阅读说明：本技术 用于吸声的表面衬里 (Surface lining for sound absorption ) 是由 弗兰克·西蒙 于 2018-04-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：表面衬里构件(10)包括设有多个孔(2)的外壁(1)、间隔物结构和分别与外壁中的孔相关联的管子(3)。表面衬里构件旨在施加于基础表面,以便通过吸声减少在该基础表面上反射的声波。通过改变外壁中孔的形状,使得孔周长与孔面积的比率变化,提高了吸声效率,特别是对于低于500Hz的频率。这种表面衬里构件可适于形成飞机发动机机舱的表面部分或者飞机机翼的前缘的表面部分。(Surface lining component (10) includes equipped with the outer wall (1) of multiple holes (2), spacer structures and pipe (3) associated with the hole in outer wall respectively.Surface lining component is intended to be applied to surface of base, reduces the sound wave reflected on the surface of base will pass through sound absorption.By changing the shape of outer wall mesoporous, so that the rate of change of hole perimeter and hole area, improves sound absorption efficiency, especially for the frequency for being lower than 500Hz.This surface lining component may be adapted to the up-front surface portion of the surface portion to form aircraft engine nacelle or aircraft wing.)

1. a kind of surface lining component (10), it is intended to being applied to surface of base (SB), being reduced with will pass through sound absorption through the table The sound wave (OA) that face lining component reflects on the surface of base, the surface lining component include:

Outer wall (1) is equipped with multiple holes (2), and each hole independently forms the open channel across the outer wall；

Spacer structures are connected to the inner surface (FI) of the outer wall (1), and are suitable in the outer wall and the basis Gap (E) is set between surface (SB), to be formed at least between the inner surface and the surface of base of the outer wall One operatic tunes；And

Pipe (3) is connected to the outer wall (1), and from the inner surface (FI) of the outer wall towards the underlying table (SB) is extended in the operatic tunes in face, and each pipe is open in two opposite ends of the pipe, and is exclusively used in the outer wall In hole (2) in one, the hole section in the hole is included in the inner section of the pipe at the outer wall,

Wherein, the length of each pipe (3) is respectively less than the gap (E) between the outer wall (1) and the surface of base (SB), makes Obtaining between the outer wall and the surface of base does not have pipe against at least the 10% of the gap of the surface of base, wherein institute State tube length be measured on the direction perpendicular to the inner surface (FI) of the outer wall, and

It is characterized in that, several in the hole (2) in the outer wall (1) have different cross-sectional shapes, so that Kong Heng Perimeter of section changes divided by between quotient in the hole at least some of hole cross-sectional area.

2. surface lining component (10) according to claim 1, wherein at least some of described pipe (3) has not Same respective length, each length measure on the direction perpendicular to the inner surface (FI) of the outer wall (1).

3. surface lining component (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each pipe (3) is each perpendicular to the outer wall (1) the inner surface (FI) extends.

4. surface lining component (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein perpendicular to the outer wall On the direction of the inner surface (FI), the length of each pipe (3) is than between the outer wall (1) and the surface of base (SB) The distance between the small 2mm and 40mm in gap (E).

5. surface lining component (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the pipe (3) At least one, the internal cross section of the pipe is as the inner surface (FI) from the outer wall (1) along perpendicular to described The function of the distance of the orientation measurement of the inner surface of outer wall and change.

6. surface lining component (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one in the hole (2) A peripheral edge is with the polygon more than four edges.

7. surface lining component (10) according to claim 6, wherein the periphery sides of at least one of described hole (2) Edge has second order or the fractal pattern higher than second order.

8. surface lining component (10) according to any one of the preceding claims has and suitably forms aircraft engine The up-front part of the surface portion of cabin, aircraft wing, air-conditioning system sound absorption equipment part or inner blower wall part Shape.

9. surface lining component (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spacer structures with The opposite one end of the outer wall (1) is suitable for being bound to the surface of base (SB).

