阅读说明：本技术 基于射线与物质相互作用的辐射防护材料及其制备方法 (Radiation protection material and preparation method thereof based on ray and matter interaction ) 是由 梁斌 杨敏 王晓波 谷建军 刘清 于 2019-08-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及辐射防护技术领域,尤其是基于射线与物质相互作用的辐射防护材料。包括顺序叠加分布且分别以成丝聚合物为主要组成成分的含重金属填料无纺布、不含填料无纺布、低含硼量填料无纺布、高含硼量填料无纺布和含铅填料无纺布；成丝聚合物包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯和聚酰胺中的任意一种基体及均匀弥散于基体中的重核元素微粒或含锂元素的化合物或含硼元素的化合物。本发明基于射线与物质相互作用的原理,通过对金属材料和非金属材料的复合及金属含量的控制,不但具有热中子、中能中子和X、γ射线屏蔽防护的功能,而且能够有效吸收中子并保证γ射线后无二次辐射产生；其质地柔软、屏蔽效率高,具有很强的实用价值。(The present invention relates to radiation protection technique fields, are based especially on the radiation protection material of ray and matter interaction.It is distributed including laminated structure and respectively using filament-forming polymeric as the filler containing heavy metal of main constituents non-woven fabrics, without filler non-woven fabrics, low boron content filler non-woven fabrics, high boric amount filler non-woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics containing lead stuffing；Filament-forming polymeric includes the heavy nucleus elementary particle of any one matrix and even dispersion in matrix in polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester and polyamide or the compound containing elemental lithium or the compound containing boron element.The present invention is based on the principles of ray and matter interaction, pass through compound and tenor the control to metal material and nonmetallic materials, not only have the function of thermal neutron, intermediate neutron and X, gamma ray shielding protection, and can effectively absorb neutron and be generated after guaranteeing gamma-rays without secondary radiation；Its is soft, shield effectiveness is high, has very strong practical value.)

1. the radiation protection material based on ray and matter interaction, it is characterised in that: it includes laminated structure distribution and divides Not using filament-forming polymeric as the filler containing heavy metal of main constituents non-woven fabrics, without filler non-woven fabrics, low boron content filler Non-woven fabrics, high boric amount filler non-woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics containing lead stuffing；

The filament-forming polymeric include any one matrix in polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester and polyamide and even dispersion in Heavy nucleus elementary particle in matrix or the compound containing elemental lithium or the compound containing boron element.

2. radiation protection material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the heavy nucleus elementary particle be partial size 1 μm with Under -10 isotope particle of -6 isotope particle of lithium or boron.

3. radiation protection material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the compound containing elemental lithium be lithium fluoride, One of lithium bromide, lithium hydroxide.

4. radiation protection material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the compound containing boron element be boron oxide, One of boric acid or boron carbide.

5. radiation protection material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the filament-forming polymeric further includes for by heavy nucleus Elementary particle or the compound containing elemental lithium or surfactant of the compound even dispersion in matrix containing boron element and steady Determine agent.

6. radiation protection material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: it counts in mass ratio,

Heavy metal compound of the non-woven fabrics of filler containing heavy metal by 60%-85%, adhesive, the 0.3%- of 1%-3% 0.7% antioxidant and the filament-forming polymeric composition of 11.3%-38.7%；

It is described to be made of without filler non-woven fabrics the antioxidant of 0.3%-0.7% and the filament-forming polymeric of 99.3%-99.7%；

The low boron content filler non-woven fabrics is by the boron compound of 5%-30%, the adhesive of 1%-3%, 0.3%-0.7% The filament-forming polymeric of antioxidant and 66.3%-93.7% composition；

The high boric amount filler non-woven fabrics is by the boron compound of 50%-70%, the adhesive of 1%-3%, 0.3%-0.7% The filament-forming polymeric of antioxidant and 26.3%-48.7% composition；

The non-woven fabrics containing lead stuffing by the lead compound of 60%-90%, the adhesive of 1%-3%, 0.3%-0.7% antioxygen The filament-forming polymeric of agent and 6.3%-38.7% composition.

