阅读说明：本技术 用于除颤的方法和设备 (Method and apparatus for defibrillation ) 是由 B·施瓦尔贝 F·赫尔曼 于 2018-04-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的设备用于除颤。在产生冲击的时刻,将能量从低电压区域传输到高电压区域,其中,在所述低电压区域中产生至少一个电流冲击,在所述高电压区域中转换所述至少一个电流冲击并将所述至少一个电流冲击传导至电极。在所述低电压区域中不仅使用能量供给而且使用功率电子器件和能量存储器。(Defibrillation is used for equipment according to the present invention according to the method for the present invention.At the time of generating impact, energy is transferred to high-voltage region from low-voltage region, wherein, at least one rush of current is generated in the low-voltage region, at least one described rush of current is converted in the high-voltage region and conducts at least one described rush of current to electrode.Energy supply is not used only in the low-voltage region and uses power electronic device and energy accumulator.)

1. a kind of equipment (1) for defibrillation, the equipment has low-voltage region and high-voltage region, wherein the low electricity Intermediate pressure section is coupled by least one converter (13) with the high-voltage region, wherein is arranged in the high-voltage region There are electrode (16,17), which is characterized in that be not only disposed with power supply (10) in the low-voltage region but also arrange There are power electronic component (11) and energy accumulator (12).

2. equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that can temporarily and when needed generate high voltage.

3. the equipment according at least one of above claim, which is characterized in that low voltage side be designed for until The voltage range of 400V.

4. the equipment according at least one of above claim, which is characterized in that the equipment can pass through processor (19) it is controlled, the processor is arranged in the low voltage side.

5. the equipment according at least one of above claim, which is characterized in that energy accumulator (12) construction For capacitor and/or it is configured to supercapacitor and/or is configured to battery and/or is configured to battery.

6. the equipment according at least one of above claim, which is characterized in that by the energy accumulator (12) It can be persistently stored energy, so that impact can be generated immediately after the switch by the equipment (1).

7. the equipment according at least one of above claim, which is characterized in that at least one described converter (13) With one or more armature windings and/or secondary windings.

8. equipment according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the armature winding of the converter (13) and/or it is secondary around At least two in group are formed by series circuit and/or parallel circuit combination.

9. the equipment according at least one of above claim, which is characterized in that one or more converters (13) The secondary windings is so connected in series, so that being able to use following electronic component in the high-voltage side: the electronics structure Part has maximum prescribed electric strength in the range of about 500V to about 1500V.

10. the equipment according at least one of above claim, which is characterized in that single-phase output arteries and veins can not only be generated Punching, and two-phase output pulse can be generated.

11. the equipment according at least one of above claim, which is characterized in that for by rush of current from described low The converter (21) that voltage regime is transformed into the high-voltage region is configured to resonance converter.

12. the equipment according at least one of above claim, which is characterized in that in the described of the converter (13) Primary side or primary side realize current measurement and/or voltage measurement (20).

13. a kind of method for defibrillation, wherein energy is transferred to high-voltage region from low-voltage region, wherein described At least one rush of current is generated in high-voltage region and conducts at least one described rush of current to electrode, and feature exists In, use correspond to claim 1 equipment (1).

14. according to the method for claim 13, which is characterized in that the generation of the rush of current in the high-voltage region It is controlled by processor (19), the processor is arranged in the low-voltage region.

15. method described at least one of 3 and 14 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method at least has following Step:

A. it is provided by the energy accumulator (12) in the low-voltage region for the rush of current in the high-voltage region Required energy；

B. electric pressure converter DC2 (21) is manipulated by the processor (19) being arranged in the low-voltage region, thus High voltage signal or rush of current are generated in the high-voltage side, wherein the electric pressure converter DC2 is at least one transformation Device (13)；

C. phase controlling is carried out to the high voltage signal or the rush of current, to selectively generate single-phase high voltage letter Number or two-phase high voltage signal or monophase current impact or biphase current impact；

D. the high voltage signal or the rush of current are exported to patient by the electrode (16,17), to realize punching Hit function or pacemaker function.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of methods for being used for defibrillation (Defibrillation), wherein by energy from low-voltage region It is transferred to high-voltage region, wherein generate at least one rush of current (Stromsto β) and at least one rush of current by described in It conducts to electrode.