10. the method for manufacturing surface lining component (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein described Pipe (3) and optionally there are also the spacer structures pass through carried out from the inner surface (FI) of the outer wall (1) it is three-dimensional Printing or injection molding method are formed.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of surface lining components, commonly referred to as " lining ", are intended to be applied to surface of base to generate Sound absorption effect.The invention further relates to a kind of methods for manufacturing this surface lining.

Background technique

It is well known that lining is applied to surface of base, it is anti-on surface of base across lining will pass through sound absorption reduction The sound wave penetrated.Lining has outer wall, which passes through rigid spacer, such as by honeycomb, before being maintained at surface of base At a certain distance from side.Sound absorption is substantially generated by outer wall, which has hole, to allow sound wave in the outside of lining and outside The outer wall is passed through between intermediate space between wall and surface of base.This lining is specifically used for forming aircraft engine nacelle Surface portion or the up-front part of aircraft wing.Typically, the gap between outer wall and surface of base is about to correspond to maximum The a quarter of the wave length of sound of absorption efficiency, to generate the resonance effects of aggravation wave absorption.However, this lining for Sound frequency lower than 500Hz (hertz) is not highly effective.

However, the cabin of UHBR (superelevation by-pass ratio) type aircraft engine is shorter thinner, it is therefore desirable to have in 500Hz or less The lining of improved sound absorption efficiency.

In another application field, document CN2527764 is proposed: being arranged on the catheter wall inside air blast device of air similar In the hole of above-mentioned lining outer wall, and from each hole opposite with air blast channel in addition pipe is set, to increase catheter wall Absorptivity.The filling of these pipes is for the intermediate space between the catheter wall and crust of the device of air blast.Since sound wave is every The length of propagation path in a pipe, absorptivity increase.However, be not carried out by depth be about wave length of sound to be absorbed four/ The resonance effect that one cavity obtains.

Finally, somebody proposes to combine resonant cavity effect and sink effect, sink effect passes through the sound in pipe The conduction of wave is increased, and specifically F.Simon is in entitled " Low frequency sound absorption of In the article of resonators with flexible tubes " (Proceedings of ICA, in June, 2013), Yi Ji Entitled " ' Low Frequency'Acoustic Resonators for Aircraft Engine Nacelle It is proposed in the speech of Application " (CFA 2016, Le Mans).Specifically, it has been proposed that, the single length of pipe is small In the depth of resonant cavity.This surface lining component includes:

It is equipped with the outer wall in multiple holes, each Kong Jun independently forms the open channel across the outer wall；

Spacer structures, are connected to the inner surface of outer wall, and be suitable for outer wall inner surface and be applied with lining above In surface of base between establish gap, to form at least one operatic tunes between the inner surface of outer wall and the surface of base； And

Pipe is connected to outer wall, and extends up in the operatic tunes from the inner surface of outer wall in surface of base side, each Pipe is open in two opposite ends of the pipe, and one be exclusively used in the hole in outer wall, and the section in hole is included in outer wall In the inner section of the pipe at place.

In addition, length measure on the direction perpendicular to outer wall inner surface, each pipe is less than outer wall and underlying table Gap between face, so that at least the 10% of the gap against the pipe of surface of base.

Summary of the invention

In view of the situation, the purpose of the present invention is further increasing the absorptivity of surface lining component, especially for Frequency of sound wave less than 500Hz.

It is another object of the present invention to propose a kind of manufacturer for this surface lining component for increasing absorptivity Method.

For this purpose, the first aspect of the present invention proposes lining component in surface as described above, but wherein, the hole in outer wall In it is several have different cross-sectional shapes so that hole section girth divided by hole cross-sectional area Shang Kong at least one Change between a little.

