阅读说明：本技术 球罐火灾模拟燃烧装置及控制方法 (Spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner and control method ) 是由 王卓 杨亮 赵大勇 许子昂 朱俊翯 于 2018-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及球罐火灾模拟燃烧装置及控制方法。方法包括通过Smith-模糊PID控制和对球罐内部温度流量的数学分析实时控制球罐内温度变化,模拟球罐内火灾的燃烧场景。装置包括可移动罐体、振动单元、燃烧单元、喷淋单元、模拟爆炸单元、温度及液压反馈单元、控制系统,燃烧单元设于可移动罐体外部,模拟可移动罐体火灾燃烧；振动单元设于可移动罐体内,带动可移动罐体产生振动,模拟爆炸前振动状态；模拟爆炸单元设于可移动罐体内,实现可移动罐体爆炸模拟；喷淋单元对可移动罐体进行冷却降温。本发明能较为真实的模拟球罐火灾的燃烧场景,且其质量远轻于真实球罐的质量,可通过脚轮进行移动,使其在不同的训练地点进行球罐火灾模拟。(The present invention relates to spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner and control methods.Method includes simulating the burning scene of fire in spherical tank by Smith- fuzzy-adaptation PID control and to temperature change in the mathematical analysis real-time control spherical tank of spherical tank internal temperature flow.Device includes removable tank body, vibration unit, fuel element, spray unit, simulated explosion unit, temperature and hydraulic feedback unit, control system, and fuel element is set to outside removable tank body, simulates removable tank body fire burning；Vibration unit is set in removable tank body, and removable tank body is driven to generate vibration, vibrational state before simulated explosion；Simulated explosion unit is set in removable tank body, realizes removable tank body blast analogue；Spray unit cools down removable tank body.The present invention more can really simulate the burning scene of spherical tank fire, and its quality is considerably lighter than the quality of true spherical tank, can be moved by castor, it is made to carry out spherical tank fire disaster simulation in different training places.)

1. spherical tank fire disaster simulation method for controlling combustion characterized by comprising

Programmable logic controller (PLC) (701) by the start-up and shut-down control to top burner (301), radiant wall burner (302), and Temperature change in spherical tank is realized in control to supply air line (303) interior combustion gas flow, simulates fire in spherical tank；

When temperature meets preset threshold in spherical tank, control is uttered long and high-pitched sounds and smoke devices (504) obtain electric alarm, control vibrating motor (201) vibrate and control electromagnetism door-inhale (502), the opening of explosion folding side wall (503) is realized in electric pushrod (501) work And closing, and chilling spray device (401) water spray is controlled, realize simulated explosion.

2. according to spherical tank fire disaster simulation method for controlling combustion described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the controller passes through to top The start-up and shut-down control of portion's burner (301), radiant wall burner (302), and the control to supply air line (303) interior combustion gas flow System realizes temperature change in spherical tank, is to combine realization using Smith Prediction Control method and fuzzy.

3. according to spherical tank fire disaster simulation method for controlling combustion described in claim 1, which is characterized in that temperature change in the spherical tank It is calculated according to following formula:

Wherein, C_pFor pressurization by compressed air specific heat, q_mcFor the air quality in spherical tank, F is tank skin heat transfer area, T_skinFor temperature sensing The outside wall temperature that device detects, T_cAir themperature in the spherical tank detected for temperature sensor, K are tank skin heat transfer coefficientFor tank skin structural division quantity, δ_iFor tank wall thickness, λ_iFor thermal conductivity,For The convection transfer rate of atmosphere and tank skin,For the convection transfer rate of air in spherical tank and tank skin.

4. according to spherical tank fire disaster simulation method for controlling combustion described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature in the spherical tank is full When sufficient preset threshold, control is uttered long and high-pitched sounds and smoke devices (504) obtain electric alarm, control vibrating motor (201) vibration and control electricity Magnetic gate inhales (502), electric pushrod (501) work realizes the opening and closing of explosion folding side wall (503), and controls chilling spray Device (401) water spray, realizes simulated explosion, comprising:

Programmable logic controller (PLC) (701) is by temperature sensor (601) real-time detection spherical tank internal and external temperature, when temperature in spherical tank More than given threshold T₁When, PLC controls are uttered long and high-pitched sounds and smoke devices (504) obtain electric alarm；

When temperature is more than given threshold T in spherical tank₂When, PLC controls vibrating motor (201) must be electric, passes through tune The size of the exciting force of vibrating motor is saved gradually to enhance the vibration of spherical tank；

When temperature is more than given threshold T in spherical tank₃When, PLC controls electromagnetism door-inhale (502) power loss electronic pushes away Bar (501) obtains electric drive explosion folding side wall (503) and opens, controls vibrating motor (201) stopping vibration；

Programmable logic controller (PLC) (701) controls chilling spray device (401) water spray；When temperature is lower than given threshold T in spherical tank₄When, Electric pushrod (501) electric drives explosion folding side wall (503) is closed, electromagnetism door-inhale (302) electric actuations explodes and opens and closes side wall (503), a simulated explosion is realized.

5. spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner, which is characterized in that including removable tank body (100), vibration unit (200), burning Unit (300), spray unit (400) and simulated explosion unit (500), wherein

The fuel element (300) is set to the outside of the removable tank body (100), for simulating the removable tank body (100) fire burning；

The vibration unit (200) is set to the inside of the removable tank body (100), for driving the removable tank body (100) vibration is generated, the vibrational state before removable tank body (100) explosion is simulated；

The simulated explosion unit (500) is set to the inside of the removable tank body (100), for realizing the removable tank Body (100) blast analogue；

The spray unit (400) is for cooling down the removable tank body (100).

6. spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the removable tank body (100) Including spherical tank main body (101) and it is used to support multiple pedestal columns (102) of the spherical tank main body (101), multiple pedestal columns (102) it is connected between by support frame (105), the lower end of each pedestal column (102) is equipped with universal caster wheel (103)；

The pedestal column (102) includes spherical tank body support column (1021) and is connected to spherical tank body support column (1021) lower end Rubber spring (1022), the universal caster wheel (103) is set to the bottom of the rubber spring (1022), the pedestal column (102) it is equipped with the fixation for connecting with external fixture and picks up the ears (104).

7. spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner according to claim 5, which is characterized in that vibration unit (200) packet It includes the mounting bracket (202) connecting with spherical tank main body (101) inner wall and is set to multiple on the mounting bracket (202) Vibrating motor (201).

8. spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner according to claim 5, which is characterized in that fuel element (300) packet Top burner (301), radiant wall burner (302) and supply air line (303) are included, wherein top burner (301) and side wall combustion Burner (302) is respectively arranged at top and the side-walls of the spherical tank main body (101), the top burner (301) and side wall Burner (302) is connected to by two-way supply air line (303) with total supply air line (304) respectively；

The supply air line (303) is located at the inside of the spherical tank main body (101), one end of total supply air line (304) with Supply air line (303) connection, the other end are pierced by the spherical tank main body (101) and connect with external air source.

9. spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner according to claim 5, which is characterized in that spray unit (400) packet The multiple chilling spray devices (401) for including water supply pipe (402) and being connect with the water supply pipe (402), multiple cooling sprays Leaching device (401) is set to the spherical tank main body (101) outwardly and inwardly；

The simulated explosion unit (500) includes that electric pushrod (501), electromagnetism door-inhale (502) and explosion open and close side wall (503), Wherein explosion folding side wall (503) is set to the opening that spherical tank main body (101) side wall is equipped with, the upper end of the opening Equipped with electromagnetism door-inhale (502), hingedly, upper end passes through for the lower end of explosion folding side wall (503) and the spherical tank main body (101) Electromagnetism door-inhale (502) is attracted, to close the spherical tank main body (101), the electric pushrod (501) is set to the spherical tank master The inside of body (101) and the top for being located at the opening, the output end of the electric pushrod (501) and the explosion open and close side Wall (503) connection, for driving explosion folding side wall (503) rotation；

The top of the spherical tank main body (101) is uttered long and high-pitched sounds equipped with simulation and smoke devices (504).

10. according to the described in any item spherical tank fire disaster simulation burners of claim 5-9, which is characterized in that further include temperature And hydraulic feedback unit and control system, the temperature and hydraulic feedback unit include temperature sensor and hydrostatic sensor, institute Temperature sensor is stated for monitoring the temperature of the removable tank body (100), the hydrostatic sensor is for monitoring the spray The pressure of supply water of unit (400)；The control system is for controlling each unit.

Technical field

The invention belongs to fire-fighting and rescue technical fields, specifically spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner and control method.

Background technique

Spherical tank is a kind of steel pressure vessel equipment, is mainly used for storing and transports gaseous state or liquid material, in petroleum There is very universal application in the fields such as work.It since spherical tank is in practical implementation, mainly stores, such as: hydrogen, liquid The flammable explosive gas such as liquefied oil gas or liquid, by because spherical tank service life it is longer, or by external environment, such as: acid rain, sand and dust Etc. boisterous corrosion, easily there is fuel gas or liquid leaks, if it encounters open fire or visible light, it will cause The burning of fuel gas, or even spherical tank is caused to explode, great threat is brought to people's security of the lives and property.

In recent years, the strict control with China to chemical company, safety of chemical production were significantly improved, but still had one A little illegal enterprise's violation operations cause spherical tank or other pressure vessels burning occur and even explode.Since spherical tank burning reaches one It when determining temperature, can just set off an explosion, so carrying out corresponding emergency processing before spherical tank explosion, cool down in time, put out a fire rapidly, Spherical tank fire behavior can be effectively controlled, guarantees that spherical tank is not in explosion.

