阅读说明：本技术 建筑工程墙体二次结构水平构件施工方法 (construction method of horizontal component of secondary structure of building engineering wall ) 是由 郑振尧 张葆华 张渤琪 宋文 王青涛 王文超 于 2019-09-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种建筑工程墙体二次结构水平构件施工方法,属于建筑领域。通过设计各类二次结构水平构件的水泥模板,采用工厂化标准制作,运输至施工现场同墙体砌块同步砌筑的方法,实现墙体与二次结构水平构件同步施工,利用水平构件水泥模板的本身空腔和预留与墙体的连接面,实现水平构件现浇混凝土与水平构件水泥模板以及墙体的整体结合,该水泥模板即作为二次结构水平构件的混凝土浇筑模板,又作为二次结构水平构件整体的一部分,是一种免拆模板混凝土施工的新方法,从而达到精简施工工序、减少施工间歇、减少多工种作业穿插的目的。(The invention relates to a construction method of a horizontal component of a secondary structure of a building engineering wall, belonging to the field of buildings. The cement formwork of various secondary structure horizontal members is designed, manufactured by adopting factory standard, transported to a construction site and built with wall building blocks synchronously, so that synchronous construction of a wall body and the secondary structure horizontal members is realized, the concrete formwork is integrally combined with the horizontal member cast-in-place concrete, the horizontal member cement formwork and the wall body by utilizing the cavity of the horizontal member cement formwork and the reserved connecting surface with the wall body, the cement formwork is used as a concrete pouring formwork of the secondary structure horizontal members and is also used as a part of the whole secondary structure horizontal members, and the cement formwork is a novel method for formwork-dismantling-free concrete construction, so that the aims of simplifying construction procedures, reducing construction intermittence and reducing the alternation of multiple operations are fulfilled.)

1. A construction method of a secondary structure horizontal component of a building engineering wall body is characterized in that,

a. Designing and industrially customizing a lintel cement template, a windowsill coping combined template and a horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement template, wherein the lintel cement template is of a strip-type groove structure, and cement pins are axially fixed in grooves of the lintel cement template; the windowsill coping combined template consists of a windowsill coping main die, a windowsill coping middle insertion die and a windowsill coping outward-protruding baffle, wherein the bottom of the windowsill coping main die is provided with a T-shaped connecting band between windowsill coping vertical dies, the long edge of the T-shaped connecting band between the windowsill vertical-pressing dies is vertically provided with a windowsill outward-protruding vertical die, the short edge of the T-shaped connecting band between the windowsill vertical-pressing dies is vertically provided with a windowsill inward-protruding vertical die, the connecting band between the windowsill vertical-pressing dies, the windowsill inward-protruding vertical die and the windowsill outward-protruding vertical die are integrated cement templates, the windowsill middle insertion die in the windowsill vertical-pressing form is of a flat plate structure, strip-shaped insertion holes are longitudinally processed in a plate body of the windowsill insertion die, splayed insertion slots are processed in the middle position of the lower part of the windowsill vertical-pressing form, and the windowsill; the two sides of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement template are provided with L-shaped cement templates which are arranged in parallel, and cement connecting plates connected with the L-shaped cement templates are arranged in the middle of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement templates at intervals;

b. Wall and secondary structure pay-off

positioning and paying off are carried out before the construction of the wall body and the secondary structure horizontal component, the bottom elevation of a horizontal flat belt or ring beam, the bottom elevation of the beam and the elevation of a windowsill are determined according to the design and standard requirements, and the reserved plugging height of the top wall body and the top elevation of a bottom leveling layer are calculated and determined according to the principle of the positive modulus of the height of the wall body building blocks;

c. Secondary structure horizontal component steel bar anchoring

According to the elevation of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam, the elevation of the beam bottom and the elevation of the windowsill, the horizontal flat belt or ring beam stressed steel bars connected with the horizontal flat belt or ring beam, the windowsill coping steel bar framework and the connecting steel bars of the lintel stressed steel bars are planted and anchored in the main structural member of the primary structure of the building engineering, according to the height of the wall body preset building block and the elevation of the bottom leveling layer top, and according to the principle of the height positive modulus of the wall body building block, the connecting ribs for anchoring the wall body tie bars are planted behind the middle part of the cement mortar joint;

d. construction of horizontal flat belts or ring beams

Building the infilled wall according to the principle of positive height modulus of the wall building blocks, and bonding and building a horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement formwork when the infilled wall is constructed to the designed bottom elevation position of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam;

