阅读说明：本技术 基于迈克尔逊干涉的喷泉型原子重力仪光束相位变化测量装置与方法 (Fountain type belted atomic vapor beam phase measure of the change apparatus and method based on Michelson interference ) 是由 魏荣 张宁 姬清晨 王倩 于 2019-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种基于迈克尔逊干涉的原子干涉重力仪反射镜振动造成光束相位变化测量的装置及方法,装置包括：光束相位测量、光束干涉采集、干涉信号处理。反射镜振动是影响喷泉型原子干涉仪性能指标的最重要因素之一,本发明通过实时精密测量的办法同步标定振动引起的相位变化,修正该偏差,抑制振动的影响,显著提高干涉仪性能指标。运用迈克尔逊干涉装置对反射镜振动信息进行提取,实现高精度振动相位变化测量；运用正交采集干涉条纹法,可以消除干涉条纹的非线性；最后经过对干涉信号的处理可以实时测量反射镜振动引起的光束相位抖动,可以减小测量的不确定度。并且,干涉仪所用激光可以与原子干涉重力仪所用激光相同,实现相位探测的完全同步。(The atomic interference gravimeter reflecting mirror vibration based on Michelson interference that the present invention relates to a kind of causes the device and method of beam phase measure of the change, and device includes: beam phase measurement, beam interference acquisition, interference signal processing.Reflecting mirror vibration is to influence one of the most important factor of fountain type atomic interferometer performance indicator, phase change caused by the present invention is vibrated by the synchronous calibration of method that real-time accurate measures, the deviation is corrected, inhibits the influence of vibration, significantly improves interferometer performance index.Reflecting mirror vibration information is extracted with Michelson interference device, realizes high-precision vibration phase measure of the change；With orthogonal acquisition interference fringe method, the non-linear of interference fringe can be eliminated；Finally by caused beam phase shake can be vibrated to the processing of interference signal with real-time measurement reflecting mirror, the uncertainty of measurement can reduce.Also, laser used in interferometer can be identical as laser used in atomic interference gravimeter, realizes the fully synchronized of phase detection.)

1. a kind of belted atomic vapor Raman light beam phase change measuring device based on Michelson interference, which is characterized in that packet Include the first half wave plate (2), the first polarization splitting prism (3), the first quarter-wave plate (4), Raman reflecting mirror (5), Second quarter-wave plate (6), reference mirror (7), Amici prism (8), the second half wave plate (9), the second polarization point Light prism (10), the first photodetector (11), the second photodetector (12), third photodetector (16), the 4th photoelectricity Detector (17) and the signal processing system (18)；

The output light (1) of atomic interference gravimeter laser system is incident on described through the first half wave plate (2) First polarization splitting prism (3) is divided into the first reflected light and the first transmitted light by first polarization splitting prism (3), described The first reflected light the reference mirror (7) is incident on through second quarter-wave plate (6), and through this with reference to anti- Mirror (7) reflection is penetrated along backtracking, first polarization spectro is again incident on through second quarter-wave plate (6) Prism (3) is transmitted through first polarization splitting prism (3), forms the second transmitted light；First transmitted light is through described One quarter-wave plate (4) is incident on the Raman reflecting mirror (5), and reflects through the Raman reflecting mirror (5) along backtracking, First polarization splitting prism (3) is again incident on through first quarter-wave plate (4), through this through this first partially Vibration Amici prism (3) reflection, forms the second reflected light；

It is divided into third transmitted light and third through the Amici prism (8) after second transmitted light and the second reflection combiner Reflected light, the third transmitted light are incident on the second polarization spectro rib through the second half wave plate (9) Mirror (10) is divided into the 4th transmitted light and the 4th the reflected beams through second polarization splitting prism (10)；The third reflected light The third polarization point is successively incident on through the third quarter-wave plate (13) and third half wave plate (14) Light prism (15) is divided into the 5th transmitted light and the 5th reflected light through the third polarization splitting prism (15)；

First photodetector (11) detects the 4th transmitted intensity of the second polarization splitting prism (10), and the second photoelectricity is visited The 4th intensity of reflected light of device (12) detection the second polarization splitting prism (10) is surveyed, it is inclined that third photodetector (16) detects third Shake the 5th transmitted intensity of Amici prism (15), and the 4th photodetector (17) detects the of third polarization splitting prism (15) Five transmitted intensities, first photodetector (11), the second photodetector (12), third photodetector (16) and 4th photodetector (17) is connected with the signal processing system (18) respectively.

