阅读说明：本技术 一种使用合光棱镜的新型单相机三维数字图像相关系统 (Novel single-camera three-dimensional digital image correlation system using light-combining prism ) 是由 潘兵 曾凡苍 董博 于 2019-08-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种使用X-cube棱镜和单个彩色相机的全靶面单相机三维数字图像相关测量系统及方法,包括X-cube棱镜(4),照明光源(2),平面镜(3),彩色相机(5),挡光板(1)及计算机(6)；平面镜将不同视角的光线反射进入X-cube棱镜(4),由棱镜分离光线颜色并合成一束光,通过镜头进入相机靶面,由相机采集得到颜色通道分离的双目立体图像。利用传统3D-DIC算法进行不同颜色通道图像的匹配,得到红、蓝图像的视差数据,获得被测物体的三维形貌,位移,及变形。本发明结构紧凑、系统参数易调节、立体成像质量高,在显微、高速等特殊领域进行三维形貌和变形的实验时,能更方便、有效地完成高精度三维测量。(The invention relates to a full target surface single-camera three-dimensional digital image correlation measurement system and a full target surface single-camera three-dimensional digital image correlation measurement method using an X-cube prism and a single color camera, wherein the system comprises the X-cube prism (4), an illumination light source (2), a plane mirror (3), the color camera (5), a light barrier (1) and a computer (6); the plane mirror reflects light rays with different visual angles into an X-cube prism (4), the color of the light rays is separated by the prism and a beam of light is synthesized, the light rays enter the target surface of the camera through the lens, and a binocular stereo image with separated color channels is acquired by the camera. And matching the images of different color channels by using a traditional 3D-DIC algorithm to obtain parallax data of the red and blue images and obtain the three-dimensional appearance, displacement and deformation of the measured object. The invention has compact structure, easy adjustment of system parameters and high stereo imaging quality, and can more conveniently and effectively finish high-precision three-dimensional measurement when carrying out experiments on three-dimensional appearance and deformation in special fields of microscopy, high speed and the like.)

1. a kind of three-dimensional digital image measuring system using X-cube light-combining prism and single color camera, it is characterised in that: The system includes X-cube light-combining prism (4), lighting source (2), plane mirror (3), color camera (5), light barrier (1) and calculating Machine (6)；

Lighting source (2) light intensity is adjustable, and color camera difference channel is enable to facilitate image similar in acquisition gray value；

The plane mirror (3) be used for from two visual angle reflection lights, make its directive light-combining prism (4), for realizing double-visual angle at Picture；

The X-cube light-combining prism (4) is used to filter the reflected light from its two sides plane mirror (3) as feux rouges and blue light respectively, And it synthesizes and goes out with a branch of light emission；

The color camera (5) is for acquiring the binary channels color image synthesized by X-cube light-combining prism (4)；

The light barrier (1) prevents it from entering camera by X-cube light-combining prism (4) for blocking the light from front；

The computer (6) is for handling by the collected calibration of color camera (5) and experimental image data, first by calibration maps It is separated as carrying out red, blue channel with experimental image, the uncalibrated image after recycling separation calculates camera parameter, finally to lab diagram As carrying out three-dimensional digital image (3D-DIC) analytical calculation, the three-dimensional appearance of testee, displacement and deformation data are obtained.

2. three-dimensional digital image measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the lighting source (2) is one Blue light source and a red-light source；Or the lighting source (2) be white light source, using when white light source in X-cube light combination Nonoverlapping red, the blue filter plate of frequency band is placed respectively in prism (4) two sides.

3. three-dimensional digital image measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the plane mirror (3) will come from The light of testee reflects, and is allowed to vertical incidence X-cube light-combining prism (4), the X-cube light-combining prism (4) will respectively from It is red, blue light that the light of two face vertical incidence is considered respectively, then synthesizes same light beam and project from the face close to color camera.

