing rope, and the swing rope 2 is connected on the top layer tourelle 1 To adjust 2 length of swing rope by the top layer tourelle 1.As shown in Fig. 2, the graduation mark of protractor 5 is from intermediate bottom end Increase to above both sides, zero graduation is located at the bottom middle of protractor 5, when nature, swing rope 2 in protractor 5 zero At graduation mark, protractor 5 is used to control amplitude of oscillation size when starting.

As shown in figure 3, top layer tourelle 1 includes adjusting unit 11 and two mounting plates 12 being oppositely arranged, two peaces 12 lower end of loading board is separately fixed at two 42 outside portions of scale, and the both ends for adjusting unit 11 are connected to two mounting plates 12 upper end, and the top of the mounting plate is higher than the top of scale 42 and makes the adjusting unit being mounted on the mounting plate 12 11 are located at the top of scale 42.

Specifically, mounting hole 13 is respectively provided on two mounting plates 12, the adjusting unit 11 includes 14 He of roller unit Roller bearing 15, the roller unit 14 include the idler wheel 16 of circular in cross-section and are fixed on the idler wheel 16 and along the idler wheel The axis rod 17 that 16 axis directions extend, the idler wheel 16 is circumferential to be movably applied at a mounting hole 13.Such as Fig. 4 institute Show, the cross section of axis rod 17 is in rectangle, and axis rod 17 is wholely set with idler wheel 16, or is connected through a screw thread the/side of snapping connection Formula is fixed on 16 on idler wheel, and has the through-hole for installing roller bearing 15 on axis rod 17.As shown in figure 5, roller bearing 15 has axis To extension and rectangle axis hole 18 compatible with axis rod 17, roller bearing 15 is coated on axle center by rectangle axis hole 18 circumferentially fixedly On bar 17, there is via hole compatible with through-hole on roller bearing 15, by using screw rod by via hole and through-hole connect one to one with Roller bearing 15 is steadily coated on axis rod 17.The one end of roller bearing 15 far from idler wheel 16 is circumferentially movably applied in far from institute It states at the mounting hole 13 of idler wheel 16, experimenter adjusts 2 length of swing rope by rotation roller 16, and the upper end coiling of swing rope 2 is being rolled On axis 15, roller bearing 15 can select the biggish axle sleeve of frictional force, such as rubber sleeve etc.；In addition, in order to make swing rope 2 on roller bearing 15 Stabilization, avoid swing rope 2 from appearing in slipping phenomenon on roller bearing 15 in longest, can also be opened up on roller bearing 15 here Hole makes swing rope 2 pass through via hole and is fixed at via hole.Certainly, those skilled in the art can avoid swing rope 2 using other means Slipping phenomenon on roller bearing 15.

Further, mounting plate 12 is in the L-type structure with transverse slat and riser, and the transverse slat is fixed on the scale 42 On, the riser is located at the rear of the scale 42 and extends upwardly to 42 top of scale, and mounting hole 13 is provided with riser and is located at The position of 42 or more scale is so that the roller bearing 15 is located at the scale 42, the i.e. back upper place of block board 61, so that swing rope 2 is more It is closely fastened at the bottom wall of 61 bayonet 62 of block board.

Further, the zero graduation of scale 42 is located at the upper end of scale 42, and scale value is gradually increased from top to bottom, and two Retaining structure 6 is fixed between the zero graduation of a scale 42 to control the swing rope 2 at the zero graduation line of scale 42 as starting point.

Specifically, retaining structure 6 includes being fixed on the block board between two scales 42 and being located at 42 zero graduation of scale 61, the both ends of block board 61 can have threaded hole and are fixed between two scales 42 in a manner of being connected through a screw thread.Correspondingly, Have multiple threaded holes for installing all parts on scale 42.

Further, protractor 5 is fixed on the lower section of block board 61, also has threaded hole to pass through bolt on protractor 5 Connection type is fixed on scale 42, has at least one bayonet 62 on block board 61, and the bottom wall of the bayonet 62 is located at institute It states at the zero graduation line of protractor 5, so that the cycloid being fastened at bayonet 62 is located at the zero graduation of protractor 5 in its natural state At line.