2. belted atomic vapor Raman light beam phase change measuring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described The fast axis direction and the folder of the polarization direction of the light beam passed through of first quarter-wave plate (4), the second quarter-wave plate (6) Angle is 45 ° or 135 °, the angle of the fast axis direction of third quarter-wave plate (13) and the polarization direction of the light beam passed through It is 0 ° or 90 °, fast axis direction and the light beam that is passed through of the first half wave plate (9), the second half wave plate (14) The angle of polarization direction be 22.5 °.

3. belted atomic vapor Raman light beam phase change measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first light Electric explorer (11), the second photodetector (12), third photodetector (16) and the 4th photodetector (17) are photoelectricity Diode, phototriode, photomultiplier tube or photocell.

4. belted atomic vapor Raman light beam phase change measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Quarter-wave plate, half wave plate are crystalline material type wave plate, and multi-component compound wave plate reflects rib figure wave plate or two-fold Penetrate film-type wave plate.

5. belted atomic vapor Raman light beam phase change measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Polarization splitting prism is cemented type polarization splitting prism or optical cement type polarization splitting prism.

6. belted atomic vapor Raman light beam phase change measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described The first polarization splitting prism (3), the second polarization splitting prism (10), third polarization splitting prism (15) two polarization axles with The angle of horizontal direction is 0 ° and 90 °.

7. belted atomic vapor Raman light beam phase change measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the letter Number processing system (18) be include signal acquisition circuit or device, signal amplification circuit and with data processing and analysis software Data processing system including microcomputer.

8. being become using belted atomic vapor Raman light beam phase change measuring device measurement Raman beam phase described in claim 1 The method of change, it is characterised in that the following steps:

1. the distance of adjustment reference mirror (7) to the first polarization splitting prism (3) is allowed to meet reference mirror (7) to first The distance of polarization splitting prism (3) and the range difference of Raman reflecting mirror (5) to the first polarization splitting prism (3) are intervening atom weight Power instrument work atomic spectral line corresponding wavelength usedTimes；

2. opening atomic interference gravimeter, the first photodetector (11), the second photodetector (12), third photodetector (16), the 4th photodetector (17) separately detects the transmitted light beam of second polarization splitting prism (10), the second polarization The reflected beams of Amici prism (10), the transmitted light beam of third polarization splitting prism (15), third polarization splitting prism (15) The reflected beams obtain the interference light intensity information I comprising beam phase change information₁₁、I₁₂、I₁₆、I₁₇, and the light intensity signal is converted For the corresponding electric signal input signal processing system；

3. signal processing system carries out following calculation:

Wherein, K₁₁The circuit coefficients of circuit, K where the first photodetector (11)₁₂Where the second photodetector (12) The circuit coefficients of circuit are utilizing, K₁₆The circuit coefficients of circuit, K where third photodetector (16)₁₇For the spy of the 4th photoelectricity The circuit coefficients of circuit, A where surveying device (17)₁For U₁Profile amplitude, A₂For U₂Profile amplitude,For beam phase to be measured；

4. judgingThe quadrant at place:

If u₁> 0, u₂> 0 is thenPositioned at fourth quadrant；

If u₁> 0, u₂< 0 is thenPositioned at third quadrant；

If u₁< 0, u₂> 0 is thenPositioned at first quartile；

If u₁< 0, u₂< 0 is thenPositioned at the second quadrant；

5. calculating beam phase to be measuredFormula is as follows:

Or

Or

9. the method for measurement Raman light beam phase change according to claim 8, it is characterised in that further include 6. step connects In continuous measurement Raman action time sectionIt is worth to get the phase change curve of Raman light beam is arrived.

