阅读说明：本技术 表皮虚拟现实装置 (Epidermis virtual reality device ) 是由 约翰·A·罗杰斯 徐帅 郑英华 钟海旭 于新歌 杨宇 李中烨 孙汝杰 于 2018-01-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供致动装置、由所述致动装置形成的虚拟现实装置,和相关虚拟现实方法。所述装置可包括：多个空间上分布的致动器,每一致动器被配置成用于与生物皮肤表面交互；无线控制器,其被配置成接收操作性命令信号以控制所述致动器中的每一个；以及无线电力系统,其为所述致动器供电。本发明还提供多个互连装置的独特布局以实现大面积覆盖度。(The virtual reality device and respective fictional practical method that the present invention provides actuation means, formed by the actuation means.Described device can include: multiple actuators being spatially distributed, each actuator are configured for and biological skin surface interaction；Wireless controller is configured to receive operational command signal to control each of described actuator；And wireless power system, it powers for the actuator.The present invention also provides the unique layouts of multiple interconnection means to realize large area coverage.)

1. a kind of actuation means, it is characterised in that: include:

Multiple actuators being spatially distributed, each actuator are configured for and biological skin surface interaction；

Wireless controller is configured to receive operational command signal to control each of described actuator；And

Wireless power system is powered for the actuator, wherein the wireless power system provides the function for being greater than or equal to 5mW Rate capture.

2. actuation means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the wireless power system provides at least 5x10^-4mW/ cm²Power delivery.

3. actuation means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the wireless power system, which has, to be greater than or equal to 50% power efficiency, the power efficiency are defined as institute's delivered power and captured power ratio.

4. actuation means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: including sensor, the sensor operationally connects The wireless controller and the wireless power system are connected to for sensing physical parameter.

5. actuation means according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: including being captured for wireless power With the large area antenna of the power supply of the actuator.

6. actuation means according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the large area antenna, which has, to be greater than or equal to The length of 100cm.

7. actuation means according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: including small for powering for the wireless controller Area antenna.

8. actuation means according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the small area antenna, which has, is less than or equal to 10cm Periphery occupied area.

9. actuation means according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the small area antenna includes coil.

10. actuation means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the wireless controller includes NFC chip.

11. actuation means according to claim 10, it is characterised in that: the multiple actuator profile being spatially distributed It is being greater than or equal to 1m²Surface area above.

12. actuation means according to claim 11, it is characterised in that: the actuator provides on flexible substrates.

13. actuation means according to claim 12, it is characterised in that: including multiple flexible substrates individually interconnected, Wherein each of described respective substrates support multiple actuators and can individually be located in wanted skin region during use Above domain.

14. actuation means according to claim 12, it is characterised in that: the flexible substrate supports between 4 to 500 Actuator.

15. actuation means according to claim 12, it is characterised in that: offer is interfaced with the reversible of skin.

16. actuation means according to claim 12, it is characterised in that: the flexible substrate includes fabric.

17. actuation means according to claim 16, it is characterised in that: the fabric is a part of clothing.

18. actuation means according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that: the actuator includes mechanical actuator, heat Actuator and/or electric actuator.

19. actuation means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the actuator includes mechanical actuator, the machine The vibration frequency of tool actuator is greater than or equal to 1Hz and is less than or equal to 1kHz.

20. actuation means according to claim 19, it is characterised in that: the mechanical actuator includes conductive coil and magnetic Body, wherein the magnet is positioned at the magnetic field generated during current potential is applied to the conductive coil by the conductive coil It is interior.

21. actuation means according to claim 20, it is characterised in that: the conductive coil and the magnet separate centainly Gap.

22. actuation means according to claim 21, it is characterised in that: including having jagged polymeric layer, wherein institute State that magnet is positioned in the recess and the conductive coil is positioned at below the magnet.

23. actuation means according to claim 22, it is characterised in that: including switch, the switch is by the wireless controlled Device processed controls the electric excitation for vibrating the conductive coil between off-state and on-state, generates the magnet whereby Controlled vibration frequency.

24. actuation means according to claim 23, it is characterised in that: the magnet vibration frequency is in 100Hz and 300Hz Between.

25. actuation means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the actuator includes thermal actuator.

26. actuation means according to claim 25, it is characterised in that: the thermal actuator is included under applied electric current The electric wire of heating.

27. actuation means according to claim 26, it is characterised in that: formed by spun gold, the spun gold have 10 μm and Width and 1mm between 200 μm²And 50mm²Between heating area.

28. actuation means according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that: including low-power circuit.

29. actuation means according to claim 28, it is characterised in that: the low-power circuit includes single wireless control Device, the single wireless controller pass through single uniqueness of an electric excitation in the case where other actuators are in an off state It moves device and more than circulation progress operates between all actuators to control the actuator being distributed on the multiple space.

30. actuation means according to claim 29, it is characterised in that: the wireless controller has multiple outputs NFC chip, wherein each output is electronically connected to individual actuator device, described device further comprises switch, described to open Pass is electronically positioned between the NFC chip output and the actuator to provide individual actuator device under switching frequency Electric excitation.

31. actuation means according to claim 30, it is characterised in that: switching frequency ratio between actuators is using The mechanoceptor reaction time that period is located in the mechanoceptor below the actuation means is fast, so that all the multiple Actuating is experienced by the user that the actuation means are interfaced to while actuator.

32. actuation means according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: logical including carrying out electronics with the wireless controller Letter with the sensor for measure physical parameters, wherein the sensor provide actuator described in feedback loop from master control System.

33. a kind of actuating system, it is characterised in that: including multiple actuation means according to claim 1.

34. actuating system according to claim 33, it is characterised in that: each of described actuation means to each other into Row wireless communication.

35. actuating system according to claim 34, it is characterised in that: the wireless communication includes two-way communication.

36. actuating system according to claim 35, it is characterised in that: each actuation means further comprise for sensing The sensor of physical parameter pass sensor output can wherein the sensor and the wireless controller carry out electronic communication It is sent to different actuation means or peripheral control unit.

37. the actuating system according to any one of claim 33 to 36, it is characterised in that: be the one of virtual reality device Part.

38. a kind of virtual reality device, it is characterised in that: include:

Multiple biological interactive devices being spatially distributed, are configured for interacting with biological surface, the biology interaction dress It sets and respectively includes:

Sensor and actuator；

Wireless controller, be configured to receive operational command signal with control each of described biological interactive device and The output from each of the sensor is transmitted to remote controllers；And

Wireless power source is operably connected to the multiple biological interactive device.

39. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: the multiple biology being spatially distributed is handed over Mutual device is configured to generate the heat changed on coordination and space-time, electro photoluminescence, mechanical oscillation output, or any combination thereof.

40. virtual reality device according to claim 39, it is characterised in that: it is configured for interpersonal interaction, it is described Virtual reality device further comprises computer interface, for it is separated by a distance controlled by someone it is the multiple spatially The biological interactive device of distribution.

41. virtual reality device according to claim 39, it is characterised in that: be configured for game or training.

42. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: the sensor is configured to based on by institute It states one or more physiological parameters that sensor measures and modulates the actuator.

43. virtual reality device according to claim 42, it is characterised in that: the physiological parameter are as follows: temperature；Pressure； Movement；Position；Blood flow；Blood oxygen is closed；Dermal resistance response；Electrical impedance, modulus；Rate of perspiration；Biotic potential；Or strain.

44. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: the wireless controller includes near-field communication Chip is to provide wireless power delivering and the biological interactive device and the peripheral control unit of the sensor and actuator Between wireless data communication.

45. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: the wireless controller provide with it is described more The two-way communication of a biology interactive device, to obtain physiological parameter data and the multiple biology of operation from the multiple sensor The actuator of interactive device.

46. virtual reality device according to claim 45, it is characterised in that: the wireless controller includes that long-range is read Device.

47. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: be configured to provide corresponding to living animal The sensing of at least 70% effective body surface area of skin surface and actuating.

48. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: have the maximum nothing more than or equal to 10cm Line transmission and range of receiving.

49. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: it is the multiple biology interactive device directly or It is indirectly attached on skin, and the spatial distribution mapping of the physiological parameter is provided.

50. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: the multiple biology interactive device is configured At the skin surface for being directly connected to living animal.

51. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: it is the multiple biology interactive device insertion or Clothes are connected to, wherein the clothes are configured to be dressed by living animal to be provided about the multiple biology in skin surface Interactive device.

52. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: including at least 20 biological interactive devices.

53. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: it is each biology interactive device include:

NFC chip is used to wirelessly communicate and control；

Wireless energy acquirer comprising the large area antenna for powering for the actuator.

54. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: the sensor includes:

Temperature sensor；And

Pressure sensor.

55. virtual reality device according to claim 54, it is characterised in that: the pressure sensor includes by ultra-thin spiral shell Revolve the silicon pressure sensor that shape monocrystalline silicon layer is formed.

56. virtual reality device according to claim 54, it is characterised in that: the pressure sensor includes being positioned at top Silicon layer between portion's polymeric layer and bottom polymeric layer.

57. virtual reality device according to claim 53, it is characterised in that: including being configured to wirelessly and outside The magnetic induction loop aerial that portion's reader antenna interfaces with.

58. virtual reality device according to claim 57, it is characterised in that: the external reader antenna is embedded in outer In portion's reader antenna substrate.

59. virtual reality device according to claim 57, it is characterised in that: including remote controllers, the long-range control Device processed provides the wireless command for remotely controlling the multiple actuator to the wireless controller.

60. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: each biology interactive device is multi-functional And measure and/or control at least temperature and pressure.

