阅读说明：本技术 建筑新风营造法 (Building fresh air construction method ) 是由 黄锦庆 于 2018-05-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：建筑新风营造法。即,建筑外围护体系及新风系统营造方法。创立：1,建筑学专业建筑外围护体系营造方法；2,暖通专业新风系统营造方法。对于前述1项而言,关键是对传统观念的突破。即,将传统意义上集通风、采光于一体的窗,将其通风、采光两种功能彻底分拆、分立,通风归通风,采光归采光,各自由与之相对应的构造方式实现。通风功能由风口来实现,采光功能由光栅来实现；建筑外围护体系的其余实体部分沿袭传统构造方式,包涵墙和屋面。对于前述2项而言,关键是,在各类民用建筑中,彻底摒弃机械正压管道输送新风的营造方式,精简系统,以机械负压(管道)排风系统取代。前述1项的方法,为此提供了设置于建筑外围护体系周边上的充分而必要的风口。(Building fresh air construction method. Namely, a building outer enclosure system and a fresh air system construction method. Establishing: 1, a method for constructing a peripheral protection system of a professional architecture; 2, a method for constructing a heating ventilation professional fresh air system. For item 1 above, a breakthrough to traditional ideas is crucial. Namely, the window integrating ventilation and lighting in the traditional sense is completely separated and separated in ventilation and lighting functions, and the ventilation, the return ventilation and the lighting are realized by corresponding structural modes respectively. The ventilation function is realized by an air opening, and the lighting function is realized by a grating; the rest of the entity of the building outer enclosure system follows the traditional construction mode, including the wall and the roof. For the 2 items, the key is that in various civil buildings, the construction mode of conveying fresh air by a mechanical positive pressure pipeline is thoroughly abandoned, and a system is simplified and replaced by a mechanical negative pressure (pipeline) exhaust system. The method according to item 1 above, for which sufficient and necessary air ports are provided on the periphery of the building envelope system.)

1. Chen's fresh air construction method, namely the construction method of the building outer enclosure system and the fresh air system; the method is characterized in that: the ventilation and lighting functions of windows in the traditional building outer enclosure system are thoroughly separated, and air ports and gratings are respectively replaced on the specific structure; the 'air port' has triple functions of ventilation, rain resistance, air purification and air volume adjustment; "tuyeres" are generally equivalent in construction thickness to walls; the specific construction is shown in detail in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 25-26, fig. 27, fig. 28; the grating has the functions of lighting, sight line and light inlet quantity regulation; the structure is double-layer or three-layer frameless transparent glass, and the built-in, external and built-in dimming shutters or curtains; see fig. 13, 14 for details.

2. The method is different from the traditional centralized air port wind collection and the mode of sending fresh air by a positive pressure pipeline; building indoor fresh air is supplied by air openings around a building peripheral protection system, indoor unidirectional air flow is organized in a negative pressure pipeline air exhaust mode, and the indoor unidirectional air flow is directly discharged to the outside; meanwhile, the traditional natural ventilation mode is compatible.

The grating can be combined with the solid part to form a part of a wall in the traditional sense, such as various curtain walls; can also be combined with the 'tuyere' to become a part of the 'window' in the traditional sense; furthermore, the transparent glass used as the "grating" is frameless, fixed, and only when a large area of the glass pane is divided, structural support members are added.

Technical Field

The building fresh air construction method, namely the construction method of the building outer enclosure system and the fresh air system, is a systematic and innovative construction design and engineering construction method.

Background

Break through the traditional concept

Human civilization evolves in the atmospheric space of the earth's surface, faces to the multiterminal nature of change, in order to maintain self safety and survival welfare, encloses a space from nature with "wall" and "roofing", is used for keeping out the wind and keeping out the rain, resists various nature infringements; meanwhile, a window is required to be arranged on a wall or a roof to ventilate and exchange air so as to meet physiological requirements. Before people enter an industrialized society, "windowing" is often a necessary technical means for meeting indoor lighting and sight requirements.

For hundreds of years, human beings use local materials and create colorful building forms. The "walls" and "roofs" are usually solid bodies with "windows" opened thereon to ventilate and exchange air, and even to meet the sight requirements, and gradually solidified into our cultural idea through long-term engineering practice. Namely, the wall and the roof are fixed and non-transparent solid bodies, and the requirements of ventilation, lighting and sight can be met only by opening windows. However, since the revolution of the human industry, new materials and construction methods have emerged. The wall body is like a glass curtain wall, and the roof is like a glass ceiling, so that the lighting can be realized, and the sight requirement can be met. The basic construction forms of such walls and roofs are: frame + glass plate. Thus, the ventilation and lighting functions of "fenestrations" in the conventional sense, and "lighting" is not required.