The invention further relates to a kind of equipment for defibrillation, which has low-voltage region and high-voltage region, wherein Low-voltage region is coupled with high-voltage region, wherein electrode is disposed in high-voltage region.

Background technique

For a long time, the prior art is already belonged to for the method and apparatus of defibrillation.Such as in 1006087 B of DE and Corresponding method and apparatus is described in 864362 A of GB.

According to the prior art, one or more capacitors are usually charged to about 2500V's in the case where defibrillator High voltage.When applying defibrillator on patient, normal cardiomotility is established by the heavy current surge exported by electrode again. Will be for energy stores required for rush of current in the capacitor, which has corresponding intensity simultaneously in terms of high voltage And it is correspondingly expensive and be difficult to obtain.

Although being known to the defibrillator using multivoltage range and high voltage range, however, not yet finding the function so far Energy principle is widely used.Similarly such as in the case where the ignition coil for motor vehicle, according to the principle in low-voltage area Direct current voltage pulse is generated in domain, which conduct and due to unexpected curent change by transformer High voltage pulse is generated in high-voltage region.

According to current used defibrillator, the component layout for control is in high-voltage region, so that only a small number of supply It answers quotient that can supply and leads to high production prices.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, task of the invention lies in such method for improving the mentioned type of beginning, make it possible to price just Suitable component support reliably executes this method.

According to the present invention, which solves in the following way: power supply is not used only in low-voltage region, And use power electronic component and energy accumulator.

Another task of the invention is so to construct the equipment for starting mentioned type, make it possible in high reliability In the case where realize reduce production cost.

According to the present invention, which solves in the following way: energy supply dress is not only disposed in low-voltage region It sets and is disposed with power electronic component and energy accumulator.Thereby, it is possible to more and more using have more preferable availability and More inexpensive electronic component.

By can be realized according to the method for the present invention with equipment according to the present invention, in low-voltage region, advantageously In the region of the maximum voltage of about 40V to 400V, particularly advantageously until being not only disposed with energy in the region of about 150V Feedway and it is disposed with power electronic component and energy accumulator.Such as battery or power is used to fill as energy supply It sets.

Maximum voltage in low-voltage region is lower, and required electronic component usually gets over cost advantages, the electronics Component may have corresponding lower electric strength.

In the low-voltage region of the equipment according to the present invention for defibrillation, in addition to energy accumulator, power electronic portion Part and power supply (it is for example configured to power supply or battery or battery) outside, advantageously there also is provided at least one charging Adjuster and processor.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, charging regulator is used to charge to energy accumulator, so that should Least energy needed for energy accumulator at least has generation rush of current.

In a kind of advantageous embodiment of the present invention, processor is used to control setting for defibrillation according to the present invention Standby correlation function and for realizing the method according to the present invention for defibrillation.

In a kind of advantageous embodiment of the present invention, energy accumulator is defeated at the time of to generate impact (Schock) Energy out, and by converter using electric pressure converterThe energy is converted into high electricity Pressure.Then converted high voltage is exported to patient by electrode.

In high-voltage region behind converter (primary side), only need to arrange by design scheme according to the present invention Relatively small number of component.These components are, for example, electronic component needed for phase control device and survey for executing optional electric current Electronic component needed for amount and/or the measuring device of voltage measurement.

It especially realizes according to the present invention, at least part of power electronic component and the tune for electric current, voltage and phase Regulating device can be arranged in low-voltage region, and it is possible thereby to use cheap standarized component.

Power regulation can be executed in very wide power bracket.This includes following envelop of function: from the simple heart Dirty pacemaker function starts until generating high-power impact.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, energy accumulator is more particularly to by cheap low-voltage Component is realized, such as capacitor and/or supercapacitor and/or (high-power) battery and/or (high-power) battery.