4. a kind of three-dimensional digital image measuring system using X-cube light-combining prism and single color camera, it is characterised in that: The system includes X-cube light-combining prism (4), lighting source (2), plane mirror (3), color camera (5) and computer (6)；

Lighting source (2) light intensity is adjustable, and color camera difference channel is enable to facilitate image similar in acquisition gray value；

The plane mirror (3) is used to make its directive X-cube light-combining prism (4), from multiple visual angle reflection lights for realizing more Visual angle imaging；

The X-cube light-combining prism (4) is for coming from measured object for the reflected light from its two sides plane mirror (3) and front It is feux rouges, blue light and green light that the reflected light of body is filtered respectively, and synthesizes and go out with a branch of light emission；

The color camera (5) is for acquiring the Three Channel Color image synthesized by X-cube light-combining prism (4)；

The computer (6) is for handling by the collected calibration of color camera (5) and experimental image data, first by calibration maps As carrying out red, blue, green channel separation with experimental image, the uncalibrated image after recycling separation calculates camera parameter, finally to reality It tests image and carries out three-dimensional digital image 3D-DIC analytical calculation, obtain the three-dimensional appearance of testee, displacement and deformation data.

5. three-dimensional digital image measuring system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the lighting source (2) is one Blue light source, a red-light source and a green-light source；Or the lighting source (2) is white light source, when using white light source Nonoverlapping red, blue, the green filter plate of frequency band is placed respectively in X-cube light-combining prism (4) two sides and front.

6. three-dimensional digital image measuring system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the plane mirror (3) will come from The light of testee reflects, and is allowed to vertical incidence X-cube light-combining prism (4), the X-cube light-combining prism (4) will respectively from It is red, blue, green light that the light of three face vertical incidence is filtered respectively, then synthesizes same light beam and project from the 4th face.

7. three-dimensional digital image measuring system according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that: the color camera uses 3CCD color camera or high-speed color camera.

8. three-dimensional digital image measuring system according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that: the color camera is equipped with Common lens or high-power microscope head.

9. according to three-dimensional digital image measuring system described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that: the X-cube prism (4) Two diagonal lines are coated with semi-transparent semi-reflecting film respectively, and the white light incident from one side can be broken down into redgreenblue respectively from the other three Face is projected, and similarly, can be synthesized from the redgreenblue light of three face incidences, and is projected from the 4th face.

10. a kind of measurement method using the described in any item three-dimensional digital image measuring systems of claim 1-9, including it is following Step:

1) speckle is sprayed on test specimen surface, and fixes test specimen according to required Test Cycle；

2) before the measuring system in claim 1-9 being placed on testee, adjusting plane mirror (3) and color camera (5) makes Each channel imaging clearly；

3) the operating condition load measured needed for carrying out, and image is acquired using computer (6) control color camera (5)；

4) Color Channel separation is carried out to acquired image and carries out digital picture 3D-DIC analytical calculation.

Technical field

The present invention relates to optical measurement mechanics fields, especially a kind of to be based on the relevant three-dimensional appearance of digital picture, displacement and change Shape measurement method.

Background technique

Currently, the three-dimensional appearance of measurement object, displacement and deformation generally use three-dimensional digital image correlation method (3D Digital Image Correlation, 3D-DIC) this contactless measuring method.This technology generallys use The camera of two or more synchronizations measures.But there are still some in actual use for the system based on multiple cameras Insufficient: the use of multiple cameras can exponentially increase cost；And multiple cameras need strict guarantee synchronous, need complicated synchronous touching Transmitting apparatus and technology；In addition, the characteristic of different cameral will not be identical, difference can calculate to DIC and bring difficulty.It is using When high-speed camera carries out dynamic deformation measurement, these problems are especially prominent.

Since traditional 3D-DIC method based on polyphaser is there is disadvantage mentioned above, researchers begin one's study using single The 3D-DIC method of a camera.Xia etc. first proposed the 3D-DIC method based on optical grating diffraction, and wherein grating can obtain -1, 0,1 grade of 3 image, taking wherein can carry out 3D-DIC calculating for -1 and 1 grade.This method sacrifices the center of target surface, Image also only has original 1/3 using effective resolution.Lee etc. first proposed the one camera stereoscopic vision based on refraction by prism Technology, but since the special distortion of prism bring is so that its model is complex.And based on the method for reflection due to not abnormal Become, and resolution ratio is higher and be used widely.These methods thoroughly solve the synchronization of multiple virtual cameras all from imaging Problem to carry out accurate three-dimensional measurement using high speed camera.However, being based on diffraction above, reflect and anti- All there is an important deficiency in the one camera 3D-DIC scheme penetrated: the imaging of these methods in the different zones of the same target surface, One camera 3D-DIC measurement is realized to sacrifice camera target surface spatial resolution.