Technical field

The present invention relates to atomic interference gravimeter field of precision measurement, and in particular, to one kind is based on Michelson interference Raman light beam phase detection apparatus and method.

Background technique

Fountain type atomic interferometer is to measure gravity acceleration g and its most important most accurate one of the instrument of gradient at present, Its basic principle is that the Cold atomic cloud of upthrow is allowed to interact with to the raman laser penetrated, and realizes cold original using two photon transition The beam splitting of sub- cloud, closes beam at reflection, and two beam intervening atoms realize the measurement to g.This method is from principle to atom and Raman light field There are very strict requirements to irradiating light beam phase when interaction, is to reflect to produce by reflecting mirror by beam of laser to laser is penetrated Raw, the vibration of reflecting mirror is to influence one of the most important factor of interferometer performance index.The vibration of reflecting mirror derives from optical path Platform, air or big vibration, have much relations with the fixed form of reflecting mirror, the anti-vibration performance of system.Reflecting mirror vibration An important factor for output influence moved on atomic interference gravimeter is very big, is limits device uncertainty.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is to make up the deficiency of existing measuring technique, and it is dry to provide a kind of atom gravity based on Michelson interference The device and method that Raman light beam phase change measures in interferometer.This method have real-time measurement phase, do not introduce additional noise, The time of measuring window advantage for being conducive to reduce gravimeter uncertainty identical as laser action time window.Interfered by record The variation of striped can measure the true Vibration Condition of reflecting mirror, and then calculate the frequency of vibration, and calculate by vibrating The phase change of caused system beam, therefore can more accurately assess the contribution to measurement result uncertainty.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

A kind of belted atomic vapor Raman light beam phase change measuring device based on Michelson interference, it is characterized in that, Including the first half wave plate, the first polarization splitting prism, the first quarter-wave plate, Raman reflecting mirror, the two or four/ One wave plate, reference mirror, Amici prism, the second half wave plate, the second polarization splitting prism, the first photodetector, Second photodetector, third photodetector, the 4th photodetector and the signal processing system；

The output light of atomic interference gravimeter laser system is incident on described the through the first half wave plate One polarization splitting prism is divided into the first reflected light and the first transmitted light by first polarization splitting prism, and described first is anti- It penetrates light and is incident on the reference mirror through second quarter-wave plate, and reflect through the reference mirror along former road It returns, first polarization splitting prism is again incident on through second quarter-wave plate, through first polarization point Light prism transmission forms the second transmitted light；First transmitted light is incident on described through first quarter-wave plate Raman reflecting mirror, and through the Raman reflecting mirror reflect along backtracking, it is incident again through first quarter-wave plate To first polarization splitting prism, is reflected through this through first polarization splitting prism, form the second reflected light；

It is divided into third transmitted light and the through the Amici prism after second transmitted light and the second reflection combiner Three reflected lights, the third transmitted light are incident on the second polarization spectro rib through the second half wave plate Mirror is divided into the 4th transmitted light and the 4th the reflected beams through second polarization splitting prism；The third reflected light is successively through institute The third quarter-wave plate and third half wave plate stated are incident on the third polarization splitting prism, inclined through the third Vibration Amici prism is divided into the 5th transmitted light and the 5th reflected light；

First photodetector detects the 4th transmitted intensity of the second polarization splitting prism, the second photodetector The 4th intensity of reflected light of the second polarization splitting prism is detected, third photodetector detects the 5th of third polarization splitting prism Transmitted intensity, the 4th photodetector detect the 5th transmitted intensity of third polarization splitting prism, first photoelectricity Detector, the second photodetector, third photodetector and the 4th photodetector respectively with the signal processing system It is connected.

The polarization of the fast axis direction of first quarter-wave plate, the second quarter-wave plate and the light beam passed through The angle in direction is 45 ° or 135 °, the polarization of the fast axis direction of the third quarter-wave plate and the light beam passed through The angle in direction is 0 °, fast axis direction and the light that is passed through of the second half wave plate, third half wave plate The angle of the polarization direction of beam is 22.5 °.

