阅读说明：本技术 一种基于利萨如图形的光速测量方法与装置 (A kind of light velocity measurement method and apparatus based on Lissajou's figure ) 是由 李雪梅 王玉华 杨金生 于 2019-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种基于利萨如图形的光速测量方法与装置,属于光速测量领域,本发明的方法步骤如下：获取光拍频波；将光拍频波分成远程光和近程光分别照射到光电接收盒内；光电接收盒对接收的远程、近程光拍转化为光拍频高频信号并进行滤波、放大处理,获得两束频率相同的光拍信号；对频率相同相位不同的两束光拍进行电磁波分离；分离获得的光拍信号分别输入示波器,利用利萨如图形判断远近程光拍的相位差。本发明基于利萨如图形测量光速,实现准确判断远近光拍的相位差和光程差,提高光速测量的精度,通过多次反射光拍的反射镜组的设计实现减小光速测定仪的尺寸和重量。(The present invention discloses a kind of light velocity measurement method and apparatus based on Lissajou's figure, belongs to light velocity measurement field, and method and step of the invention is as follows: obtaining light beating wave；Light beating wave is divided into long-range light and short range light is respectively radiated in opto-electronic receiver box；Opto-electronic receiver box is converted into photo-beat frequency high-frequency signal to received long-range, short range photo-beat and is filtered, enhanced processing, obtains the identical photo-beat signal of two beam frequencies；The two-beam different to frequency same phase, which is clapped, carries out electromagnetic wave separation；The photo-beat signal that separation obtains inputs oscillograph respectively, and the phase difference of far and near journey photo-beat is judged using Lissajou's figure.The present invention is based on Lissajou's figures to measure the light velocity, realizes the phase difference and optical path difference of accurate judgement distance photo-beat, improves the precision of light velocity measurement, and the size and weight for reducing light velocity analyzer are realized by the design of the reflection microscope group of multiple reflections photo-beat.)

1. a kind of light velocity measurement method based on Lissajou's figure, comprising:

Obtain light beating wave；

Light beating wave is divided into long-range light and short range light is respectively radiated in opto-electronic receiver box；

Opto-electronic receiver box is converted into photo-beat frequency high-frequency signal to received remote, short range light and is filtered, enhanced processing, obtains The identical photo-beat signal of two beam frequencies；

The two-beam different to frequency same phase, which is clapped, carries out electromagnetic wave separation；

The two-beam that separation obtains claps signal and inputs oscillograph respectively, and the phase of far and near journey photo-beat is judged using Lissajou's figure Difference.

2. a kind of light velocity measurement method based on Lissajou's figure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the frequency The first passage of dual trace oscilloscope longitudinal direction input terminal and second is inputted respectively after the electromagnetic wave separation of same phase difference photo-beat to lead to Road selects oscillograph X-Y mode.

3. a kind of light velocity measurement method based on Lissajou's figure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the utilization Lissajou's figure judges the phase difference process of far and near journey photo-beat are as follows:

When Lissajou's figure is a three quadrant straight line, straight slope is positive, and far and near light path is in the same direction at this time, and phase difference is that 2 π work as When Lissajou's figure is two four-quadrant straight line, straight slope is negative, and far and near light path is reversed at this time, and phase difference is π, remote by changing Cheng Guang light path changes the optical path difference and phase difference of far and near journey photo-beat.

4. a kind of light velocity measurement method based on Lissajou's figure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: utilize photo-beat The processor two-beam different to frequency same phase, which is clapped, carries out electromagnetic wave separation.

5. a kind of light velocity measurement device based on Lissajou's figure, including, the transmitting module being arranged on cabinet (24) and reception Module, the transmitting module include:

He-Ne laser (1), He-Ne laser (1) direction of the launch correspondence are equipped with acousto-optic frequency shifters (2), and the acousto-optic moves Frequency device (2) is corresponding mounting diaphragm (4),

Total reflection mirror (5), installation corresponding with light bar (4), the total reflection mirror (5) are penetrated correspondence on light path and are equipped with for light It is divided into the half-reflecting mirror I (8) and chopper (13) of long-range light and short range light, the half-reflecting mirror I (8) and chopper (13) are corresponding Half-reflecting mirror II (9) and total reflection mirror II (6) is installed to be used to reflect short range light and long-range light,

Wherein, the short range light is described long-range by installation opto-electronic receiver box (17) corresponding on half-reflecting mirror II (9) reflection path Light passes through half reflection after passing through the first reflection microscope group (10), the second reflection microscope group (11), third reflection microscope group (12) reflection respectively Mirror II (9) injects opto-electronic receiver box (17),

Wherein, the second reflection microscope group (11), third reflection microscope group (12) are separately mounted on sliding block, are installed on the cabinet (24) There is the guide rail (14,15) for cooperating with sliding block, first reflection microscope group (10) is fixed setting.