In order to realize full target surface three-dimensional appearance and deformation measurement, Yu etc. in the case where not sacrificing camera space resolution ratio precondition A kind of novel full target surface based on single 3CCD color camera, one camera 3D-DIC method are proposed, this method is logical using color The method of road separation, will be red, and the picture in blue two channels is recorded simultaneously, realizes in the case where a camera is used only complete Target surface full field deformation measure.In addition, Yu also proposed color cross-talk antidote, this technology is enable to be applied to general CMOS On camera, so that the measurement using high-speed cmos color camera is achieved.Li proposes real based on polarization camera and polarizing film Existing full target surface one camera 3D-DIC can be acquired under different perspectives by way of two polarizing film cooperation polarization cameras to eliminate Interfering with each other between image.But this method is limited to the high cost of polarization camera itself, and practicability is not so good as to be based on color The method of light splitting, and this mode based on polarization imaging can not also be applied in high-speed measuring system.Zhong, which is proposed, to be adopted The simplification of measuring system light channel structure is realized with a dichroic filter plate to solve measuring system caused by light channel structure complexity The practical problems such as integrated level is low and parameter is difficult to adjust, but regrettably, the program also results in a series of volumes while implementation The image deformation etc. that outer imaging problem, the ghost as caused by dichroic filter plate rear surface reflected light and refraction effect cause. Later, Yang proposes another scheme, and green channel is also used, and realizes the 3D measurement of multi-angle of view.But its scheme Middle blue and green channel all have passed through and transmit twice, and energy attenuation is higher, very high to lighting requirement.

Summary of the invention

The full target surface single color camera 3D-DIC system of X-cube light-combining prism and measurement are used the invention proposes a kind of Method, structure is more simple and compact, and binary channels only need to be transmitted once, improves the utilization efficiency of light source, simultaneity factor ginseng Number is also easier to and adjusts.Can realize normal 3D-DIC using two channels in left and right, cooperation intermediate channel can with face test specimen, Realize multi-angle of view DIC.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems are as follows:

A kind of three-dimensional digital image measuring system using X-cube light-combining prism and single color camera, the system include X-cube light-combining prism, lighting source, plane mirror, color camera, light barrier and computer；

The lighting source light intensity is adjustable, and color camera difference channel is enable to facilitate image similar in acquisition gray value；

The plane mirror is used to make its directive light-combining prism from two visual angle reflection lights, for realizing double-visual angle imaging；

The X-cube light-combining prism is used to filter the reflected light from its two sides plane mirror as feux rouges and blue light respectively, and It synthesizes and goes out with a branch of light emission；

The color camera is for acquiring the binary channels color image synthesized by X-cube light-combining prism；

The light barrier prevents it from entering camera by X-cube light-combining prism for blocking the light from front；

The computer is for handling by the collected calibration of color camera and experimental image data, first by uncalibrated image It carries out red blue channel with experimental image to separate, the uncalibrated image after recycling separation calculates camera parameter, finally to experimental image Three-dimensional digital image 3D-DIC analytical calculation is carried out, the three-dimensional appearance of testee, displacement and deformation data are obtained.

Further, the lighting source is a blue light source and a red-light source；Or the lighting source is white light Light source places nonoverlapping red, the blue filter plate of frequency band in X-cube light-combining prism two sides using when white light source respectively.

Further, the plane mirror reflects the light from testee, is allowed to vertical incidence X-cube light-combining prism, The X-cube light-combining prism will be filtered respectively from the light of two face vertical incidence as red, blue light respectively, then synthesizes same light beam And it is projected from the face close to color camera.