Due to the burning of true spherical tank, danger coefficient is too big, in fire drill, it is impossible to also not allow with true spherical tank Burning is trained.In order to make fire drill personnel, spherical tank fire burning scene more can be really experienced, fire-fighting instruction is met Practice the training demand of personnel, guarantee fire drill personnel, by fire-fighting simulated training, grasps the burning feature of spherical tank fire, make Fire drill personnel can make reasonable implementation rescue party according to on-site actual situations when such as encountering true fire scenario Case.To ensure that the life security of each fire fighter in practical rescue operations, and auxiliary Police Command Center are rationally pacified The row periphery masses evacuate, and the harm of natural fire is minimized.

Summary of the invention

For above-mentioned deficiency in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of spherical tank fire disaster simulation burners And control method, to meet fire drill personnel, can sense of reality arrive, spherical tank fire burning scene.

Present invention technical solution used for the above purpose is: spherical tank fire disaster simulation method for controlling combustion, comprising:

Programmable logic controller (PLC) is by the start-up and shut-down control to top burner, radiant wall burner, and to supply air line Temperature change in spherical tank is realized in the control of interior combustion gas flow, simulates fire in spherical tank；

When temperature meets preset threshold in spherical tank, control is uttered long and high-pitched sounds and smoke devices obtain electric alarm, control vibrating motor vibration The opening and closing of explosion folding side wall are realized in dynamic and control electromagnetism door-inhale, electric pushrod work, and control chilling spray device Water spray realizes simulated explosion.

The controller is by the start-up and shut-down control to top burner, radiant wall burner, and to burning in supply air line Temperature change in spherical tank is realized in the control of gas flow, is to combine realization using Smith Prediction Control method and fuzzy 's.

Temperature change is calculated according to following formula in the spherical tank:

Wherein, C_pFor pressurization by compressed air specific heat, q_mcFor the air quality in spherical tank, F is tank skin heat transfer area, T_skinFor temperature The outside wall temperature that degree sensor detects, T_cAir themperature in the spherical tank detected for temperature sensor, K are tank skin heat transfer system NumberI=1,2 ... .., n are tank skin structural division quantity, δ_iFor tank wall thickness, λ_iFor thermal conductivity,For the convection transfer rate of atmosphere and tank skin,For the convection transfer rate of air in spherical tank and tank skin.

It is described when temperature meets preset threshold in spherical tank, control utter long and high-pitched sounds and smoke devices obtain electric alarm, control vibration electricity Machine vibration and control electromagnetism door-inhale, electric pushrod work realize the opening and closing of explosion folding side wall, and control cooling spray Device water spray is drenched, realizes simulated explosion, comprising:

Programmable logic controller (PLC) is by temperature sensor real-time detection spherical tank internal and external temperature, when temperature is more than to set in spherical tank Determine threshold value T₁When, PLC controls are uttered long and high-pitched sounds and smoke devices obtain electric alarm；

When temperature is more than given threshold T in spherical tank₂When, PLC controls vibrating motor obtains electric, passes through tune The size of the exciting force of vibrating motor is saved gradually to enhance the vibration of spherical tank；

When temperature is more than given threshold T in spherical tank₃When, PLC controls electromagnetism door-inhale power loss electronic pushes away Bar obtains electric drive explosion folding side wall and opens, controls vibrating motor stopping vibration；

PLC controls chilling spray device water spray；When temperature is lower than given threshold T in spherical tank₄When, it is electronic Push rod obtains electric drive explosion folding side wall and closes, and electromagnetism door-inhale obtains electric actuation explosion folding side wall, realizes a simulated explosion.

Spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner, including removable tank body, vibration unit, fuel element, spray unit and simulation Exploding unit, wherein

The fuel element is set to the outside of the removable tank body, and the fire for simulating the removable tank body fires It burns；

The vibration unit is set to the inside of the removable tank body, for driving the removable tank body to generate vibration It is dynamic, simulate the vibrational state before the removable tank body explosion；

The simulated explosion unit is set to the inside of the removable tank body, explodes for realizing the removable tank body Simulation；

The spray unit is for cooling down the removable tank body.

The removable tank body includes spherical tank main body and the multiple pedestal columns for being used to support the spherical tank main body, multiple bottoms It is connected between seat strut by support frame, the lower end of each pedestal column is equipped with universal caster wheel；

The pedestal column includes spherical tank body support column and the rubber spring for being connected to spherical tank body support column lower end, institute The bottom that universal caster wheel is set to the rubber spring is stated, the pedestal column is equipped with to be consolidated for what is connect with external fixture Surely it picks up the ears.

