阅读说明：本技术 一种稀土金属电解废气净化装置 (Rare earth metal electrolysis exhaust gas purification device ) 是由 韩振宇 于 2021-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种稀土金属电解废气净化装置,包括：密封集气罩,卡合安装于电解槽的上方；鼓风机,通过送风管与所述密封集气罩连接,所述送风管的末端设有吹气罩；抽风机,通过抽风管与所述密封集气罩连接,所述抽风管的末端设有吸气罩；处理塔,所述处理塔的顶部与所述抽风管连接,用于废气输入；所述处理塔的底部通过循环泵与所述送风管连接,用于将尾气排出至所述密封集气罩,并形成内循环；所述处理塔由上至下依次包括通过管道连接的除尘装置、氯气洗涤装置、干燥装置、冷却加压装置及液氯储罐,各个装置间由横隔板分隔。本装置在保证净化效率的前提下还具备集成化更高的特点。(The invention relates to a rare earth metal electrolysis waste gas purification device, comprising: the sealed gas-collecting hood is clamped and arranged above the electrolytic bath; the air blower is connected with the sealed gas collecting hood through an air supply pipe, and the tail end of the air supply pipe is provided with an air blowing hood; the exhaust fan is connected with the sealed gas collecting hood through an exhaust pipe, and the tail end of the exhaust pipe is provided with an air suction hood; the top of the treatment tower is connected with the exhaust pipe and used for inputting waste gas; the bottom of the treatment tower is connected with the air supply pipe through a circulating pump and is used for discharging tail gas to the sealed gas collecting hood and forming internal circulation; the treatment tower comprises a dust removal device, a chlorine washing device, a drying device, a cooling and pressurizing device and a liquid chlorine storage tank which are connected through pipelines from top to bottom in sequence, and all the devices are separated by transverse clapboards. This device still possesses the higher characteristics that integrate under the prerequisite of guaranteeing purification efficiency.)

1. A rare earth metal electrolysis exhaust gas purification device, characterized by comprising:

-a sealed gas-collecting hood snap-fitted over the electrolyzer;

the air blower is connected with the sealed gas collecting hood through an air supply pipe, and the tail end of the air supply pipe is provided with a blowing hood;

an exhaust fan connected with the sealed gas-collecting hood through an exhaust pipe, wherein the tail end of the exhaust pipe is provided with an air suction hood;

-a treatment tower, the top of which is connected to the extraction duct for the input of exhaust gases; the bottom of the treatment tower is connected with the air supply pipe through a circulating pump and is used for discharging tail gas to the sealed gas collecting hood and forming internal circulation;

the treatment tower comprises a dust removal device, a chlorine washing device, a drying device, a cooling and pressurizing device and a liquid chlorine storage tank which are connected through pipelines from top to bottom in sequence, and all the devices are separated by transverse clapboards.

2. The purification device of claim 1, wherein the blowing hood and the suction hood are respectively disposed at two sides of the sealed gas collecting hood, and the blowing hood and the suction hood are staggered.

3. The purification apparatus of claim 2, wherein the blowing hood and the suction hood are each in the shape of a rectangular horn.

4. The purification device of claim 1, wherein the height of the treatment tower is greater than the height of the sealed gas-collecting hood, the exhaust pipe is in an S-shape and is connected with the sealed gas-collecting hood and the treatment tower, an upward bent section of the S-shaped exhaust pipe is fixedly connected with the top of the treatment tower, and a downward bent section of the S-shaped exhaust pipe is fixedly connected with the sealed gas-collecting hood.

5. The purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the dust removal device comprises: the device comprises a main air pipe, a plurality of branch pipes and a plurality of multi-stage filter cylinders;

the main air pipe is connected with the exhaust pipe and transversely arranged at the upper part of the treatment tower; a plurality of branch pipes are longitudinally connected below the main air pipe;

the multistage filter cylinder comprises a gravity settling tank and a bag type dust collector which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; and the air inlets of the multistage filter cylinders are connected with the branch pipes one by one, and the air outlets of the multistage filter cylinders are intersected to the same pipeline and then connected with the chlorine washing device.

6. The purification apparatus of claim 5, wherein the multistage filter cartridge has an inner diameter greater than an inner diameter of the branch pipe.

7. The purification device of claim 1, wherein the chlorine gas scrubbing device comprises a spray filter and a settling tank, and the air inlet of the chlorine gas scrubbing device is arranged below and the air outlet of the chlorine gas scrubbing device is arranged above.