61. the virtual reality device according to claim 38, it is characterised in that: it is each biology interactive device measurement selected from by At least one additional parameter of the group of consisting of: oxygen content, current potential, heart rate, respiratory rate, Hypovolemia and optics letter Number.

62. a kind of actuating system, it is characterised in that: include:

Multiple actuation means, each actuation means include:

Multiple actuators being spatially distributed, each actuator are configured for and biological skin surface interaction；

Wireless controller is configured to receive operational command signal to control each of described actuator；

Wireless power system is powered for the actuator；And

Flexible substrate supports each of the actuator, wireless controller and wireless power system；And

Wherein each actuation means are carried out wireless communication at least one other actuation means.

63. actuating system according to claim 62, it is characterised in that: the actuation means include:

Multiple actuators being spatially distributed, each actuator are configured for and biological skin surface interaction；

Wireless controller is configured to receive operational command signal to control each of described actuator；And

Wireless power system is powered for the actuator, wherein the wireless power system optionally provides and is greater than or equal to The power capture of 5mW.

64. actuating system according to claim 62, it is characterised in that: the wireless communication between actuation means is double To communication.

65. actuating system according to claim 64, it is characterised in that: each of described actuation means are further wrapped Include sensor.

66. actuating system according to claim 65, it is characterised in that: the output from least one sensor is transmitted to Another actuation means are to control the actuators of another actuation means.

67. a kind of and individual carry out virtual interacting method, is characterized in that: the described method comprises the following steps:

The multiple actuators being spatially distributed in above the skin surface of individual are provided；

The actuator is wirelessly connected to remote controllers；

Input signal is input to the remote controllers with activate the actuator at least part and with the skin table Face interfaces with；And

It is wirelessly the actuator power supply being activated in low power mode, wherein the low power mode includes being activated Actuator between be switched fast so that the individual experience to all actuators simultaneously activate physical sensation.

68. a kind of and individual carry out virtual interacting method, it is characterised in that: the described method comprises the following steps:

Actuator devices, system or virtual reality device are provided about in the skin surface of individual；

The actuator is wirelessly connected to remote controllers；

Input signal is input to the remote controllers with activate the actuator at least part and with the skin table Face remotely interfaces with；

Virtual interacting is carried out with individual whereby.

69. method according to claim 68, it is characterised in that: including；

One or more physical parameters are sensed with sensor；And

Output from the sensor is transferred to the remote controllers, whereby to the remote user of the remote controllers Feedback is provided.

Background technique

Provided herein is the arrays of wireless sensor and actuator for virtual reality applications.Device and correlation technique are available It include wearable electronic device, virtual reality, personal monitoring and medical device in diversified application.

With the continuous development of electronic communication and social media, the platform for social interaction is more more and more universal.For view Frequency communicates, comprising via those social platforms and in game and training field video communications, what is still lagged is with not The reliably and comprehensively physically interaction separated by a distance using corresponding video interactive of noticeable and true mode Ability.Although having put into great effort to generate and user is made to be immersed in the device in virtual reality, those devices have significant Disadvantage includes the ability for being reliably the power supply of those devices with light weight, wireless and unrestricted mode and communicating with those devices.

For example, there are electric power limitations for U.S. Patent Publication 2015/0022328, need power supply or to separately The physical connection of one device (such as " mobile device " or power supply).No. 2014204323 PCT Publication description is integrated into can Sensor in the manufacture of wearable object, but there is limited value, because not including actuator.U.S. Patent Publication 2014/ 0070957 and the 7th, 967, No. 679 patent may be characterized as the offer of description power, but device volume described in it is huge, complicated, And noticeable and bulky hardware is needed, this is absolutely not helped for comfortable and reliable virtual reality experience It helps.

As the Persisting exploitation of miniaturized electronic system is (referring to such as WO 2016/196675；WO 2013/149181； U.S.2013/0041235；Entitled " main body installing type wireless sensor and the actuator (Body- submitted on January 27th, 2017 Mounted Wireless Sensors and Actuators) " No. 62/451,248 U.S. Provisional Application (act on behalf of ginseng Examine 588027:4-17P) (Rogers etc.)), each of these documents are specifically incorporated herein by reference, are put down Platform can be used for simplifying virtual reality device in such a way that light weight, shape cooperate and are compatible with conventionally manufactured platform.However, about can It powers and is communicated with device for device by ground and still have challenge, be used for especially for having as the detectable physics of user's realization The device of multiple actuators of experience.The such actuator generated particularly for power is very harsh in terms of power.Institute herein The device and method of offer solve the problems, such as this in the following manner: being incorporated to unique power and save platform, so that device is kept It wirelessly and is not limited to be anchored in the relatively bulky power supply of volume, even up to the very large area of larger actuator total number Coverage system.

Summary of the invention

Device comprising actuation means and virtual reality device is specifically configured for providing reliably generation and application movement The ability of (power relatively even to consume energy), the movement can be felt and compatible with radio configuration by user.This is by using nothing Line electric power, communication and control system are realized.Special challenge is, provides enough power to activate the surface for being distributed in user On machinery and/or thermal actuator.In certain examples of this paper, this is realized by following operation: setting controls multiple causes One controller of dynamic device, and quick-make and disconnection controller once to be only a single actuator power supply.However, institute Stating switching may carry out under rate sufficiently high, so that the feeling that user is experiencing all actuators just while motivating.With this Mode, total power requirements at any given time can reduce, so that when even for relatively long on the high surface area of main body Between actuating also maintain enough power.Certainly, system provided herein is similarly compatible with the actuator being sufficiently separated, so that User can recognize the not same district of the positive skin for receiving the actuating that actuator is carried out.

The distinct configuration of actuator is also provided, allows controller rapidly and reliably in user's body separated by a distance Any of upper application many kinds of force.With controller (comprising optionally with sensor that user is independently monitored) two-way communication Controller is allowed to confirm that user is just experiencing desired power and assessing any biological response to it.System and a pair of of virtual reality fill The use set is compatible, to substantially user be allowed to become controller, and vice versa.System can also two-way communication to each other, So that an actuation means or system and other actuation means or system two-way communication.

Provided herein is a series of various actuation means for applications, comprising for simulating long-range or artificial environment or relaxing Hou, such as virtual reality applications.For example, actuation means may include multiple actuators being spatially distributed.Per consistent Dynamic device is configured to and biological skin surface interaction.Wireless controller is operably connected to the actuator and is configured to connect The property made of bringing drill to an end command signal controls each of described actuator.By this method, individual separated by a distance can be on-demand The actuating of the actuator of the device just used by the second individual is controlled, and without any direct physical contact or object between individual Reason connection.Wireless power system is operably connected to as actuator power supply.Select wireless power system to provide enough function Rate reliably is powered and control actuator for actuator.For example, any in actuator devices presented herein A to be limited by the wireless power system that offer power limitation captures level, the power limitation capture level is greater than or waits In the power capture of 5mW, comprising being greater than or equal to 5mW and less than or equal to 5W, or between about 10mW and 500mW, or it is situated between Between about 5mW and 500mW and its any subrange, device presented herein can be simultaneous with a series of wireless power systems Hold, as long as enough power is captured to communicate for actuator power supply and control device and with device, while still being able to reliably And it unobtrusively interacts or interfaces with skin relatively.Specific application and associated actuator may need than other application and Power more than associated actuator.For example, the actuator as the electrode to generate short burst electric field may need to compare By component against the mechanical actuator that runs of high-frequency mobile of skin or the thermal actuator to be heated for skin (for example, Heater) few power.

Other parameters can be used for describing wireless energy acquirer.For example, any of actuation means can be described Level is captured to provide lowest power, is included (for example, 5mW) as described above；At least 5x10^-4mW/cm²And it is less than 5x10^{- 2}mW/cm²Power delivery；And/or the power efficiency more than or equal to 50%, the power efficiency be defined as institute's delivered power with Captured power ratio.Relatively appropriate power requirement reflects various low power configurations, comprising it is as follows by with actuator phase Associated fast power switching circuit is explained.

Any of actuating or virtual reality device can further comprise being operably connected to wireless controller and nothing The sensor for being used to sense physical parameter of line electric system.This sensing function provides additional control and two-way interactive level, Wherein remote controllers can independently, quantitatively and reliably assess actuator as what runs and user is as what is to cause Dynamic stimulation makes a response.Also sensor can be used in feedback control loop configuration, to ensure that actuator just provides desired level Actuating stimulation.

Device presented herein can be further described according to wireless power system.For example, in described device Any one can have the large area antenna for wireless power capture and the power supply of actuator.The large area antenna can have greatly In or equal to 100cm length.Large area antenna, which can have, is selected to provide wanted power capture (comprising for of interest Using) length, thickness and material properties.Pass through the opposite of the substrate wound on support device above or the base portion for forming device The long length of big antenna is realized around big region.Antenna can be embedded in polymer substrate, comprising being limited in marginal zone, such as Outermost the 10% or 5% of total support surface substrate surface area.

Wireless power system can be used to store together with local power for any of device and method presented herein Device includes the local power storage device in the form of battery or supercapacitor.

Similarly, any of device presented herein can further comprise for powering for wireless controller Small area antenna, the circumference occupied area of e.g., less than or equal to 10cm.Long length is realized by winding.By this method, Actuator devices or virtual reality device can have a pair of of antenna, and wherein the more power of large area antenna trapping is to meet actuator Relatively high power demand.In comparison, small area antenna can capture relatively fewer power and for supplying for wireless controller Electricity and communicated with wireless controller.

Wireless controller may include NFC chip, and the NFC chip can wrap wirelessly with neighbouring electronic device communications Containing one-way or bi-directional communication.Neighbouring electronic device then transmits number using the wireless communication of stronger form in either direction According to comprising transmitting data to from the remote user of graphical user interface (GUI) the display state with actuator devices.