It especially also can be realized by the energy accumulator according to the present invention being advantageously carried out, the equipment for defibrillation exists Not for executes charge be previously run time (Vorlaufzeit) in the case where can be immediately ready for it is ready (Einsatzbereitschaft).For this reason, it may be necessary to so implement energy accumulator, so that even if in the equipment for defibrillation In off state, which is still maintained for realizing minimum energy needed for impact function or pacemaker function Amount.Furthermore, it is possible to generate multiple impacts relative to each other with short time interval.

Actual high voltage generation is carried out shortly before exporting impact.Thus security of system is improved.

The basic principle of transformer can be used as converter together with correspondingly matched winding.In order to realize phase control System, it can be envisaged that different implementation modifications.This can be for example using diode, thyristor, triac (Triacs) or transistor is realized.The knot of multilevel structure and/or the parallel circuit with multiple paths may be implemented when necessary Structure.

A kind of knot of equipment for defibrillation --- the equipment with this converter with multiple secondary windings Structure --- embodiment according to the present invention or also generate additional advantage using the converter of multiple series connections because logical The high voltage for reducing each winding is crossed in the meaning by reducing the advantageous electronic component of requirement cost of implementation to electric strength In justice standard electronic components can be used in high-voltage side.According to the present invention, converter, which particularly advantageously constructs, has at least In the primary side of two windings being connected in parallel and construct in the primary side for the winding being connected in series at least two.

Therefore in a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is characterized in that the main winding and/or secondary of converter At least two in winding are formed by series circuit and/or parallel circuit combination.

If such as each winding only generates the high voltage of about 800V to about 1200V, and a large amount of electronics structure can be used Part (such as semiconductor component).It can produce voltage required for defibrillation by the cascade of these high voltages.Also it can be used point From winding, such as in the case where pacemaker function voltage is generated using only tapping, because compared with impact function Significant lower voltage is needed herein.

In the particularly advantageous embodiment of one kind of the invention, for generating the electric pressure converter and converter of high voltage It is embodied as resonance potential converter, in combination so as to realize higher efficiency when generating high voltage.By being applied The zero crossing of voltage or the zero crossing of streaming current at be attached and can reduce circuit loss.It realizes and turns at resonance The current source characteristic of parallel operation.In addition, being amplified by resonanceRealize additional voltage gain.

In a kind of advantageous embodiment of the present invention, other than already mentioned cost reduces, by basic control Component layout also causes to support that the component of electronic component used in diminution and reduction guidance voltage is in low-voltage region Minimum spacing needed for reliable insulation, thus, it is possible to realize compact equipment.In addition, passing through the cloth according to the present invention of component Set the layout that can be realized the simpler of circuit board and more cost advantages.

In high-voltage side, pass through two electrodes (apex electrode and sternum electrodes in converter and the equipment for defibrillation (Apex-und Sternum-Elektrode)) phase control device is advantageously arranged between given output end or is disposed with It is associated with the power electronic component of phase control device.It can be by the following direct current of electric pressure converter by the phase control device Voltage output signal generates diphasic pulse: the direct voltage output signal is borrowed by the ac voltage signal of the primary side in converter It helps rectifier and generates.

According to the present invention, phase control device is advantageously configured as controlled rectifier thus.Controlled rectifier is for example realized For H bridge or cascade H bridge.In this case, advantageously isolator transistor is manipulated with primary side.Instead of two poles Pipe, it may also be envisaged that by the embodiment of thyristor, which can for example be touched by small high voltage capacitor Hair.In addition, being also contemplated within a kind of embodiment by triac.

Method according to the present invention for defibrillation at least includes the following steps:

A. it is provided by the energy accumulator in low-voltage region for energy needed for the rush of current in high-voltage region Amount；

B. the electric pressure converter at least one converter is carried out by the processor being arranged in low-voltage region Manipulation, to generate high voltage signal or rush of current in high-voltage side；

C. phase controlling is carried out to high voltage and current signal or rush of current, to selectively generate single-phase high voltage letter Number or two-phase high voltage signal or monophase current impact or biphase current impact；

D. high voltage signal or rush of current are exported to patient by electrode, to realize impact function or cardiac pacing Device function.

