阅读说明：本技术 一种波束赋形天线结构及设计方法 (A kind of beam-shaped antenna structure and design method ) 是由 洪伟 余英瑞 张慧 蒋之浩 于 2019-09-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种新型波束赋形天线结构及其设计方法,其中天线结构包括线阵辐射单元与馈电网络。所述馈电网络由若干种结构对称的基片集成波导功率分配器以及基片集成波导延迟线组成,所述线阵辐射单元与所述基片集成波导馈电网络的末端相连。本发明天线实现了一种适用于毫米波合成孔径雷达的新型余割四次方天线阵列。在相同雷达散射截面情况下,该天线能够实现对于目标视场内不同距离的目标接收回波功率相等,从而提升了能量的利用效率。同时,馈电网络由对称的等功率分配器组成,具有设计简单,可靠性高,对加工误差容忍性高等优势。(The invention discloses a kind of novel beam-shaped antenna structure and its design methods, and wherein antenna structure includes linear array radiating element and feeding network.The feeding network is by the chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor and substrate integration wave-guide delay line group of several symmetrical configuration at the linear array radiating element is connected with the end of the feeding substrate integrated waveguide network.Inventive antenna realizes a kind of novel cosecant biquadratic aerial array suitable for millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar.In identical radar cross section, the antenna can be realized it is equal for the intended recipient echo power of different distance in field of regard, to improve the utilization efficiency of energy.Meanwhile feeding network is made of symmetrical constant power distributor, has design simply, high reliablity, to advantages such as mismachining tolerance tolerance height.)

1. a kind of beam-shaped antenna structure, it is characterised in that: the horizontal radiation pattern of antenna array is in radar target field of view angle Inside meet cosecant biquadratic formula requirement, it may be assumed thatWherein θ₀It is covered for cosecant Cover area start angle, θ₁The angular range covered, θ are needed for radar₂It is overlay area center line and horizontal direction into folder Angle.

2. beam-shaped antenna structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: including linear array radiating element and base Piece integrated waveguide feed network, the feeding substrate integrated waveguide network include that multichannel chip integrated wave guide power rate is divided to distribute all the way Device and substrate integration wave-guide delay line, each output end of feeding network are connected with the input terminal of linear array radiating element；Pass through The amplitude and phase of each port feed of linear adjustment array radiation unit, so that the horizontal radiation pattern of antenna array is in radar mesh Meet cosecant biquadratic formula requirement in mark field of view angle.

3. beam-shaped antenna structure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the chip integrated wave guide power rate distribution Device is the structure for dividing 12 tunnels all the way, and the input of a substrate integration wave-guide delay line is connected on per output end all the way End.

4. beam-shaped antenna structure according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the power for dividing 12 tunnels all the way point Distribution structure is made of the one-to-two constant power chip integrated waveguide power distributor of Pyatyi symmetrical configuration；Divide the power splitter on 12 tunnels all the way Delivery outlet power-division ratios be 1:1:1:1:2:2:8:8:2:2:2:2.

5. according to any beam-shaped antenna structure of claim 2-4, it is characterised in that: the beam-shaped antenna battle array Structure be respectively as follows: from top to bottom top layer metallic layer, top layer dielectric substrate, the first intermediate metal layer, paste medium layer, among second Metal layer, underlying dielectric substrate and bottom metal layer；The top layer metallic layer and the first intermediate metal layer are located at the top layer Dielectric substrate upper and lower surface, second intermediate metal layer and bottom metal layer are located at the underlying dielectric substrate upper and lower surface；

The linear array radiating element, feeding network output end and substrate integration wave-guide are set on the top layer metallic layer The half of delay-line structure；The substrate integration wave-guide delay-line structure the other half on underlying dielectric substrate；Two halves substrate collection It is connected in centre by the slot-coupled structure between a different layers at waveguide delay line；

The chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor is set on second intermediate metal layer.

6. beam-shaped antenna structure according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: each end of substrate integration wave-guide delay line Output port position flush with each other of the mouth on top layer dielectric substrate.

7. beam-shaped antenna structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the linear array radiating element is using series feed Micro-strip paster antenna form, two-by-two using equidistant arrangement between linear array.

8. a kind of design method of the beam-shaped antenna structure as described in claim 1 to 7 is any, it is characterised in that: adjust every The amplitude and phase of a linear array port feed, so that the horizontal radiation pattern of antenna array is full in radar target field of view angle Sufficient cosecant biquadratic formula requirement, it may be assumed thatWherein θ₀For the cosecant area of coverage Domain start angle, θ₁The angular range covered, θ are needed for radar₂For overlay area center line and horizontal direction angle.