6. a kind of light velocity measurement device based on Lissajou's figure according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the reception Module includes:

Opto-electronic receiver box (17), the opto-electronic receiver box (17) are equipped with the frequency divider of installation corresponding with half-reflecting mirror II (9) (18), it and inside it is additionally provided with filter amplification circuit,

Photo-beat processor is connect with the filter amplification circuit in opto-electronic receiver box (17), and the photo-beat processor is also and oscillograph It is attached.

7. a kind of light velocity measurement device based on Lissajou's figure according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described first Microscope group (10), the second reflection microscope group (11), third reflection microscope group (12) are reflected by the first reflecting mirror (50) and connection plate body (60) it forms, first reflecting mirror (50) is set to connection plate body (60) both ends and constitutes isosceles trapezoid shape, the connection plate body (60) first reflecting mirror (50) at both ends is respectively used to receive long-range light and projects long-range light.

8. a kind of light velocity measurement device based on Lissajou's figure according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the connection Plate body (60) length be greater than two first reflecting mirrors (50) in 45 ° of angles and under one end connection status two first reflecting mirrors (50) it Between reflect optical path length.

9. a kind of light velocity measurement device based on Lissajou's figure according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described to be all-trans It penetrates mirror I (5), total reflection mirror II (6), total reflection mirror III (7), half-reflecting mirror I (8), half-reflecting mirror II and is equipped with level on (9) Instrument (25).

10. a kind of light velocity measurement device based on Lissajou's figure according to claim 5-9 any claim, special Sign is: cabinet (24) side is equipped with operation button (3), and the opto-electronic receiver box (17) is equipped with knob I (20), knob II (21), window (19).

Technical field

The invention belongs to light velocity measurement technical fields, and in particular to a kind of light velocity measurement method based on Lissajou's figure with Device.

Background technique

When photo-beat method surveys the light velocity, far and near photo-beat accesses the same channel of oscillograph, is shown as two sine waves.Current same mistake Two beam sine waves so that it is determined that the wavelength of photo-beat, judge with the comparison of reverse state to measure the phase difference of two-beam bat in the same direction Need wave crest or trough to be aligned in the same direction and reversely, be easy to appear biggish error at this time, reference can be made to Fig. 1, shown in 2.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of light velocity measurement method and apparatus based on Lissajou's figure, the present invention is based on Lissajou's figure measures the light velocity, realizes the phase difference and optical path difference of accurate judgement distance photo-beat, improves the precision of light velocity measurement, leads to The size and weight for reducing light velocity analyzer are realized in the design for crossing the reflection microscope group of multiple reflections photo-beat.

A kind of technical solution that the present invention is taken to achieve the above object are as follows: light velocity measurement side based on Lissajou's figure Method, steps are as follows:

Obtain light beating wave；

Light beating wave is divided into long-range light and short range light is respectively radiated in opto-electronic receiver box；

Opto-electronic receiver box is converted into photo-beat frequency high-frequency signal to received instant and near light and is filtered, enhanced processing, obtains Obtain the identical electromagnetic wave of two beam frequencies；

The two-beam different to frequency same phase, which is clapped, carries out electromagnetic wave separation；

The photo-beat signal that separation obtains inputs oscillograph respectively, and the phase of far and near journey photo-beat is judged using Lissajou's figure Difference.

In the existing light velocity measurement equipment imparted knowledge to students and used, long-range light is needed by two total reflective mirrors, three prisms, one A semi-reflective mirror fine-tunes, and light beam gets to the photosurface of photelectric receiver, and it is larger to adjust difficulty.Therefore, will lead to makes User makes to show on oscillograph by debugging thinks that light velocity measurement test succeeds when signal waveform, but two-beam claps institute The registration of corresponding sine wave can have error when judging, i.e., be easy to appear mistake when observation sine wave wave crest and trough are aligned every time Difference, such as the waveform of long-range light is calculated the light velocity under this condition and two beam wave wave crests are complete relative to 1 millimeter of the waveform offset of short range light The light velocity is calculated in the case where full alignment, as a result the light velocity calculates error 0.1% when two sine waves are perfectly aligned, and two beam waves The light velocity calculates error and reaches 1.2% when at a distance of 1 millimeter, and therefore, the present invention passes through the two-beam different to frequency same phase and claps Electromagnetic wave separation, and will separation obtain two-beam clap signal input oscillograph respectively, utilize the Lisa of positive negative slope straight line If the appearance of figure is in the same direction and reversed come the phase for judging two-beam bat signal, so that it is determined that the wavelength of photo-beat signal.The present invention Determine phase difference and the optical path difference of distance Cheng Guang to which the precision of measurement can be improved to measure the light velocity using Lissajou's figure.