After the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement formwork of each construction section is built, a horizontal flat belt or ring beam steel reinforcement framework is installed, whether the horizontal flat belt or ring beam concrete is poured or not is determined according to the number of the designed concrete of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam, if the concrete amount is small, pouring is not economical, the construction of the masonry can be continued on the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement formwork, but concrete pouring ports are reserved at certain intervals, and if the concrete can be poured in batch in a centralized mode, the horizontal flat belt or ring beam concrete is poured in time;

e. Windowsill coping construction

The wall body with the windowsill coping is also provided with a horizontal flat belt which is connected with the coping in a normal condition, and the horizontal flat belt is connected and anchored with the primary structure main body. When the infilled wall is constructed to the bottom elevation of the designed bottom of the horizontal flat belt or the bottom position of the designed elevation of the windowsill, a bonding windowsill coping main mold is firstly built; after the windowsill coping main mold construction is finished, a bonding horizontal flat belt cement template is built, and a horizontal flat belt steel reinforcement framework, a windowsill coping steel reinforcement framework and windowsill coping picking steel reinforcements are synchronously installed; according to the principle that the outer edge of a window frame is consistent with the outer edge of the upper wing end of the windowsill coping inserting die, the windowsill pressing and inserting die penetrates through a windowsill pressing steel bar framework and is inserted into the windowsill coping inserting die, and polymer cement mortar is pre-coated on the bottom of the windowsill pressing and inserting die before the windowsill pressing and inserting die is inserted;

After the windowsill coping template, the horizontal flat band cement template and the steel reinforcement framework thereof are installed in each construction section, concrete is poured in time, and the windowsill coping overhanging baffle is bonded and laid on one side of the windowsill coping main mold in advance;

f. Lintel construction

For the wall body provided with the ring beam and the lintel simultaneously, the method of replacing the lintel by the ring beam is preferably adopted, when the infilled wall is constructed to the design bottom elevation of the horizontal ring beam, a cement template for bonding the ring beam is firstly built, when the cement template for the ring beam is constructed to the position of the door and window opening, the cement template for the ring beam at the disconnected position is firstly disconnected, the cement template for the ring beam can extend out of the edge of the door and window opening, and the edge of the door and window opening can not be formed;

then, a ring beam steel reinforcement framework is installed and can be suspended when meeting a door and window opening, then a ring beam cement template at a disconnected position is installed, the continuously connected ring beam cement template is connected with the ring beam steel reinforcement framework through a cement connecting plate which is connected with an iron wire and penetrates through two L-shaped cement templates at the bottom of the ring beam cement template, a temporary support and a horizontal template are additionally arranged to level the continuously connected ring beam cement template, then a cement mortar is adopted to bond and block a side seam of the ring beam cement template, and concrete is poured in time after the installation is finished;

For the independent construction of the lintel when no ring beam is required or the ring beam and the lintel are not constructed simultaneously, when the construction of the infilled wall reaches the elevation of the bottom of the lintel, firstly, adhesive lintel cement formworks are built on the upper surfaces of brickworks at the edges of the door and window openings, after the two lintel cement formworks at the edges of the door and window openings are installed, a lintel reinforcement framework formed by combining lintel stress steel hoops and lintel stirrups is installed, the lintel reinforcement framework is in a suspended state, then, binding and connecting iron wires on cement pins of the lintel cement formworks needing to be installed subsequently in advance, hoisting the lintel cement formworks to the lintel reinforcement framework in a suspended position, and firmly connecting the connecting iron wires with the lintel reinforcement framework;

And arranging a temporary support under the lintel, leveling the bottom of the subsequently installed lintel cement template by adjusting the height, then adopting cement mortar to bond and block splicing gaps at the bottom and two side surfaces of the subsequently installed lintel cement template, and pouring concrete in time after the installation is finished.

2. The construction method of the horizontal member of the secondary structure of the building engineering wall body according to claim 1, wherein one row or two rows of cement pins are axially fixed in the groove of the lintel cement formwork.