8. The purification apparatus of claim 1, wherein the filler in the drying apparatus is an adsorptive desiccant comprising activated carbon or calcium chloride.

9. The purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling and pressurizing means comprises a chlorine liquefier and a gas-liquid separator which are arranged in this order.

10. The purification device of claim 1, wherein a plurality of air outlets are formed at the bottom of the treatment tower, and the air outlets are connected with the air supply pipe through a circulating pump and used for sending the chlorine gas escaping from the liquid chlorine storage tank back to the sealed gas collecting hood for secondary purification treatment.

11. The purification device of claim 1, wherein a feed door for entering and exiting of personnel and materials and a pressure relief valve for regulating the air pressure in the purification device are further installed on the sealed gas-collecting hood.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth metal electrolysis, in particular to a rare earth metal electrolysis waste gas purification device.

Background

Rare earth (Rare earth) is a group of novel functional materials with various characteristics such as electricity, magnetism, light, superconduction, catalysis and biology, comprises seventeen metal elements including lanthanide elements, scandium and yttrium in a periodic table of elements, is an important basic material for the high-tech fields such as information technology, biotechnology, new material and new energy technology and national defense construction, and plays an important role in reforming certain traditional industries such as agriculture, chemical industry, building materials and the like.

At present, the molten salt electrolysis method is one of the main methods for producing mixed and single rare earth metals and alloys in China, and a rare earth metal electrolysis furnace is required to be used in the process of carrying out rare earth electrolysis, and an electrolytic graphite tank is arranged in the rare earth metal electrolysis furnace. In the process of electrolysis, the raw materials are put into an electrolytic graphite tank for electrolysis, and rare earth ions in the molten salt electrolyte containing rare earth metal obtain electrons at the cathode of the electrolytic graphite tank and are reduced into metal; certain polluted waste chlorine and dust can be generated by electrolysis; because the existing rare earth metal electrolytic furnace is open, a dust hood is generally arranged above the opening of the electrolytic furnace, and the dust hood exhausts and exhausts dust through being connected to a main exhaust pipeline, but because the directional exhaust and the area of a bell mouth are small, the purification effect is not good, the requirement of environmental protection cannot be met, and the collection and treatment of waste gas are not convenient.

In the existing industrial production process, the following methods are generally adopted for recovering and recycling the waste chlorine gas: absorbing alkali liquor, synthesizing hydrochloric acid, producing liquid chlorine or absorbing waste chlorine by using ferrous chloride; how to select a proper electrolytic waste chlorine purifying method and form a device according to the structure of the electrolytic graphite tank and the generation amount and components of the waste chlorine becomes a technical problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention discloses a rare earth metal electrolysis waste gas purification device, aiming at solving the technical problems in the prior art.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a rare earth metal electrolysis exhaust gas purification device comprising:

-a sealed gas-collecting hood snap-fitted over the electrolyzer;

the air blower is connected with the sealed gas collecting hood through an air supply pipe, and the tail end of the air supply pipe is provided with a blowing hood;

an exhaust fan connected with the sealed gas-collecting hood through an exhaust pipe, wherein the tail end of the exhaust pipe is provided with an air suction hood;

-a treatment tower, the top of which is connected to the extraction duct for the input of exhaust gases; the bottom of the treatment tower is connected with the air supply pipe through a circulating pump and is used for discharging tail gas to the sealed gas collecting hood and forming internal circulation;

the treatment tower comprises a dust removal device, a chlorine washing device, a drying device, a cooling and pressurizing device and a liquid chlorine storage tank which are connected through pipelines from top to bottom in sequence, and all the devices are separated by transverse clapboards.

As a preferable technical scheme, the air blowing hood and the air suction hood are respectively arranged at two sides of the sealed air collecting hood, and the air blowing hood and the air suction hood are arranged in a staggered manner.

Preferably, the blowing hood and the suction hood are both in a rectangular horn shape.

As a preferred technical scheme, the height of the treatment tower is greater than that of the sealed gas-collecting hood, the exhaust pipe is connected with the sealed gas-collecting hood and the treatment tower in an S-shaped manner, an upward bent section of the S-shaped exhaust pipe is fixedly connected with the top of the treatment tower, and a downward bent section of the S-shaped exhaust pipe is fixedly connected with the sealed gas-collecting hood.