In fact, the hole across outer wall causes low frequency absorption at equal hole cross-sectional area, when its section girth compared with When long, low frequency absorption rate is bigger.Specifically, increase with hole section girth divided by the quotient of hole cross-sectional area, the main absorption of low frequency Peak is moved to lower audio frequency value.Make it possible to widen the apparent total of surface lining component using the hole with the different quotients Absorb sound peak, this is effective at low frequency.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of following supplementary features can be answered advantageously alone or in combination With:

It can be identical as with the internal cross section of its associated pipe in the cross section of the inner surface of outer wall, each hole；

At least some of pipe can have different respective length, and the length is in the direction perpendicular to outer wall inner surface Upper measurement；

Each pipe can extend perpendicular to the inner surface of outer wall；

On the direction perpendicular to outer wall inner surface, the length of each pipe can be than between outer wall and surface of base The distance between small 2mm to the 40mm in gap；

For at least one pipe, the internal cross section of the pipe be can be used as on the direction perpendicular to the inner surface Change from the function of the distance of the Inner surface measurement of outer wall.Specifically, it can be with variation as the central axis position of pipe, and position is seemingly Than changing as the function away from the distance of outer wall.Specifically, between the central axis of pipe and the inner surface of same pipe Gap on the meridian plane of pipe can be used as the function away from the distance of outer wall inner surface and exponentially change；

The peripheral edge at least one of hole can be with the polygon more than four edges.Specifically, this of hole is outer Peripheral edge can have the fractal pattern of second order or higher order；

This group of hole can take up the surface area part between the 2% to 20% of the inner surface of outer wall, preferably 4% to 8%；

Spacer structures may include the rigid lattice extended perpendicular to the inner surface of outer wall.In this case, it is spaced The minimum wave length of sound that the distance between two lattices relative to each other of object structure preferably smaller than surface lining component is recommended Half；And

For each hole, the minimum range between parallel and opposite two marginal portion in hole is preferably greater than acoustics side Twice of thickness of boundary layer, this is equal to (ρ π f/ μ)^-1/2, wherein ρ is 25 DEG C (degree Celsius) and 10⁵Air under Pa (Pascal) Density, μ is air viscosity under the same terms and f is the recommendation choacoustic frequency of surface lining component, be included in 100Hz and Between 500Hz, such as equal to 200Hz.

In general, lining component in surface according to the present invention can have suitably form aircraft engine nacelle surface portion, The up-front part of aircraft wing, air-conditioning system sound absorption equipment part or inner blower wall part shape.

In addition, in general, one end opposite with outer wall of spacer structures may be adapted to be integrated to surface of base.

In addition, the second aspect of the present invention provide it is a kind of for manufacturing the side of the surface lining component according to first aspect Method, wherein pipe and optionally there are also spacer structures by 3 D-printing or injection molding method from the interior table of outer wall Face is formed.

Detailed description of the invention

With reference to attached drawing, from the description below to some non-restrictive illustrative embodiments, other features of the invention It will become obvious with advantage, in the accompanying drawings:

- Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of lining component in surface according to the present invention；

- Fig. 2 a to Fig. 2 g shows the cross-sectional shape in workable hole in lining component in surface according to the present invention；

- Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b, Fig. 3 c and Fig. 3 d are the absorptivity figures of the function as frequency of sound wave；

- Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b are the perspective view of lining component in surface according to the present invention in two opposite directions；And

- Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b are the viewgraph of cross-section that can be used for the pipe of the various embodiments of the present invention, with different Tube length, or the cross sectional dimensions changed along each pipe.

For the sake of clarity, the size of the component indicated in these figures does not correspond to actual size or actual size ratio.Separately It is outside, different that the same reference numbers in the drawings refer to components identical or with the same function.