Technical Field

the invention relates to the field of construction technology of a secondary structure horizontal component in the building process of inner and outer walls of a building in the construction stage of constructional engineering, in particular to a construction method of the secondary structure horizontal component of the wall of the constructional engineering.

Background

As is known well, the design and construction of the inner and outer walls of a building mostly still adopt the traditional design and construction method at present, for enhancing the rigidity of the wall and meeting the use function, secondary structure horizontal components such as horizontal flat belts or ring beams of the wall, windowsill (parapet) coping, door and window lintels and the like are all designed into a reinforced concrete structure, the traditional construction can be prefabricated and installed except the door and window lintels, all the other secondary structure horizontal components are cast-in-place construction, and the basic flow is as follows: building a wall, adhering an elastic batten for sealing the edges of the members at the positions of the horizontal members, installing horizontal member templates, installing horizontal member steel bars, pouring horizontal member concrete in situ, removing the horizontal member templates, continuously building the wall, and sequentially circulating. The construction method has the advantages that the operation work is diversified, the construction process is complicated, the construction cost is continuously increased under the condition that the current construction workers are basically in the demander market, the site waste and the garbage are more, and the construction progress and the quality safety are directly influenced. Because of the objective existence of the construction process, a plurality of construction intermittences occur, normal running construction cannot be formed, various workers, particularly a steel bar worker, a template worker and a concrete worker cannot be intensively and compactly constructed, and even the wall body building construction is carried out before the initial setting of the concrete strength, so that the horizontal member of the secondary structure is seriously damaged. Even if a general assembly type wall body is adopted for construction, the edge reinforcing structure requirements of positions such as door and window openings and the like are difficult to meet (unless construction reinforcing measures are additionally designed), and the subsequent problems of wall body cracks, unreliable door and window fixing and the like can occur. How to find or invent a construction method which is convenient to operate, accelerates progress, reduces cost, ensures quality and safety, saves energy and protects environment is a goal pursued by all people in the field of buildings.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a construction method of a horizontal component of a secondary structure of a building engineering wall, which realizes synchronous construction with wall building blocks in a mortar masonry mode, realizes the effects of uninterrupted construction and centralized batch concrete pouring by matching with processing, distribution or centralized processing of reinforcing steel bars, has reliable quality, safe construction, energy conservation and environmental protection, greatly increases the construction progress and improves the impression quality.

the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a construction method of a secondary structure horizontal component of a building engineering wall body is characterized in that,

a. Designing and industrially customizing a lintel cement template, a windowsill coping combined template and a horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement template, wherein the lintel cement template is of a strip-type groove structure, and cement pins are axially fixed in grooves of the lintel cement template; the windowsill coping combined template consists of a windowsill coping main die, a windowsill coping middle insertion die and a windowsill coping outward-protruding baffle, wherein the bottom of the windowsill coping main die is provided with a T-shaped connecting band between windowsill coping vertical dies, the long edge of the T-shaped connecting band between the windowsill vertical-pressing dies is vertically provided with a windowsill outward-protruding vertical die, the short edge of the T-shaped connecting band between the windowsill vertical-pressing dies is vertically provided with a windowsill inward-protruding vertical die, the connecting band between the windowsill vertical-pressing dies, the windowsill inward-protruding vertical die and the windowsill outward-protruding vertical die are integrated cement templates, the windowsill middle insertion die in the windowsill vertical-pressing form is of a flat plate structure, strip-shaped insertion holes are longitudinally processed in a plate body of the windowsill insertion die, splayed insertion slots are processed in the middle position of the lower part of the windowsill vertical-pressing form, and the windowsill; the two sides of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement template are provided with L-shaped cement templates which are arranged in parallel, and cement connecting plates connected with the L-shaped cement templates are arranged in the middle of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement templates at intervals;

b. Wall and secondary structure pay-off

positioning and paying off are carried out before the construction of the wall body and the secondary structure horizontal component, the bottom elevation of a horizontal flat belt or ring beam, the bottom elevation of the beam and the elevation of a windowsill are determined according to the design and standard requirements, and the reserved plugging height of the top wall body and the top elevation of a bottom leveling layer are calculated and determined according to the principle of the positive modulus of the height of the wall body building blocks;