A kind of three-dimensional digital image measuring system using X-cube light-combining prism and single color camera, feature exist In: the system includes X-cube light-combining prism, lighting source, plane mirror, color camera and computer；

The lighting source light intensity is adjustable, and color camera difference channel is enable to facilitate image similar in acquisition gray value；

The plane mirror is used to make its directive X-cube light-combining prism from multiple visual angle reflection lights, for realizing more views Angle imaging；

The X-cube light-combining prism is used to the reflected light from its two sides plane mirror and front coming from testee Reflected light filtered respectively as feux rouges, blue light and green light, and synthesize and go out with a branch of light emission；

The color camera is for acquiring the Three Channel Color image synthesized by X-cube light-combining prism；

The computer is for handling by the collected calibration of color camera and experimental image data, first by uncalibrated image Red, blue, green channel separation is carried out with experimental image, the uncalibrated image after recycling separation calculates camera parameter, finally to experiment Image carries out three-dimensional digital image 3D-DIC analytical calculation, obtains the three-dimensional appearance of testee, displacement and deformation data.

Further, the lighting source is a blue light source, a red-light source and a green-light source；Or the illumination Light source is white light source, nonoverlapping using frequency band is placed respectively in X-cube light-combining prism two sides and front when white light source Red, blue, green filter plate.

Further, the plane mirror reflects the light from testee, is allowed to vertical incidence X-cube light-combining prism, The X-cube light-combining prism is by from red, the indigo plant of three face vertical incidence, green light rays synthesis is with light beam and from the 4th respectively It projects in face.

Further, the color camera uses 3CCD color camera or high-speed color camera；

Further, the color camera is equipped with common lens or high-power microscope head.

Further, two diagonal line of X-cube prism is coated with semi-transparent semi-reflecting film respectively, the white light incident from one side Redgreenblue can be broken down into project from the other three face respectively, similarly, from the redgreenblue light meeting of three face incidence Synthesis, and projected from the 4th face.

A kind of measurement method of the three-dimensional digital image measuring system using X-cube light-combining prism and single color camera, The following steps are included:

1) speckle is sprayed on test specimen surface, and fixes test specimen according to required Test Cycle；

2) before the three-dimensional digital image measuring system being placed on testee, adjusting plane mirror and color camera makes respectively Channel imaging clearly；

3) the operating condition load measured needed for carrying out, and make the color camera acquisition image that computerizeds control；

4) Color Channel separation is carried out to acquired image and carries out digital picture 3D-DIC analytical calculation.

The invention has the benefit that

1. the system can be realized 3D-DIC only with the single shot of a camera and measure, it is made using X-cube prism Simpler and compact optical texture can be obtained under the premise of keeping image quality, have that at low cost, not need camera same The features such as step

2. the system realizes one camera three-dimensional imaging by color light-dividing device, there is full target surface measurement capability, will not lead Cause the reduction of imaging resolution in measurement process

3. the system can also effectively be extended to high speed, the special fields of measurement such as micro-, thus be effectively reduced hardware cost and Test space demand

4. having benefited from the full symmetric optical texture of new system, it can realize that system is joined as traditional binocular 3D-DIC Several facilitates adjusting.

5. comparing with traditional one camera 3D-DIC system, 3 Color Channels can be utilized after light barrier is changed to filter plate, It can restore the part blocked in conventional method due to visual angle.

6. comparing with the Zhang special DIC proposed the and Yang multi-angle of view one camera 3D-DIC proposed, each channel is only Primary transmission occurs, improves the utilization rate of light source, each channel luminance is more uniform, is conducive to DIC and carries out Stereo matching.

7. each channel reflection number is even-times, imaging is upright and does not tilt, and is conducive to DIC and carries out three-dimensional Match.

Detailed description of the invention

In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1；

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2；

In figure: 1, light barrier；2, lighting source；3, plane mirror；4, X-cube light-combining prism；5, color camera；6, it calculates Machine；7, filter plate.

Specific embodiment

To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, technical solution of the present invention will be carried out below Detailed description.Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Base Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained all without making creative work Other embodiment belongs to the range that the present invention is protected.