In the accompanying drawings, label shown in has following meanings:

100 are used for the structural elements of receiving surface lining component

The surface of SB structural elements 100, surface lining component apply on a surface；Referred to as surface of base

10 surface lining components

The outer wall of 1 surface lining component 10

The inner surface of FI outer wall 1

The outer surface of FE outer wall 1

2 pass through the aperture of outer wall 1

3 pipes associated with each hole 2 extend from the inner surface FI of outer wall 1

4 lattices extend from the inner surface FI of outer wall 1

The distal end of each lattice 4 of 4a, it is opposite with outer wall 1

Interstitial volume between the inner surface F1 of V outer wall 1 and the surface of base SB of structural elements 100

Incident acoustic wave on the outer surface FE of OA outer wall 1

Central axis in each of A-A pipe 3

Gap between the inner surface FI of E outer wall 1 and the surface of base SB of structural elements 100

Length of the l from the inner surface FI of the outer wall 1 each pipe 3 measured along the axis A-A of pipe

d_rDistance Remaining between the distal end of each pipe 3 opposite with outer wall 1 and the surface of base SB of structural elements 100

Specific embodiment

For example, structural elements 100 can be the part of aircraft engine nacelle.However, it is clear for attached drawing, but with The surface of base SB of structural elements 100 is shown as flat by non-limiting way.

The covering of the composition structural elements 100 of surface lining component 10.For this purpose, surface lining component 10 will be for example by that will divide Every on the surface SB that the distal end 4a in portion 4 is integrated to surface of base SB and is fixed on structural elements 100.

Structural elements 100 includes outer wall 1, pipe 3 and lattice 4.The pipe 3 and lattice 4 of rigidity could attach to outer wall 1 Inner surface FI, or can have with the continuous material of outer wall 1, such as by being initially formed from inner surface FI.They can be with Extend perpendicular to the inner surface FI of outer wall 1, but it's not necessary.According to the preferred method for manufacturing structural elements 10, until Education and correction for juvenile offenders 3, and can may be manufactured by 3 D-printing or by using injection molding technique there are also lattice 4.

When surface lining component 10 is fixed on the surface SB of structural elements 100, the length of lattice 4 determines gap E (Fig. 1).Preferably, the length having the same of lattice 4, so that inner surface FI is parallel with surface of base SB.If without pipe 3, spacing E need a quarter of the wavelength value of sound wave OA of maximum absorptivity by being substantially equal to.However, there are pipes 3 In the case where, gap E can be the 1/20 to 1/30 of the wave length of sound for for example needing maximum absorptivity.Therefore, for given Gap E, compared with the resonator of no pipe 3, the absorption maximum frequency of sound wave OA can be reduced by 5 to 7 times by the presence of pipe 3. In addition, the distance between two lattices 4 facing with each other are preferably smaller than the minimum wave length of sound that surface lining component 10 is recommended Half.Under these conditions, the main through hole 2 of wave propagates through outer wall 1, propagates along pipe 3, then the court in volume V It is propagated to structural elements 100, is reflected by surface of base SB, propagated in volume V again, but upwardly propagated in the side of outer wall 1, Then outside is traveled to again by pipe 3 and outer wall 1.In known manner, basic when passing through pipe 3 and outer wall 1 every time On absorption to sound wave OA can all occur.

Each lattice 4 may each be any geometry.Specifically, each lattice 4 can have one or more A opening, while realizing the function of its rigid lattice between outer wall 1 and structural elements 100.

Each hole 2 extends to its inner surface FI from the outer surface FE of outer wall 1, thus between external and interstitial volume V Form open channel.Thus, allow sound wave OA's to partially pass through outer wall 1.When the perimeter in hole 2 is higher divided by the quotient of its cross-sectional area When, lower frequency values are moved in this Sound absorbing spectrum by influencing wave OA in the process.The following table 1 and table 2 show difference The hole perimeter of shape is divided by the quotient of its cross-sectional area and two values of hole cross-sectional area:

Table 1: the cross-sectional area in each hole 2 is about 1.27mm²

Table 2: the cross-sectional area in each hole 2 is about 3.14mm²

In general, the minimum range between parallel and opposite two parts of bore edges is preferably greater than acoustic boundary layer thickness δ_ac Twice, calculated according to following formula: δ_ac=(ρ π f/ μ)^-1/2, wherein ρ is 25 DEG C (degree Celsius) and 10⁵Pa (Paasche Card) under atmospheric density, μ is air viscosity under the same terms and f is the frequency of sound wave OA, preferably include in 100Hz with Between 500Hz, such as equal to 200Hz.This condition ensures that a big chunk through hole 2 of sound wave OA enters interstitial volume V.