c. Secondary structure horizontal component steel bar anchoring

According to the elevation of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam, the elevation of the beam bottom and the elevation of the windowsill, the horizontal flat belt or ring beam stressed steel bars connected with the horizontal flat belt or ring beam, the windowsill coping steel bar framework and the connecting steel bars of the lintel stressed steel bars are planted and anchored in the main structural member of the primary structure of the building engineering, according to the height of the wall body preset building block and the elevation of the bottom leveling layer top, and according to the principle of the height positive modulus of the wall body building block, the connecting ribs for anchoring the wall body tie bars are planted behind the middle part of the cement mortar joint;

d. Construction of horizontal flat belts or ring beams

Building the infilled wall according to the principle of positive height modulus of the wall building blocks, and bonding and building a horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement formwork when the infilled wall is constructed to the designed bottom elevation position of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam;

after the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement formwork of each construction section is built, a horizontal flat belt or ring beam steel reinforcement framework is installed, whether the horizontal flat belt or ring beam concrete is poured or not is determined according to the number of the designed concrete of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam, if the concrete amount is small, pouring is not economical, the construction of the masonry can be continued on the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement formwork, but concrete pouring ports are reserved at certain intervals, and if the concrete can be poured in batch in a centralized mode, the horizontal flat belt or ring beam concrete is poured in time;

e. Windowsill coping construction

the wall body with the windowsill coping is also provided with a horizontal flat belt which is connected with the coping in a normal condition, and the horizontal flat belt is connected and anchored with the primary structure main body. When the infilled wall is constructed to the bottom elevation of the designed bottom of the horizontal flat belt or the bottom position of the designed elevation of the windowsill, a bonding windowsill coping main mold is firstly built; after the windowsill coping main mold construction is finished, a bonding horizontal flat belt cement template is built, and a horizontal flat belt steel reinforcement framework, a windowsill coping steel reinforcement framework and windowsill coping picking steel reinforcements are synchronously installed; according to the principle that the outer edge of a window frame is consistent with the outer edge of the upper wing end of the windowsill coping inserting die, the windowsill pressing and inserting die penetrates through a windowsill pressing steel bar framework and is inserted into the windowsill coping inserting die, and polymer cement mortar is pre-coated on the bottom of the windowsill pressing and inserting die before the windowsill pressing and inserting die is inserted;

after the windowsill coping template, the horizontal flat band cement template and the steel reinforcement framework thereof are installed in each construction section, concrete is poured in time, and the windowsill coping overhanging baffle is bonded and laid on one side of the windowsill coping main mold in advance;

f. Lintel construction

For the wall body provided with the ring beam and the lintel simultaneously, the method of replacing the lintel by the ring beam is preferably adopted, when the infilled wall is constructed to the design bottom elevation of the horizontal ring beam, a cement template for bonding the ring beam is firstly built, when the cement template for the ring beam is constructed to the position of the door and window opening, the cement template for the ring beam at the disconnected position is firstly disconnected, the cement template for the ring beam can extend out of the edge of the door and window opening, and the edge of the door and window opening can not be formed;

then, a ring beam steel reinforcement framework is installed and can be suspended when meeting a door and window opening, then a ring beam cement template at a disconnected position is installed, the continuously connected ring beam cement template is connected with the ring beam steel reinforcement framework through a cement connecting plate which is connected with an iron wire and penetrates through two L-shaped cement templates at the bottom of the ring beam cement template, a temporary support and a horizontal bakelite template are additionally arranged to level the continuously connected ring beam cement template, then a cement mortar is adopted to bond and seal a side seam of the ring beam cement template, and concrete is poured in time after the installation is finished;

For the independent construction of the lintel when no ring beam is required or the ring beam and the lintel are not constructed simultaneously, when the construction of the infilled wall reaches the elevation of the lintel bottom, firstly, adhesive lintel cement formworks are built on the upper surfaces of the brickworks at the edges of the door and window openings, after the two lintel cement formworks at the edges of the door and window openings are installed, a lintel reinforcement cage formed by combining lintel stress steel hoops and lintel stirrups is installed, the lintel reinforcement cage is in a suspended state, then, binding and connecting iron wires on cement pins of the lintel cement formworks needing to be installed subsequently in advance, hoisting the lintel cement formworks to the lintel reinforcement cage in a suspended position, and firmly connecting the connecting iron wires with the lintel reinforcement cage;

And arranging a temporary support under the lintel, leveling the bottom of the subsequently installed lintel cement template by adjusting the height, then adopting cement mortar to bond and block splicing gaps at the bottom and two side surfaces of the subsequently installed lintel cement template, and pouring concrete in time after the installation is finished.

the invention can also be realized by the following measures:

One or two rows of cement pins are fixed in the groove of the lintel cement formwork along the axial direction.