The multiple actuator being spatially distributed can be distributed in above surface region, and density to be answered with of interest With matching.For example, in the region having to physical stimulation compared with the main body of high sensitive, the actuating of higher density can be disposed Device.In comparison, relatively low density can be had compared with the region of low sensitivity or the main body of importance by having.Described device can portion Administration is in tiling configuration, and wherein " patch " of actuator devices is distributed in above main body, and each patch contains multiple actuators.With This mode, although each device can have opposite small footprint size, such as 1cm²And 500cm²Between land occupation face Product, but can realize biggish total surface area distribution and coverage.For example, actuator profile surface area is greater than or equal to 1m²。

Actuator and associated component may be provided on the substrate such as flexible substrate.By this method, actuator can be described For with the density on substrate, the density is limited by actuator number divided by the area on the surface of support actuator.Citing For, seven actuators are easily located on 3 " x3 " substrates, correspond to 0.12 actuator/cm²Actuator density, or about 1 Actuator/8.3cm²Actuator density.Provided herein is the actuator densities in the range of sparse distribution to dense distribution, such as 0.01 actuator/cm²To 1 actuator/cm²Between.

As described, device may include multiple flexible substrates individually interconnected, and wherein each of respective substrates prop up It supports multiple actuators and can individually be located in during use above wanted skin area.By this method, actuator " cluster " It is arranged in desired location, and must not necessarily loses desired generally entire body or even entire body coverage.Citing For, in the game of physical force to be experienced (such as blunt forces or violent power), forward and backward and side trunk, head, every leg and every Arm can have intensive coverage area to be truly reflected the power in those areas.In comparison, for such as golf, baseball, The physical games such as tennis or Association football, larger coverage can contribute to hand or foot to reflect the real collision with ball.Therefore, lead to It crosses and covers main body in being laid out most preferably to reflect the interaction of expected virtual reality transmission, device provided herein and more Kind application and interaction any of compatibility and relative to it is a variety of application and interaction any of adjustment.

Device itself can be readily scalable, and can have two or more actuators, for example, support 4 to 500 it Between actuator flexible substrate.Device can be configured for interfacing with the reversible of skin.By this method, after usage, it moves Except device, without damaging component, and device can be reused in the time later (comprising for Different Individual).Correspondingly, it fills Setting can be cleaned or be sterilized, without generating any adverse effect to functionality.Optionally, for preferably protective device group Part, the available layer that is encapsulated of any of device is encapsulated to increase device durability, functional without sacrificing.This is by being encapsulated It is realized in layer using the flexible relatives such as such as polymer, flexibility and flexible material.

Flexible substrate may include fabric, the fabric comprising a part as clothing.Particularly suitable is stretchable and shape The fabric of shape cooperation, the synthetic textiles comprising being flexibly cooperated to main body include shirt, trousers, shorts, underwear, cap, face Lid, socks, foot lid, hand or finger lid etc..

Device is compatible with a series of actuators, includes mechanical actuator, thermal actuator, electric actuator and combinations thereof.It is other Actuator is selected based on application of interest.For example, chemistry or the releasable activating agent of biological actuator, the activating agent It is interacted with the biological components of skin up or down.For charge agent or the reagents of Charged carriers is connected to, using can applied Below electric field, wherein electric field is not felt by user.

Mechanical actuator can be described as have be greater than or equal to 1Hz and the vibration frequency less than or equal to 1kHz, comprising with The matched frequency of bio-mechanical energy converter comprising mechanoceptor below device, comprising between 100Hz and 300Hz, Between 150Hz and 250Hz and its any subrange.

Mechanical actuator may include conductive coil and magnet, wherein magnet be located in when current potential is applied to conductive coil by In the magnetic field that conductive coil generates.By this method, the applied electric signal of coil is switched on and off by corresponding vibration frequency It is applied to magnet, and oscillating magnet is during use pressure-type impact force by main body sensing.

Conductive coil and magnet can separate certain interval, such as the gap between about 0.1mm and 0.5mm.Include PI The thin cover layer between about 5 and 50 μm or between about 10 μm and 20 μm be positioned above magnet to provide and wanted between Gap.

Mechanical actuator can further comprise having jagged polymeric layer, and wherein magnet is positioned in recess and conductor wire Delineation is located at below magnet.

Settable switch is electronically controlled by wireless controller for shaking between off-state and on-state The electric excitation of conductive coil is swung, generates the controlled vibration frequency of magnet whereby.Magnet vibration frequency can 100Hz and 300Hz it Between.

Actuator can be thermal actuator, comprising having the thermal actuator of the resistance wire heated under applied electric current.It lifts For example, there is the spun gold of the width between 10 μm and 200 μm, heating area is in 1mm²And 50mm²Between.By this method, it causes Dynamic device may include both thermal actuator and mechanical actuator.The actuating of stronger upper frequency is subsequent in longer duration Can by with thermal actuator heating and communication to user.Any combination of actuator, which then can be used for further increasing transmitting, to be moved The sense of reality of work.For example, applied by actuator to reflect that it is wet that a drop water can also result in along the pressure that surface flows downward Gas or water are discharged from the actuator of release moisture or water.In order to avoid undesirable moisture accumulation, substrate can be saturating by moisture Wicking or remove material formed.

Device (including actuating and virtual reality device) described herein may include low-power circuit.Low-power circuit It may include single wireless controller, control the multiple actuator being spatially distributed and be in disconnection shape in other actuators Single actuator is once electrically motivated in the case where state.

Wireless controller can be the NFC chip with multiple outputs, wherein each output is electronically connected to Other actuator, described device further comprise electronically being positioned between NFC chip output and actuator in switch frequency The switch of individual actuator device electric excitation is provided under rate.Switching frequency between actuator is filled than actuating is located in during use The mechanoceptor reaction time for setting the mechanoceptor of lower section is fast, so that actuating is caused while all the multiple actuators Dynamic device interface to user experience, but once only activate single actuator.By this method, effective occupied area of actuator The occupied area of single actuator is extended beyond, includes to correspond at least 80%, at least 90%, or support the substrate of actuator Approximate entire occupied area.

Any of device described herein can further comprise with wireless controller carry out electronic communication with In the sensor of measure physical parameters.By this method, two-way communication can occur, wherein sensor feeds signals to long-range control Device or user are to show the information of the state of the people about experience actuation.

Virtual reality device or actuating system is also provided herein, including any of actuation means described herein It is multiple.For example, each of actuation means can wirelessly communicate with each other.Wireless communication may include two-way communication, Comprising between the devices and/or between device and remote controllers/display.

Each of actuation means can further comprise the sensor for sensing physical parameter, wherein sensor and nothing Lane controller carries out electronic communication and sensor output is made to can transmit different actuation means or peripheral control unit.

Any of actuation means or system can be the part of virtual reality device.

The virtual reality device including multiple biological interactive devices being spatially distributed, the biology interaction is also provided herein Device is configured for and for example the biological surfaces such as skin surface interact outwardly.Biological interactive device can respectively include sensor And actuator.Be configured to receive each of controllable biological interactive device of wireless controller of operational command signal and The output from each of sensor is transmitted to remote controllers.Wireless power source can be operatively attached to the multiple Biological interactive device.

The multiple biological interactive device being spatially distributed can be configured to generate the heat coordinated and changed on space-time, electricity Stimulation, mechanical oscillation output, or any combination thereof.It can also be received from controller (for example, people with user's remote interaction) refers to Fixed input, and provide a user corresponding actuating.

Virtual reality device can be configured for interpersonal interaction, further comprise computer interface, for being separated by a spacing From controlling the multiple biological interactive device being spatially distributed by someone.By matching described device, may be present double To interaction.

Virtual reality device can with wherein it is expected to be realized on individual for example for game, training, communication or amusement one A or multiple parameters any application is used together.

Sensor can be configured to modulate actuator based on the one or more physiological parameters measured by sensor.Physiology ginseng Number is including (but not limited to) temperature；Pressure；Movement；Position；Or strain.

Wireless controller may include that near-field communication (NFC) chip is passed with the wireless power for providing sensor and actuator It send, and the wireless data communication between biological interactive device and peripheral control unit.

Wireless controller can provide the two-way communication with the multiple biological interactive device to obtain from the multiple sensor Physiological parameter data is taken, and operates the actuator of the multiple biological interactive device.Wireless controller may include long-range reader, So that providing some one-movement-freedom-degrees to the individual for the actuator for being connected to device, long-range operator is just being sent to without losing Signal.

Virtual reality device can be configured to provide at least 70% effective body surface for corresponding to living animal skin surface The sensing and actuation capability of area.

Virtual reality device can have the transmission of the maximum wireless more than or equal to 10cm and range of receiving, and optionally less than Or the upper limit cut-off equal to 1m.

The multiple biology interactive device can be mounted directly or indirectly on skin, and the spatial distribution of physiological parameter is reflected It penetrates and for example real-time provide to display and/or record for using later.It is mounted directly reference to be directly placed on skin, and can Use as needed comprising the adhesive similar to removable adhesive bandage.Alternatively, device is mountable to clothing or the like In, it " automatic " interface with and dresses with a type of of actuator wherein described clothing or the like is utilized by user.This may It is particularly suitable, instead of in the individually individually mounting device in entire main body.

Correspondingly, the multiple biological interactive device can be configured to the skin surface for being directly connected to living animal.Or Person, the multiple biology interactive device is embeddable or is connected to clothes, wherein the clothes are configured to be dressed by living animal To be provided about the multiple biological interactive device in skin surface.

Virtual reality device may include at least 20 biological interactive devices.Each biology interactive device can itself include single Actuator or multiple actuators, such as 2-20,4-10 or its any subrange.