The quarter-wave plate, half wave plate are crystalline material type wave plate, and multi-component compound wave plate reflects rib Figure wave plate or birefringent film type wave plate.

The polarization splitting prism is cemented type polarization splitting prism or optical cement type polarization splitting prism.

The photodetector is photodiode, phototriode, photomultiplier tube or photocell.

First polarization splitting prism, the second polarization splitting prism, third polarization splitting prism two polarization axles Angle with horizontal direction is 0 ° and 90 °.

The signal processing system be include signal acquisition circuit or device, signal amplification circuit and with data processing and Analyze the data processing system including the microcomputer of software.

Utilize the side of the belted atomic vapor Raman light beam phase change measuring device measurement Raman light beam phase change Method, including the following steps:

1. the distance of adjustment reference mirror to the first polarization splitting prism is allowed to meet reference mirror to the first polarization The distance of Amici prism and the range difference of Raman reflecting mirror to the first polarization splitting prism are the atomic spectral line that works used in gravimeter Corresponding wavelengthTimes.

2. unbalanced pulse type Raman atomic interference gravimeter, is allowed to work normally, first photodetector, second Photodetector, third photodetector, the 4th photodetector separately detect the transmission of second polarization splitting prism Light beam, the reflected beams of the second polarization splitting prism, the transmitted light beam of third polarization splitting prism, third polarization splitting prism The reflected beams obtain the interference light intensity information I comprising beam phase change information₁₁、I₁₂、I₁₆、I₁₇, and the light intensity signal is converted For the corresponding electric signal input signal processing system.

3. the signal processing system carries out following calculation when device, which is built, meets claim 2 and 4:

Wherein, K₁₁The circuit coefficients of circuit, K where the first photodetector₁₂The circuit where the second photodetector Circuit coefficients utilizing, K₁₆For the circuit coefficients of circuit where third photodetector, K₁₇Where the 4th photodetector The circuit coefficients of circuit, A₁For U₁Profile amplitude, A₂For U₂Profile amplitude,For beam phase to be measured.

4. according to u_s、u_cSymbol may determine thatThe quadrant at place, judgment method are as follows:

If u_s> 0, u_c> 0 is thenPositioned at fourth quadrant；

If u_s> 0, u_c< 0 is thenPositioned at third quadrant；

If u_s< 0, u_c> 0 is thenPositioned at first quartile；

If u_s< 0, u_c< 0 is thenPositioned at the second quadrant.

Then it carries out againOccurrence calculate, following calculation method can be used:

Or

In continuous measurement Raman action time sectionValue can measure the phase change curve of Raman light beam.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1, Raman light beam phase change measures in the atom gravity interferometer provided by the invention based on Michelson interference Device and method, Raman light beam phase change light source for measuring is identical with light source used in atom gravity interferometer, is surveyed Phase change equivalent changes in Raman light field phase.

2, Raman light beam phase change measures in the atom gravity interferometer provided by the invention based on Michelson interference Raman light beam situation of change caused by method, directly measurement reflecting mirror are vibrated, the vibration independent of rigid body are transmitted, and measurement is not deposited In systematic error, while the parameter value of vibration can be extracted.

3, Raman light beam phase change measures in the atom gravity interferometer provided by the invention based on Michelson interference Method, beam phase measure of the change time window and Raman light field and atom action time window are completely the same, can be preferably Assess systematic survey uncertainty caused by Raman light beam action time inner light beam phase change.

4, Raman light beam phase change measures in the atom gravity interferometer provided by the invention based on Michelson interference Method, using the measurement method of optical interference, combined data processing method, measurement accuracy is high, and precision is up to mrad magnitude.

Detailed description of the invention

It can be to the detailed description that embodiment is done, feature of the invention, system work referring to the following drawings by reading Principle will become more apparent:

Fig. 1 is the atomic interference gravimeter Raman light beam phase change measuring device structural frames based on Michelson interference Figure.

Fig. 2 is the program chart for judging phase change direction.

Specific embodiment

Elaborate below to the embodiment of the present invention: the present embodiment is with the base of measuring device of the present invention and technology Implemented on plinth, provides detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection model of the invention should not be limited with this It encloses.