Detailed description of the invention

Various embodiments of the present invention and configuration scheme are shown in the following figures.Attached drawing is shown:

Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the schematic diagram of the structure construction of the equipment according to the present invention for defibrillation；

Fig. 2 shows the more detailed block diagrams for illustrating the implementation modification of the equipment according to the present invention for defibrillation；

Fig. 3 shows the time diagram for functions process；

Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of the construction of the charge adjustment circuit of storage；

Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of the circuit structure of push-pull type converter and for transmitting impact energy from low-voltage region To the schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the transformer of high-voltage region；

Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of the measurement position of electric current and voltage；

Fig. 7 shows the circuit diagram of the embodiment according to the present invention of multilevel converter；

Fig. 8 shows three schematic block diagrams of the different topology according to the present invention of resonance converter；

Fig. 9 shows the circuit diagram of the resonant tank according to the present invention with converter and rectifier；

Figure 10 shows the circuit diagram of the synchronous rectifier in the example of the converter with resonant tank.

Specific embodiment

Fig. 1 the block diagram of the equipment (1) according to the present invention for defibrillation is shown and especially illustrate low-voltage region with High-voltage region passes through the coupling of converter (13).Power supply (10) and energy stores are disposed in low-voltage region Device (12) is together with power electronic component (11).

Phase control device (14) and two electrodes (16,17) are disposed in high-voltage region.Optionally, in high voltage The device (15) for current measurement and/or voltage measurement can be disposed in region.

Fig. 2 illustrates the construction of the total system of the embodiment of the equipment (1) according to the present invention for defibrillation with synoptic chart. Especially illustrate the following electronic section of the equipment (1) for defibrillation: defibrillation pulse can be generated by the electronic section.

Input signal E1, E2 and E3 of this so-called defibrillation core (Deficore) are by power supply (E1), use It is given in the signal (E2) for activating impact and by configuration signal (E3), the power supply is advantageous in one kind of the invention There is the voltage of about 12V in the case where the available power of about 50W to 100W, which can for example lead in embodiment I2C interface is crossed to be transmitted.

Defibrillation pulse can be exported by the electrode of patient connecting pin to patient by defibrillation core.Patient connecting pin has Connect endvertex (A1) and breastbone (A2).

Thus in a preferred embodiment, the equipment (1) with according to the present invention for defibrillation is deposited by energy Reservoir (12) can export the energy of about 200Ws, and can generate the high voltage pulse of about 2000V.By energy accumulator (12) storable energy is at least by exportable energy and in order to compensate for the institute in the equipment according to the present invention for defibrillation Energy needed for the loss of appearance is constituted.

It is especially contemplated that generating the two-phase impact of length about 10ms.The representative value of the intensity of dash current is until 20 amperes.

According to a kind of embodiment of equipment (1) according to the present invention for defibrillation and/or according to a kind of according to this hair The embodiment of the bright method for defibrillation, user can choose with wanting two-phase or generate single-phasely dash current and Generate impingement length how long.

According to the diagram of Fig. 3, the function of generating two-phase impact is explained in more detail herein according to example.

Fig. 3 .1 shows voltage change process UC1, Fig. 3 .2 relevant to time t on capacitor C1 and shows in electric pressure converter Curent change process I relevant to time t on the output end of DC2 (21)_DC2And Fig. 3 .3 is shown in the equipment (1) for defibrillation Output end on curent change process I relevant to time t_Output。

T0 at the time of function starts, voltages all first are 0V and all electric currents are 0 ampere.It is used in connection When the service voltage of the equipment (1) of defibrillation, starts charging regulator (18) and the charging regulator starts with the electricity through adjusting Stream charges to the energy accumulator (12) for being configured to capacitor C1.