7. radiation protection material as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that:

The heavy metal compound is barium carbonate, lead acetate, plumbous plumbate, lead octoate, bismuth oxide, bismuth hydroxide, five oxidations Any one of two bismuths or two kinds；

The antioxidant is at least one of amine antioxidants, phenol kind antioxidant；

Described adhesive is one of polyurethanes, acrylic compounds, epoxy resin or a variety of.

8. the method for preparing radiation protection material as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: prepared respectively using Same Way The step of the non-woven fabrics of filler containing heavy metal, low boron content filler non-woven fabrics, high boric amount filler non-woven fabrics and the non-woven fabrics containing lead stuffing Suddenly, the method step includes:

S1, melt-blown: being uniformly mixed after being first sliced filament-forming polymeric with antioxidant, and it is molten then to feed heating in screw extruder Melt, melted material is finally made to be extruded to form two layers of fibre web respectively via two meltblowing dies；

S2, spraying: functional stuffing and adhesive are added in stirred tank and are uniformly mixed first, is then fed the mixture into Spray mixture by the spray head of spray equipment by spraying process in the barrel of spray equipment, to form functional stuffing Layer；

It is S3, compound: successively compound one layer of fibre web, functional stuffing layer and another layer of fibre web on solidifying lace curtaining, then by drying Dry, calendering, trimming wind to form the non-woven fabrics containing functional stuffing；

Wherein, functional stuffing is heavy metal compound or boron compound or lead compound, and the average grain diameter of functional stuffing is 1 μ m-10μm。

9. preparation method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that:

The technological parameter of the melt-blown are as follows: extrusion output 0.7g/min, primary air stream pressure are 0.35MPa, secondary air flow pressure is 0.15MPa, receiving distance is 850mm；

The technological parameter of the spraying are as follows: upper liquid measure is 500-800ml/min, air pressure 0.3-0.7MPa, spray head spray The diameter of mouth is 10cm, nozzle away from cloth cover distance is 15cm, the number that spray gun is round-trip is 30-120 times/min, mixing time is 20-30min。

Technical field

The present invention relates to radiation protection technique fields, are based especially on the radiation protection material of ray and matter interaction And preparation method thereof.

Background technique

From the point of view of the interaction of ray and substance, the radiation screening effect of material is influenced by various factors, is such as penetrated Type and energy size, the composition of substance and structure of line etc., what the material and ray of different components and pattern generated Interaction and effect are completely different.

By taking neutron irradiation as an example, since neutron is not charged, there are mainly two types of forms with matter interaction, it may be assumed that in fast The totalization particle or gamma-rays of scattering and the deceleration, the absorption of slow neutron and secondary release of son.Currently, being directed to neutron irradiation and setting The radiation protection material of meter mainly has Boron-containing-PE plate, boron-loaded rubber and boracic or lithium fabric etc. several.Wherein, boracic Polyethylene board greatly reduces the flexibility and comfort of material as shielding material；Density of hydrogen atoms in boron-loaded rubber is low, It is unfavorable to the slowing down of neutron, and rubber-like material easily occur bonding, flexibility is poor, reduces snugness of fit；Boracic or lithium Although the compound fabric of element has the characteristics that softness, using the fiber of ionic exchange fibre technology preparation due to inhaling The content of the limitation of attached amount, boron and elemental lithium is lower, fastness is poor, shield effectiveness is low；And with compound fibre made of melt spinning Dimension causes its shield effectiveness low since sandwich layer radiation shield substance content is no more than 60% (w%).

Existing theoretical research and practical application show that the shielding protection for neutron irradiation is actually to need in fast Son slows down and absorbs to slow neutron.And all existing radiation protection materials as the aforementioned mainly or for fast neutron shielding are set Meter, it is very low to the shield effectiveness of intermediate neutron, and X, gamma-rays and the secondary generation gamma-rays in mixing field are not carried out Shielding.However, actual radiation field is usually mixing field, and the spectral distribution of neutron irradiation is very wide, and average energy all exists 0.2MeV or more.Such as in research heavy water reactor factory, neutron field energy is between 11keV-201keV, in thermal neutron, middle energy The mean dose equiv portions of son and fast neutron are respectively 20.6%, 21.0% and 58.4%, and neutron and neutron absorber material The higher secondary gamma Rays of energy are generated after effect.