The invention has the advantages that the cement formwork of the secondary structure horizontal member replaces the application of the traditional bakelite formwork, the synchronous construction of the same process and the same method of the secondary structure horizontal member and the wall building block is realized, the construction of all construction procedures such as wall masonry, formwork installation of the secondary structure horizontal member, steel bar installation, simple reinforcement, concrete pouring and the like can be independently completed only by a single work of a masonry worker, the construction procedures such as sealing slurry, installing the bakelite formwork by the formwork worker, installing the steel bar by the steel bar worker, pouring concrete by the concrete, removing the bakelite formwork by the formwork worker, waiting for the concrete to reach certain strength and the like required by the traditional construction process are eliminated, the construction progress is greatly accelerated, the labor cost is effectively reduced, the formwork loss, the waste and the garbage after the formwork removal are eliminated, the phenomenon that the concrete is damaged due to insufficient strength is avoided, the quality is reliable, and the construction, The construction is safe, energy-saving and environment-friendly, and the inherent defects caused by the traditional construction process of the wall body are thoroughly overcome.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a lintel cement formwork of the present invention.

fig. 2 is a side view of fig. 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the lintel installation of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3 according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the sill coping template of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the sill coping master mold of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the windowsill coping middle insert mold of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the sill coping installation of the present invention.

fig. 9 is a schematic view of a horizontal flat band or ring beam concrete form of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the horizontal flat belt or loop beam installation of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the invention shown in FIG. 10B-B.

in the drawing, 1, a lintel cement formwork, 2, strip jacks, 3, cement pins, 4, lintel stirrups, 5, lintel stressed steel bars, 6, connecting iron wires, 7, supporting square timber, 8, cement mortar joints, 9, brickwork, 10, temporary supports, 11, a windowsill capping outward-picking baffle, 12, a windowsill capping inward-standing mould, 13, a windowsill capping outward-standing mould, 14, a windowsill capping inter-standing mould connecting belt, 15, slots, 16, an L-shaped cement formwork, 17, a windowsill capping intermediate-inserting mould, 18, windowsill capping concrete, 19, a windowsill capping picking steel bar, 20, a cement connecting plate, 21, a filling wall, 22, a windowsill capping, 25, a windowsill capping steel bar framework, 26, a window frame, 30, a frame beam, 34, a horizontal flat belt or ring beam, 36, a mortar leveling layer, 38, a horizontal flat belt or ring beam steel bar framework.

Detailed Description

Cement formwork design and manufacture

The lintel cement formwork 1, the windowsill coping formwork, the horizontal flat belt or the ring beam cement formwork are designed and industrially customized, and the following requirements are met: the wall thickness of the cement template is 15mm, the concrete strength grade is not lower than C25, and the size deviation of the template is +/-1 mm; the lintel cement formwork 1 should have cement dowels 3 (threaded steel bars). The lintel cement formwork 1 is of a strip-type groove structure, and one row or two rows of cement pins 3 are axially fixed in the groove of the lintel cement formwork 1; the windowsill coping template consists of a windowsill coping main die, a windowsill coping middle insert die 17 and a windowsill coping outer overhanging baffle 11, wherein the bottom of the windowsill coping main die is provided with a T-shaped windowsill coping vertical die connecting band 14, the long edge of the T-shaped windowsill coping vertical die connecting band 14 is vertically provided with a windowsill coping outer vertical die 13, the short edge of the T-shaped windowsill coping vertical die connecting band 14 is vertically provided with a windowsill coping inner vertical die 12, the windowsill coping upright mould connecting band 14, the windowsill coping inner vertical die 12 and the windowsill coping outer vertical die 13 are integrated cement templates, the windowsill coping middle insert die 17 is of a flat plate structure, a strip-shaped jack 2 is longitudinally processed on the plate body of the windowsill coping middle die, a splayed slot 15 is processed at the lower middle position of the windowsill insert die, and the windowsill coping outer overhanging baffle 11 is of a trapezoidal structure; the two sides of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement template are provided with L-shaped cement templates 16 which are arranged in parallel, and cement connecting plates 20 which are connected with the L-shaped cement templates 16 are arranged in the middle of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement templates at intervals.