The vibration unit includes the mounting bracket connecting with the spherical tank main body inner wall and is set to the mounting bracket On multiple vibrating motors.

The fuel element includes top burner, radiant wall burner and supply air line, wherein top burner and side wall Burner is respectively arranged at top and the side-walls of the spherical tank main body, and the top burner and radiant wall burner pass through respectively Two-way supply air line is connected to total supply air line；

The supply air line is located at the inside of the spherical tank main body, one end of total supply air line and the supply air line Connection, the other end are pierced by the spherical tank main body and connect with external air source.

Multiple chilling spray devices that the spray unit includes water supply pipe and connect with the water supply pipe, it is multiple described Chilling spray device is set to the spherical tank main body outwardly and inwardly；

The simulated explosion unit includes electric pushrod, electromagnetism door-inhale and explosion folding side wall, wherein explosion folding side wall It is set to the opening that the spherical tank main body wall is equipped with, the upper end of the opening is equipped with electromagnetism door-inhale, the explosion folding The lower end of side wall and the spherical tank main body are hinged, and upper end is attracted by electromagnetism door-inhale, to close the spherical tank main body, the electricity Dynamic push rod is set to the inside of the spherical tank main body and is located at the top of the opening, the output end of the electric pushrod and institute Explosion folding side wall connection is stated, for driving the explosion folding side wall rotation；

The top of the spherical tank main body is uttered long and high-pitched sounds equipped with simulation and smoke devices.

It further include temperature and hydraulic feedback unit and control system, the temperature and hydraulic feedback unit include temperature sensing Device and hydrostatic sensor, the temperature sensor are used to monitor the temperature of the removable tank body, and the hydrostatic sensor is used for Monitor the pressure of supply water of the spray unit；The control system is for controlling each unit.

The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantage:

1. spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner of the present invention and control method, overcome pid algorithm to Control of Nonlinear Systems Not the characteristics of precision is not high and its poor robustness, and Smith Prediction Control algorithm is reduced for the sensitivity of the precision of Model Matching Property, make control method of the invention, have robustness good, adaptive ability is strong, the lesser hyperharmonic response time, is conducive to pair Spherical tank internal temperature control effectively.

2. spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner of the present invention, bottom support bracket is connect with spherical tank main body using sleeve fashion, and Junction uses rubber spring, and the advantageous tank body that weakens extends the service life of simulated combustion device, be also beneficial to ground shock Increase vibrating effect, allows the real scene of simulated combustion device more real simulation spherical tank fire.Bottom support bracket bottom, peace Equipped with self-locking universal caster wheel, simulated combustion device can be moved, allow simulated combustion device in different geographical rings Simulated training is carried out under border.

3. spherical tank body support column of the present invention, two sides are welded with fixation and pick up the ears, since spherical tank main body and ground weight are connected It connects, prevents spherical tank appearance from substantially moving, guarantee training of safety.

4. the present invention is by temperature and hydrostatic sensor, effectively control simulation training device, by set temperature threshold value come The explosive effect of simulated combustion device is done step-by-step, can not only make training environment more closing to reality, additionally aids fire-fighting instruction Practice personnel and make rational approach according to scene of fire actual conditions, spherical tank is effectively prevent to explode to wound caused by firefighters Evil.Hydrostatic sensor guarantees that cooling sprayer normally can effectively work, and guarantees that simulated training is safer.

5. the present invention controls relevant device by programmable logic controller (PLC), in the training process, training examiner Intensity of a fire situation can be controlled, screw up discipline fire fighter according to demand.Such as: increase the intensity of a fire, raises temperature threshold, it can be effective Exercise fire drill personnel psychological quality.Shorten burst period, effectively can train fire fighter in a very short period of time Safety zone is evacuated to rapidly.

6. the present invention is by vibrating motor, simulation is uttered long and high-pitched sounds and the devices such as smog, carrys out the explosion feelings of real simulation spherical tank fire Condition controls each electrical component by programmable logic controller (PLC), automatic to realize spherical tank explosion movement, and explosion folding Side wall is closed automatically, makes the automation with higher of simulated combustion device, to be conducive in the short time, to fire-fighting trainer Repeatedly trained.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is spherical tank fire disaster simulation combustion explosion flow chart of the invention；

Fig. 2 is Smith- fuzzy-adaptation PID control structure chart of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is structural schematic diagram of the invention；

Fig. 4 is the left view of Fig. 3；

Fig. 5 is schematic diagram of internal structure of the invention；

Fig. 6 is the left view of Fig. 5.