9. design method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:

Step 1: linear array radiative unit structure is determined by vertical beamwidth actually required, is wanted according to reflection coefficient performance Seek the dependency structure parameter for adjusting series feed micro-strip linear array radiating element；

Step 2: requirement according to cosecant biquadratic antenna target direction figure to antenna gain and to horizontal plane investigative range It is required that determining the linear array radiating element number of horizontal direction arrangement；

Step 3: according to preset cosecant biquadratic antenna target direction figure, determine the distance between linear array two-by-two and Amplitude, the phase of each linear array port excitation；

Step 4: it is according to the distance between difference radiating element designed in step 3, the feed amplitude on every road and reflection Number requires, the feeding substrate integrated waveguide network of design integration；

Step 5: the phase of each port output of feeding network in the phase demand and step 4 needed according to each port calculates Per the phase for needing extra delay all the way；The substrate integration wave-guide delay line of design different length is wanted to meet the phase of each port It asks；The aperture-coupled structure between different layers is designed simultaneously to be used to connect the delay line between different medium layer；

Step 6: by the series feed micro-strip linear array radiating element of step 1 design, the substrate integration wave-guide antenna feed of step 4 design The substrate integration wave-guide delay line group that electric network, step 5 design is combined together, and forms complete aerial array.

Technical field

The present invention relates to the fields such as electronics, microwave radio, radar more particularly to a kind of structures of novel beam-shaped antenna And design method.

Background technique

With the continuous development of science and technology, millimeter-wave technology due to it is small with size, with the good characteristics such as roomy by Each scientific research institution concern both at home and abroad.Millimeter wave antenna battle array as millimetre-wave radar, communication system critical component to whole system Chain index performance have very important influence.

Such a application scenarios often occur in the communications field: transmitting terminal, which perches, to be needed to cover obliquely centainly Reception user in angular regions.Bigger equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) is needed due to detecting farther target, simply It is unrealistic that ground increases transmission power, therefore detection range is remoter, and required antenna array gain is higher.In order to promote the benefit of energy With efficiency, forefathers carry out figuration for wave beam.So that aerial array is for lower apart from close local gain, apart from remote place Gain is higher.Ground different location receiving end is allowed to receive identical energy in this way.Since this is a kind of one-way communication, connect Receive square being inversely proportional for power and distance.Therefore, designed antenna is known as cosecant-squared antenna.

Existing cosecant-squared antenna scheme generally has following several: 1) use lens/reflective array structure, using lens/ The phase shift effect of different units realizes corresponding phase shift above reflective array, to realize cosecant directional diagram；2) pass through design complexity Feeding network is fed to realize cosecant square antenna pattern to planar antenna array difference linear array.

Summary of the invention

The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: proposing that a kind of wave beam forming concept can satisfy for synthetic aperture thunder Up to the cosecant figuration requirement of application.In identical radar cross section, can be realized for different distance in field of regard Intended recipient echo power it is roughly equal, to effectively improve the utilization efficiency of emitted energy

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:

A kind of beam-shaped antenna structure, it is characterised in that: the horizontal radiation pattern of antenna array is in radar target field angle Meet cosecant biquadratic formula requirement in degree, it may be assumed thatWherein θ₀It is remaining Cut overlay area start angle, θ₁The angular range covered, θ are needed for radar₂For overlay area center line and horizontal direction institute at Angle.

A kind of beam-shaped antenna array structure, including linear array radiating element and feeding substrate integrated waveguide network, it is described Feeding substrate integrated waveguide network includes that multichannel chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor and substrate integration wave-guide is divided to postpone all the way Line, each output end of feeding network are connected with the input terminal of linear array radiating element.

The chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor is the structure for dividing 12 tunnels all the way, connects one on per output end all the way The input terminal of a substrate integration wave-guide delay line.

The structure for dividing 12 tunnels all the way by five kinds of symmetrical configurations substrate integration wave-guide constant power distributor mutually group It closes.

The Distributed Power Architecture for dividing 12 tunnels all the way is distributed by the substrate integration wave-guide constant power of Pyatyi symmetrical configuration Device composition.Different output port passes through different constant power distributor series, to realize different power-division ratios.12 tunnels The last holding position of the output port in substrate integration wave-guide channel is concordant.