Each hole 2 is equipped with pipe 3, which upwardly extends from the inner surface FI of outer wall 1 in the side of structural elements 100. In the described embodiment, but this is not essential to the present invention to be, each pipe 3 all has central longitudinal axis A-A, the axis are straight, and perpendicular to inner surface FI at the position in hole.In addition, each pipe 3 is at inner surface FI Internal cross section is all identical, and consistent with the cross section of corresponding aperture 2.In addition, the length l of each pipe 3 is respectively less than outer 90% of gap E between the inner surface FI of wall 1 and the surface of base SB of structural elements 100.

Under these conditions, Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b, Fig. 3 c and Fig. 3 d figure each illustrate suction of the shape in hole 2 to sound wave OA Receive the influence of frequency spectrum.The horizontal axis of each figure indicates the frequency f of sound wave OA, is indicated with hertz (Hz) and the longitudinal axis indicates frequency spectrum It absorbs, is indicated with Abs (f), normalized relative to its maximum value 1.

The figure of Fig. 3 a corresponds to the value of the gap E between the inner surface FI of outer wall 1 and the surface of base SB of structural elements 100 For 10mm (millimeter).The figure of Fig. 3 b is 20mm corresponding to the value of gap E.For two figures of Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b, all pipes 3 All have the length l and about 1.27mm equal to 5mm (millimeter)²Internal cross-sectional area.For every curve in these figures, All holes 2 be all it is identical, shape is as shown in the illustration legend of corresponding figure and one or more sizes in hole are as above Shown in table 1.The comparison of the two figures shows that the main absorption peak when gap E increases, under low frequency is mobile to the lower value of frequency f, And under the steady state value of gap E, when hole perimeter increases divided by the quotient of hole cross-sectional area, the peak is also to the lower value of frequency f It is mobile.Increase with perimeter divided by the quotient of hole cross-sectional area in addition, Fig. 3 b is shown, lower main absorption band broadens about 7%.

In order to which absorption peak is moved to about or below 500Hz, for inner surface FI and the structural elements 100 of outer wall 1 The gap E of 20mm (Fig. 3 c) or 30mm (Fig. 3 d) between surface of base SB, the length l of pipe 3 can be set to 15mm.With figure Every relevant all holes 2 in the curve of 3c or Fig. 3 d are still of similar shape, this is in the illustration legend of corresponding figure It shows, the cross-sectional area in hole is about 3.14mm²(size in the hole about the curve corresponding to Fig. 3 c and Fig. 3 d, is shown in table above 2).Then, it observes and when the length l of pipe 3 is equal to 5mm and hole cross-sectional area is about 1.27mm²When identical performance (Fig. 3 a With Fig. 3 b), in other words, maximum absorbance is determined by hole perimeter divided by the quotient of hole cross-sectional area.

Surface lining component 10 according to the present invention is shown in figs. 4 a and 4b.For the sake of clarity, in Fig. 4 a and figure In 4b, lattice 4 is not shown in the two figures, but is present in actual surface lining component.In the lining component In 10, there is change in shape between several holes 2, so that the section girth in hole is divided by the value of the quotient of its cross-sectional area in same lining Variation in component.Thus, same surface lining component 10 includes having circle, cross, slit shape, hexagon or hexagonal simultaneously The hole 2 for dividing at least two different patterns in shape etc. of mulle or various patterns, and court of the hole in the FE of outer surface To can also change.Therefore, the absorption spectrum of this surface lining component 10 corresponds in each of the cross-sectional shape of hole The combination of frequency spectrum.As a result, resulting absorption spectrum shows the main absorption peak to broaden under frequency in a low voice, the value of gap E is constant 's.When audio frequency f is less than 500Hz, which generates bigger sound absorption value.The absorption realized in this way in 500Hz Efficiency gain can be 7% or bigger.