It is mostly there was only a kind of ray in view of places such as nuclear weapon, nuclear submarine, nuclear power station, nuclear facilities, also tends to It is multipotency amount or the complicated radiation mixing field that multicomponent ray is constituted, very overall situation will receive using protection effect when homogenous material Limit.Therefore, how nonmetallic materials and metal material are combined with each other and meet alpha ray shield protection requirements, be to face in the industry One of critical issue.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiency of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide be based on ray and matter interaction Radiation protection material and preparation method thereof.

To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

Radiation protection material based on ray and matter interaction, it includes that laminated structure is distributed and respectively with Cheng Siju Conjunction object is the non-woven fabrics of filler containing heavy metal of main constituents, is free of filler non-woven fabrics, low boron content filler non-woven fabrics, Gao Han Boron amount filler non-woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics containing lead stuffing；

The filament-forming polymeric includes any one matrix in polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester and polyamide and uniformly more Dissipate the heavy nucleus elementary particle in matrix or the compound containing elemental lithium or the compound containing boron element.

Preferably, the heavy nucleus elementary particle is that partial size is micro- in 1 μm of -6 isotope particle of lithium or -10 isotope of boron below Grain.

Preferably, the compound containing elemental lithium is one of lithium fluoride, lithium bromide, lithium hydroxide.

Preferably, the compound containing boron element is one of boron oxide, boric acid or boron carbide.

Preferably, the filament-forming polymeric further includes for by heavy nucleus elementary particle or compound or boracic containing elemental lithium Surfactant and stabilizer of the compound even dispersion of element in matrix.

Preferably, it counts in mass ratio,

The non-woven fabrics of filler containing heavy metal by 60%-85% heavy metal compound, the adhesive of 1%-3%, The antioxidant of 0.3%-0.7% and the filament-forming polymeric composition of 11.3%-38.7%；

The filler non-woven fabrics that is free of is by the antioxidant of 0.3%-0.7% and the filament-forming polymeric group of 99.3%-99.7% At；

The low boron content filler non-woven fabrics is by the boron compound of 5%-30%, the adhesive of 1%-3%, 0.3%- 0.7% antioxidant and the filament-forming polymeric composition of 66.3%-93.7%；

The high boric amount filler non-woven fabrics is by the boron compound of 50%-70%, the adhesive of 1%-3%, 0.3%- 0.7% antioxidant and the filament-forming polymeric composition of 26.3%-48.7%；

The non-woven fabrics containing lead stuffing is by the lead compound of 60%-90%, the adhesive of 1%-3%, 0.3%-0.7% The filament-forming polymeric of antioxidant and 6.3%-38.7% composition.

Preferably, the heavy metal compound is barium carbonate, lead acetate, plumbous plumbate, lead octoate, bismuth oxide, hydrogen-oxygen Change any one of bismuth, bismuthic oxide or two kinds；

The antioxidant is at least one of amine antioxidants, phenol kind antioxidant；

Described adhesive is one of polyurethanes, acrylic compounds, epoxy resin or a variety of.

The method for preparing above-mentioned radiation protection material, prepared respectively using Same Way the non-woven fabrics of filler containing heavy metal, The step of low boron content filler non-woven fabrics, high boric amount filler non-woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics containing lead stuffing, the method step includes:

S1, melt-blown: being uniformly mixed after being first sliced filament-forming polymeric with antioxidant, then feeds in screw extruder and adds Heat fusing finally makes melted material be extruded to form two layers of fibre web respectively via two meltblowing dies；

S2, spraying: functional stuffing and adhesive are added in stirred tank and are uniformly mixed first, then by mixture It is added in the barrel of spray equipment spray mixture by the spray head of spray equipment by spraying process, is filled out with forming function The bed of material；

S3, compound: then successively compound one layer of fibre web, functional stuffing layer and another layer of fibre web on solidifying lace curtaining pass through Cross drying, calendering, trimming wind to form the non-woven fabrics containing functional stuffing；

Wherein, functional stuffing is heavy metal compound or boron compound or lead compound, and the average grain diameter of functional stuffing It is 1 μm -10 μm.