Wall and secondary structure pay-off

positioning and paying off are carried out before the construction of the wall body and the secondary structure horizontal component, the design bottom elevation of a horizontal flat belt or a ring beam 34, the elevation of a beam bottom (including the beam bottom), and the design elevation of a windowsill are accurately determined according to the design requirements of a drawing, and then the reserved plugging height (adjustable) of the top wall body and the top elevation of a bottom mortar leveling layer 36 are calculated and determined according to the elevation and the principle of the positive height module (the height of a building block and the thickness of a mortar joint) of the wall body building block.

Secondary structure horizontal component steel bar anchoring

According to the designed bottom elevation of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam 34, the elevation of the beam bottom (including the beam bottom) and the designed elevation of the windowsill, the horizontal flat belt or ring beam (the stress steel bar, the windowsill coping steel bar framework 25 and the connecting steel bar of the lintel stress steel bar 5) connected with the horizontal flat belt or ring beam is planted and anchored in the main structural component of the primary structure of the building engineering. According to the height (adjustable) of the reserved plugging of the wall body and the top elevation of the bottom mortar leveling layer 36, according to the principle of the positive modulus of the height of the wall building blocks (building block height + mortar joint thickness), wall body tie bars are planted behind the middle part of the mortar joint 8.

Construction of horizontal flat belts or ring beams 34

the infilled wall 21 can be built according to the principle of the positive modulus of the height of the wall building blocks (building block height + mortar joint thickness) by finely adjusting the thickness of the cement mortar joint 8 according to the dimensional deviation of the masonry 9 material, when the infilled wall 21 is constructed to the designed bottom elevation position of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam, the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement formwork starts to be bonded and built, and the mortar joint thickness is equal to the thickness of the cement mortar.

When the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement template is bonded and built, the mortar joint of the wall building block below the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement template is staggered by at least 200mm, and the corresponding horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement template is reasonably selected according to the size of the lower building block during building. The modulus in the length direction can be adjusted at the position of the wall-attached constructional column, can extend into the wall-attached constructional column by 20-30 mm, can also have a gap of 20-30 mm away from the wall-attached constructional column, and can be blocked by cement mortar; if no wall-attached constructional column is arranged, the edges of the vertical members of the main body structures on the two sides of the wall body can be adjusted, and the cement template can be cut on site if necessary.

When the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement template is built, necking ash is adopted, the construction is preferably carried out by adopting a method of firstly batching ash and then bonding the bonding surface of the template, and when the method of firstly laying cement mortar and then bonding the template is adopted, the laying width of the mortar is not less than 10mm away from two side edges of the template, so that the influence of excessive extrusion of the mortar on the combination of the concrete and the wall body or the waste and pollution caused by falling to the ground is prevented; if the mortar is extruded, the mortar is collected by a cleaver immediately and then concentrated on the upper surface of the wall building block to be made into a mortar cushion block of the reinforcing steel bar.

After the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement formwork of each construction section or work class is built, a horizontal flat belt or ring beam steel reinforcement framework 38 is installed, and whether the concrete of the horizontal flat belt or ring beam 34 is poured or not is reasonably determined according to the designed concrete quantity of the finished horizontal flat belt or ring beam 34. If the concrete amount is small, the pouring is not economical, the construction of the masonry 9 can be continued on the horizontal flat belt or ring beam cement formwork, but concrete pouring openings need to be reserved at certain intervals. If mass pouring of concrete can be concentrated, the concrete of the horizontal flat belt or the ring beam 34 should be poured in time.