It is fully charged in moment t1 energy accumulator (12), and voltage level on the capacitor cl is about 150V.In energy It measures voltage level required on memory (12) and depends on the energy to be exported.The charging of energy accumulator is adaptively carried out And normally it is adapted to the voltage until about 200V.

In a further step, processor (19) shown in Fig. 2 is then triggered in moment t2 and is impacted, and in electric pressure converter Apply pulse width modulation on DC2 (21).Additionally, it is then turned on the phase controlling dress that (freischalten) is configured to H bridge Set (14).

In another method step, pulse of the processor (19) by modulation for the control signal of power electronic component is wide Degree and/or frequency and/or phase position adjust dash current.For this purpose, by electric pressure converter DC2 (21) by converter (13) condenser voltage is converted into the required potential until about 2500V on high-voltage side.In the output end and H bridge of DC2 Occur having on output end corresponding to current strength I_{It is practical}Electric current I_DC2And I_Output。

In subsequent steps, the electric current I on the output end of DC2_DC2Briefly drop to 0 ampere in moment t2a, and And switch H bridge herein to generate diphasic pulse.

Next, in electric current I_DC2And I_OutputMoment t3a be reduced to again 0 ampere and shock pulse generation terminate before, Electric current I_DC2And I_OutputCurrent strength I is risen to again_{It is practical}。

There is curent change process I generating_OutputImpact during, energy accumulator (12) electric discharge and in capacitor C1 On voltage fall to approximately the residual voltage of 50V between times t 2 and t 3 corresponding to Fig. 3 .1.Residual voltage depends on required Impact energy and converter (13) size.

According to another method step, current value and voltage needed for measurement is adjusted before electric pressure converter DC2 (21) Value.In general, can also be in electric pressure converter DC2 (21) followed by measurement.However in the latter case, in processor (19) there are potential isolations between measurement position (20).

Illustrate charging regulator (18) according to the diagram in Fig. 4 and is configured to the energy accumulator (12) of capacitor C1 Details.

In the region of capacitor C1, it is stored with to impact required energy and add in order to compensate for energy needed for loss Amount, and be embodied as DC current-DC current-converter charging regulator (18) and charge to capacitor C1.Right Limit preferably is carried out to input current when capacitor C1 is charged.

In order to realize charging regulator (18), be preferably chosen reverse exciting topological (Flyback-Topologie), so as to Big voltage difference is generated between input terminal and output end.

Commercially common electrolytic capacitor can be used for example as capacitor C1, it is also contemplated that other electricity Container Type, such as supercapacitor or ceramic capacitor.

In the illustrative situation that the energy of 200Ws can be stored in capacitor C1 --- wherein in the shape for being completely filled with electricity Fixedly apply the voltage of about 150V under state and when generating impact by fixedly applying about 50V's after the electric discharge of energy output Voltage --- need the capacitor C1 of the capacity with about 10mF.In the case where not considering occurred loss, show in Fig. 4 Corresponding formula out.

According to the other details of the diagram account for voltage converter DC2 (21) of Fig. 5 and converter (13).

Impact energy is transferred to high-voltage side from low voltage side by converter (13) by electric pressure converter DC2 (21).Electricity Pressure converter DC2 (21) can for example be embodied as push-pull type converter.

The full bridge circuit with power transistor is realized in the low voltage side of electric pressure converter DC2 (21).Power crystal Pipe is manipulated by the signal of pulse width-modulated (PWM 1H/L, PWM 2H/L) respectively, thus the direction of electric current flowing It can be adjusted by the winding of at least one primary side of at least one converter (13).

In the primary side of converter (13), the bridge rectifier realized with diode is connected with behind winding, it should L-C filter is connected on bridge rectifier.Therefore, in terminal HV_OutputOn can measure in high-voltage region DC voltage letter Number.

For example persistently the period of 10ms is 20kW to output power, to export the energy of 200Ws.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, electric pressure converter DC2 (21) can be straight by processor (19) Row control is tapped into, or is controlled in combination by processor (19) with gate drivers.