The beam-shaped antenna battle array uses multilayer board technique, is respectively as follows: top layer metallic layer, top from top to bottom Layer dielectric substrate, the first intermediate metal layer, paste medium layer, the second intermediate metal layer, underlying dielectric substrate, bottom metal layer.

The substrate integration wave-guide delay-line structure half is on underlying dielectric substrate and the other half is in top layer dielectric substrate On, centre is connected by the slot-coupled structure between a different layers.It is pushing up each port of substrate integration wave-guide delay line Output port position flush with each other on layer dielectric substrate.

The linear array radiating element uses series feed micro-strip paster antenna form, two-by-two using equidistant arrangement between linear array.

A kind of antenna structure design method with cosecant biquadratic antenna pattern, specifically includes the following steps:

Step 1: linear array radiative unit structure is determined by vertical beamwidth actually required, according to reflection coefficient It can require the dependency structure parameter of the series feed micro-strip linear array radiating element of adjustment；

Step 2: requirement according to cosecant biquadratic antenna target direction figure to antenna gain and model is detected to horizontal plane The requirement enclosed determines the linear array radiating element number of horizontal direction arrangement；

Step 3: according to preset cosecant biquadratic antenna target direction figure, the distance between linear array two-by-two is determined And amplitude, the phase of each linear array port excitation；So that the horizontal radiation pattern of antenna array is full in radar target field of view angle Sufficient cosecant biquadratic formula requirement, it may be assumed thatWherein θ₀For cosecant covering Region start angle, θ₁The angular range covered, θ are needed for radar₂For overlay area center line and horizontal direction angle.

Step 4: according to the distance between difference radiating element designed in step 3, the feed amplitude design on every road Integrated feeding substrate integrated waveguide network, and meet the requirement of reflection coefficient；

Step 5: the phase of each port output of feeding network in the phase demand and step 4 needed according to each port, It calculates per the phase for needing extra delay all the way.The substrate integration wave-guide delay line of different length is designed to meet the phase of each port Position requires.The aperture-coupled structure between different layers is designed simultaneously to be used to connect the delay line between different medium layer.Base Piece integrated waveguide delay line half on underlying dielectric substrate and the other half on top layer dielectric substrate, centre pass through a difference Slot-coupled structure between layer is connected.Output end of each port of substrate integration wave-guide delay line on top layer dielectric substrate Mouth position flush with each other.

Step 6: by the series feed micro-strip linear array radiating element of step 1 design, the substrate integration wave-guide day of step 4 design The substrate integration wave-guide delay line group that line feeding network, step 5 design is combined together, and forms complete aerial array.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1, the antenna structure that the present invention provides can support the cosecant figuration demand of millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar.Identical In the case of target radar scattering cross-section, which can be realized time that Difference angles target in visual field returns Wave power is equal.

2, the power-division ratios of the delivery outlet for dividing 12 road power splitters all the way of feeding network part of the present invention be two it is whole Number power distribution is 1:1:1:1:2:2:8:8:2:2:2:2, and such power-division ratios just can be 1:1 by power-division ratios 5 grades of constant power symmetrical structures constitute so that design it is easier, meanwhile, the presence of this symmetrical structure, so that identical Mismachining tolerance under, influence suffered by symmetrical structure be less than unsymmetric structure, so higher for mismachining tolerance tolerance.

3, feeding network needs to occupy certain chip area first, and occupies one layer of medium.The present invention is by transmission network Most of structure of network, that is, chip integrated wave guide power energy distributor is placed on the metal layer of underlying dielectric, makes substrate integration wave-guide The radiating element portion of function distribution device and antenna is located on different media, avoids and antenna part split-phase conflict.Due to day For the radiating element and chip integrated wave guide power energy distributor of line not in the same dielectric layer, the two can occupy same space, because This can save total chip area, so that aerial array is more compact.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is that the present invention relates to the multilayer circuit structure level schematic diagrames of aerial array；

Fig. 2 is that the present invention relates to the top-level metallic schematic diagram of a layer structure of aerial array；

Fig. 3 is that the present invention relates to the first intermetallic metal schematic diagram of a layer structure of aerial array；

Fig. 4 is that the present invention relates to the second intermetallic metal schematic diagram of a layer structure of aerial array；

Fig. 5 is that the present invention relates to the underlying metal schematic diagram of a layer structure of aerial array；

Fig. 6 is that the present invention relates to the emulation and test result of aerial array reflection coefficient performance；

Fig. 7 is that the present invention relates to aerial array horizontal radiation pattern (face H) emulation and test results；

Fig. 8 is that elevation radiation patytern (the inclination face E) emulation and test result are tilted the present invention relates to aerial array；

Fig. 9 is that the present invention relates to the emulation of antenna array gain and test results；

Figure 10 is that the present invention relates to the application scenarios schematic diagrams of aerial array.