Crossing professional barriers

The indoor space separated by the building outer protective system is always necessary to ventilate and exchange air with the outside. Since the industrial revolution, the division of professions is increasingly delicate, and ventilation and air exchange of buildings are handled by two professions. An exterior enclosure system of a building designed by an architect usually windows on an exterior wall, and naturally ventilates by opening and closing a glass window sash; or, the openable transparent glass plate is arranged on various curtain walls to form indoor and outdoor natural ventilation. Under the condition of no natural ventilation or the condition of needing to carry out indoor full air conditioning, a heating ventilation mechanical engineer opens an air collecting opening on the building peripheral protection system and conveys fresh air indoors in a pipeline mechanical air supply mode. Therefore, the design and construction of the fresh air system seem to be perfectly solved by combining the strength of two professions.

However, as outdoor air pollution becomes more serious, the window sash is opened for natural ventilation, and pollutants come along; moreover, if the outdoor is in a steady weather state, natural ventilation cannot be realized. Then, the pipeline mechanical air supply mode of centralized air collection and purification conventionally used in engineering is possible at the initial stage of putting the building into use. Along with the lapse of time, more and more pollutants are gathered to the pipeline inner wall of carrying new trend, cause the secondary pollution of new trend system, and this kind of phenomenon is called pipeline air supply system's "cancer". In engineering technology, no solution is available at present. And the pipeline air supply system occupies most of the effective building space.

From the perspective of mechanical engineers, the way of sending fresh air to any place by pipelines is a simple and direct method; from the perspective of an architect, under the condition that natural ventilation cannot be achieved, the problem is solved by a heating ventilation mechanical engineer; therefore, the fatal problems existing in the fresh air system can be ignored.

The invention provides a systematic solution for the cross-professional problem. The method is suitable for architects and warming mechanical engineers, and aims to solve the problems of the indoor fresh air system of the building from the design source.

Disclosure of Invention

Building fresh air construction method, namely a building outer enclosure system and a fresh air system construction method.

Establishing: 1, building method of architecture professional building outer enclosure system

2, construction method of heating ventilation professional fresh air system

For any building, the method is free from the diversification of the form and the numerous and diverse internal use functions; for an exterior protection system of a building enclosing an internal space, three basic components, namely an entity unit, a lighting unit and a ventilation module, can be analyzed. The term "ventilation module" rather than "ventilation unit" refers to a relatively "physical unit" and "lighting unit" and, in most cases, has a smaller area.

Defining: w-building external enclosure system covering wall, roof, door and window openings

T-ventilation module, called tuyere for short, with the functions of rain-proof, ventilation, purification and air quantity regulation. The structure is usually three layers, namely a rain-proof ventilating shutter, an air purifying plate and an air quantity regulating measure

The U-lighting unit is called as a grating for short, and has the functions of lighting, sight line and light quantity adjustment. The structure is frameless three-layer (or double-layer) hollow glass, and the light quantity adjusting shutter or curtain is arranged in the hollow glass, the external shutter or the double-layer hollow glass is arranged in the hollow glass, and the light quantity adjusting shutter or curtain is arranged in the hollow glass

V-solid unit, corresponding to the opaque solid parts of wall and roof, with firm, durable, heat-insulating and heat-insulating performance. The structure of the building is that the traditional masonry is made of masonry, reinforced concrete is cast in place, and various composite walls and roofs are made of the reinforced concrete.

Then: w = T + U + V

Or: f (W) = F (T) + F (U) + F (V)

Various doors as an entrance can be understood as an openable structure of a solid part in the ventilation sense, and if the doors are normally closed, the airtight design is strengthened; if the door is a normally open door, the indoor and outdoor air communication is isolated by technical measures such as arrangement of an automatic door, a door hopper, addition of an air curtain machine and the like.

the method brings architectural speciality and an innovative construction method for the building outer enclosure system. Naturally results in: completely eliminates the technical method of taking the opening and closing of the transparent glass window sash as a ventilation means.

T, U and V can be combined randomly, such as:

T + U, constitutes a "window" in the conventional sense, but is fundamentally different from a "window" in the conventional sense. Because the T- - -tuyere and the U- - -grating are freely combined after being completely separated, the details are shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 11, FIG. 12, FIG. 16, FIG. 17, FIG. 20 and FIG. 21; whereas the traditional "window" is: the frame and the glass are used for ventilation by opening and closing the additional window sash.

T + V, the "wind gap" can be combined with arbitrary vertical wall, and is totally separated with daylighting unit. See figure 16 for details.