Preferably, the technological parameter of the melt-blown are as follows: extrusion output 0.7g/min, primary air stream pressure are 0.35MPa, second level Stream pressure is 0.15MPa, and receiving distance is 850mm；

The technological parameter of the spraying are as follows: upper liquid measure is 500-800ml/min, air pressure 0.3-0.7MPa, sprays The diameter of head nozzle is 10cm, nozzle away from cloth cover distance is 15cm, the number that spray gun is round-trip is 30-120 times/min, mixing time For 20-30min.

As the above scheme is adopted, the coordination that the present invention is matched by the control to functional particles content, functional particles, It is not only high to the shield effectiveness of neutron and by the processing of the techniques such as melt-blown, spraying, drying, calendering, trimming winding, but also χ, gamma-rays in mixing field can be shielded, be generated after absorbing neutron and gamma-rays without secondary radiation；Be not only able to for The removing improvement of monitoring, the nuclear pollution of military area nuclear radiation environment, core military project laboratory, that is, nuclear submarine etc. relate to core operation offer Safety guarantee, and for the NEUTRON PROTECTION of the nuclear defence of new type tank, battlebus occupant and chemical defense force officers and men, nuclear weapon underground Staff's protection is built in tunneling operation protection, national defence naval vessel, nuclear facilities operating organization, nuclear technology utilize unit, uranium (thorium) mine It develops and uses unit etc. with concomitant radioactivity mine and can also protect and play the role of good safety guarantee.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the used production line schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the test effect pattern of the embodiment of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention can be defined by the claims Implement with the multitude of different ways of covering.

Radiation protection material provided in this embodiment based on ray and matter interaction, it includes:

The non-woven fabrics of filler containing heavy metal is mainly used for making the neutron of high-energy and heavy metal atom core that inelastic scattering occur And off-energy, so that intermediate neutron energy be made to be rapidly decreased to inelastically scattered threshold value, and shielding X, γ are played simultaneously and is penetrated The effect of line；

Without filler non-woven fabrics, mainly utilizes and inelastic scattering occurs containing the more compound of protium and neutron, with Neutron energy is set to be further decreased to thermal energy range；

Low boron content filler non-woven fabrics is mainly used for reducing neutron energy and absorbs thermal neutron simultaneously；

High boric amount filler non-woven fabrics mainly utilizes boron element big to thermal neutron absorption cross section and capture energy of γ ray Low feature is made further to absorb to thermal neutron；

With

Non-woven fabrics containing lead stuffing is mainly used for shielding primary and secondary gamma-rays；

Wherein, the non-woven fabrics of filler containing heavy metal, fill out without filler non-woven fabrics, low boron content filler non-woven fabrics, high boric amount Expect non-woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics containing lead stuffing respectively using filament-forming polymeric as main constituents and each other from outside to inside in suitable Sequence stacked system is distributed layer by layer, and filament-forming polymeric is then with any one in polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester and polyamide Kind is matrix, by uniformly adding heavy nucleus elementary particle, the compound containing elemental lithium in the base or containing the compound of boron element The polymer constituted afterwards.

As a result, by being superposed inside and outside carrying out the non-woven fabrics containing different fillers, it can not only be formed and neutron is played Shielding and the radiation protection material that X, gamma-rays and secondary gamma-rays are shielded simultaneously comprehensively, and material softness itself, Comfortably, shield effectiveness is high；Meanwhile also may be used by heavy nucleus elementary particle, lithium-containing compound, the boron-containing compound etc. in each non-woven fabrics Realize effective absorption to slow neutron.Wherein, Fig. 2 shows the test effect patterns of the present embodiment radiation protection material.