In figure: 100 be removable tank body, and 101 be spherical tank main body, and 102 be pedestal column, and 1021 be spherical tank body support column, 1022 be rubber spring, and 103 be universal caster wheel, and 104 pick up the ears for fixation, and 105 be support frame, and 200 be vibration unit, and 201 be vibration Dynamic motor, 202 be mounting bracket, and 300 be fuel element, and 301 be top burner, and 302 be radiant wall burner, and 303 be gas supply Pipeline, 304 be total supply air line, and 400 be spray unit, and 401 be chilling spray device, and 402 be water supply pipe, and 500 is quick-fried to simulate Unit is fried, 501 be electric pushrod, and 502 be electromagnetism door-inhale, and 503 be explosion folding side wall, and 504 be that simulation is uttered long and high-pitched sounds and smog fills It sets；600 be temperature and hydraulic feedback unit, and 601 be temperature sensor, and 602 be hydrostatic sensor；700 be overall control unit, 701 be programmable logic controller (PLC), and 702 be transducing signal receiver.

Specific embodiment

To make the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage are clearer, below in conjunction with relevant drawings It is described in detail.

Since traditional PI D has big overshoot, delay and uncertain feature, it may control and be brought not to spherical tank temperature Benefit influences, therefore the present invention uses Smith- fuzzy PID control method, to control simulation fuel efficiency device internal temperature, To reduce the delay caused big hyperharmonic response time, make temperature control system that there is better robustness and adaptivity.

The method of the present invention is to be controlled based on Smith- fuzzy spherical tank internal temperature, programmable logic controller (PLC) 701 by the start-up and shut-down control to top burner 301, radiant wall burner 302, and to burning gases stream in supply air line 303 Temperature change in spherical tank is realized in the control of amount, simulates fire in spherical tank.Spherical tank internal temperature is detected by spherical tank temperature sensor T_c, set temperature threshold value T_sp, should meet | T_c-T_spWhen |≤e, controller controls associated electrical components movement, and wherein e is to allow temperature Spend deviation.

Programmable logic controller (PLC) 701 uses control to spherical tank internal temperature based on Smith- fuzzy

Smith Prediction Control, controlled volume leading reflection will be postponed to controller by having, and shift to an earlier date controller action, once Influence of the delay to system is offset in advance, is reduced overshoot, is improved the stability of system.Its closed loop control function are as follows:Assuming that spherical tank internal temperature flow mathematical model foot It is enough accurate, i.e. G_m(s)=G_p(s), and τ=τ_m, then haveG in formula_cIt (s) is controller, G_p(s) e^-τsFor the controlled device with delay link, G_mIt (s) is control target mathematical model.

Smith Prediction Control is higher for the mathematical model precision prescribed of controlled device, in practical engineering applications, is not easy Meet the algorithm requirement, causes the system of Smith Prediction Control that cannot be fully compensated, keep control effect bad.Therefore it combines Fuzzy PID optimizes Smith Prediction Control method.

The real time temperature deviation e and deviation ratio e of fuzzy-adaptation PID control input_cAs the input of fuzzy control, and fuzzy control Output is that pid parameter revises value, K_p, K_i, K_d, initial domain is that one group of pid parameter adjusted determines, if input/output variable Fuzzy quantization domain be [- 6,6], fuzzy subset is respectively that { NB (negative big), NM (in negative), NS (is born small), ZO (zero), PS (just small), PM (center), PB (honest) }.The subordinating degree function of each fuzzy subset is chosen for trigonometric function.And adjust electronic hold The dynamic response process of row mechanism is approximately integral element and related method thereof, then transmission function may be expressed as:G in formula_eIt (s) is the transmission function of controlled executing agency, T_eFor integration time constant, gain s, K, e^-τs For the delay link of temperature control system, τ is total delay time (s).

As shown in Fig. 2, wherein Q_RFor set temperature threshold value, Y is the actual temperature in realistic simulation burner, and U is control The control voltage of device output processed, G_mIt (s) is the regulating valve electric operator not comprising delay component,It is controlled for temperature and is All delay component summations in system, X_mIt is that the model not comprising delay link system exports, Y_mIt is the system comprising delay link Model output, Δ K_p, Δ K_i, Δ K_dIt is the value that revises of pid parameter, E₁, E₂For deviation.As controller input deviation E₂=Q_R-Y- (X_m-Y_m), it is assumed that the model of temperature control system is consistent completely with practical, then has Y=Y_m, then E₂=Q_R-X_m, PID can be controlled Device processed is to export X without the model of delay_mIt is controlled as feedback, eliminates the influence of temperature control system lag.