Each biology interactive device may include the NFC chip for wirelessly communicating and controlling, and including for being actuating The wireless energy acquirer of the large area antenna of device power supply.

Sensor may include temperature sensor and pressure sensor.Pressure sensor may include by ultra-thin spiral-shaped monocrystalline The silicon pressure sensor that silicon layer is formed.Pressure sensor may include being positioned between top polymeric layer and bottom polymeric layer Silicon layer.

Virtual reality device can further comprise magnetic induction loop aerial, be configured to wirelessly read with outside Device antenna interfaces with.External reader antenna can be embedded in external reader antenna substrate, the substrate comprising also supporting actuator.

Virtual reality device can further comprise remote controllers, provide to wireless controller for described in remotely control The wireless command of multiple actuators.

Each biology interactive device can be multi-functional and measurement and/or control at least temperature and pressure.

Each measurable at least one additional parameter selected from the group being made up of of biology interactive device: oxygen content, Current potential, heart rate, respiratory rate, Hypovolemia and optical signalling.Any of described device and method can be used for measuring physiology Parameter, i.e. pressure, temperature, dermal resistance response, impedance, heat transmit, perspire, the conjunction of blood flow, blood oxygen, thermal characteristics, electrical impedance, mould Amount, sweat, biotic potential (emg, eog, eeg etc.), shear stress, direct stress (pressure) etc. and any combination thereof.Citing comes It says, any of device and method can have pressure sensor and/or temperature sensor to measure pressure and/or temperature.Appoint Selection of land also can measure one or more additional physiological parameters in addition to pressure and temperature.Any of device and method are available In the physiological parameter of measurement skin.Any of those measured values then can be by any in actuator described herein A use is to realize biological response, so that wherein sensor is for determining appropriate actuating state, actuating there are built-in feedback loop Magnitude and/or spatial distribution.

Actuating system or virtual reality device is also provided herein, including the more of any of device described herein It is a.For example, each of the multiple device can be actuation means, the actuation means include: it is multiple spatially The actuator of distribution, each actuator are configured for and biological skin surface interaction；Wireless controller is configured to connect The property made of bringing drill to an end command signal controls each of actuator；Wireless power system is powered for the actuator；And it is soft Property substrate, support each of the actuator, wireless controller and wireless power system.Each actuation means can be with cause The other actuation means of at least one of dynamic device carry out wireless communication.

Device and method presented herein may be incorporated into the actuator mode of complete series, comprising either statically or dynamically power, Either statically or dynamically temperature, electro photoluminescence, comprising being combined with the input from any of sensor described herein.This is passed The combination configuration of sensor and actuator can independently control, can be in closed feedback loop configuration, and can have a series of spaces Any of configuration, this depends on application of interest.

Wireless communication between actuation means can be in two-way communication, so that the actuation means for issuing signal also can receive and write in reply Number.For example, each of actuation means can further comprise sensor, comprising so that from least one sensor Output is transmitted to another actuation means to control another actuating from another device actuator.

It is empty according to any of the actuating of its formation or virtual reality device and individual progress that a kind of use is also provided herein Intend the method for interaction.For example, the method can comprise the following steps that offer is spatially distributed on the skin surface of individual Multiple actuators of side；The actuator is wirelessly connected to remote controllers；Input signal is input to long-range control Device processed is to activate at least part of the actuator and interface with skin surface；And in low power mode wirelessly Actuator to be activated is powered, wherein the low power mode includes being switched fast between the actuator being activated so that a Body experiences the physical sensation of all actuators while activation, but is once only that an actuator is effectively powered.

A kind of can comprise the following steps that with individual virtual interacting method is provided about herein in the skin surface of individual Any of described actuator devices, system or virtual reality device；It wirelessly connects the actuator to long-range Controller；Input signal is input to remote controllers to activate at least part of actuator and remotely be situated between with skin surface It connects；Virtual interacting is carried out with individual whereby.

The method can further comprise that one or more physical parameters are sensed with sensor；And it will be from sensor Output is transferred to remote controllers, provides feedback to the remote user of remote controllers whereby.

Each biological interactive device comprising actuator can have less than or equal to 5cm²Occupied area；And be less than or Thickness equal to 1cm.The actuator that underlies can provide high fidelity, such as high sensitive and precision.For example, device can have Have: at least 0.1 DEG C of temperature accuracy；Less than skin caloic metric density and less than 75 μ J/mm²The caloic metric density of/K；And/or The thermal balance response time less than or equal to 3 seconds.

It is not intended to be fettered by any specific theory, it can be discussed herein about device and method disclosed herein Basic principle conviction or understanding.It should be understood that the final correctness illustrated or assumed independent of any mechanism, of the invention Embodiment can still have operational and useful.

Detailed description of the invention

The circuit diagram of seven actuator devices of chip controls that Fig. 1 is powered by big antenna and powered by miniature antenna. Switch can be incorporated into provide quick-make/disconnection of individual actuator in circuit, comprising being switched by using IC.It is switched fast Such ability is provided: being powered for multiple actuators, so that the physical sensation that there are individual all actuators to operate simultaneously, but one Secondary is only single actuator power supply.By this method, electricity usage minimize and it is compatible with the power generated by big antenna, especially For power intensive actuator.

The circuit layout of seven actuator devices of Fig. 2 Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 A marks the various components of the circuit of Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 B includes the actuator in circuit.

Fig. 4 is the photo with the epidermis actuation means of Fig. 3 B for the circuit layout summarized in Fig. 1,2 and 3A.It is real herein In example, actuator is oscillation actuator.

Fig. 5 shows the photo that curved epidermis actuation means can be adapted in the case where having no adverse effect..

Fig. 6 A is to show epidermis actuation means to may be characterized as softness and for the photo of biological tissue (skin) tool compliance. Top and bottom panel, which is shown, carries out device removal by stripping corner from skin.Fig. 6 B shows where device can take up an official post in main body Side uses, and is included in that (upper left panel) on chest, (right panel) on arm, on leg (bottom right face on (lower-left panel) and neck Plate).Device may be scaled to any size, this depends on application of interest.

The use of Fig. 7 .IC switch promotes to be multiple actuators power supplies in the case where one single chip, the one single chip with Sweep type mode quickly controls the IC switch state of multiple actuator switch (IC switch), so that individual experience owns into device The feeling that actuator activates simultaneously, but only single actuator receives power at any given time.

Fig. 8, which shows any of device presented herein, can be used for reaching entire main body actuating and/or sensing, Included in epidermis virtual reality applications.Four images of people schematically show the skin of people over time on top panel The color mapping of the physical parameter sensed on surface.Point of this image also with the actuator for being activated for realization color mapping Cloth is compatible.By this method, individual can feel from another people fictitious force (for example, to the people the third party touch), The power (for example, the people touches the third party or another surface) and/or heat applied on another person.Bottom panel shows multiple Biological interactive device, the two-way communication with peripheral control unit (for example, computer, smart phone etc.).

Fig. 9 top panel shows the associated mechanical receptor of human epidermal/corium/tissue and related neural.Bottom table is general State the associated sensed mode and corresponding frequency range of various mechanoceptors.Sensing is touched, for example, 200Hz can It can be the most violent frequency sensed, wherein the frequency, which applies, feels to be solid touch by main body.Subtleer extruding Type pressure often generates in the case where lower frequency.

Figure 10 is suitable for schematically illustrating for the representative device of epidermis virtual reality applications.

Figure 11 is used to power and the circuit diagram of the actuator and associated electronics of wireless control and communication.

Figure 12 can be used for controlling the pierce circuit design example of vibration-type actuator.By this method, by changing capacitor The value of device and/or resistor is easily adjusted frequency of oscillation.

Figure 13 Exemplary mechanical actuator schematically illustrates.Left panel shows soft and variable by using being positioned at The vibration mechanism of the conductive coil and magnet in chamber in shape material (such as PDMS).

Right panel shows the change of magnetic field strength with coil turn.

Figure 14 top panel is side view, and bottom panel is the top view of the mechanical actuator of Figure 13.

Figure 15 right panel is schematically illustrating for thermal actuator, and left panel shows the change of temperature as time goes by, Increase comprising adapting to the temperature in 2 seconds from 29 DEG C to 45 DEG C.Heating surface (area) (HS is approximation 3mm x 4mm.

The representative example of Figure 16 peripheral control unit, comprising for controlling individual actuator device (in this feelings via wireless communication Under condition, four actuators) graphical user interface.Actuator can be independently controlled in on/off configuration.

The scalability of Figure 17 device described herein schematically illustrates, and can individually control next arrogant Actuator in number and large area coverage.

Figure 18 is schematically illustrating for a type of sensor (in particular, pressure sensor).

Figure 19 schematically shows actuator and sensor device, and wherein sensor is configured for feedback loop configuration In autonomous actuator control to ensure to reach and/or maintain the wanted physical parameter sensed on skin by sensor.Sensing Device can also act as error protection to ensure that actuator will not generate the physical parameter except level of security, and close to the level When, actuator can automatically power off.

Figure 20 be epidermis VR device schematically illustrate and optical imagery.

Figure 21 summarizes the analysis of the mechanical actuator of epidermis VR device.

Figure 22 summarizes the analysis of the wireless power optimization of epidermis VR device.

Figure 23 provides the circuit diagram and characterization of the radio operating system of epidermis VR device.

The example that Figure 24 is provided for mount to the skin factor of different VR device of the different location in main body.

Specific embodiment

In general, the meaning that there is its field to generally acknowledge for the term as used herein and phrase, can with reference standard text, Magazine bibliography and situation known to those skilled in the art are found.It provides defined below to illustrate it in feelings of the invention Special-purpose under border.