Preferably, the heavy nucleus elementary particle preferable particle size of the present embodiment is in 1 μm of -6 isotope particle of lithium below Or -10 isotope particle of boron.One of compound preferred fluorinated lithium, lithium bromide, lithium hydroxide containing elemental lithium.Containing boron element One of the preferred boron oxide of compound, boric acid or boron carbide.

To enable heavy nucleus elementary particle, the compound containing elemental lithium or the compound containing boron element to be dispersed in into In the matrix of silk polymer, while energy is equably shifted, the filament-forming polymeric of the present embodiment further includes surfactant and steady Determine agent.

In the specific implementation, preferably, each layer non-woven fabrics of the present embodiment can press following components and quality respectively It is prepared than being combined, it may be assumed that

Heavy metal compound of the non-woven fabrics of filler containing heavy metal by 60%-85%, adhesive, the 0.3%- of 1%-3% 0.7% antioxidant and the filament-forming polymeric composition of 11.3%-38.7%；

It is made of without filler non-woven fabrics the antioxidant of 0.3%-0.7% and the filament-forming polymeric of 99.3%-99.7%；

Low boron content filler non-woven fabrics is by the boron compound of 5%-30%, the adhesive of 1%-3%, 0.3%-0.7% The filament-forming polymeric of antioxidant and 66.3%-93.7% composition；

High boric amount filler non-woven fabrics is by the boron compound of 50%-70%, the adhesive of 1%-3%, 0.3%-0.7% The filament-forming polymeric of antioxidant and 26.3%-48.7% composition；

Non-woven fabrics containing lead stuffing by the lead compound of 60%-90%, the adhesive of 1%-3%, 0.3%-0.7% antioxygen The filament-forming polymeric of agent and 6.3%-38.7% composition.

Wherein, antioxidant is at least one of amine antioxidants, phenol kind antioxidant；Adhesive is polyurethanes, third One of olefin(e) acid class, epoxy resin are a variety of.Heavy metal compound is barium carbonate, lead acetate, plumbous plumbate, octanoic acid Any one of lead, bismuth oxide, bismuth hydroxide, bismuthic oxide or two kinds.

Based on above-mentioned material, the present embodiment additionally provides the method for being used to prepare above-mentioned radiation protection material, that is, uses Same Way and process equipment (production line as shown in Figure 1) prepare the non-woven fabrics of filler containing heavy metal, low boron content respectively The step of filler non-woven fabrics, high boric amount filler non-woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics containing lead stuffing, comprising:

S1, melt-blown: being uniformly mixed after being first sliced filament-forming polymeric with antioxidant, then feeds in screw extruder A Heating melting squeezes out melted material respectively via two meltblowing dies (that is: spinning head 1 and spinning head 2), to be formed Two layers of fibre web；Wherein, the technological parameter of melt-blown are as follows: extrusion output 0.7g/min, primary air stream pressure are 0.35MPa, secondary air flow Pressure is 0.15MPa, and receiving distance is 850mm

S2, spraying: by functional stuffing, (that is: average grain diameter is 1 μm -10 μm of heavy metal compound or boron compound first Or lead compound) and adhesive be added stirred tank in and be uniformly mixed, then feed the mixture into the barrel of spray equipment In spray mixture by the spray head 3 of spray equipment by spraying process, to form corresponding functional stuffing layer；Wherein, The technological parameter of spraying are as follows: upper liquid measure is 500-800ml/min, the diameter of air pressure 0.3-0.7MPa, 1 nozzle of spray head For 10cm, nozzle away from cloth cover distance be 15cm, the number that spray gun is round-trip is 30-120 times/min, mixing time 20-30min；

S3, compound: then successively compound one layer of fibre web, functional stuffing layer and another layer of fibre web on solidifying lace curtaining pass through Cross drying, calendering, trimming winding can form the non-woven fabrics of the filler containing corresponding function.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all utilizations Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by description of the invention and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other correlations Technical field, be included within the scope of the present invention.