Specific embodiment

It is described in further detail to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing:

It include top layer metallic layer 1 as shown in Figure 1, antenna array structure of the present invention contains four layers of circuit altogether, first Intermediate metal layer 2, the second intermediate metal layer 3 and bottom metal layer 4.There is two layers of dielectric substrate (5 He of top layer dielectric layer in terms of medium Underlying dielectric layer 7 and adhered layer 6.Wherein, metal layer, dielectric substrate, adhered layer are indicated with grey, white, shade respectively.No Signal between same layer is coupled by bore 8 between layers.

Fig. 2 illustrates the structure of the top layer metallic layer 1 of inventive antenna, mainly includes series feed micro-strip linear array radiating element 9, 12 output port 12-23 of substrate integration wave-guide delay line 10 (10 be delay line in the part of top layer) and feeding network (feeding network by divide all the way 12 road chip integrated wave guide power rate distributors and substrate integration wave-guide delay line group at).Feed The each delivery outlet of network is connected to a series feed micro-strip linear array radiating element.The aerial array shares 12 lines along the direction+x Battle array radiating element, constitutes whole aerial array together.All circular holes indicate plated-through hole in figure.Linear array radiating element 9 is adopted With series feed micro-strip form.Phase required for 12 output port 12-23 of feeding network is 35.8 degree respectively, 123.5 degree, 191.6 degree, 256.8 degree, 0 degree, 114.7 degree, 133 degree, 200.9 degree, 275.1 degree, 319.1 degree, 14.4 degree, 115.6 degree.

Fig. 3 is that the present invention relates to the structures of the first intermediate metal layer 2 of aerial array, it can be seen that in order to by each roadbed Piece integrated waveguide delay line is coupled to top layer dielectric layer 5 from underlying dielectric layer 7, there is a coupling in first intermediate metal layer 2 Gap 24 and the perceptual metal throuth hole 11 for being used as impedance matching.In order to meet the phase of the quadruplicate each linear array port of cosecant It is required that needing to adjust the design length of each road substrate integration wave-guide delay line.There is delay line on top layer medium, underlying dielectric Structure, each layer of medium correspond to two-tier circuit.So there is one section of substrate integration wave-guide delay-line structure on four layers of metal layer.Figure 4 are the present invention relates to the structures of the second intermediate metal layer 3 of aerial array, it can be seen that this layer is mainly beam-shaped antenna Core -- chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor.Chip integrated wave guide power rate distributor be divide 12 line structures all the way, and It is made of the one-to-two constant power chip integrated waveguide power distributor 25-29 of five kinds of symmetrical configurations.Since input port, pass through first An one-to-two constant power chip integrated waveguide power distributor 25 is crossed, first order output end passes through one-to-two constant power substrate collection respectively At waveguide power divider 26 and 27.Signal is every to pass through level-one constant power distributor, and signal power becomes original half.Therefore one It can be seen that power-division ratios are 1:1:1:1:2:2:8:8:2:2:2:2 on the delivery outlet 30-41 of 12 road power splitters of road point.It should Divide 12 road chip integrated wave guide power rate dispensing arrangements all to be designed by symmetrical one-to-two power splitter all the way to complete, compared to non- Symmetrical structure, Distributed Power Architecture design proposed by the present invention are more simple and very high for mismachining tolerance tolerance.Meanwhile Also there is the substrate integration wave-guide delay line 42 of one section of corresponding length on the second intermediate metal layer 3.It is to be appreciated that in order to guarantee to present 12 horizontal positions output port 12-23 of electric network are concordant, length of each road substrate integration wave-guide delay line in bottom 42 and the length 10 of top layer should be equal.

Fig. 5 is the structure of the bottom metal layer 4 of inventive antenna array, in order to coincide with Standard Test Interface, this In devise substrate integration wave-guide to co-planar waveguide exchanging structure 31, in substrate integration wave-guide input terminal using gradual transition Substrate integrated wave guide structure transition is coplanar waveguide ground to facilitate subsequent dependence test by mode.

Linear array radiating element uses series feed micro-strip paster antenna form, two-by-two using equidistant arrangement, spacing between linear array For 6.8mm.