When heat flow inside spherical tank and the unequal heat flow of outflow spherical tank, air themperature inside spherical tank can with when Between gradually change.Before establishing spherical tank temperature mathematical model, carry out hypothesis appropriate: 1) in modeling process, pressure is definite value In the case of carry out, air is considered as perfect gas, and level pressure is than temperature independent；2) air themperature is uniformly distributed in spherical tank；3) false It is constant to determine spherical tank outer wall heat transfer coefficient；4) heat that electric actuator generates is smaller, can be ignored；According to above-mentioned vacation Determine, then the thermodynamic process in spherical tank are as follows:In formula, C_p(J/ (Kg.K)) is pressurization by compressed air specific heat, q_mcFor the air quality in spherical tank, T_cFor the spherical tank internal temperature that temperature sensor detects, Q_w(J/s) because burner fires It burns, thermal change caused by tank skin, Q_sIt (J/s) is thermal change caused by solar radiation.Since simulated combustion device is in fire-fighting It is uninterrupted heat supply when training, so that the sum of items on the right of equation is not zero, spherical tank temperature is not at stable state, the temperature in spherical tank Degree is dynamic change.Spherical tank material is 4mm, and stainless-steel sheet, thermal force mainly passes through the influence name of air themperature in tank Tank skin structure is thermally conductive and inner wall and tank in the heat convection of air realize.The heat for delivering heat to air in tank through tank skin is Q_w= KF(T_skin-T_c), in formula, K (W/ (m²It .K)) is tank skin heat transfer coefficient, F (m²) it is tank skin heat transfer area, T_skinFor temperature sensor The outside wall temperature detected, T_cAir themperature in the spherical tank detected for temperature sensor.Wherein, In formula, i=1,2 ... .., n are tank skin structural division quantity, δ_iFor tank wall thickness, λ_i(W/ (m.K)) is thermal conductivity,For the convection transfer rate of atmosphere and tank skin,For the convection current of air in spherical tank and tank skin The coefficient of heat transfer, when due to training, cross-ventilation speed is lower, in practical applications according to the actual situationChoose definite value.Q_s For the influence that solar radiation generates spherical tank inside, due to engineering in practice, spherical tank volume is larger, in solar radiation to spherical tank The heat in portion can be ignored, therefore Q in practical applications_s=0, then the thermodynamic process in spherical tank is simplified are as follows:For temperature variation in spherical tank to be solved.

When temperature reaches given threshold in detection spherical tank, controller control associated electrical components movement includes: such as Fig. 1 institute Show, temperature sensor 601 is mainly used for monitoring wall temperature inside and outside spherical tank, when temperature is more than given threshold T in spherical tank₁When, pass through Temperature information is passed to programmable logic controller (PLC) 701 by sensor-signal receiver 702, and PLC controls are maked a whistling sound It cries and smoke devices 504 must be electric；When temperature is more than given threshold T₂When, by sensor-signal receiver 702 by temperature information Programmable logic controller (PLC) 701 is passed to, PLC controls vibrating motor 201 must be electric, and wherein vibrating motor can To pass through the size for adjusting exciting force, gradually to enhance the vibrating effect of spherical tank；When temperature is more than given threshold T₃When, pass through biography Temperature information is passed to programmable logic controller (PLC) 701, PLC controls electricity by sensor signal receiver 702 Dynamic push rod 501 obtains electric, 502 power loss of electromagnetism door-inhale；At the end of simulated training, when temperature is lower than given threshold T₄When, vibrating motor 201 stop vibration, and electric pushrod 501 obtains electric rising, and electromagnetism door-inhale 302 obtains electric actuation explosion folding side wall 503.

As in Figure 3-5, a kind of spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner, including removable tank body 100, vibration unit 200, Fuel element 300, spray unit 400 and simulated explosion unit 500, wherein fuel element 300 is set to removable tank body 100 Outside, the fire for simulating removable tank body 100 burn；Vibration unit 200 is set to the inside of removable tank body 100, uses In driving removable tank body 100 to generate vibration, the vibrational state before removable tank body 100 explodes is simulated；Simulated explosion unit 500 are set to the inside of removable tank body 100, for realizing removable 100 blast analogue of tank body；Spray unit 400 for pair Removable tank body 100 cools down.

Spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner further includes temperature and hydraulic feedback unit and control system, temperature and hydraulic feedback Unit includes temperature sensor and hydrostatic sensor, and temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of removable tank body 100, hydraulic biography Sensor is used to monitor the pressure of supply water of spray unit 400；Control system is for controlling each unit.

Control system includes programmable logic controller (PLC) and sensor-signal receiver, programmable logic controller (PLC) by pair The control of the above each unit, to realize the various functions of simulated combustion.

As shown in figure 3, removable tank body 100 includes spherical tank main body 101 and the multiple pedestals for being used to support spherical tank main body 101 Pillar 102 is connected by cross one another support frame 105 between multiple pedestal columns 102, keeps spherical tank whole more firm, respectively The lower end of pedestal column 102 is equipped with universal caster wheel 103.Universal caster wheel 103 has self-locking function, and its role is to simulated combustions For device in burning, universal caster wheel 103 is self-locking, and it is mobile to prevent spherical tank main body 101, and after simulated training, it can be with movable tank Body is deposited into safer position.