Optionally, dual trace oscilloscope longitudinal direction is inputted respectively after the electromagnetic wave separation that the different two-beam of frequency same phase is clapped The first passage and second channel of input terminal select oscillograph X-Y mode.

Optionally, the phase difference process of far and near journey photo-beat is judged using Lissajou's figure are as follows:

When Lissajou's figure is a three quadrant straight line, straight slope is positive, and far and near light path is in the same direction at this time, and phase difference is 2 When Lissajou's figure is two four-quadrant straight line, straight slope is negative π, and far and near light path is reversed at this time, and phase difference is π, by changing Become long-range light light path to change the phase difference of distance-light.

Optionally, it is separated using electromagnetic wave of the photo-beat processor to frequency same phase difference photo-beat, photo-beat processor benefit It is realized with superposition principle of wave and separates the different electromagnetic wave of frequency same phase, specifically: it is each in the overlapping region of wave The physical quantity of the vibration of point is equal to the vector sum of each train wave physical quantity caused by the point.In the region of two train waves overlapping, appoint What particle simultaneously participates in two vibrations, the vector sum that vibration displacement is displaced caused by being equal to this two train wave respectively, when two Train wave direction of vibration on the same line when, vector sums of the two displacements can be reduced to algebraical sum after selected positive direction.

A kind of light velocity measurement device based on Lissajou's figure, including, the transmitting module on cabinet is set and receives mould Block, transmitting module include:

He-Ne laser, the He-Ne laser direction of the launch is corresponding to be equipped with acousto-optic frequency shifters, the corresponding installation of acousto-optic frequency shifters Light bar,

Total reflection mirror, installation corresponding with light bar are totally reflected correspondence on mirror light path and are equipped with for being divided into remotely to light The half-reflecting mirror I and chopper of light and short range light, half-reflecting mirror I and chopper correspondence are equipped with half-reflecting mirror II and total reflection mirror II is used to reflect short range light and long-range light,

Wherein, short range light is passed through respectively by installation opto-electronic receiver box corresponding on half-reflecting mirror II reflection path, long-range light Opto-electronic receiver box is injected by half-reflecting mirror II after first reflection microscope group, the second reflection microscope group, third reflection microscope group reflection,

Wherein, the second reflection microscope group, third reflecting mirror group is separately mounted on sliding block, is equipped with and is used for and sliding block on cabinet The guide rail of cooperation, the first reflection microscope group is fixed setting.The present invention is solved by combination setting of the above-mentioned component on cabinet False phase shift is led to the problem of, and specifically makes the long-range light of far and near Cheng Guangzhong can be by second in conjunction with setting by above-mentioned component The relative positional relationship adjustment of reflection microscope group, third reflection microscope group and remaining part is mapped to far and near Cheng Guang along L optical axis On photosurface, keep the electron transit time of each point on photoelectric tube photosurface consistent, false phase shift is avoided to generate, obtains quickly and precisely The optical path difference of far and near Cheng Guang is taken, reduces in light velocity measurement experimentation and adjusts the difficulty that long-range light is incident on photosurface, avoid reality It tests failure or light velocity measurement value is not accurate.

Optionally, receiving module includes:

Opto-electronic receiver box, opto-electronic receiver box are equipped with the frequency divider of installation corresponding with half-reflecting mirror II, and also set inside it There is filter amplification circuit, frequency divider is equipped with photoelectric diode, and photo-diode pipe surface sets photosurface,

Photo-beat processor is connect with the filter amplification circuit in opto-electronic receiver box, and photo-beat processor is also carried out with oscillograph Connection.Far and near Cheng Guang is converted to according to the photodiode in opto-electronic receiver box the high frequency electrical signal of photo-beat frequency, signal is put It is input in frequency divider box after big.Make same frequency by photo-beat processor but the different long-range photo-beat of phase and short range photo-beat carry out Separation, is respectively connected to the first passage and second channel of oscillograph longitudinal direction input terminal.Simultaneously, high-frequency ultrasonic signal source it is another Road signal is also input in frequency divider box, by the outer triggering signal source after frequency-selecting and amplification as oscillograph.In addition, photo-beat is believed Number frequency be twice of incident ultrasound wave frequency rate, ultrasonic wave sinusoidal signal, which is linked on frequency meter, can measure photo-beat signal Frequency.

Photo-beat processor is separated the different electromagnetic wave of frequency same phase using superposition principle of wave realization, specifically Are as follows: the physical quantity of the vibration of each point is equal to the vector sum of each train wave physical quantity caused by the point in the overlapping region of wave.In In the region of two train waves overlapping, any one particle simultaneously participates in two vibrations, and vibration displacement is equal to this two train wave and draws respectively The vector sum of the displacement risen, when two train wave direction of vibration on the same line when, vector sums of the two displacements are in selected pros It can be reduced to algebraical sum backward.