As a preferred technical solution, the dust removing device includes: the device comprises a main air pipe, a plurality of branch pipes and a plurality of multi-stage filter cylinders;

the main air pipe is connected with the exhaust pipe and transversely arranged at the upper part of the treatment tower; a plurality of branch pipes are longitudinally connected below the main air pipe;

the multistage filter cylinder comprises a gravity settling tank and a bag type dust collector which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; and the air inlets of the multistage filter cylinders are connected with the branch pipes one by one, and the air outlets of the multistage filter cylinders are intersected to the same pipeline and then connected with the chlorine washing device.

Preferably, the multistage filter cartridge has an inner diameter larger than that of the branch pipe.

As a preferred technical scheme, the chlorine gas washing device comprises a spray filter and a settling tank, wherein an air inlet of the chlorine gas washing device is arranged below, and an air outlet of the chlorine gas washing device is arranged above.

Preferably, the filler in the drying device is an adsorption drying agent, and comprises activated carbon or calcium chloride.

Preferably, the cooling and pressurizing device comprises a chlorine liquefier and a gas-liquid separator which are arranged in sequence.

As a preferable technical scheme, a plurality of air outlets are arranged at the bottom of the treatment tower, and the air outlets are connected with the air supply pipe through a circulating pump and used for sending the chlorine gas escaping from the liquid chlorine storage tank back to the sealed gas collecting hood for secondary purification treatment.

As the optimized technical proposal, the sealed gas-collecting hood is also provided with a feeding door for the entering and exiting of personnel and materials and a pressure relief valve for adjusting the air pressure in the purifying device.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the invention, the sealed gas-collecting hood is added above the rare earth electrolytic cell, and the blowing mechanism and the air suction mechanism are arranged on the left side and the right side of the sealed gas-collecting hood in a staggered manner, so that the collection efficiency of waste gas is greatly improved compared with a single directional air draft hood in the prior art.

(2) Integrate the purifier of electrolysis waste gas in the treating column, still possess the higher characteristics of integrating under the prerequisite of guaranteeing purification efficiency.

(3) Place the liquid chlorine storage tank and set up the air outlet in the treatment tower below, the air outlet gets into sealed gas collecting channel once more through the circulating pump, can carry out the inner loop with the chlorine that the liquid chlorine storage tank probably escaped in order to purify once more to guarantee that whole purifier does not take place gas exchange with the external world, reveal and lead to environmental pollution in order to avoid taking place waste gas in any link of rare earth electrolysis.

(4) Since the specific gravity of chlorine is greater than that of air, each apparatus for purifying chlorine is disposed from top to bottom in the treating tower to ensure the maximum purification efficiency.

(5) The dust removal device is provided with a plurality of multi-stage filter cylinders, and the inner diameters of the multi-stage filter cylinders are larger than the inner diameters of the branch pipes connected with the multi-stage filter cylinders, so that after dust-containing waste gas enters the multi-stage filter cylinders from the branch pipes, airflow suddenly expands and the flow velocity suddenly reduces, dust with large particle size is settled in a gravity settling tank of the multi-stage filter cylinders, and the rest dust enters the bag type dust remover to be intercepted; the arrangement of the multiple multi-stage filter cylinders can increase the contact area between the waste gas and the multi-stage filter cylinders, increase the purification efficiency, and ensure that a gravity settling tank or a bag type dust collector in a certain filter cylinder still maintains a good purification effect through other multi-stage filter cylinders after being out of service.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below to form a part of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments and the description thereof illustrate the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rare earth metal electrolysis exhaust gas purification apparatus disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a processing tower disclosed in the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dust removing device disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a chlorine scrubbing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling and pressurizing device disclosed in the embodiment of the invention.

Description of reference numerals:

the device comprises a sealed gas collecting hood 1, an electrolytic bath 2, a blowing hood 3, an air supply pipe 4, a blower 5, a gas suction hood 6, an air exhaust pipe 7, an exhaust fan 8, a treatment tower 9, a dust removal device 91, a main air pipe 911, a branch pipe 912, a multi-stage filter cartridge 913, a chlorine gas washing device 92, a spray filter 921, a settling tank 922, a drying device 93, a cooling and pressurizing device 94, a chlorine liquefier 941, a gas-liquid separator 942, a liquid chlorine storage tank 95, a circulating pump 10, a feeding gate 11 and a pressure release valve 12.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it is noted that the term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rare earth metal electrolysis exhaust gas purification device provided by the present invention.

The invention provides a rare earth metal electrolysis waste gas purification device, as shown in figure 1, the purification device comprises a sealed gas-collecting hood 1 which is clamped and installed above a rare earth electrolysis bath 2 and a treatment tower 9 for treating and collecting electrolysis waste gas, wherein the sealed gas-collecting hood 1 and the treatment tower 9 are connected through a pipeline system and form internal circulation.