" wireless controller " refers to airborne chip and other electronic building bricks, provides in the case where not physically connected long-range Control the ability and data communication requirements of actuator and other controllable components (such as sensor).In certain embodiments, Controller may also refer to electronic device/calculating and complementary component, and long-range individual makes to be used to control wearing or with other sides Formula is installed to the actuator devices of another individual (being herein commonly referred to as " peripheral control unit ").

" power capture " refer to so as to export energy from external source and can avoid needing whereby it is relatively large bulky and The process of expensive primary or secondary battery system.Certainly, device presented herein can be with battery and/or supercapacitor Compatible, this depends on application of interest.For example, relatively heavy or bulky system can be incorporated into clothing, shoes, In cap, gloves, shawl, cover or the like so that its for a user will not noticeable or bottom line can examine Feel.

Periphery refers to the length of the single coil of antenna, and the occupied area that reflection is occupied by antenna.For small area day Line can be 10cm.For large area antenna, the periphery of device, such as 40cm may be up to.It, can by increasing coil count Reach a series of length.

" effective body surface area " refers to effective coverage of virtual reality device provided herein.By by actuator and biography Sensor specialized packet together, and then uses those multiple groups, can be able to achieve high surface area coverage.

This high surface area coverage can be promoted by placing the device in the clothes and covering worn.This The use of class grouping increases the effective surface area of actuating.

" flexibility " or " flexible ", which refers to material, structure, device or device assembly, can be deformed into bending or bent Shape, and do not suffer from and introduce the transformation that significantly strains, for example, characterization material, structure, device or device assembly fault point strain. In an exemplary embodiment, flexible material, structure, device or device assembly may be deformed to curved shape, without straining In sensitizing range introduce be greater than or equal to 5%, for some applications be greater than or equal to 1%, and other application is greater than or Strain equal to 0.5%.As used herein, some (but being not necessarily whole) flexible structures are also stretchable.A variety of property Matter provides flexible structure of the invention (for example, device assembly), includes material properties, such as low modulus, bending hardness and flexure Rigidity；Physical size, such as small average thickness (for example, less than 100 microns, optionally less than 10 microns, and optionally less than 1 Micron)；And device geometry, such as film and opening or grid geometry.

" spatially be distributed " refer to actuator or sensor arrangement be so that its can independently control and with skin surface Different location interfaces with.Depending on situation, spatially distribution can be referred to the position of device on the skin, or can be referred to the multiple cause The position of each of dynamic device relative to each other.

" interaction " refers to the ability that actuator realizes the variation of underlying surfaces.The change can be via such as physical force, temperature The change that the receptors such as degree, pressure mediate, via mechanotransduction and subsequent nerve impulse or passes through chemistry mediation by individual Receptor combines and signal transduction detects." interface " refers to actuator and surface interaction or the physics on sensor detection surface is joined Several abilities.

" being operably connected " refers to the configuration of element, and the movement or reaction of one of element influence another element, but So that keeping the functionality of each element.For example, it is operably connected to the wireless control such as NFC chip of actuator Device is referred to according to the functionality by the received control command excitation actuator of controller without influencing wireless controller and actuator Ability.

It is " stretchable " to refer to material, structure, device or the strain of device assembly experience without the ability of fracture.Show one In exemplary embodiment, Stretch material, structure, device or device assembly can be undergone greater than 0.5% strain and not broken, for Some applications are not broken greater than 1% strain, and not broken greater than 3% strain for other application.As herein Used in, many stretchable structures are also flexible.Some stretchable structures (for example, device assembly) are engineered with energy Enough experience compressions, elongation and/or distortion are so as to deform and not broken.Stretchable structure includes can such as elastomer The membrane structure of expanded material；It is able to carry out the warp architecture of elongation, compression and/or torsional motion；And there is island-bridge geometry The structure of shape.Stretchable device assembly includes the structure with the stretchable interconnection piece such as stretchable electrical interconnection.Such as this Used in text, be mounted directly to the embodiment of skin for wherein device, device may be characterized as it is stretchable, comprising stretchable and Flexibility contacts optionally to realize with well complying with for the skin that underlies." tool compliance " refers to the curved of device, material or substrate Bent hardness is sufficiently low and elastic sufficiently high to allow device, material or substrate using desired contour configuration, and including can be with the time The profile configuration changed is elapsed, such as allows to comply with the profile structure of contact with the surface of the pattern with recess or recessed features Type, or.In certain embodiments, desired contour configuration is the profile structure of the tissue in the biotic environment such as skin or epidermis Type.

" neighbouring " refers in biological surface or skin is located so that actuator can be interfaced with the biomaterial that underlies for device. Described interface with can be by means of physical force (such as apply pressure) on the surface, electro photoluminescence, optical signalling or heating, or can be Compared with interfacing with for biological or chemical, such as the release of biological or chemical reagent.Similarly, the context interfaced in sensor and surface In neighbouring reference sensor can measure the parameters of interest on skin or below skin, such as blood flow, oxygen content, temperature, Optical parameter, tissue hardness, humidity etc..Correspondingly, if device is mounted directly to surface or has comprising adhesive and/or resistance The intervening layer of interlayer, then device is considered as neighbouring, as long as maintaining the functionality of actuator or sensor.It is neighbouring also Be described as be in skin surface 1mm, 500 μm, 100 μm, in 10 μm or 1 μm.

" wireless controller " refers to the electronic building brick comprising chip, provides the wireless control of actuator.Wireless controller Example be near-field communication (NFC) chip, include the NFC chip from Texas Instruments company.

NFC is the radio technology of the two-way short-distance wireless communication between realization device.By this method, outside actuator devices The controller (for example, disconnecting circuit) in portion can be used for providing actuator control and receive the information from actuator devices, include From one or more unit states or information for connecting circuit sensor.

" substrate " refers to the material with the surface for capableing of support construction, and the structure includes described herein any Electronic device or electronic device assembly include actuator, sensor, antenna and associated circuitry.It supports comprising component at least Partially or completely it is embedded in substrate." in conjunction with " to substrate structure refer to structure with the substrate physical contact and can not The substantially mobile part of the substrate surface being integrated to relative to it.In comparison, unbonded part can relative to substrate into Row essence is mobile.

" polymer " refer to the macromolecular being made of the constitutional repeating unit that covalent chemical be keyed or it is one or more singly The polymerizate (being usually characterized as high molecular weight) of body.Term polymer includes homopolymer, or substantially by single repeated monomer The polymer of subelement composition.Term polymer also includes copolymer, or substantially by two or more monomer subelements The polymer of composition, such as randomcopolymer, block polymer, alternate copolymer, segmentation copolymer, graft copolymer, taper Copolymer and other copolymers.Useful polymer includes organic polymer or inorganic polymer, and can be determined in amorphous, half nothing Shape, crystal or partial crystals state.Cross-linked polymer with link monomer chain is particularly suitable for some applications.The side Available polymer is moulded including (but not limited to) plastics, elastomer, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), elasticity in method, device and device assembly Glue, thermoplastic object and acrylate.Exemplary polymer is including (but not limited to) acetal polymer, biodegradable polymers, fibre Tie up plain polymer, fluoropolymer, nylon, polyacrylonitrile polymer, polyamide-imide polymer, polyimides, polyarylate, Polybenzimidazoles, polybutene, polycarbonate, polyester, polyetherimide, polyethylene, polyethylene and ethylene copolymers and modified polyethylene, Polyketone, poly- (methyl methacrylate), polymethylpentene, polyphenylene oxide and polyphenylene sulfide, polypropylene, gather polyphthalamide Carbamate, styrene resin, the resin based on sulfone, the resin based on vinyl, rubber (include natural rubber, benzene second Alkene-butadiene, polybutadiene, neoprene, ethylene-propylene, butyl, nitrile, silicone resin), it is acrylic acid, nylon, polycarbonate, poly- Ester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin or these any combination.

" elastomer " refers to stretchable or deformation and the polymerization material for returning to its original-shape and unsubstantial permanent deformation Material.Elastomer is usually subjected to substantive flexible deformation.Useful elastomer include polymer, copolymer, composite material or The elastomer of the mixture of polymer and copolymer.Elastomer layer refers to the layer including at least one elastomer.Elastomer layer is also It may include dopant and other non-elastic materials.

Useful elastomer including (but not limited to) thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), styrenic material, olefin material, polyolefin, Polyurethane termoplastic elastomer, polyamide, synthetic rubber, PDMS, polybutadiene, polyisobutene, poly- (styrene-butadiene-benzene Ethylene), polyurethanes, polychlorobutadiene and silicone resin.In some embodiments, elastomeric stamp includes elastomer.Demonstration Property elastomer including (but not limited to) silicon-containing polymer, such as include poly- (dimethyl siloxane) (that is, PDMS and h-PDMS), poly- It is (methylsiloxane), partially alkylated poly- (methylsiloxane), poly- (alkyl methyl siloxane) and poly- (phenyl methyl siloxane) Polysiloxanes, silicon modify elastomer, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), styrenic material, olefin material, polyolefin, polyurethane thermal-plastic Property elastomer, polyamide, synthetic rubber, polyisobutene, poly- (s-B-S), polyurethanes, polychlorostyrene Butadiene and silicone resin.In one embodiment, flexible polymer is flexible elastomer.

