阅读说明：本技术 一种土壤液化灾害的模拟演示装置 (A kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster ) 是由 付海清 于 2019-09-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种土壤液化灾害的模拟演示装置,包括箱体,其内部盛装有易于液化的土层；坍塌模拟气囊,其设置在所述土层内,通过所述坍塌模拟气囊的收缩辅助模拟土壤液化时土层的沉降现象；冒水模拟喷嘴,其设置在所述土层内部,通过所述冒水模拟喷嘴在所述土层内喷水模拟土壤液化时土层的喷砂冒水现象；振动模拟装置,其固定设置在所述箱体的底部,通过所述振动模拟装置的水平晃动模拟地震时土壤液化时的震动。本发明设计合理,可以从宏观上直观的演示土壤液化的宏观现象和主要灾害特征,易于理解,可操作性强,演示成本低,展示效果好,并且可以多次重复循环使用,可重复性强。(The invention discloses a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster, including cabinet, inside be loaded with and be easy to liquefied soil layer；Collapse simulation air bag, is arranged in the soil layer, the sedimentation phenomenon of soil layer when simulating the contraction computer aided simulation soil liquefaction of air bag by the collapsing；Emit Fluid Dynamics nozzle, be arranged inside the soil layer, by it is described emit Fluid Dynamics nozzle spray water in the soil layer simulate soil liquefaction when soil layer sandblasting preventing water phenomenon；Vibration simulator is fixed at the bottom of the cabinet, vibration when simulating earthquake by the horizontal jitter of the vibration simulator when soil liquefaction.The present invention has rational design, can be from the macroscopic appearance and major casualty feature for macroscopically intuitively demonstrating soil liquefaction, it can be readily appreciated that strong operability, demonstration is at low cost, and bandwagon effect is good, and recycling can be repeated several times, and repeatability is strong.)

1. a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster, which is characterized in that including

Cabinet, inside be loaded with and be easy to liquefied soil layer；

Collapse simulation air bag, is arranged in the soil layer, passes through the contraction computer aided simulation liquid soil of the simulation air bag that collapses The sedimentation phenomenon of soil layer when change；

Emit Fluid Dynamics nozzle, be arranged inside the soil layer, by it is described emit Fluid Dynamics nozzle spray water in the soil layer it is auxiliary The sandblasting preventing water phenomenon of soil layer when helping simulation soil liquefaction；

Vibration simulator is fixed at the bottom of the cabinet, passes through the horizontal jitter mould of the vibration simulator Vibration when quasi- earthquake when soil liquefaction.

2. a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the collapsing mould Quasi- air bag includes the one or more center sleeves being arranged in inside the soil layer, and/or is arranged in the one of the soil layer bottom A or multiple bottoms air bag.

3. a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the collapsing mould Quasi- air bag is connected with loading line and blowdown piping, and the loading line is connect with air charging system, installs on the loading line There is charge valve, vent valve is installed on the blowdown piping.

4. a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the Mao Shuimo Quasi- nozzle includes the one or more nozzles being embedded in the soil layer, and the nozzle is separately positioned on the upper of the center sleeve Side.

5. a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the nozzle with Water supply pipe connection, is equipped with water supply valve between the nozzle and the water supply pipe.

6. a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cabinet A through-hole is offered on side wall, the loading line, blowdown piping and the water supply pipe pass through the through-hole across institute Cabinet is stated, is sealed between the through-hole and the cabinet by rubber pad or marine glue.

7. a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cabinet bottom Portion has the gradient, is equipped with drainage hole in the lower side of the bottom of box, drain valve is equipped on the drainage hole, by described Water discharge of the drain valve to store the memory box.

8. a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the vibration mould Quasi- device is arranged in the lower section of the cabinet and is fixedly connected with the bottom side of the cabinet, and the vibration simulator is horizontal direction Electromagnetic vibration generator system.

9. a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cabinet One side is transparent side wall, and the transparent side wall of cabinet is equipped with the grid lines for marking the soil layer position.