Pedestal column 102 includes spherical tank body support column 1021 and the rubber spring for being connected to 1021 lower end of spherical tank body support column 1022, universal caster wheel 103 is set to the bottom of rubber spring 1022, is welded with and is used for and external fixture in pedestal column 102 The fixation of connection picks up the ears 104.It is fixed to pick up the ears 104 in the burning of spherical tank fire disaster simulation, spherical tank main body 101 and ground object phase Even, it prevents simulated combustion device in simulated training, because of external force, and occurs mobile and cause accident, show simulated combustion Field is safer.

1021 end of spherical tank body support column installation rubber spring 1022 makes between spherical tank main body 101 and pedestal column 102 Cooperation, does not form a rigid body, prevents spherical tank from generating biggish impact force with ground in simulated explosion vibration, causes spherical tank master The damage of 101 structure of body.Meanwhile by rubber spring 1022 it is this be flexible coupling in the way of, it helps amplification simulated explosion when The vibrating effect of spherical tank main body 101 makes spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner, is more nearly true scene of fire.

As shown in figure 5, vibration unit 200 includes the mounting bracket 202 connecting with 101 inner wall of spherical tank main body and is set to peace Fill multiple vibrating motors 201 on bracket 202.

Further, mounting bracket 202 is fixed on by welding on spherical tank body support column 1021, and vibrating motor 201 are connected by bolt with mounting bracket 202, and vibrating motor 201 forms one by mounting bracket 202 and spherical tank main body 101 Rigidity is whole.When vibrating motor 201 starts, to drive spherical tank main body 101 to generate vibration, before the explosion of real simulation spherical tank Vibration Condition.

Fuel element 300 includes top burner 301, radiant wall burner 302 and supply air line 303, wherein top combustion Device 301 and radiant wall burner 302 are respectively arranged at top and the side-walls of spherical tank main body 101, top burner 301 and side wall combustion Burner 302 is connected to by two-way supply air line 303 with total supply air line 304 respectively.

Supply air line 303 is located at the inside of spherical tank main body 101, and one end of total supply air line 304 and supply air line 303 connect It connects, the other end is pierced by spherical tank main body 101 and connect with external air source.Supply air line 303 is through 101 inside of spherical tank main body and top Burner 301 is connected with radiant wall burner 302, by controlling the start and stop of combustion gas gas flow and two burners, realizes spherical tank The real simulation of fire burning.

Spray unit 400 includes water supply pipe 402 and the multiple chilling spray devices 401 connecting with water supply pipe 402, multiple Chilling spray device 401 is set to spherical tank main body 101 outwardly and inwardly.

Further, the chilling spray device 401 positioned at the outside of spherical tank main body 101 is arranged close to top burner 301, In The lower section of top burner 301, for carrying out cooling treatment to 301 surrounding of top burner.Positioned at the inside of spherical tank main body 101 Chilling spray device 401, the top of radiant wall burner 302 is set to, for cooling down around radiant wall burner 302.

As shown in fig. 6, simulated explosion unit 500 includes electric pushrod 501, electromagnetism door-inhale 502 and explosion folding side wall 503, wherein explosion folding side wall 503 is set to the opening that 101 side wall of spherical tank main body is equipped with, the upper end of opening is equipped with electromagnetism Door-inhale 502, the lower end of explosion folding side wall 503 and spherical tank main body 101 are hinged, and upper end is attracted by electromagnetism door-inhale 502, to seal Close spherical tank main body 101.Electric pushrod 501 is set to the inside of spherical tank main body 101 and is located at the top of opening, electric pushrod 501 output end is connect with explosion folding side wall 503, for driving explosion folding side wall 503 to rotate, to realize explosion folding The opening and closing of side wall 503.The top of spherical tank main body 101 is uttered long and high-pitched sounds equipped with simulation and smoke devices 504.By electrical to these The relevant control of equipment realizes spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner explosive effect.

Simulated explosion unit 500 realizes the explosion sequence of simulated combustion device are as follows:

When initial, electromagnetism door-inhale 502 is in energized state, is attracted explosion folding side wall 503, makes the formation of spherical tank main body 101 One entirety；When temperature rises to certain temperature in spherical tank main body 101, programmable logic controller (PLC) makes to utter long and high-pitched sounds and smoke devices 504 must be electric, issues sharp sound and dense smog, reminds trainer's spherical tank that will explode, need to evacuate to safety zone rapidly Domain；PLC controls vibrating motor 201 must be electric, and spherical tank is made to generate vibrating effect；Programmable logic controller (PLC) control Electric pushrod 501 processed it is electric under push away, 502 power loss of electromagnetism door-inhale, electric pushrod 501 push down on power effect under, explosion folding Side wall 503 is separated with spherical tank main body 101, completes the blast analogue of spherical tank fire.