" Young's modulus " and " modulus " is interchangeably used and refers to the engineering properties of material, device or layer, and reference is given The stress and strain ratio of earnest matter.Young's modulus can be provided by following formula；

Wherein E is Young's modulus, L₀For equilibrium length, Δ L by length under application stress change, F is exerted forces, And A is the area in applied force above.Young's modulus can also be expressed via following equation according to Lame constants:

Wherein λ and μ is Lame constants.High Young's modulus (or " high-modulus ") and low Young's modulus (or " low modulus ") be to Determine the relative descriptors of the magnitude of the Young's modulus in material, layer or device.In some embodiments, high Young's modulus is than low poplar Family name's modulus is big, 10 times big preferably for some applications, more preferably 100 times big for other application, and even more preferably It is 1000 times big for other application." heterogeneous Young's modulus ", which refers to, has spatially variation (for example, changing with surface location Become) Young's modulus material.Material with heterogeneous Young's modulus optionally according to " large quantities of " of entire material layer or " average " Young's modulus describes.

" bending hardness " be description material, device or layer to the material of the resistance of applied bending moment, device or The engineering properties of layer.In general, bending hardness is defined as the modulus of the inertia of material, device or layer and the product of area moment.Tool There is the material of heterogeneous bending hardness optionally to describe according to " large quantities of " of entire material layer or " average " bending hardness.

" being encapsulated " refers to the orientation of a structure so that it is at least partly and completely one or more in some cases Other structures are surround." being partially encapsulated " refer to a structure orientation so that its part by one or more of the other structure ring around. " being encapsulated completely " refer to a structure orientation so that its completely by one or more of the other structure ring around.The present invention includes to have The device of the electronic device, device assembly and/or the inorganic semiconductor component that are partially or completely encapsulated.

" component " is used to be generally referred electricity, optics, the mechanically or thermally individual elements in device.Component includes (but not Be limited to) photodiode, LED, TFT, electrode, semiconductor, other light collection/detection components, transistor, integrated circuit, can The engagement pad of holding device component, film apparatus, circuit element, control element, microprocessor, energy converter and combinations thereof.Electrically Device generally refers to incorporate the device of multiple device assemblies, and includes Large area electronics, printing electrical wire board, integrated electricity Road, device assembly array, biology and/or chemical sensor, physical actuation device and sensor (for example, temperature, light, radiation etc.).

" sensor " reference can be used as sensor and/or can be used for detecting physical property, object, radiation and/or chemicals Presence, be not present, measure, the device assembly of magnitude or intensity.Sensor is to convert bio signal in some embodiments At electrical signal, optical signalling, wireless signal, acoustic signal etc..Useful sensing element including (but not limited to) electrode member, Chemistry or biosensor component, pH sensor, optical sensor, photodiode, temperature sensor, capacitive sensor, Strain transducer, acceleration transducer, movable sensor, displacement sensor, pressure sensor, acoustic sensor or these group It closes.

" actuator " reference can be used for interacting with external structure, material or fluid (for example, biological tissue), stimulate, control, Or the device assembly of the external structure, material or fluid is influenced in other ways.The useful actuating element of actuator includes (but being not limited to) electrode member, electromagnetic radiation element, light emitting diode, laser, the magnet in oscillating magnetic field, chemistry or Biological mould release and heating element.Actuator includes for providing the electrode of voltage or electric current to tissue, for providing to tissue The heater of heat, the mechanical actuator for generating power or pressure to tissue.Actuator may include for providing electromagnetism to tissue The electromagnetic radiation source of radiation.Actuator includes for the heat source for tissue heating.Actuator include for make tissue displacement or with The displacement source of the mobile tissue of other way.

Example 1: the device containing actuator

The actuator devices of Fig. 1-2,3A and 3B description demonstration have the square occupied area of 3 " x3 ", in this example The actuator of seven independent controls is spatially separated in circular array configuration, and one of actuator is in origin and other causes Dynamic device is spatially distributed in around the center actuator at origin.Device be it is wireless and can be if necessary in no battery in the case where Operation.In addition, device is readily scalable with the occupied area with any size, and can be laid in main body, and without limitation.Device With a certain range of design flexibility, comprising the design flexibility in terms of size, shape and form factor, and has and be described For soft, flexible and flexible mechanical property.Device is easy to manufacture.

Fig. 1 is to show multiple actuators 10 being spatially distributed to be connected to wireless controller 20 and wireless power system 30 Actuation means circuit diagram.Wireless power system may include the large area day for wireless power capture and the power supply of actuator Line 40.Small area antenna 50 can power to operational command signal (for example, signal of communication) and send it to wireless controller 20.The single controllable one or more actuators 10 of wireless controller 20.In this example, single wireless controller 20 controls more A actuator 10, in particular seven actuators.In the given practice energy for carrying out wireless power capture with this form factor device In the case where measuring limitation, this is advantageous electrical management.Electrical management may include switch 60, independent by controller 20 Ground controls so that only effectively an actuator, such as other six switches is motivated to be usefully in disconnection at any given time State is to be electrically isolated actuator.This can be realized by following operation: actuator Rapid Circulation, so that more anti-than mechanoceptor It answers faster, so that the physical sensation that individual experience is connected to all actuators, but its positive Rapid Circulation is to reduce power demand.Its Its electronic building brick includes diode 70 and capacitor 80.Fig. 2 is the circuit layout of no actuator, and Fig. 3 A marks various components. Fig. 3 B includes seven actuators, specifically shows how single NFC chip 20 can wirelessly and by wireless power capture Control multiple actuators 10.

Fig. 4 is the optical imagery of epidermis VR device.Device manufacturing can coat polyimides (the PI-12.5 μ of 18pm thickness Cu M is thick) sheet material starts.Those Cu sheet materials are laminated to the chip or glass slide (continuing 1 minute with 3000rpm spin) of coating PDMS It disposes on substrate.Flexible Cu circuit board is by the wet chemical etch using Cu etchant via AZ4620 photoresist (PR) Hard baking mask patterning to two coils and connecting wire/patch.Photoresist is removed by the cleaning of acetone.This Place is the design of epidermis VR device, it includes the big aerial coil 40 of the square shape for power capture (3 × 3 inches, 7.62x7.62cm), the miniature antenna coil 50 (diameter of 3.5cm) of the circular shape and for wireless communication.Correspondingly, greatly Area antenna can be positioned on around the periphery of substrate, such as in outermost the 5% of substrate dimension or 10%.Photosensitive pore-forming on PI The flexible Cu circuit board of (photo defined) using PI as Cu sealer carry out spin coating, and in vacuum oven It is baked firmly at 250 DEG C 75 minutes.Thin PI protective layer prevents the oxidation on the surface Cu, and also prevents the scratch during device manufacturing. The opening offer across PI formed by the March RIE of the pattern across AZ4620PR is to electronic component/contact patch with Cu The wire welding of piece accesses.Then, such as mechanical actuator, capacitor, resistor, electronic switch and wireless controller (example Such as, NFC chip) etc. electronic components be welded on Cu circuit board.These electronic components (except mechanical actuator) are commercially available.This The thickness of a little parts is less than 1mm.Next, by topple over a small amount of low modulus PDMS silicone and then solidify in 70 DEG C of ovens it is whole It is encapsulated described device yesterday.Device carefully from disposition substrate desquamation and is transmitted to silicone-coatingSpandex Woven fabric.CoatingWoven fabric have it is high flexible and stretchable (up to 200% degree of drawing).3x3 inch device includes 7 A mechanical actuator.The general thickness of actuator devices is less than 3mm, and weight is about 30g.As shown in Figure 5, device can be It is flexible and soft, to promote the compliance (Fig. 6 A-6B) with epidermis or skin.

Fig. 7 shows the details of IC switch.Exemplary switch, which is shown as having, is connected to big antenna, miniature antenna and actuator 5 ports: V_outTwo terminals of mechanical actuator Cu coil are connected to grounding ports, close to V_outA V_ccPort connection To big coil as V_inFor arriving the power supply of mechanical actuator, another V_ccPort is connected to the Tl NFC core on small coil The V of piece (wireless controller)_cc, as controlled V_cc, the last one port is connected to the GPIO port of NFC chip.Work as GPIO port When providing high voltage, switch is disconnected, therefore the output of actuator disconnects.In comparison, when the voltage of GPIO port is low or zero When (centre and lower panel referring to Fig. 7), the output of actuator is connected.Because GPIO port is programmed with specific frequency, institute It is vibrated at these frequencies with mechanical actuator.These actuators can individually be worked by switching GPIO control port.It is right In present apparatus, it is less than 0.1s from an actuator to the switching time of another actuator.

Software programming and actuator control: as previously mentioned, vibration is generated by oscillating magnet, and oscillating magnet is again due to line The magnetic field caused in circle and vibrate.It for example, can be by from 15693 sensor response of RF430FRL15xH NFC ISO 200Hz square wave is applied to coil to realize by device (Texas instrument company).

NFC chip is programmed using code debugging device (Code Composer Studio, CCS) to generate this signal.This is logical It crosses and replaces the output of GPIO (general purpose I/O) port between high and low to carry out.Chip in built-in timer is for obtaining Required frequency.Built-in system frequency utilizes sub- master clock (sub-main clock, SMCLK), 2MHz.Therefore, square wave can Energy frequency range arrives 1MHz (approximation) for 0.Single NFC chip runs 8 GPIO ports, and each GPIO port can be compiled independently Journey.Certainly, the chip of the port with higher number is easily incorporated into device described herein.Vibrating sensor Example: single transponder and single actuator, and single transponder and multiple actuators.

The program of NFC chip also incorporates interrupt mechanism, serves as the control generated for square wave.It can be by being posted specific Specific hexadecimal value is written in storage and exports square-wave signal so as to cause GPIO port to trigger this interruption.It can be by identical Any other hexadecimal value is written in register to deactivate the interruption.Therefore, the controlling mechanism served as square wave is interrupted. Such hexadecimal command is via NFC data exchange format (NDEF) message transmission.

