阅读说明：本技术 一种油茶育苗基质及其制备方法和育苗方法 (Camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate and preparation method and seedling raising method thereof ) 是由 黄玉杰 刘道纯 董楠 唐明明 朱舒翼 梁祥鹏 赵晶晶 王晶 刘秀青 乔良 杨乐 于 2019-09-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种油茶育苗基质及其制备方法和育苗方法,所述育苗基质以重量份数计,包括如下原料组分：核桃青皮发酵基质60-80份和保水基质10-20份；所述核桃青皮发酵基质主要由如下重量百分比的原料制备而成：核桃青皮40％-50％、豆科植物秸秆30％-40％、辅助发酵基质15％-25％和复合发酵菌剂0.2％～0.5％。该育苗基质充分利用核桃青皮发酵基质作为育苗基质,能够为油茶树苗的生长提供所需的N、P、K元素,与传统的育苗基质相比,该育苗基质在用于油茶育苗中的发芽率得到显著提高,因此,可以用于代替传统的育苗基质进行油茶育苗。该方法操作简单,且能够使核桃青皮发酵彻底,缩短了育苗周期,降低了成本。(The invention provides a camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix, a preparation method thereof and a seedling raising method, wherein the seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of walnut green husk fermentation substrate and 10-20 parts of water retention substrate; the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-50% of walnut green husk, 30-40% of leguminous plant straw, 15-25% of auxiliary fermentation substrate and 0.2-0.5% of composite fermentation microbial inoculum. The seedling raising matrix fully utilizes the walnut green seedcase fermentation matrix as the seedling raising matrix, can provide N, P, K elements required for the growth of camellia oleifera seedlings, and compared with the traditional seedling raising matrix, the germination rate of the seedling raising matrix in camellia oleifera seedling raising is remarkably improved, so that the seedling raising matrix can be used for replacing the traditional seedling raising matrix to carry out camellia oleifera seedling raising. The method is simple to operate, can thoroughly ferment the walnut green seedcase, shortens the seedling culture period and reduces the cost.)

1. The camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of walnut green husk fermentation substrate and 10-20 parts of water retention substrate;

The walnut green husk fermentation substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-50% of walnut green husk, 30-40% of leguminous plant straw, 15-25% of auxiliary fermentation substrate and 0.2-0.5% of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.

2. a camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary fermentation substrate is one or more of walnut shells, lotus seed shells and longan shells.

3. The camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the water retention substrate is one or more of perlite, vermiculite, carbonized rice hulls and corncobs.

4. the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, further comprising 10-15 parts by weight of laterite.

5. The preparation method of the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

S1, weighing 40-50% of walnut green husk, 30-40% of leguminous plant straw, 15-25% of auxiliary fermentation substrate and 0.2-0.5% of composite fermentation inoculant according to weight percentage;

s2, respectively crushing the walnut green husks, the leguminous plant straws and the auxiliary fermentation substrate into coarse powder, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to 55-65% to obtain a fermentation heap;

S3, inoculating 1/2 amount of the compound fermentation inoculant weighed in S1 into the fermentation pile body in the step S2, covering a heat preservation film with holes, turning over the pile once every 2-3 days, and performing primary fermentation;

s4, when the fermentation temperature in the step S3 is reduced to 40 ℃, the remaining compound fermentation microbial inoculum is inoculated into the fermentation pile body, the heat preservation film with holes is covered, the pile is turned over once every 2-3 days, and secondary fermentation is carried out; when the fermentation process is finished, obtaining the walnut green husk fermentation substrate;

S5, weighing 60-80 parts of the walnut green seedcase fermentation substrate obtained in the step S4 and 10-20 parts of a water retention substrate according to parts by weight, adding water for pre-wetting, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seedling culture substrate.

6. the method according to claim 5, wherein in step S2, the coarse powder has a particle size of 5 to 15 mm.

7. the preparation method according to claim 5, wherein in the step S4, the particle size of the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is 2-7 mm.

8. The method as claimed in claim 5, further comprising adding 10-15 parts of laterite to said seedling substrate in step S5.

9. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein in step S5, the moisture content of the seedling substrate is 55-65%.