10. a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soil layer Top be provided with multiple simple building buildings models, the simple building buildings model is placed on the upper surface of the soil layer.

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of teaching instruments, specially a kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster.

Background technique

Soil liquefaction is a term in earthquake engineering and soil dynamics, is referred under the action of dynamic loading, is solid originally The soil of state becomes liquid, even sticky liquid.Soil liquefaction occurs mainly in the nothings such as saturation, loose sand, silt In cohesive soil.Usually in the case where external force is shaken repeatedly (such as earthquake), loose soil skeleton is destroyed, and hole subtracts between soil particle It is small, it can not be discharged in the pore water short time, excess pore water pressure is caused to increase, lead to the effective stress decline of soil, and then soil Body shearing strength sharp fall, will generate soil liquefaction.

Soil liquefaction is the Typical Seismic Damage phenomenon being of universal significance in the world, has significant destroy to all kinds of engineering structures Effect.In addition to earthquake load, under mechanical, wave load, the soil body can also liquefy.China is that global continent earthquake is the most living One of the country that jump, earthquake disaster take place frequently.The soil liquefaction of large area occurred for the multiple earthquake that China occurs since the establishment of the nation Phenomenon, and cause serious economic asset loss.

In actual place, the liquefying soils such as sand, silt of saturation can produce under conditions of certain dynamic loading Raw higher excess pore water pressure, liquefies, while also can often generate sandblasting and emit the liquefaction of the macroscopic view such as water, ground settlement now As, or even cause the breakoff phenomenons such as the inclination of surface structures, differential settlement, with excess pore water pressure gradually dissipation and Draining, the liquefaction earths such as sand occur consolidation and tend to be closely knit.

For lacking the people of professional knowledge background, it tends to be difficult to generate the understanding of intuitive image to soil liquefaction.So Understand and learn this disaster of soil liquefaction, has a very important significance.Soil liquefaction analog demenstration dress in the prior art It is as follows to set structure:

Using special shake table, cabinet is arranged in side on a vibration table, holds liquescent saturated sand in cabinet, passes through vibration Earthquake is simulated in the vibration of platform, so that the intracorporal sand of case is liquefied, the soil liquefaction disaster in earthquake is simulated with this.It is practical In, the liquefaction phenomenon that this mode generates often does not protrude, and the people for not having professional knowledge background is difficult intuitively to experience this The characteristics of disaster.

This liquefaction apparatus for demonstrating simulates soil liquefaction, and not only demonstrating effect is not visual in image enough, and is primarily present It can not carry out the defect of convenience, efficient repeatability demonstration.Because sand is gradually after demonstration once or several times Tend to be closely knit, will be unable to liquefy, it is necessary to prepare liquable soil model again.And the preparation of this model, not only take When it is laborious, and the professional of operator also there are certain requirements, otherwise easily lead to model preparation failure (i.e. can not or Person is difficult to happen liquefaction).In demonstration, (need densely to demonstrate repeatedly) especially in the Popular Science Education of protection against and mitigation of earthquake disasters, it is clear that The operability of this device is not strong, it is difficult to complete repeatedly intensive displaying within a certain period of time, result in existing liquid soil Changing apparatus for demonstrating becomes " ornaments ", it is difficult to reach the original intention purpose of seismic popular science education.

Summary of the invention

To overcome above-mentioned technical problem, faster, liquefaction disaster and phenomenon are preferably shown, the purpose of the present invention is to provide A kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster, the spy that there is strong operability, demonstrate at low cost, efficient and repeatable demonstration Point can be convenient the simple macroscopic appearance and major casualty feature for demonstrating soil liquefaction repeatedly.

To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

A kind of simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster, including

Cabinet, inside be loaded with and be easy to liquefied soil layer；

Collapse simulation air bag, is arranged in the soil layer, passes through the contraction computer aided simulation liquid soil of the simulation air bag that collapses The sedimentation phenomenon of soil layer when change；

Emit Fluid Dynamics nozzle, be arranged inside the soil layer, by it is described emit Fluid Dynamics nozzle spray water in the soil layer it is auxiliary The sandblasting preventing water phenomenon of soil layer when helping simulation soil liquefaction；

Vibration simulator is fixed at the bottom of the cabinet, passes through the horizontal jitter mould of the vibration simulator Vibration when quasi- earthquake when soil liquefaction.