Required NDEF message is written in NFC chip using RF reader.RF reader can be the ID of FEIG ISC.LRM2500-A is operated at 13.56 mhz.Its output power range be 2W to 12W, and its can via USB port to Computer communication.The writing process using the RF reader with customization GUI is controlled using the latter.GUI shows RF reader With the connection status of computer.If state is to disconnect, pressable button is to rebuild connection.Once RF reader is connected to meter Initialization button may be used in calculation machine.This is currently by RF power setting between 4W to 12W.To change power to select The feature of wanted power can be added to GUI.If can also be incorporated into the feature to automatic tuned antenna using dynamic antenna.

Once system initialization then obtains the tag ID of all NFC chips in field using inventory button.These ID is listed in drop-down menu, and drop-down menu can be used for selecting wanted NFC chip.Then can be connected using switching regulator button and Disconnect selected device.When being directed to the on and off of transponder via RF reader command, time delay is inevitable, because It is limited to 25ms when sending each order for RF reader.For example, the manual operation (on and off) of actuator, wherein manually Switching regulator button is clicked on ground will generate 50ms delay until the operation of next actuator.

Fig. 8 illustrate epidermis VR application, dependent on comprising the various actuatings such as machinery, heat it is high it is stretchable spend/it is soft Property device.These devices can be laminated or temporarily " escutcheon " in any part of skin (referring to such as Fig. 6 B), upwards from head It is passed through to foot and reaches whole body.All these actuators are wirelessly controlled and are powered.Correspondingly, when broadcasting match, video Subjects feel is to " touch ", " impact ", " heat " etc. whens communication etc., without physically by the hard-wired limit of external module System.

Referring to human epidermal/dermal organ/tissue mechanoceptor, Meissneer corpusculum and Pacinican corpusculum (Fig. 9) is most sensitive part.They are responsible for existing when vibration frequency is about 200Hz with the susceptibility for being up to several microns of strain amplitudes Sense vibrations on skin.In this way, the generation of 200Hz pulse actuating is important physical in need of consideration for mechanical actuator Parameter.Other frequency ranges are critically important for other machinery signal transduction scheme and sensing mode.For example, less than 40Hz's Frequency is usually perceived as " touching, pressing ", needs the actuator of intensity to simulate this touch.When being greater than 40Hz, matter Sense (texture) can make the dermal sensation of the mankind to vibration, and the substantial scope of those vibrations is 40Hz to 300Hz.For reference Purpose, the vibration frequency of motor is typically larger than 55Hz in cellular phone.

It is filled comprising the epidermis VR of the big aerial coil 40 for power capture and 50 coil of miniature antenna for wireless communication The representative design set is provided in Figure 10.Actuating system is manufactured on high degree of drawing substrate 100, suitable on skin to promote It should coat and steadily and surely operate, in the case where larger skin deformation so.NFC chip 20 can be used in use in systems Communication and wireless control.For example, the number of actuator 10, antenna coil dimensions and relative spacing may depend on main body installation Region and application of interest and change.Big aerial coil may act as wireless power supply, and miniature antenna coil is as wireless control " remote controler ".Small coil is electronically connect with NFC chip, and the chip can control multiple actuators.Actuator devices It can be supported by the super flexible substrate 100 such as such as fabric, polymer, rubber, flexible plastic.Spatially divide although example shows seven Cloth, but any of relative positioning of the size of coil, actuator number, electronic building brick is alterable, comprising depending on main body Installation region and application of interest.

Figure 11 shows the embodiment of device circuit and electronics schema, comprising applying for epidermis VR.Energy capture part is big Coil and capacitor, resistor, diodes in parallel or series connection are to optimize the RF power generated from given antenna (antenna L). It is 30mW to 120mW by the power bracket that 3x3 inch square coil generates, giving antenna power is that 4W to 12W (is based on device Between 5cm operating distance and power supply RF calculate).Small coil is connected to wireless controller chip (such as Tl NFC chip), often One NFC chip has multiple output/control sections；In this illustrative embodiments, 8 output/control ports (GPIO port), The ON/OFF for controlling various actuators is carried out comprising the control by switch.For the sake of simplicity, Figure 11 show single actuator/ Switch pair.Vibration frequency can be controlled in 0Hz until vibrating generally for the mankind using 200Hz, this is attributed between 500Hz Human skin machinery recipient property.The GPIO port of NFC chip is programmed with set specific frequency signal, with the on and off of control switch State.Alternatively, can by integrate DC electric power can be converted to the oscillator of 200Hz (or any other required frequency) signal come It generates 200Hz signal (referring to such as Figure 12).Switch (is shown as with GPIO port, big aerial coil and actuator in this example Mechanical actuator) connection.Certainly, any kind of actuator can be incorporated into circuit, comprising depend on wanted physical responses and Heat, pressure, chemistry or the other actuators of selection.Antenna L (larger): power supply, it is higher than the power for powering for chip Power much, wherein power is determined by RF power, coil dimension etc..Antenna S (smaller): control section programs multiple GP I/ O port is connect with the 200Hz ON/OFF of control switch, every Single port with a device.Antenna L and S can share a RF, and two Person works at 13.56 mhz.

Figure 12 shows two representative designs of oscillator.It can be adjusted by changing the value of capacitor and/or resistor Frequency of oscillation.By this method, DC electric power is converted to the 200Hz output that for example can be used for controlling mechanical actuator.

Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of a type of mechanical actuator.The design is by using finite element analysis (FEA) Numerical simulation understands.In this example, actuating means are to promote dynamic magnetic field within the scope of 0 to 500Hz by Lorentz force The controlled vibration of middle magnet.For example, magnet can be from 200Hz ON/OFF magnetic field variations.Mechanical actuator can be by Cu coil 1300, the ring mould 1310 made of polymeric layer (PDMS) and permanent magnet disc 1320 are formed, the ring mould tool There is a recess 1340 that internal diameter is 7mm and total PDMS diameter is 1cm, and the permanent magnet disc has about 3 to straight between 5mm Diameter and 0.5 is positioned in PDMS recess 1340 to the thickness between 1.5mm.Once dynamic electric voltage is input in Cu coil, just The ON/OFF magnetic field under specific frequency is generated, therefore, magnet will be vibrated via Lorentz force, therefore magnet shakes under selected frequency It is dynamic.According to FEA simulation and electromagnetic principle, the number of turns for increasing Cu coil will increase magnetic field strength.Consider Cu coil thickness and magnetism The balance of intensity, we select the Cu wire rod (50 μm) of about 300 circles of winding as coil.Therefore, actuator in this example It is typically configured to PDMS ring 1310, bottom Cu coil 1300 and top magnet 1320.Magnet passes through photosensitive pore-forming/March RIE (12.5 μm) fixations of thin PI layer 1330 of pore-forming are to maintain away from Cu coil~0.3mm small―gap suture.Between between magnet and coil Gap may be selected such that realization maximum vibration.The overall thickness of actuator is about 2mm, and weight is about 2.5g.Figure 14 provides Figure 13's The side view (top panel) and top view (bottom panel) of mechanical actuator.

Thermal actuator 1500 is shown in Figure 15.Heater can have about 50 μm of width.Thermal actuation can be dependent on for machine The same wireless electric power of tool examples of actuators description.Use the photolithographic fabrication thermal actuator of electron beam vaporization 200nm Au film. Pattern is square shape, the wire width with 3x4 μm of area and 50pm.The temperature of these thermal actuators can be quick Increase, left panel, which is shown, increased to 45 DEG C from 29 DEG C in several seconds.In this example, big antenna 40 is directly powered for thermal actuator And heat is generated by resistance heating, the image in left side is thermal actuation and gained temperature in the case where antenna power supply big by 3 " x 3 " Spend the representative example changed.

Figure 16 shows peripheral control unit 1600, is embodied in the case and runs and regard on the computing device over the display In the software control panel shown in feel.In this example, device includes four actuators, and each in this four actuators It is a to identify and show according to software interface in external control platform via wireless communication.Those actuators then can respectively via Interface is remotely controlled, comprising independently, remotely and wirelessly turning on/off.Actuating system with 4 actuators System is tested under fed antenna.Confirm the vibration signal of 200Hz.It by this method, can be during Video chat, game etc. from third The people for the long range positioning that direction is just being contacted with any of actuation means described herein provides virtual experience.

Actuation means provided herein are particularly suited for scaling, comprising by being incorporated to multiple actuating dresses in a system It sets, wherein each actuation means include multiple actuators being spatially distributed.For example, Figure 17 schematically shows multiple causes Two-way communication between dynamic device 5 (being also interchangeably referred to as " biological interactive device "), wherein each actuation means 5 include multiple Actuator 10 (is illustrated as 7 actuators).Six double-ended arrows 1700 emphasize the two-way communication between device.By this method, it fills Setting one in 5 state can be used for realizing change in different device 5.It in this respect can be for further comprising one or more The actuator devices of sensor 12 are even more important.Physical parameter can directly be measured with sensor 12 and for controlling via transmission 1700 Make another device 5.As described herein, peripheral control unit 1600 can provide one-way or bi-directional communication with actuator devices 5 1710.It include the embodiment of both actuator 10 and sensor 12 for wherein actuator devices 5, (directly with controller 1600 Or indirectly via one or more wireless communication components) two-way communication 1710 (include and NFC chip 20) to far from another The individual of body provides general controls and feedback.Certainly, the two-way communication is all also when using actuation means in two individuals Useful, it is capable of providing in the real time execution for sensor and/or actuation control and feeds back.Even if without this effective Feedback, Two-way communication can also be used for remote user in having positioned and the confirmation of available actuator, and excitation, disconnect or related The actuator devices state of the value of actuation parameter (temperature, power, pressure, vibration frequency, electric field, optics etc.).As needed, it is used for nothing The high ability component of line communication can be positioned on device 5 nearby so that communication energy is improved and promoted in the case where not interfering user Power.