Windowsill coping 22 construction

The height position of the windowsill coping 22 is usually designed to be provided with continuous horizontal flat belts, and if the windowsill coping is independently arranged, wall cracks are easy to generate, so that the continuous connection arrangement of the windowsill coping 22 and the horizontal flat belts needs to be confirmed in design communication.

For the wall body with the windowsill coping 22, when the filler wall 21 is constructed to the position of the windowsill coping bottom under the design bottom elevation of the horizontal flat belt or the ring beam 34 or the design elevation of the windowsill, a windowsill coping master mold for bonding the windowsill coping part is firstly built so as to ensure the accurate position of the windowsill coping 22; the number of the windowsill coping main molds needed for splicing is reasonably determined according to the width size of the windowsill during building, the windowsill coping main molds are not allowed to be cut, and the splicing width can be a little larger than the size required by design and specification but cannot be smaller than the width size required by the design and specification;

the windowsill coping main die can be constructed by adopting a mortar spreading method, the mortar spreading range does not exceed the bonding surface of the template, extruded mortar is collected and gathered by adopting a cleaver immediately, and then a part is concentrated on the upper surface of a wall building block to be made into a strip-shaped or point-shaped mortar cushion block of a reinforcing steel bar.

And after the windowsill coping main die construction is finished, the horizontal flat belt cement template is laid and bonded, and the construction method of the horizontal flat belt cement template is the same as that of the horizontal flat belt or the ring beam.

After the windowsill coping main mold and the horizontal flat band cement templates at two sides are built to achieve certain strength, the horizontal flat band or ring beam steel reinforcement framework 38 and the windowsill coping steel reinforcement framework 25 are synchronously installed, the horizontal flat band steel reinforcement can be arranged in a full length mode or can be disconnected at the windowsill coping 22 position, and when the horizontal flat band steel reinforcement is disconnected, the horizontal flat band steel reinforcement framework is anchored into the windowsill coping steel reinforcement framework 25 and is not less than 300 mm; the stirrup of the windowsill coping reinforcement cage 25 and the longitudinal stressed main reinforcement can be simply and temporarily bound and fixed; after the horizontal flat band steel bars, the windowsill coping steel bar framework 25 and the windowsill coping picking-out steel bars 19 are installed, the horizontal flat band steel bars, the windowsill coping steel bar framework 25 and the windowsill coping picking-out steel bars 19 penetrate through the windowsill coping steel bar framework 25 to be inserted into the windowsill coping inserting die 17 according to the principle that the outer edge of a window frame 26 is consistent with the outer edge of the upper wing end of the windowsill coping inserting die 17, and 3-5 mm of polymer cement mortar is pre-smeared at the bottom of the windowsill coping inserting die 17 before the window.

When the strip-shaped jack 2 of the windowsill coping inserting die 17 collides with the stirrup of the windowsill coping reinforcing steel bar framework 25, the stirrup can be loosened and fine adjusted, and smooth insertion and bonding of the windowsill coping inserting die 17 are ensured. The splayed inserting groove 15 reserved at the bottom of the windowsill coping inserting die 17 is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, so that the windowsill coping inserting die is relatively stable in connection with the connecting band 14 between the windowsill coping vertical dies, and the bonding effect of polymer cement mortar at the bottom does not need to be independently reinforced. If the wall body is provided with a plurality of windowsill pressure tops, the windowsill pressure top insertion die at the end part of the wall body is firstly installed, and after the insertion die is fixed, the pull-through line is pulled and then the windowsill pressure top insertion die at the middle part is installed.

The windowsill coping concrete 18 should be poured simultaneously with the horizontal flat belt concrete on both sides, and the concrete should be poured in time after the installation of the windowsill coping template, the horizontal flat belt cement template and the steel reinforcement framework thereof in each construction section is completed. In order to prevent the early construction of the windowsill coping cantilever baffle 11 from being easily damaged, the bonding masonry of the windowsill coping cantilever baffle 11 can be constructed before the windowsill coping concrete 18 is poured, and polymer cement mortar is adopted for bonding so as to ensure the bonding strength.