Further, the collapsing simulation air bag includes the one or more center sleeves being arranged in inside the soil layer, And/or one or more bottom air bags of the soil layer bottom are set.By bottom air bag in bottom of box deflation, make Soil layer is obtained to sink therewith come the bulk settling phenomenon of soil layer when simulating soil liquefaction；It is deflated inside soil layer by center sleeve receipts Contracting settles partial collapse inside soil layer to simulate the partial collapse sedimentation phenomenon of soil liquefaction.

Further, the collapsing simulation air bag is connected with loading line and blowdown piping, the loading line and inflation Device connects, and is equipped with charge valve on the loading line, is equipped with vent valve on the blowdown piping.Pass through the gas tube Road or blowdown piping realize the inflated for deflated of the center sleeve or the bottom air bag.

Further, the Fluid Dynamics nozzle that emits includes the one or more nozzles being embedded in the soil layer, the spray Mouth is separately positioned on the top of the center sleeve.It is sprayed water in soil layer by nozzle to simulate sandblasting preventing water phenomenon.

Further, the nozzle is connect with water supply pipe, and water supply is equipped between the nozzle and the water supply pipe Valve.Control whether nozzle sprays water by water supply valve.

Further, a through-hole, the loading line, blowdown piping and the confession are offered on the side wall of the cabinet Water lines pass through the through-hole across the cabinet, pass through rubber pad between the through-hole and the cabinet or marine glue is close Envelope, prevents cabinet leak.

Further, the bottom of box has the gradient, is equipped with drainage hole, the row in the lower side of the bottom of box Drain valve is installed, the water discharge for the memory box being stored by the drain valve on water hole.

Further, the vibration simulator is arranged in the lower section of the cabinet and fixes with the bottom side of the cabinet and connects It connects, the vibration simulator is horizontally electromagnetic vibration generator system.The horizontal of cabinet can be thus achieved by electromagnetic vibration generator system to shake It is dynamic.

Further, a side of the cabinet is transparent side wall, and is equipped on the transparent side wall to block The opaque body of the simulation air bag that collapses, the transparent side wall of cabinet are equipped with the grid for marking the soil layer position Line.The variation of soil layer position can be clearly checked in entire presentation process by grid lines.

Further, multiple simple building buildings models are provided with above the soil layer, the simple building builds mould Type is placed on the upper surface of the soil layer.During simulating soil liquefaction, with the variation of soil layer, there is inclined building, sinks Phenomenon drops.

The simulation demonstrating apparatus of soil liquefaction disaster provided by the embodiments of the present application, design rationally, can be from macroscopically straight The macroscopic appearance and major casualty feature of the demonstration of sight and prominent soil liquefaction, it can be readily appreciated that strong operability, demonstrates cost Low, bandwagon effect is good, and recycling can be repeated several times, and repeatability is strong.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1；

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of cabinet in the embodiment of the present invention 1；

1 loading line of Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention and blowdown piping connection schematic diagram；

1 water supply pipe connection schematic diagram of Fig. 4 embodiment of the present invention；

The control principle structural schematic diagram of 1 operation panel of Fig. 5 embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 6 is structural schematic diagram of 1 cabinet of the embodiment of the present invention in presentation process.

In figure, 1- cabinet, 2- soil layer, 3- simple building buildings model, 4- vibration simulator, the bottom 5- air bag, in 6- Between air bag, 7- blowdown piping, 8- loading line, 9- air charging system, 10- grid lines, 11- vent valve, 12- charge valve, 13- operation Panel, 14- demonstration start key, and 15- restores key, 16- nozzle, 17- water supply pipe, 18- water supply valve, 20- drain valve.

Specific embodiment

Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all other Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.