Temperature sensor is monitored for 101 inside of spherical tank main body and outside wall temperature, and hydrostatic sensor is then to confession The pressure of water lines 402 is monitored, and guarantees the hydraulic normal of water supply pipe 402, so that utilization is cold when temperature rises too high But spray thrower 401 cools down top burner 301, radiant wall burner 302, prevents the generation of contingency, guarantees Simulated training carries out safely.

Programmable logic controller is used to control the lifting of electric pushrod 501,502 on-off of electromagnetism door-inhale, utters long and high-pitched sounds and smog 401 start and stop of 504 start and stop of device, the burning of top burner 301 and radiant wall burner 302 and chilling spray device.Sensing letter Number receiver is used to receive the feedback of temperature sensor and hydrostatic sensor.Programmable logic controller (PLC) and other each unit controls Control equipment completes mutual communication by Ethernet.

The opening of associated temperature threshold value and each unit electrical component/stop signal is set in programmable logic controller (PLC), is led to Cross control programmable logic controller (PLC), control top burner 301 and radiant wall burner 302 is on fire, the intensity of a fire can by controller by Step increases, and when the intensity of a fire reaches training requirement, fire drill personnel participate in training, using pre-set temperature threshold, comes The explosion movement of simulated combustion device is done step-by-step, wherein vibrating motor 201 can come gradually by the size of adjusting exciting force Enhance the vibrating effect of spherical tank, real simulation spherical tank fire.At the end of training, PLC controls chilling spray Cell operation reduces rapidly spherical tank bulk temperature, and when dropping to certain threshold value to temperature, control electric pushrod 501 rises, electromagnetism Door-inhale 502 obtains electric actuation explosion folding side wall 503, completes a cycle of training.

The course of work of device is:

Temperature sensor is mainly used for monitoring wall temperature inside and outside spherical tank main body 101, when temperature is more than to set in spherical tank main body 101 Determine threshold value T₁When, temperature information is passed to by programmable logic controller (PLC), programmable logic control by sensor-signal receiver Device control processed is uttered long and high-pitched sounds and smoke devices 504 must be electric；When temperature is more than given threshold T₂When, it will be warm by sensor-signal receiver Degree information passes to programmable logic controller (PLC), and PLC controls vibrating motor 201 must be electric, wherein vibrating motor 201 can be by the size of adjusting exciting force, gradually to enhance the vibrating effect of spherical tank main body 101；When temperature is more than setting threshold Value T₃When, temperature information is passed to by programmable logic controller (PLC), programmable logic controller (PLC) by sensor-signal receiver It controls electric pushrod 501 and obtains electric, 502 power loss of electromagnetism door-inhale；At the end of simulated training, when temperature is lower than given threshold T₄When, vibration Dynamic motor 201 stops vibration, and electric pushrod 501 obtains electric rising, and electromagnetism door-inhale 502 obtains electric actuation explosion folding side wall 503.

This spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner controls each unit module by programmable logic controller (PLC), has Effect simulates the real scene of spherical tank fire, facilitates fire drill personnel, by simulated training, is familiar with true spherical tank fire Scene enables it, according to field condition, to make reasonable rescue measure in truth.Spherical tank fire disaster simulation burning dress of the present invention It sets, spherical tank main structure is simple and firm, and mobility is good, and high degree of automation is easy to maintain, and it is highly reliable, in fire-fighting reality In the simulated training of border, there is preferable safety guarantee, prevent from contingency will not occurring because of spherical tank main body when training, it is ensured that disappear Anti- training of safety orderly carries out.

Spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner control method of the present invention, overcomes pid algorithm to Control of Nonlinear Systems precision The characteristics of not high and its poor robustness, and Smith Prediction Control algorithm is reduced for the sensibility of the precision of Model Matching, make Control method of the invention has robustness good, and adaptive ability is strong, the lesser hyperharmonic response time, is conducive to spherical tank Internal temperature control effectively.Meanwhile control method of the present invention, to spherical tank simulated combustion device internal temperature traffic conditions into It has gone mathematical modeling analysis, has helped to improve the control precision of system.Spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner of the present invention, by that can compile Journey logic controller, controls each unit module, effectively simulates the real scene of spherical tank fire, facilitates fire-fighting instruction Practice personnel and true spherical tank fire scenario is familiar with by simulated training, it is enable, according to field condition, to do in truth Rationally rescue measure out.Spherical tank fire disaster simulation burner of the present invention, spherical tank main structure is simple and firm, and mobility is good, High degree of automation, it is easy to maintain, it is highly reliable, in fire-fighting realistic simulation training, there is preferable safety guarantee, prevent from instructing Contingency will not occur because of spherical tank main body when practicing, it is ensured that the safe and orderly progress of fire drill.

Mode the above is only the implementation of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all in the present invention Spirit and principle within any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, extension etc., be all contained in protection scope of the present invention It is interior.