According to the figure 1, the left side and the right side of the sealed gas collecting hood 1 are respectively provided with a blowing hood 3 and an air suction hood 6 which are arranged on the sealed gas collecting hood 1 through flanges, the blowing hood 3 is connected with a blower 5 through an air supply pipe 4, and the air suction hood 6 is connected with an exhaust fan 8 through an exhaust pipe 7; because among the prior art at present when collecting electrolysis waste gas, generally adopt and set up the dust cage in 2 tops of electrolysis trough, the dust cage is through receiving to carry out the exhaust dust exhaust on the 7 pipelines of total exhaust column, because directional convulsions, the horn mouth area is less, therefore the recovery effect of waste gas is poor, still have a large amount of waste gas to exist with electrolysis trough 2 tops, therefore, preferentially, the cover of blowing 3 all is the rectangle loudspeaker form with the cover 6 of breathing in this application, it is more even to guarantee the air current when blowing, and it is bigger to collect the area when breathing in recovery waste gas, work efficiency is higher.

Preferably, in order to fully exert the advantages of the air blowing hood 3 and the air suction hood, the air blowing hood 3 and the air suction hood 6 are arranged on two side walls of the sealed gas collecting hood 1 in a staggered manner, in a preferred embodiment, the air blowing hood 3 is arranged above, and the air suction hood 6 is arranged below, so that the flow rate of the gas in the sealed gas collecting hood 1 can be maximized, the recovery rate of the waste gas containing chlorine can be maximized, and the residual waste gas in the sealed gas collecting hood 1 can be avoided to the greatest extent.

According to the figure 1, the height of the treatment tower 9 is greater than that of the sealed gas-collecting hood 1, the top of the treatment tower 9 is connected with the sealed gas-collecting hood 1 through an exhaust pipe 7, the exhaust pipe 7 is S-shaped, the upper bent section of the exhaust pipe is fixedly connected with the top of the treatment tower 9 and used for inputting waste gas into a dust removal device 91, the lower bent section of the exhaust pipe 7 is fixedly connected with the sealed gas-collecting hood 1, and an exhaust fan 8 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 7.

As shown in fig. 2, the treating tower 9 comprises a dust removing device 91, a chlorine gas washing device 92, a drying device 93, a cooling and pressurizing device 94 and a liquid chlorine storage tank 95 in sequence from top to bottom, and the devices are separated by a diaphragm and connected by a pipeline.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the dust removing device 91 comprises: the device comprises a main air pipe 911, a plurality of branch pipes 912 and a plurality of multi-stage filter cartridges 913, wherein the number of the branch pipes 912 is matched with that of the multi-stage filter cartridges 913; wherein, the main air pipe 911 is connected with the exhaust pipe 7 and transversely arranged at the upper part of the treating tower 9; a plurality of branch pipes 912 are longitudinally connected below the main air pipe 911, a multi-stage filter cylinder 913 is fixedly connected under each branch pipe 912, and air outlets of the multi-stage filter cylinders 913 are connected with the chlorine washing device 92 after meeting the same pipeline.

Preferably, the multistage filter cartridge 913 includes a gravity settling tank and a bag filter sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the inner diameter of the multistage filter cartridge 913 is greater than the inner diameter of the branch pipe 912, so that after the dust-containing waste gas enters the multistage filter cartridge 913 from the branch pipe 912, the airflow suddenly expands and the flow velocity suddenly decreases, so that the dust with large particle size is settled in the gravity settling tank of the multistage filter cartridge 913, and the rest of the dust enters the bag filter to be intercepted; the arrangement of the multiple multi-stage filter cartridges 913 can increase the contact area between the exhaust gas and the multi-stage filter cartridges 913, increase the purification efficiency, and ensure that a better purification effect is maintained by the other multi-stage filter cartridges 913 even after the gravity settling tank or the bag filter in a certain filter cartridge fails.

In a preferred embodiment, the multi-stage filter cartridge 913 performs multi-stage filtration of the exhaust gas by providing multiple layers of filter screens or cartridges.

In a preferred embodiment, a dust sensor is disposed at the air outlet of the multistage filter cartridge 913, and an electromagnetic valve is further installed in the branch pipe 912, when it is detected that the dust in the exhaust gas at the air outlet of a certain multistage filter cartridge 913 exceeds a threshold value, which indicates that the multistage filter cartridge 913 is damaged or the exhaust gas is saturated, the electromagnetic valve is controlled to close the corresponding branch pipe 912, so that the exhaust gas continues to pass through other branch pipes 912 for purification, thereby ensuring the purification effect.

