阅读说明：本技术 一种用于大规模电池组的可重构多单体电池拓扑和重构算法 (A kind of restructural more single battery topologys and restructing algorithm for extensive battery pack ) 是由 朱钰 张武洋 于同伟 邵宝珠 洪鹤 郎斌 张永辉 程俊 丁隆耀 徐茂达 于 2019-05-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于电池均衡技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于大规模电池组的可重构多单体电池拓扑和重构算法。本发明中电路拓扑包括每个电池单体均由四个开关控制,除了最右端的那个电池单体之外；电路中的每个电池单体都能够被配置成三种不同的结构,分别为串联、并联或旁路。在这个结构中,先将几个电池单体并联组成模块,然后再将几个模块串联起来组成电池组；在这种配置方式下,模块内的电池单体之间自动均衡,然后再实现模块之间的均衡。本发明能够提供稳定的输出电压；自动切除故障的电池单体,提高电池组的可靠性和安全性；最大程度地利用所有电池单体的容量,减少储能系统所需要的备用容量；另外,电池组内的各个电池单体能够实现主动均衡。(The invention belongs to technical field of battery balancing more particularly to a kind of restructural more single battery topologys and restructing algorithm for extensive battery pack.Circuit topology includes each battery cell by four switch controls in the present invention, other than that battery cell of right end；Each battery cell in circuit can be configured to three kinds of different structures, respectively series, parallel or bypass.In this structure, several battery cells are first composed in parallel into module, then again several block coupled in series gets up to form battery pack；In this configuration mode, then automatic equalization between the battery cell in module realizes the equilibrium between module again.The present invention is capable of providing stable output voltage；The battery cell of automatic excision failure, improves the reliability and safety of battery pack；The capacity for farthest utilizing all battery cells, reduces spare capacity required for energy-storage system；In addition, each battery cell in battery pack can be realized active equalization.)

1. a kind of restructural more single battery topologys for extensive battery pack, it is characterized in that: wherein circuit topology includes:

Each battery cell is by switch control；Each battery cell in circuit can be configured to different structures, point It Wei not series, parallel or bypass.

2. a kind of restructural more single battery reconstruct for extensive battery pack of battery topology based on claim 1 are calculated Method, it is characterized in that: the following steps are included:

Step 1: determining the least battery cell number of each module；

Step 2: determining the battery cell number that can be continued to use in battery pack；

Step 3: determining module number；

Step 4: determining all possible configuration according to steps 1 and 2 and 3, therefrom chosen based on the objective function proposed optimal Configuration.

3. a kind of restructural more single battery restructing algorithms for extensive battery pack according to claim 2, special Sign is: determining that each least battery cell number of module is the volume according to load current and each battery cell in the step 1 Constant current determines that the battery cell number of each module has a minimum limitation.

4. a kind of restructural more single battery restructing algorithms for extensive battery pack according to claim 2, special Sign is: the battery cell number that determination can continue to use in the step 2, is to subtract failure with total battery cell number and electricity is low In the battery cell number of given threshold, specifically: by the fault detection and management system of battery pack, look for out of order and electricity It is bypassed lower than the single battery of given threshold, and by the effect of switch matrix, it is determined that other to can continue to normal work The number of the battery cell of work.

5. a kind of restructural more single battery restructing algorithms for extensive battery pack according to claim 2, special Sign is: determining module number in the step 3, is to pass throughIt is determining, wherein V_TIt is desired output voltage, V_AIt is institute Have can continue to using battery cell average voltage, oepratorThe smallest positive integral bigger than own is sought in expression.

6. a kind of restructural more single battery restructing algorithms for extensive battery pack according to claim 2, special Sign is: optimal configuration is chosen in the step 4, wherein the objective function is realized by formula (3):

Battery pack is made of the battery cell that n intact rated capacities are C, and the state-of-charge of battery cell is respectively SOC₁, SOC₂..., SOC_n, end voltage is respectively V₁, V₂..., V_n；The battery cell number of N number of module is respectively n₁, n₂..., n_N, Ge Gemo The residual capacity C of block₁, C₂..., C_NIt indicates are as follows:

It realizes balanced using the objective function being shown below:

min{var(C₁,C₂,…,C_N)} (2)

In above formula (2): variance is sought in var expression, and min expression is minimized；

Reflect the requirement for individual module remaining capacity, finally determining objective function is shown below:

Wherein, W is a constant, its value depends on the variance of module residual capacity, C₀It is the threshold value of module residual capacity.