Pipe 3 associated with each hole 2 can have interior cross-sectional shape identical with the cross section of corresponding aperture 2.In In embodiments of the present invention shown in Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b, the internal cross section of each pipe 3 is constant along each pipe, Yi Jisuo There is pipe 3 to all have identical length.

Fig. 5 a shows the first modification of the invention, wherein some pipes 3 of the lining component 10 in Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b Length can change with the difference of pipe.One distal end opposite with outer wall 1, in pipe 3 and structural elements 100 it Between existing remaining open distance d_rEqual to E-l.For lining component in surface according to the present invention, residue open distance d_rGreatly In the 10% of gap E.When all pipes 3 all have equal length, this state is kept.In general, it guarantees to be generated by gap E Resonance effects and hole 2 various shape generate increased absorptivity between optimal combination.Preferably for surface lining All pipes 3 of component 10, remaining free distance d_r2mm can be greater than.

Figure 5b shows that the second modifications of the invention, wherein some pipes 3 of lining component 10 can have inner cross sectional Face, the internal cross section as the distance x of the inner surface FI away from outer wall 1 function and change.For example, the inner cross sectional of pipe 3 Face can change between two planes, the two planes perpendicular to the pipe axis A-A, and as position correspond to distance The different value of x, position depend on distance x like ratio.For x=0, the internal cross section of pipe can be with the inner cross sectional of corresponding aperture 2 Face is identical.Then, the distance between central axis A-A of the inner surface of pipe 3 and pipe r can be according to distance x to include axis Identical mode changes in all equatorial planes of line A-A.Thus, r (x) is position presented hereinbefore like ratio.In the present invention Different embodiments in, r (x) can be affine, increasing or decreasing function segment, or can be with the exponential function of increasing or decreasing Section or parabolic segment, hyperbolic line segment etc..R (x) can be linear combination several in these functions, and in general, r (x) can To be any function, as long as the distal end of pipe 3 is open.Thus, there is the every of variable cross-section along center axis thereof A-A A pipe 3 may be constructed the flares such as cone, index shape, parabola shaped, hyperbola, and intermediate space V is connected to The open channel that corresponding aperture 2 by passing through outer wall 1 is formed.In known manner, it is this with inner surface FI away from outer wall 1 away from From and the flare promotion sound energy through hole 2 that broadens is transmitted.In addition, this flare has cutoff frequency F_c, it is lower than the cut-off Frequency, sound wave OA just no longer (correspond to f < F by flare transmission_c).The cutoff frequency is F_c=C/ (4 π α), wherein α is The characteristic length of the variation of function r (x).

In improved embodiment, the feature of the first modification of the invention and the second modification shown in Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b It can combine.

The quantity in the hole 2 of the per unit surface area of outer wall 1 can be in 1 hole/cm²(hole is every square centimeter) and 8 hole/cm² Between.The cross-sectional area in each hole is given, such as can be in 1mm²And 4mm²Between, all Kong Jun can take up the example of outer wall 1 Such as 4% to 8% surface area part.

Finally, lattice 4 can form one group of separate unit adjacent to each other on the inner surface FI of outer wall 1.Single hole 2 and Its associated pipe 3 may include in each cell, but can also have multiple holes 2 in individual unit, pipe 3 with It is associated.

It should be understood that the present invention can be reproduced, while it is secondary relative to example detailed above to modify its Aspect.Specifically, lattice 4 can be by the spacer structures generation of any distribution with different geometries and relative to hole 2 It replaces.In addition, already mentioned numerical value only provides as an example.