Referring to fig. 4, in a preferred embodiment, the chlorine gas washing device 92 comprises a spray filter 921 arranged at the upper part and a settling tank 922 arranged at the lower part, wherein the air inlet of the chlorine gas washing device 92 is arranged at the lower part and the air outlet thereof is arranged at the upper part; specifically, the spray filter 921 washes the exhaust gas by ejecting a sulfuric acid washing liquid; sulfuric acid is sprayed downwards through a nozzle of the spray filter 921, waste gas enters from an air inlet at the bottom and is reversely sprayed into liquid flow from bottom to top, gas-liquid phases are collided reversely at a high speed, the contact surface area is large, and the contact surface of the gas and the liquid is continuously and rapidly updated due to continuous entering of the waste gas, so that a high-efficiency washing effect is achieved; the washed sulfuric acid wash falls into a settling tank 922 to avoid contamination and can be recycled.

When liquid chlorine is prepared, if the water content of the processed chlorine does not reach the standard, the corrosion of equipment pipelines can be caused, unsafe factors are brought to subsequent working sections, particularly, a compressor, an impeller, pipelines and the like can be damaged, the safe operation of the whole production system is influenced, and therefore, the water content of the dried chlorine needs to be strictly controlled. Preferably, the filler in the drying device 93 is an adsorption drying agent, which includes activated carbon or calcium chloride, and is used for adsorbing moisture contained in the chlorine gas, so as to ensure the chlorine gas to be dried and clean.

Preferably, the cooling and pressurizing device 94 comprises a chlorine liquefier 941 and a gas-liquid separator 942 arranged in sequence, as shown in fig. 5; the dried chlorine gas firstly enters a chlorine liquefier 941, and a frozen calcium chloride salt aqueous solution (or Freon freezing solution) with the temperature of minus 25 to 35 ℃ is used for condensation heat exchange; most of the chlorine gas is condensed into liquid chlorine, and then the gas-liquid mixture enters a gas-liquid separator 942 to separate liquefied tail gas, the liquefied tail gas enters a tail gas pipe from the top, and the liquid chlorine flows into a liquid chlorine storage tank 95 below from the bottom of the gas-liquid separator 942.

In order to avoid the leakage of the liquid chlorine storage tank 95 or the escape of chlorine, in a preferred embodiment, a plurality of air outlets are arranged at the bottom of the treatment tower 9, and the air outlets are connected with the air supply pipe 4 through a circulating pump 10 and used for sending the chlorine settled after the escape of the liquid chlorine storage tank 95 back to the sealed gas-collecting hood 1 to form internal circulation and perform secondary purification treatment, so that the whole purification device is ensured not to exchange gas with the outside, and the environmental pollution caused by the leakage of waste gas generated in any link of rare earth electrolysis is avoided.

As a preferred embodiment, a feeding door 11 for people and materials to enter and exit is installed on the sealed gas-collecting hood, and further, a door magnetic switch is arranged on the feeding door 11 and electrically connected with the exhaust fan 8 for increasing the power of the exhaust fan 8 when the feeding door 11 is opened, so that the sealed gas-collecting hood 1 is in a micro-negative pressure state at the moment, and leakage of electrolytic waste gas after the feeding door 11 is opened is avoided.

In a preferred embodiment, a pressure relief valve 12 for regulating the air pressure is further installed on the sealed gas-collecting hood, and when the air pressure in the device changes when the purifying device operates for a period of time, the air pressure in the whole device is regulated by opening the pressure relief valve 12, so that the smooth operation of the whole waste gas purifying process is ensured.

The rare earth metal electrolysis waste gas purification device comprises the following working procedures: open air-blower 5, air exhauster 8 and circulating pump 10, make the gas in the whole purification unit form the inner loop, through air-blower 5, air exhauster 8 takes out the waste gas efficient in 2 electrolysis trough, then carry to handling tower 9, waste gas is from top to bottom transmission in handling tower 9, earlier subside and adsorb through the heavy sediment of dust collector 91 in to waste gas, then wash respectively, dry and compression form liquid chlorine and save to liquid chlorine storage tank 95, there are a plurality of air outlets in handling tower 9 bottom still, a chlorine that is used for inciting somebody to action liquid chlorine storage tank 95 probably overflows recycles to sealed gas collecting channel 1 and handles once more, and guarantee that whole rare earth metal electrolysis exhaust gas purification device's any link all is not with external contact.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.