7. a kind of restructural more single battery restructing algorithms for extensive battery pack according to claim 2, special Sign is: choosing optimal configuration in the step 4, refers to according to the battery cell number and number of modules that can be continued to use to determine Possible configuration mode；When number of modules is 2, and battery cell number is 4, all configuration modes are as follows: first battery list Body is individually composed module 1, second battery cell, third battery cell and the 4th battery cell comprising modules 2；First Battery cell and second battery cell comprising modules 1, third battery cell and the 4th battery cell comprising modules 2；The One battery cell, second battery cell and third battery cell comprising modules 1, the 4th battery cell are individually composed mould Block 2.

8. a kind of restructing algorithm for extensive battery pack according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described for series connection The output electric current of the module of connection, each module is identical, and output voltage is independent, and the output voltage of battery pack It is approximately equal to the summation of all module output voltages.

9. a kind of restructing algorithm for extensive battery pack according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the battery list Body, when it is connected in parallel, the output voltage of each battery cell is identical, and output electric current is independent；.

10. a kind of restructing algorithm for extensive battery pack according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the parallel connection is even The battery cell number connect is usually 3-5 in practical applications.

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of battery balancing more particularly to a kind of restructural more monomers for extensive battery pack Battery topology and restructing algorithm.

Background technique

Tesla is well-known to produce electric car, its electric car has used 18650 lithium batteries of thousands of sections.Separately Outside, large-scale lead-acid battery group has been widely used in substation to power to DC load.It is more renewable in order to incite somebody to action Energy integrated is into following energy internet and realizes the purpose that power system stability is run, and battery pack has become current Research hotspot.

In traditional battery pack application, battery with fixed series-parallel connection come meet load for voltage and current/ The requirement of power.The problem of fixed structure includes:

1) battery pack is easier to break down, because a cell malfunctions will lead to entire series arm and event occurs Barrier.The battery cell number of series arm is more, its reliability is poorer；

2) battery is unbalanced.The battery for being even produced in same production line also can be in internal resistance, capacity and aging characteristics On show difference, and these are the major inducing factors of the unbalanced problem of battery.For series arm, each electricity is flowed through The electric current of pond monomer is identical.Once the end voltage of the minimum battery of electricity has reached blanking voltage, it will be shown very High internal resistance, this can hinder other batteries to continue to discharge stored energy.Therefore, the capacity of series arm depends in branch The minimum battery of electricity, this greatly affected the utilization rate of battery capacity；

3) battery pack can not provide stable output voltage.With the progress of discharge process, the output voltage meeting of battery pack It is lower and lower, and this problem is particularly acute in extensive battery pack.

Summary of the invention

Place in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, what the invention proposes a kind of for extensive battery pack can Reconstruct more single battery topologys and restructing algorithm.Its purpose is to the target of reconstruct and right is given based on restructural topology The restructing algorithm answered realizes the flexibility for improving battery pack and reliability, maximizes battery capacity, provides stable output electricity The targets such as unbalanced caused by pressure and elimination battery parameter difference.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of restructural more single battery topologys for extensive battery pack, wherein circuit topology includes:

Each battery cell is by switch control；Each battery cell in circuit can be configured to three kinds it is different Structure, respectively series, parallel or bypass.

A kind of restructural more single battery restructing algorithms for extensive battery pack, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: determining the least battery cell number of each module；

Step 2: determining the battery cell number that can be continued to use in battery pack；

Step 3: determining module number；

Step 4: determining all possible configuration according to steps 1 and 2 and 3, therefrom chosen most based on the objective function proposed Excellent configuration.

Determine that each least battery cell number of module is according to load current and each battery cell in the step 1 Rated current determines that the battery cell number of each module has a minimum limitation.

The battery cell number that determination can continue to use in the step 2, refers to: the sum of failure is subtracted with total battery cell number Electricity is lower than the battery cell number of given threshold, that is, passes through the fault detection and management system of battery pack, look for out of order and electric Amount is lower than the single battery of given threshold, and is bypassed by the effect of switch matrix, it is determined that other to can continue to normally The number of the battery cell of work.

Determining module number in the step 3, is to pass throughCome what is determined, wherein V_TIt is desired output voltage, V_ABe it is all can continue to using battery cell average voltage, oepratorThe minimum bigger than own is sought in expression Integer.Optimal configuration is chosen in the step 4, wherein the objective function is realized by formula (3):

Battery pack is made of the battery cell that n intact rated capacities are C, and the state-of-charge of battery cell is respectively SOC₁, SOC₂..., SOC_n, end voltage is respectively V₁, V₂..., V_n；The battery cell number of N number of module is respectively n₁, n₂..., n_N, The residual capacity C of modules₁, C₂..., C_NIt indicates are as follows:

It realizes balanced using the objective function being shown below:

min{var(C₁,C₂,…,C_N)} (2)

In above formula (2): variance is sought in var expression, and min expression is minimized；

Reflect the requirement for individual module remaining capacity, finally determining objective function is shown below:

Wherein, W is a constant, its value depends on the variance of module residual capacity, C₀It is the door of module residual capacity Threshold value.