The converter (13) for being configured to transformer can be realized for example with planar technique.In addition it is also possible to imagine multiple Transformer is connected in parallel relative to each other, and thus converts the voltage into the push-pull type converter that device DC2 (21) is embodied as multi-parallel. In a kind of embodiment according to the present invention of the equipment (1) for defibrillation, it may also be envisaged that using have it is multiple it is secondary around The transformer and/or use organized have multiple transformers of one or more secondary windings.

Implementation modification according to figure 5 can be realized the typical high-voltage region of about 2000V to 2500V.In This, also preferably only generates high voltage during impacting output.It is (usual in the energy output of usual 200Ws and 25 to 175 ohm 50 ohm) patient's resistance in the case where, need the voltage of 750V to 2kV.

Illustrate the other details of current measurement and voltage measurement according to the diagram of Fig. 6.

The discharge current (Entnahmestrom) of capacitor can be measured and corresponding regulated value is provided.

It can continuously or sampling site measures.Typical sample frequency is in the range of 20kHz to 40kHz.This It is measured corresponding to each shock duration about 200 to 400 times.

According to a kind of preferred implementation modification, behind electric pressure converter DC2 (21) and in the H of high-voltage side Electric current and voltage are measured before bridge.

The illustrative basis of the converter (13) of rectifier circuit with subsequent connection is shown in the diagram in Fig. 7 The circuit diagram of multi-stage configuration of the invention.In the electric current U that primary side is applied_Input(input voltage of the H bridge of inverter) can lead to Converter (13) is crossed to be transformed into high-voltage region and output voltage U can be converted by rectifier_Output.Converter (13) In Primary side has winding (T:PRM), and arranges that there are two the windings (T:SEK) being connected in series on the secondary side.Converter (13) Such as the ratio of winding with 1:8.

It is connected separately in each of the primary side winding (T:SEK) of converter (13) and is realized by diode below Bridge rectifier, capacitor (C1, C2) and H bridge.Therefore, pass through each of circuit branch of primary side of series connection The only output voltage U of drop by half_Output.Therefore, the semiconductor in primary side and capacitor only need the resistance to of half according to the present invention Electric strength.

Fig. 8 shows three kinds of roots of the resonance converter for impact energy to be transformed into high-voltage region from low-voltage region According to topology of the invention.

Fig. 8 .1 shows the H bridge and the primary side of converter (13) in low-voltage region that resonant tank is arranged in inverter Between.

Fig. 8 .2 shows resonant tank and is arranged in front of rectifier in the primary side of converter (13).

Fig. 8 .3 shows the primary side and primary side that resonant tank is arranged in converter (13) in combination.

The resonant tank according to the present invention with transformer is illustrated with circuit in Fig. 9.Resonant tank is embodied as becoming Combinatorial topology in the primary side and primary side of parallel operation (13).

Voltage DC_Input(input voltage of the inverter in low-voltage region) can be converted into defeated by shown component Voltage HV out_Output。

Associated components for adjusting resonant tank or resonance converter expectation operating point (resonance frequency) are transformations The capacitor C of device or converter (13) leakage inductance T:LR and primary side_9.2(resonant capacitor).It is set according to the present invention In a kind of standby advantageous embodiment, so determines the size of the value of the main magnetization inductance T:LM of converter (13) and converting D.C. suppressed capacitor C is used in device (13)_9.1Value size so that the expectation operating point of resonant tank does not change. This is usually solved in the following way: the resonance frequency additionally generated being made to be placed in frequency as far as possible far from operating point.

It is connected with behind the rectifier realized by diode by component L₉And C_9.3Given filter.

Figure 10 shows the changeable rectifier that synchronous rectifier is configured in the converter (13) with resonant tank Circuit diagram.

Input voltage U_InputOutput voltage U can be converted by shown component_Output。

The rectifier of primary side has switch S1 and S2, wherein by switch S1 with the active of S2 and synchronous manipulation It can be realized rectifier function.

Positive or negative voltage U can be generated according to the switching sequence of S1 and S2_Output.Switch S1 and S2 are in embodiments thereof In be required to bidirectionally close or open as semiconductor.