A kind of antenna structure design method with cosecant biquadratic antenna pattern, specifically includes the following steps:

Step 1: linear array radiative unit structure is determined by vertical beamwidth actually required, uses Unit six here Series feed micro-strip linear array, meet 15 degree of vertical direction half-power beam width of requirement.Pass through business full-wave simulation software adjustment Relevant parameter is to meet reflection coefficient and antenna radiation pattern performance requirement.

Step 2: requirement according to cosecant biquadratic antenna target direction figure to antenna gain and model is detected to horizontal plane The requirement enclosed determines the linear array radiating element number of horizontal direction arrangement；Here determine that horizontal direction there are 12 linear array radiation Unit.

Step 3: according to preset cosecant biquadratic antenna target direction figure, the width of each linear array port excitation is determined Degree, phase；So that the horizontal radiation pattern of antenna array meets cosecant biquadratic formula requirement in radar target field of view angle, That is:Wherein θ₀For cosecant overlay area start angle, θ₁It is needed for radar The angular range to be covered, θ₂For overlay area center line and horizontal direction angle.Wherein, 12 of feeding network it is defeated Phase required for exit port 12-23 is 35.8 degree respectively, 123.5 degree, 191.6 degree, and 256.8 degree, 0 degree, 114.7 degree, 133 Degree, 200.9 degree, 275.1 degree, 319.1 degree, 14.4 degree, 115.6 degree.Required power ratio is 1:1:1:1:2:2:8:8:2:2:2: 2, θ in the design₀,θ₁,θ₂Respectively 15 degree, 40 degree and 35 degree.

Step 4: according to the distance between difference radiating element designed in step 3, the feed amplitude design on every road Integrated feeding substrate integrated waveguide network, and meet the requirement of reflection coefficient；

Step 5: the phase of each port output of feeding network in the phase demand and step 4 needed according to each port, It calculates per the phase for needing extra delay all the way.The substrate integration wave-guide delay line of different length is designed to meet the phase of each port Position requires.The aperture-coupled structure between different layers is designed simultaneously to be used to connect the delay line between different medium layer.Base Piece integrated waveguide delay line half on underlying dielectric substrate and the other half on top layer dielectric substrate, centre pass through a difference Slot-coupled structure between layer is connected.Output end of each port of substrate integration wave-guide delay line on top layer dielectric substrate Mouth position flush with each other.

Step 6: by the series feed micro-strip linear array radiating element of step 1 design, the substrate integration wave-guide day of step 4 design The substrate integration wave-guide delay line group that line feeding network, step 5 design is combined together, and forms complete aerial array.

Compared with prior art, the antenna structure that the present invention provides can support the cosecant of millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar to assign Shape demand.In same target radar cross section, which can be realized different angle position in visual field The echo power for setting target return is equal.And feeding network part is by symmetrical constant power chip integrated waveguide power distributor group At higher for mismachining tolerance tolerance.Most of feeding network is placed on bottom simultaneously, integrated antenna occupied area only compares Radiating element sized fraction more greatly so that overall structure is more compact.

In order to verify the performance of aerial array of the invention, it is based on the above method and structure, using dielectric constant 2.2, thickness Degree is the microwave plate Taconic TLY-5 of 0.508mm as top layer, underlying dielectric, dielectric constant 3.52, with a thickness of The Rogers 4450F of 0.101mm machined the cosecant biquadratic beam-shaped antenna battle array for working in Ka wave band as adhesive sheet Column.The test of antenna reflection coefficient, test result such as Fig. 6 institute have been carried out using vector network analyzer and frequency expansion equipment Show, test result and simulation result meet preferably；It is tested simultaneously in directional diagram of the far field darkroom to antenna, aerial array Horizontal plane (face H), inclination E surface radiation directional diagram it is as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, gain as shown in figure 9, emulation reached with test result Design object is arrived.Antenna structure involved in the invention is shown for the related emulation of array antenna structure and test result It can satisfy the cosecant figuration requirement for synthetic aperture radar application.In identical radar cross section, can be realized It is roughly equal for the intended recipient echo power of different distance in field of regard (as shown in Figure 10), to effectively improve hair Penetrate the utilization efficiency of energy.Meanwhile have aerial array low section, be easy to be integrated with planar circuit, feeding network design can The advantages that high by property.

The above examples only illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all According to the technical idea provided by the invention, any changes made on the basis of the technical scheme each falls within the scope of the present invention Within.