10. A camellia oleifera seedling raising method using the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate of claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:

step one, seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking oil tea seeds to be sown in warm water at 25-30 ℃ for 3-5 days, changing clear water once a day, then mixing and laminating the soaked oil tea seeds in wet sand, covering the top with a layer of wet gauze, accelerating germination in a constant-temperature environment at 25-30 ℃, keeping the water content of the wet sand at 55-65%, and breaking mouths of more than half of the seeds after 5-7 days for later use;

step two, sowing and seedling raising: and (2) putting the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix into a seedling raising pot, then sowing seeds subjected to seed soaking treatment in the step one into the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix, covering a mulching film, keeping the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix alternately dry and wet, and after 25 days of growth and development, culturing to obtain the camellia oleifera seedlings.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of camellia oleifera seedling raising, and particularly relates to a camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate, a preparation method thereof and a seedling raising method.

Background

The seedling culture substrate is the basis of a container seedling culture technology, and the container seedling culture is particularly suitable for the requirements of factory and large-scale production, and can improve the efficiency of seedling culture production and the survival rate of seedling culture. The traditional seedling culture medium mainly comprises peat, vermiculite and perlite, but the peat belongs to non-renewable resources, and excessive mining and use of the peat not only can cause resource shortage, but also can cause unpredictable damage to the ecological environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to research and develop or search new substrates which are cheap, widely available and renewable.

the walnut is one of four dry fruits (almond, hazelnut, cashew nut and walnut) in the world, the market demand is gradually increasing, and the planting amount of the walnut is also gradually increasing in order to adapt to the market demand. China is a big producing country of walnuts, and the development of the walnut industry also brings about the problem of waste treatment. 45 ten thousand tons of walnut green husks, 24 ten thousand tons of walnut shells and 36 ten thousand tons of walnut nuts are produced in China. Wherein, only a few walnut green husks are used for medicine, and most walnut green husks are directly burnt or randomly stacked or buried in situ, thus causing resource waste and environmental pollution.

The detection data show that the protein content in the walnut green husk is 1.78%, the ash content is 1.06%, the crude fiber content is 5.72%, and the walnut green husk also contains abundant vitamin C and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, iron, copper, sodium and the like. In addition, the green peel of walnut also contains 39 volatile oils, 7 fatty acids, 5 monosaccharides and more than 15 amino acids. The walnut green seedcase is rich in nutrition, high in yield, stable in yield, and relatively stable in water content and nutritional ingredients, so that the biomass walnut green case needs to be effectively utilized, and waste of resources is avoided.

In the invention patent with publication number CN107549465A, a walnut green husk feed additive and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein walnut green husk is extracted as a feed additive, which can replace antiviral drugs and antibiotics in the feed, reduce the dosage thereof, and achieve the purposes of inhibiting the propagation of common pathogenic bacteria and viruses of livestock and poultry, adjusting the proportion of intestinal flora, preventing infectious diseases and increasing the survival rate of livestock and poultry. The pigment extracted from the walnut green husk can be effectively utilized in printing and dyeing textiles and practical natural pigment preparation. However, no report is found on the study of the walnut green seedcase used as the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix which fully utilizes the walnut green seedcase as the seedling raising matrix, so that the problem of peat soil shortage is greatly relieved, the high-efficiency and multi-level utilization of the walnut green seedcase biomass resources is promoted, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the ecological benefit and the economic benefit are improved.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix and a seedling raising method, the method is simple to operate, can thoroughly ferment the walnut green seedcases, and is used for replacing the traditional seedling raising matrix to carry out camellia oleifera seedling raising.

in order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

The camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of walnut green husk fermentation substrate and 10-20 parts of water retention substrate;

The walnut green husk fermentation substrate is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-50% of walnut green skin, 30-40% of leguminous plant straw, 15-25% of auxiliary fermentation substrate and 0.2-0.5% of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.

Further, the auxiliary fermentation substrate is one or more of walnut shells, lotus seed shells and longan shells.