Sensor: device provided herein is compatible with a series of sensors.An exemplary sensing for measuring pressure Device is shown in FIG. 18.Pressure sensor 1800 can be the Silicon pressure sensing formed by ultra-thin spiral-shaped monocrystalline silicon layer 1810 Device.Pressure sensor may include the silicon layer being positioned between top polymeric layer 1820 and bottom polymeric layer 1830.Other groups Part may include PI layer 1840, NFC coil 1850, bridge 1860, NFC chip 1870.Adhesive phase 1880 (such as adhesive tape) can promote Enter being mounted directly for skin.Alternatively, as described herein, sensor together with actuator can be incorporated into substrate or on, Whole device is incorporated into such as clothing.

Figure 19 shows sensor and is incorporated in any of actuator system (comprising biological interactive device), to provide certainly Main or semi-autonomous functionality.For example, peripheral control unit 1600 can provide unidirectional with 12 device 5 of actuator 10 and sensor Or two-way communication 1710.Once providing actuating signal, then sensor 12 can be provided via the communication 1900 with controller chip 20 Feedback control.By this method, sensor can be used for independently measuring parameter of interest and for controlling actuating further with true Guarantor reaches desired level.By this method, device is characterized as being with autonomous or semi-autonomous functionality.For example, if communication 1710 instruction actuators generate particular activated level (for example, temperature, pressure etc.), then sensor 12 can measure described in the tissue Parameter level (for example, temperature, pressure etc.), and provided then to controller 20 and order and controlled to ensure suitably to activate on device Level is applied to skin to realize the wanted parameter level in skin.This is also a kind of useful error protection, wherein existing Stop actuating in the case where undesirable off-limits parameter measurement (such as temperature, pressure etc.).Pressure sensor is available Pressure on constantly measurement skin, and once reach wanted stress level and continue wanted time horizon, then actuator can break Electricity.

The characterization of example 2:VR device.

Figure 20 shows exemplary VR device.Panel a is the decomposition diagram of the epidermis VR device with 32 mechanical actuators Meaning explanation.Exploded view auxiliary visualizes various components and layer, includes actuator (further showing in panel b-f), is supported in For promoting to contact with complying with for skin comfort on flexible substrate (being labeled as " soft PDMS ").Other shown components include electricity Sub-component, flexible circuit, NFC electronic device (further being shown in panel g, image is shown in panel h and i).Panel b is to cause Dynamic device schematically illustrates.Panel c and d are the schematic diagrames for the actuator inspected from top (c) and bottom (d).Panel e and f are The optical imagery for the actuator inspected from top (e) and bottom (f).Panel g is the NFC electronic device with flexibility Cu circuit It schematically illustrates.Illustration shows the enlarged drawing of serpentine shaped Cu coil.Panel h and i are before (h) and to integrate electronic building brick The optical imagery of NFC coil after device 2.Device it is mountable in biological tissue be used for Additional characterization, together with bending, distortion It is characterized with stretching.

The analysis of Figure 21 general introduction mechanical actuator.Panel a show it is contactless in the case where mechanical actuator the vibration measured Width-frequency response.Panel b-d is shown in contact different-stiffness: the artificial skin of 60kPa (b), 130kPa (c) and 200kPa (d) When mechanical actuator measure amplitude-frequency response.Panel e is the resonance frequency of actuator as tested artificial skin The function of modulus.Panel f is the FEA result that the traveling amplitude of actuator of skin is contacted under the applied power of 40mW.Face Plate g is function of the traveling amplitude of actuator as applied power.Panel h and i are the actuators under various vibration modes Schematically illustrate (h) and FEA (i) of mechanical attachment.

Figure 22 shows the wireless power optimization of epidermis VR device.Panel a is that have 3 dimensions used in these examples RF reader schematically illustrate and the optical imagery of two RF readers 318x318mm and 620x852mm.Panel b and c It is distance of the FEA relative to Z-direction of the magnetic field strength of two RF readers.Panel d and e are the energy captures of epidermis VR device Function of the power of coil measured as the distance of Z-direction.Panel f is the signal of the intermediate coil on the top of RF reader Property explanation.Panel g is function of the simulation average field strength of intermediate coil as distance.Panel h is when in RF reader The FEA of the magnetic field strength of intermediate coil when on top.Panel i is the power of the epidermis VR device when introducing intermediate coil measured Function as distance.

Figure 23 shows the radio operating system of epidermis VR device.Panel a and b are the circuit diagrams of epidermis VR device, are had Power capture coil (a) and several control modules (b), each control module have NFC coil and chip, and 8 actuators are by 8 IC switch independently controls.Panel c is the schematic diagram of the working principle of IC switch and switch.The output voltage of IC switch is by NFC The GPIO port of chip controls.Panel d is the working principle that order is sent from operating system.The GPIO port of each NFC chip It is limited by two byte-orders, all actuators can be started in any form by the combination of 8 bytes.Panel e is by 4 NFC The response time of the actuator of chip controls.Panel f is to be switched to from an actuator response time of another actuator to put Big figure.Panel g and h show a part that software interface can be used as the control system of epidermis VR device.

Figure 24 show device presented herein can for device be located in where go main body adjusted it is any The geometric configurations of number.For example, Figure 24 shows device and is mounted on the back of the hand, forearm, biceps, groin and back On.

About being herein incorporated by reference and the statement of modification

Through all bibliography of the application, such as the patent document comprising the patent or equivalent having issued or authorized； Patent application publication；It with Non Patent Literature Documents or other original materials, is specially incorporated herein in a full-text reference way, such as General with being individually herein incorporated by reference, degree makes each bibliography at least partly will not be with the public affairs in the application It is inconsistent (for example, by the inconsistent bibliography in part to draw other than the inconsistent part in the part of bibliography to open content Mode is incorporated to).

For example, entitled " the mountable sensor of wireless surface and cause that Rogers etc. was submitted on January 26th, 2018 The PCT/US18/15389 of dynamic device (WIRELESS SURFACE MOUNTABLE SENSORS AND ACTUATORS) " is to quote Mode be specifically incorporated to, comprising for sensor, actuator, wireless module (include power and communication system, NFC chip Deng).

The terms and expressions used herein are used as descriptive term rather than limit, and the use of such terms and expressions It is not intended to exclude any equivalent of feature of institute's showing and describsion or part thereof, but should be understood that in required sheet Various modifications are possible in the range of invention.It will be understood, therefore, that although the present invention has passed through preferred embodiment, demonstration in fact It applies example and optional feature is particularly disclosed, but those skilled in the art can carry out concept disclosed herein Modifications and variations, and such modifications and variations are considered as belonging in the scope of the invention limited such as the appended claims.Herein The specific embodiment of offer is the example of useful embodiment of the invention, and those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention It can be used a large amount of variations of the device stated in current description content, device assembly, method and step to carry out.Such as fields Technical staff will be evident that method and the device that can be used for current method may include a large amount of optional combinations and processing element and step Suddenly.

When substitute group disclosed herein, it should be understood that individually disclose all individual members of group and all subgroups. When Markush used herein (Markush) group or other groupings, all individual members of group and the institute of group It is possible that combination and sub-portfolio expection are individually contained in the disclosure.

Unless otherwise stated, every kind of composite of the component for being otherwise described herein or illustrating or combination can be to practice this Invention.

Whenever giving a certain range in the description (for example, power bracket, device number, actuator number, frequency model Enclose, length range, temperature range, time range or composition or concentration range) when, all intermediate ranges and subrange and institute Include in given range it is all be worth individually it is set comprising in the disclosure.It should be understood that including in description herein content Any subrange or individual values in range or subrange can be excluded from the claims hereof.

All patents referred in this specification and the open technical ability water for all indicating those skilled in the art in the invention It is flat.Bibliography enumerated herein is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety to indicate by its disclosure or the technology of the applying date Level, and it is desirable that this information can be optionally used herein to exclude specific embodiment in the prior art.

For example, when requiring material composition, it should be appreciated that known in the art before the invention of applicant and can Compound, comprising for it, the compound for the disclosure that can be realized is made us in offer in bibliography enumerated herein, no Wish included in the material composition claim of this paper.

As used herein, " comprising " and "comprising", " containing " or " being characterized as " it is synonymous, and be inclusive or open Formula and be not excluded for the additionally element that does not describe or method and step.As used herein, " by ... form " exclude claim want Unspecified any element, step or ingredient in element.As used herein, " substantially by ... form " be not excluded for will not Substantially influence the material or step of the basic and novel characteristics of claim.In each situation herein, term " includes ", " substantially by ... form " and " by ... form " any of can be substituted for any of other two terms.It can be with Compatibly practiced herein there is no any one multiple element not specifically disclosed herein, one or more limitations The invention illustratively described.

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that starting material, biomaterial in addition to those of certain illustrated, Reactant, synthetic method, method of purification, analysis method, measuring method and biological method can be used in practice of the invention, and Without carrying out excessive experiment.Known functional equivalent is set in any such material and all spectra of method is included in this hair In bright.The terms and expressions used are used as descriptive term rather than limit, and use and the unawareness of such terms and expressions Figure excludes any equivalent of feature or part thereof of institute's showing and describsion, but should be understood that required of the invention Various modifications are possible in range.It will be understood, therefore, that although the present invention has passed through preferred embodiment and optional feature carries out spy It is not open, but those skilled in the art can modify and change to concept disclosed herein, and such repair Change and change and is considered as belonging in the scope of the invention limited such as the appended claims.