Optimal configuration is chosen in the step 4, is referred to according to the battery cell number and number of modules that can be continued to use come really Fixed all possible configuration mode；When number of modules is 2, and battery cell number is 4, all configuration modes are as follows: first electricity Pond monomer is individually composed module 1, second battery cell, third battery cell and the 4th battery cell comprising modules 2；The One battery cell and second battery cell comprising modules 1, third battery cell and the 4th battery cell comprising modules 2；First battery cell, second battery cell and third battery cell comprising modules 1, the 4th independent group of battery cell At module 2.

The module for series connection, the output electric current of each module be it is identical, and output voltage be it is independent, And the output voltage of battery pack is approximately equal to the summation of all module output voltages.

The battery cell, when it is connected in parallel, the output voltage of each battery cell is identical, and output electric current is independent 's.

The battery cell number being connected in parallel is usually 3-5 in practical applications.

The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

The design of restructural more single batteries proposed by the present invention for extensive battery pack can be realized following target:

(1) stable output voltage is provided；

(2) battery cell for cutting off failure automatically, improves the reliability and safety of battery pack；

(3) capacity for farthest utilizing all battery cells, reduces spare capacity required for energy-storage system；

(4) each battery cell in battery pack can be realized active equalization.

Detailed description of the invention

Understand for the ease of those of ordinary skill in the art and implement the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment pair The present invention is described in further detail, it should be appreciated that protection scope of the present invention is not by the limit of specific embodiment System.

Fig. 1 is circuit topology figure of the invention；

Fig. 2 is the connection constitutional diagram of 4 battery cells of the invention.

Understand for the ease of those of ordinary skill in the art and implement the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment pair The present invention is described in further detail, it should be appreciated that protection scope of the present invention is not by the limit of specific embodiment System.

Fig. 1 is circuit topology figure of the invention；

Fig. 2 is the connection constitutional diagram of 4 battery cells of the invention.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is a kind of restructural more single batteries topology and restructing algorithm for extensive battery pack, using compared with Few switch obtains preferable battery performance.Switchgear distribution problem is converted determining module number and each mould by its restructing algorithm The battery cell number of block and the problem of seek optimal solution, can be realized automatic excision fail battery, stable output voltage is provided and The targets such as active equalization between battery cell.

Wherein, circuit topology restructural in the present invention is as shown in Figure 1.

Each battery cell is by four switch controls, other than that battery cell of right end.It is every in circuit A battery cell can be configured to three kinds of different structures, respectively series, parallel or bypass.

If switch S11, S12 and S13 are closed, S14 shutdown, then first battery cell and second battery cell be simultaneously Connection.

If switch S11 and S14 are closed, S12 and S13 are disconnected, then first battery cell and second battery cell string Connection.

If switch S11 is disconnected, S12 closure, then first battery cell is bypassed.

In this structure, several battery cells first easily can be composed in parallel into module, then again by several moulds Block, which is together in series, forms battery pack.In this configuration mode, meeting automatic equalization between the battery cell in module, so connecing down Coming need to do is to realize the equilibrium between module.

A kind of restructural more single battery restructing algorithms for extensive battery pack proposed by the invention include following Step:

Step 1: determining the least battery cell number of each module；According to the specified electricity of load current and each battery cell Stream determines that the battery cell number of each module has a minimum limitation.Step 2: determining the electricity that can be continued to use in battery pack Pond number of monomers；The battery cell number for being lower than given threshold with electricity of failure is subtracted with total battery cell number.

Step 3: determining module number composes in parallel the battery cell that can be continued to use in the battery pack determined in step 1 Block coupled in series is formed battery pack by module；Pass throughDetermining module number, wherein V_TIt is desired output voltage, V_A It is the average voltage of all battery cells that can be continued to use, oepratorIt is whole that the minimum bigger than own is sought in expression Number.

Step 4: determining all possible configuration according to steps 1 and 2 and 3, can therefrom be selected based on the objective function proposed Take optimal configuration.

Each least battery cell number of module is determined in the step 1, refers to the requirement according to supply load, is determined every A module at least needs how many battery cell, with electric current and power supply capacity needed for providing load.

The battery cell number that can be continued to use in battery pack is determined in the step 2, is referred to and is examined by the failure of battery pack Survey and management system, out of order and electricity looked for be lower than the single battery of given threshold, and by the effect of switch matrix by its Bypass can then determine the number of other battery cells that can continue to work normally.