Optionally, the first reflection microscope group, the second reflection microscope group, third reflection microscope group are by the first reflecting mirror and connection plate body Composition, the first reflecting mirror are set to connection plate body both ends and constitute isosceles trapezoid shape, the first reflecting mirror difference at connection plate body both ends For receiving long-range light and projecting long-range light.Microscope group, the second reflection microscope group, third reflection microscope group is reflected by first to be designed to by the The mode of one reflecting mirror and connection plate body composition expands light path of the long-range light between connection the first reflecting mirror of plate body both ends in this way, Increase the optical path difference of long-range light and short range light with this, it is further multiple first reflecting mirrors can also to be arranged on connection plate body certainly Expand the range of long-range light, the increase for connecting the light path between the first reflecting mirror of plate body both ends can shorten the second reflection microscope group, the Three reflection microscope groups are realized along the coasting distance of sliding block and shorten the second reflection microscope group, the adjustment of third reflection microscope group in the X-axis direction Distance, so as to effectively reduce the overall dimensions and weight of light velocity measurement device, and the diminution of the adjustment distance of X-direction, Be conducive to the raising of Adjustment precision and the shortening of adjustment time.

Optionally, connecting plate body length is greater than two first reflecting mirrors under 45 ° of angles and one end connection status two first Optical path length is reflected between reflecting mirror.The light path for expanding long-range light between connection the first reflecting mirror of plate body both ends is realized, with this Increase the optical path difference of long-range light and short range light.

Optionally, total reflection mirror I, total reflection mirror II, total reflection mirror III, half-reflecting mirror I, be equipped on half-reflecting mirror II Level.It keeps each reflecting mirror to be in horizontality, so that photo-beat be allow to transmit all along horizontal direction, improves the light velocity Measure accuracy

Optionally, body side is equipped with operation button, and opto-electronic receiver box is equipped with knob I, knob II, window.Pass through tune Section knob I and knob II can realize that far and near Cheng Guang reaches the same space position of photosurface, avoid generating false phase shift.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that the present invention by to frequency same phase it is different two The electromagnetic wave of beam photo-beat separates, and the electromagnetic wave that separation obtains is inputted oscillograph respectively, uses Lisa using phase-comparison method As the appearance of the positive and negative straight line of slope in figure judges that the phase of two-beam bat signal is in the same direction and reversed.The present invention uses Lisa As figure determines phase difference and the optical path difference of distance Cheng Guang to which the precision of measurement can be improved to measure the light velocity.

Detailed description of the invention

In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.

Fig. 1 is two beam sine wave states in the same direction described in background technique there are the signals of deviation for waveform in oscillograph Figure；

Fig. 2 is two beam sine wave reverse states described in background technique there are the signals of deviation for waveform in oscillograph Figure；

Fig. 3 is the light velocity measurement method flow schematic diagram of the invention based on Lissajou's figure；

Fig. 4 is variation diagram of the Lissajou's figure with phase difference；

Fig. 5 is the light velocity measurement schematic device of the invention based on Lissajou's figure；

Fig. 6 is that short range light, long-range light will generate false phase shift and cause the schematic diagram of error；

Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the first reflection microscope group, the second reflection microscope group, third reflection microscope group；

Fig. 8 is the top view of the first reflection microscope group, the second reflection microscope group, third reflection microscope group；

Fig. 9 is the index path of the light velocity measurement device based on Lissajou's figure；

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the light velocity measurement device based on Lissajou's figure；

Figure 11 is index path of the embodiment 3 using another light velocity measurement device based on Lissajou's figure；

Figure 12 is schematic diagram of the embodiment 3 using another light velocity measurement device based on Lissajou's figure；

Figure 13 is the structure vertical view of another first reflection microscope group, the second reflection microscope group, third reflection microscope group in embodiment 3 Figure.

Description of symbols: 1 He-Ne laser；2 acousto-optic frequency shifters；3 operation buttons；4 light bars；5 total reflection mirror I, 6 are all-trans Penetrate mirror II, 7 total reflection mirror III；8 half-reflecting mirror I, 9 half-reflecting mirror II；10 first reflection microscope groups；11 second reflection microscope groups, 12 the Three reflection microscope groups；13 choppers；14,15 guide rail；16 cabinets；17 opto-electronic receiver boxes；18 frequency dividers；19 windows；20 knob I；21 Knob II；22 photodiodes；23 photosurfaces；24 cabinets；25 levels；50 first reflector bodies；60 connection plate bodys.

Specific embodiment

Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.