Lintel construction

generally, according to design and specification requirements, a wall body with the height of more than 4m is generally provided with a ring beam, if the wall body is provided with the ring beam, the ring beam is preferably arranged in continuous connection with a door and window lintel, and therefore, the continuous connection relationship and the practice of the two are required to be confirmed in communication with the design.

synchronous and continuous connection construction of lintel and ring beam

For the wall body provided with the ring beam and the lintel simultaneously, the ring beam is preferably adopted to replace the lintel, namely, the elevation of the bottom of the ring beam is designed to be consistent with the elevation of the bottom of the lintel, and the lintel can be used for realizing the function of the lintel by continuously constructing the ring beam. When the construction of the infilled wall 21 is carried out to the designed bottom elevation of the horizontal flat belt or the ring beam 34, a ring beam cement formwork is firstly constructed and bonded, the construction of the ring beam cement formwork is the same as that of the horizontal flat belt or the ring beam, when the ring beam cement formwork is constructed to the position of the door and window opening, the ring beam cement formwork can be firstly disconnected, and the ring beam cement formwork at the disconnected position can be extended out of the edge of the door and window opening or can not extend out of the edge of the door and window opening.

And then a horizontal flat belt or a ring beam steel reinforcement framework 38 is installed, and the ring beam steel reinforcement framework is arranged in a through length mode and can be suspended in the air when meeting the door and window opening. And then installing the ring beam cement templates at the disconnected positions, connecting the cement connecting plates 20 between the two L-shaped cement templates 16 at the bottoms of the ring beam cement templates with the horizontal flat belts or the ring beam steel reinforcement frameworks 38 through connecting iron wires so that the ring beam steel reinforcement frameworks hang the continuously connected ring beam cement templates, then additionally arranging temporary supports and the horizontal bakelite templates to level and stabilize the continuously connected ring beam cement templates, and then adopting cement mortar to bond and block the side joints of the ring beam cement templates. Or the bakelite template can be directly prepared and supported without adopting a ring beam cement template to finish the template installation of the part by adopting a traditional loose splicing mode.

For the independent construction of the lintel when no ring beam is required or the ring beam and the lintel are not constructed simultaneously, the independent construction of the lintel is generally divided into three conditions, one is that both ends of the lintel are placed on the masonry 9, the other is that one end is placed on the masonry 9, the other end is placed on the vertical concrete member, and the other is that both ends are placed on the vertical concrete member. The second case with greater difficulty in operation will be described below.

When the filler wall 21 is constructed to the elevation of a beam bottom (including the lintel bottom), considering that the length of a laying wall body of the lintel is not less than 240mm, firstly, the bonded lintel cement formwork 1 is built on the upper surfaces of brickworks 9 on two sides of the edge of a door and window opening, and the length of the concrete laying wall body is determined on site according to the design width of the door and window opening and the splicing modulus of the lintel cement formwork on the premise of meeting the requirement of not less than 240mm, wherein the laying length can be a little bit larger, and the cutting of the cement formwork is avoided as much as.

After two lintel cement formworks at the edge of the door and window opening are installed, a lintel reinforcement cage formed by combining a lintel stress steel hoop 5 and a lintel stirrup 4 is installed, one end of the lintel reinforcement cage is firmly connected with installation steel bars of vertical concrete members or post-planted anchoring steel bars, the other end of the lintel reinforcement cage is placed on the lintel cement formwork 1 at the edge of the door and window opening, and the lintel reinforcement cage is in a suspended state. Then, binding and connecting iron wires 6 on cement pins 3 (threaded steel bars) of the lintel cement template 1 which is installed subsequently in advance, hoisting the lintel cement template 1 to the suspended position of the lintel reinforcement cage, and firmly connecting the lintel cement template with the lintel reinforcement cage through the connecting iron wires 6.

Then arranging a temporary support 10 under the lintel, wherein the temporary support 10 adopts a steel top column with higher rigidity, the top of the temporary support is matched with an inserted adjustable steel top support, 50 x 70 support square timbers 7 are additionally arranged in a U-shaped groove at the top end of the steel top support, the bottom of the subsequently installed lintel cement template is flat by adjusting the height of the steel top support, and then polymer cement mortar or common cement mortar is adopted to bond and block template splicing gaps at the bottom and two side faces of the subsequently installed lintel cement template. After the lintel formwork and the steel bars are installed, concrete is poured in time, and the number of horizontal members of the secondary structure synchronously poured with the lintel concrete is planned on site.