Further, the water-retaining matrix is one or more of perlite, vermiculite, carbonized rice hulls and corncobs.

furthermore, the seedling raising substrate also comprises 10-15 parts of laterite by weight.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate, which comprises the following steps:

s1, weighing 40-50% of walnut green husk, 30-40% of leguminous plant straw, 15-25% of auxiliary fermentation substrate and 0.2-0.5% of composite fermentation inoculant according to weight percentage;

S2, respectively crushing the walnut green husks, the leguminous plant straws and the auxiliary fermentation substrate into coarse powder, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to 55-65% to obtain a fermentation heap;

S3, inoculating 1/2 amounts of the composite fermentation inoculant into the fermentation pile body in the step S2, covering a heat preservation film with holes, turning the pile once every 2-3 days, and performing primary fermentation;

S4, when the fermentation temperature in the step S3 is reduced to 40 ℃, the remaining compound fermentation microbial inoculum is inoculated into the fermentation pile body, the heat preservation film with holes is covered, the pile is turned over once every 2-3 days, and secondary fermentation is carried out; when the fermentation process is finished, obtaining the walnut green husk fermentation substrate;

S5, weighing 60-80 parts of the walnut green seedcase fermentation substrate obtained in the step S4 and 10-20 parts of a water retention substrate according to parts by weight, adding water for pre-wetting, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seedling culture substrate.

Further, in step S2, the particle size of the coarse powder is 5 to 15 mm.

Further, in the step S4, the particle size of the walnut green husk fermentation substrate is 2-7 mm.

Further, 10-15 parts of laterite is added into the seedling culture substrate in the step S5.

Further, in step S5, the moisture content of the seedling raising substrate is 55% to 65%.

The invention also provides a camellia oleifera seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps:

Step one, seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking oil tea seeds to be sown in warm water at 25-30 ℃ for 3-5 days, changing clear water once a day, then mixing and laminating the soaked oil tea seeds in wet sand, covering the top of the wet sand with a layer of wet gauze, accelerating germination in a constant-temperature environment at 25-30 ℃, keeping the moisture content of the wet sand at 55-65%, and breaking mouths of more than half of the seeds after 5-7 days for later use;

step two, sowing and seedling raising: and (2) putting a seedling culture medium prepared by taking walnut green husks as raw materials into a forest seedling culture pot, sowing the seeds soaked in the seed soaking treatment in the step one into the seedling culture medium, covering a mulching film, keeping the seedling culture medium to be alternately dry and wet, and culturing after 25 days of growth and development to obtain the camellia oleifera seedling.

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate, the preparation method thereof and the seedling raising method, and the camellia oleifera seedling raising substrate has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention provides a camellia oleifera seedling raising matrix which is mainly characterized in that walnut green husks and leguminous plant straws are fermented to obtain a decomposed fermentation matrix, and then the fermentation matrix and a water-retention matrix are mixed to obtain the seedling raising matrix which is used for replacing the traditional seedling raising matrix and is used for cultivating camellia oleifera seedlings, so that the problem of shortage of peat soil is greatly relieved, high-efficiency and multi-level utilization of biomass resources of the walnut green husks is promoted, waste of resources and pollution to the environment caused by direct burning, random stacking or local burying of the walnut green husks are avoided, and ecological benefit and economic benefit are improved.

2. the walnut green seedcase contains rich potassium elements and phosphorus elements, the straw of leguminous plants contains rich nitrogen elements, N, P, K elements required for the growth of camellia oleifera seedlings can be provided, the content of the three components is higher than that of a traditional seedling culture medium, and the nutrient content of the medium is improved; in addition, the pH value of the seedling culture medium provided by the invention is 5-6, so that the seedling culture medium is very suitable for the growth and development of the camellia oleifera seedlings, and is beneficial to the absorption of the camellia oleifera seedlings on nutrient elements; compared with the traditional seedling substrate, the seedling substrate provided by the invention has the advantages that the germination rate of the camellia seedling substrate is obviously improved, and the seedling period and the germination period can be shortened, so that the camellia seedling substrate can be used for replacing the traditional seedling substrate to carry out camellia seedling.

3. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, can thoroughly ferment the walnut green seedcase, shortens the seedling culture period and reduces the cost.

Detailed Description

in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any inventive step, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

In the embodiment of the invention, the adopted materials and equipment mainly comprise: walnut green seedcase, leguminous plant straw, thermometer, upender, oil tea seed, traditional seedling raising substrate (contrast) and 32-hole forest pot (purchased from Jianghua plastics Co., Ltd., 545 x 280 mm). The materials and equipment are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.