Preferably, apart it is not less than the bayonet 62 of 611/2 length of block board on block board 61 at least two, it is described Swing rope 2 is the two-wire swing rope 2 with two cycloids, and 3 center of top of pendulum has threading hole, the bottom of the two-wire swing rope 2 Portion is connected by the threading hole with the pendulum 3, and the upper end of two cycloids is connected to after being fastened on two bayonets 62 respectively On the top layer tourelle 1.Since two bayonets 62 have a certain distance, so two cycloids are in certain angle between each other Degree separates.Conical pendu0 can be prevented by the way of two-wire swing rope 2, improve experiment accuracy rate.As shown in fig. 6, this implementation There are multiple buckles 62 on the block board 61 of example.

Further, as shown in fig. 7, being equipped with the detection device 7 swung for detecting the swing rope 2 on bracket scale 4, The detection device 7 is connected with control module.Control module includes controller 8 and the display 81 for being connected to the controller 8； The detection device 7 includes photosensitive sensor 71 and laser probe 72, the photosensitive sensor 71 and 72 phase of laser probe It is described photosensitive to being arranged on described two scales 42 so that the swing rope 2 is between laser probe 72 and photosensitive sensor 71 Sensor 71 connects the simulation input pin of controller, and laser probe 72 is connected to power supply output/pulse output of controller " 5V " and " GND " pin mouth, laser probe are powered by controller.Under normal condition, laser probe 72 emits laser to photosensitive biography Sensor 71, controller 8 receive the photosensitive value of photosensitive sensor 71, when pendulum can cut light during the swing, then cutting Moment, photosensitive sensor 71 export photosensitive value can change more under normal circumstances, record time t1 at this time, then when When pendulum cuts light again, time t2 is re-recorded, the record time is shown by display 81, and t2-t1 as pendulum swings primary Period, t2-t1 step can by controller calculate export, naturally it is also possible to voluntarily calculated by experimenter, utilize controller 8 go here and there Mouth function records the period swung each time respectively, in order to which experimenter probes into the pass of swing period and the amplitude of oscillation, pendulum, pendulum length System.

Further, there is the axial cabling channel in 42 middle part of scale, controller 8 is placed on pedestal 41,41 remaining light of controller Connecting line between dependent sensor 71 and laser probe 72 is embedded respectively in the axial cabling channel of respective corresponding scale 42.

Include: using the method that the simple pendulum device of the present embodiment is tested

A. the relationship of swing period Yu amplitude of oscillation size is probed into, keeps swing rope length and pendulum weight constant, passes through protractor Change amplitude of oscillation when starting to carry out many experiments, and records the amplitude of oscillation size when swing period tested every time and beginning；It is logical The step is crossed it can be concluded that experiment conclusion: for the same single pendulum, during the swing, swing period is related with the amplitude of oscillation for pendulum, The amplitude of oscillation is bigger, and the period is bigger, and the variation of swing period is very small within 10 ° of the amplitude of oscillation.

B. probe into the relationship of swing period and pendulum weight, keep swing rope length and the amplitude of oscillation constant, change pendulum weight with Many experiments are carried out, and record the swing period tested every time and pendulum weight；This step experiment conclusion: to the same single pendulum Speech, during the swing, pendulum weight does not influence or influences on period of single pendulum very small single pendulum.

C. the relationship of swing period and swing rope length is probed into, keeps pendulum weight and the amplitude of oscillation constant, passes through rotation roller tune Section swing rope length records the swing period tested every time and swing rope length to carry out many experiments；This step experiment conclusion: right For the same single pendulum, during the swing, swing period is related with swing rope length for single pendulum, and swing rope is longer, and swing period is longer.

Further, by the swing of photosensitive sensor induction pendulum in method A, B, C, and by controller by light sensor The device adjacent time difference sensed when pendulum passes through twice is recorded as a swing period.

Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.The neck of technology belonging to the present invention The technical staff in domain can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or replace by a similar method In generation, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.

Although top layer tourelle 1 is used more herein；Adjust unit 11；Mounting plate 12；Mounting hole 13；Idler wheel list Member 14；Roller bearing 15；Idler wheel 16；Swing rope 2；Pendulum 3；Bracket scale 4；Pedestal 41；Scale 42；Axial cabling channel 43；Protractor 5； Retaining structure 6；Block board 61；Bayonet 62；Detection device 7；Photosensitive sensor 71；Laser probe 72；The terms such as controller 8, but It does not exclude the possibility of using other terms.It is of the invention the use of these items is only for being more convenient to describe and explain Essence；Being construed as any additional limitation is disagreed with spirit of that invention.