U + V, forming various glass curtain walls and lighting ceilings; or on various physical walls. See fig. 25, 26, 27, 28 for details.

T, U, V fit any geometric form, and thus do not affect any form of creative of architects.

the invention is characterized in that the lighting and ventilation functions of the 'window' are thoroughly separated, the frameless glass unit is used for lighting, the independent air opening is used for ventilation, the material consumption is simplified, the joints on the traditional 'window' and 'wall' structure are greatly reduced, and the 'air tightness' of the building outer enclosure system is strengthened at the source of design. The precondition is created for energy conservation in the using process of the building.

The invention is also characterized by the series of construction measures focusing on the design of the 'tuyere' and the combination of the 'tuyere' with the lighting unit and the solid unit, as detailed in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 8, fig. 9, fig. 11, fig. 12, fig. 16, fig. 17, fig. 20, fig. 21.

The invention is also characterized by the fresh air flow organization within the building room. Because the structure of the air port has the functions of ventilation, rain resistance and purification, natural ventilation can be carried out as long as the outdoor air pressure difference exists; even in typhoon rain, sand storm or serious pollution state, the air is ventilated naturally as usual. If the outdoor is in a static weather state or the temperature difference between the indoor and the outdoor is large, the ventilation quantity needs to be controlled for indoor air conditioning, and mechanical ventilation is adopted, air is fed from air ports arranged on the periphery of a building peripheral protection system in a pipeline negative pressure air exhaust mode, unidirectional air flow is organized, and the unidirectional air flow is exhausted out of the room through a vertical pipe shaft or is directly exhausted out of the room at a proper distance from an air inlet. See fig. 7, fig. 10, fig. 15, fig. 18, fig. 19, fig. 22, fig. 23, fig. 24 in detail.

The present invention is also characterized by that it completely abandons the normal positive pressure pipeline air supply mode in existent building engineering, not only can completely eliminate secondary pollution resulted from pollutant accumulation due to long-term use of pipeline itself, but also can greatly reduce occupied effective space of building compared with air supply pipeline, so that it can correspondingly increase effective indoor use space and raise economic efficiency of building engineering.

The invention is also characterized in that the frame material of the grating is simplified, the ventilation pipeline system is simplified, and the effective utilization rate of the building space is improved. The air is fed from an air port distributed on an outer enclosure system of the building, unidirectional air flow is organized, and under most conditions, the unidirectional air flow is matched with the distribution of personnel in the indoor space of the building; people have a phototropic character and are usually always located in light along the perimeter of a building. Compared with the existing engineering practice, the construction use performance is greatly improved under the condition of reducing the construction cost to a certain extent.

The invention is based on the current mature industrial technology, in particular the wide use of transparent plate glass and electrically driven fans, and the air purification technology of passive filtration. The novelty lies in the simplification, integration and system optimization of various technical means.

The invention has practical significance in that the invention can be used for newly-built buildings and can also be used for reconstructing the existing buildings. The building can be naturally ventilated or mechanically ventilated indoors and outdoors in any changeable outdoor atmospheric state; moreover, the natural ventilation or the mechanical ventilation can be the purification ventilation; therefore, the influence of outdoor air pollution on indoor air quality is fundamentally solved, the problem of fresh air in the use process of a building is thoroughly solved, and the indoor comfort level is greatly increased. Meanwhile, the ventilation quantity of the forced mechanical ventilation is controllable, and the air tightness of the building peripheral protection system is enhanced, so that the energy consumption in the using process of the building is obviously reduced, and the super energy-saving building is created. And the energy consumption and production balance in the building use process is finally realized by combining with renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy power generation systems and the like.

The invention is suitable for all types of civil buildings which need to be internally air-conditioned and are used by personnel, such as houses, dormitories, education, medical treatment, offices, old-age care, hotels, sports, traffic, business, catering, theaters, halls and the like; it is also suitable for industrial buildings with a large number of people and needing air conditioning. Especially for places with dense personnel such as education and medical buildings, the invention fundamentally solves the problem of the influence of outdoor atmospheric pollution on the physical and mental health of students in schools such as schools and schools in a passive protection mode; the unidirectional inline airflow organization also minimizes cross-spread of viruses in hospitals. The fresh air flow organization is one-way direct-discharging outdoor, so the fresh air flow organization is not suitable for occasions of performing pipeline backflow recycling on indoor air in operating rooms, clean rooms and the like.

The invention is a fundamental systematic technical method for the buildings with sustainable trend, and is a fully optimized and extremely practical technical support. Whether a new building or the existing building is modified, the invention has the following values: simple, effective and instant.

The invention has general value for the world building engineering world, and is a building fresh air system creation method originally created by Chinese architects and originated in the world.