Pass through in the step 3Determining module number refers to: determining the phase of battery pack according to the needs of use first Hope output voltage V_T, the end voltage of all battery cells that can be continued to use then is obtained by measuring circuit and to calculate it average Value V_A, the finally average voltage by desired output voltage divided by battery cell and rounding can determining module number.

Optimal configuration is chosen in the step 4 to refer to:

1) number of modules that the battery cell number that can be continued to use and step 3 determined according to step 2 determines is all to determine Possible configuration mode.For example, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the connection constitutional diagram of 4 battery cells of the invention.

When number of modules is 2, and battery cell number is 4, all configuration modes are as follows: first battery cell is individually composed Module 1, second battery cell, third battery cell and the 4th battery cell comprising modules 2；First battery cell and Second battery cell comprising modules 1, third battery cell and the 4th battery cell comprising modules 2；First battery list Body, second battery cell and third battery cell comprising modules 1, the 4th battery cell are individually composed module 2.

2) in all possible configuration mode, according to the smallest principle of difference for making residual capacity between module, according to Objective function proposed by the present invention determines optimal configuration mode therein.

Specifically, restructing algorithm objective function proposed by the present invention is realized by formula (3).

Formula is described as follows:

Assuming that a battery pack is made of the battery cell that n intact rated capacities are C, the lotus of these battery cells Electricity condition is respectively SOC₁, SOC₂..., SOC_n, end voltage is respectively V₁, V₂..., V_n.In addition, these battery cells constitute N A module, and the battery cell number of modules is respectively n₁, n₂..., n_N, then the residual capacity C of modules₁, C₂..., C_N It can indicate are as follows:

It realizes equilibrium, that is, to make the difference of residual capacity between module minimum, then can use and be shown below Objective function:

min{var(C₁,C₂,…,C_N)} (2)

In above formula (2): variance is sought in var expression, and min expression is minimized.

But above-mentioned objective function can only reflect the requirement for battery pack entirety and can not reflect for individual module It is required that.The residual capacity that there may be one or several modules is very low, and the situation that whole variance is still minimum, this is not It meets the requirements.It is thus possible to increase one reflects the requirement for individual module remaining capacity.Finally determining target letter Number is shown below:

Wherein, W is a constant, its value depends on the variance of module residual capacity, C₀It is the door of module residual capacity Threshold value.

For the module of series connection, the output electric current of each module is identical, and output voltage is independent, and The output voltage of battery pack is approximately equal to the summation of all module output voltages.Therefore, required for being obtained by changing number of modules Output voltage be feasible.

For the battery cell being connected in parallel, the output voltage of each battery cell is identical, and it is only for exporting electric current Vertical.Because the automatic equalization for the battery cell electricity being connected in parallel will cause being unevenly distributed for each battery cell output electric current, So the battery cell number being connected in parallel will receive limitation.According to theory analysis, with the increase of batteries in parallel connection number of monomers, electricity The inequality extent of stream can increase sharply.In practical applications, the battery cell number being connected in parallel is usually 3-5.This field Interior technical staff is it should be appreciated that embodiments herein can provide as method, system or computer program product.Therefore, this Shen The form of complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or embodiment combining software and hardware aspects please can be used.And And it wherein includes the computer-usable storage medium of computer usable program code that the application, which can be used in one or more, The form for the computer program product implemented in (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.).

The application is referring to method, the process of equipment (system) and computer program product according to the embodiment of the present application Figure and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that every one stream in flowchart and/or the block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions The combination of process and/or box in journey and/or box and flowchart and/or the block diagram.It can provide these computer programs Instruct the processor of general purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices to produce A raw machine, so that being generated by the instruction that computer or the processor of other programmable data processing devices execute for real The device for the function of being specified in present one or more flows of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.

These computer program instructions, which may also be stored in, is able to guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy Determine in the computer-readable memory that mode works, so that it includes referring to that instruction stored in the computer readable memory, which generates, Enable the manufacture of device, the command device realize in one box of one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram or The function of being specified in multiple boxes.

These computer program instructions also can be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that counting Series of operation steps are executed on calculation machine or other programmable devices to generate computer implemented processing, thus in computer or The instruction executed on other programmable devices is provided for realizing in one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram one The step of function of being specified in a box or multiple boxes.

Finally it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof, to the greatest extent Invention is explained in detail referring to above-described embodiment for pipe, it should be understood by those ordinary skilled in the art that: still It can be with modifications or equivalent substitutions are made to specific embodiments of the invention, and without departing from any of spirit and scope of the invention Modification or equivalent replacement, should all cover within the scope of the claims of the present invention.