阅读说明：本技术 一种环境风作用下典型建筑倒v形坡屋顶火蔓延实验模拟装置 (Typical building inverted V-shaped pitched roof fire spreading experiment simulation device under action of environmental wind ) 是由 熊涵予 胡隆华 张晓磊 任飞 朱楠 于 2019-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种环境风作用下典型建筑倒V形坡屋顶火蔓延实验模拟装置,包括供风系统、倒V形坡屋顶模拟实验台和数据采集处理系统。本实验模拟装置是专门针对环境风作用下典型建筑倒V形坡屋顶上表面发生火灾时屋顶角度对屋顶坡面上火焰形态、火焰蔓延速度、火焰热流分布以及火焰从迎风坡向背风坡蔓延判据的影响进行全面系统研究的小尺寸试验台。对于开展实际典型坡屋顶建筑火灾危险性的研究有重要的科学和应用价值,对优化坡屋顶建筑设计以降低其火灾危险性具有指导意义。(The invention discloses a typical building inverted V-shaped pitched roof fire spreading experiment simulation device under the action of environmental wind, which comprises a wind supply system, an inverted V-shaped pitched roof simulation experiment table and a data acquisition and processing system. The experimental simulation device is a small-size test bed which is specially used for carrying out comprehensive system research on the influence of roof angles on the flame form, the flame spread speed, the flame heat flow distribution and the flame spread criterion from an upwind slope to a leeward slope when the upper surface of the inverted V-shaped slope roof of a typical building is in fire under the action of environmental wind. The method has important scientific and application values for developing the research on the fire hazard of the actual typical pitched roof building, and has guiding significance for optimizing the design of the pitched roof building to reduce the fire hazard of the pitched roof building.)

1. The utility model provides a typical building V-arrangement pitched roof fire spreading experiment analogue means under environment wind effect which characterized in that: the experimental simulation device comprises: the system comprises an air supply system, an inverted V-shaped sloping roof simulation experiment table and a data acquisition and processing system; the air supply system comprises an air wall device arranged on one side of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof simulation experiment table, wherein a fan is arranged on the left side in a shell of the air wall device, and a plurality of arrays of rectification and flow stabilization pipes are fixed on the right side and used for providing uniform air flow; the inverted V-shaped sloping roof simulation experiment table comprises rectangular steel plate grooves with edges at two sides for forming a small-size sloping roof, wherein the edges can reduce the influence caused by side edge rolling and absorption, and solid fuel for combustion is placed in the grooves; the rectangular steel plate groove is provided with thermocouple matrix preformed holes for placing and fixing thermocouple matrixes for measuring the internal and surface temperatures of the solid fuel, and holes for installing heat flow meters are reserved in the areas, close to the top of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof, of the covered edges on the two sides of the rectangular steel plate groove; rectangular supporting bases are arranged at four corners below the rectangular steel plate groove and are placed in groove guide rails on the upper surface of the lifting platform device below, and different inclination angles required by the inverted V-shaped pitched roofs under different working conditions can be adjusted and fixed by adjusting the horizontal relative positions of the supporting bases on the left side and the right side; the height of the slope roof with the downward size can be adjusted by the lower lifting platform, so that the height of the windward slope and the height of the leeward slope of the slope roof test bed are maintained at the same vertical height relative to the wind wall device under working conditions of different angles; the data acquisition processing system comprises a temperature measuring system, a wind speed measuring system, a heat flow measuring system and an image acquisition system, wherein: the temperature measurement system is a thermocouple matrix arranged below a rectangular steel plate groove of the sloping roof simulation experiment table; the wind speed measuring system is a group of measuring points of transverse wind speed arranged between the wind supply system and the sloping roof simulation experiment table, the total number of the measuring points is three, the measuring points are positioned in the horizontal center of a fan tunnel of the wind supply system, and the three measuring points are uniformly arranged along the vertical direction of the fan tunnel; the heat flow measuring system is a radiation heat flow meter and a total heat flow meter which are arranged on the two sides of a rectangular steel plate groove of the inverted V-shaped sloping roof simulation experiment table and close to the top area of the inverted V-shaped sloping roof; the image acquisition system is characterized in that cameras are respectively erected on the front side and the right side of the sloping roof simulation experiment table and used for recording the side flame behavior above the solid fuel placed in the rectangular steel plate grooves on the two sides and the front flame behavior above the solid fuel placed in the rectangular steel plate groove on the right side in real time.

2. The simulation device for the fire spread experiment of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof of the typical building under the action of the environmental wind as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the slope roof simulation experiment table is made of stainless steel.

3. The simulation device for the fire spread experiment of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof of the typical building under the action of the environmental wind as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in order to research the working conditions of different slope roof angles, the inclination angles of the rectangular steel plate grooves on the two sides of the inverted V-shaped slope roof simulation experiment table can be adjusted, and the height of the inverted V-shaped slope roof simulation experiment table in the vertical direction can be kept in the center of the cross section of the air supply system air wall device by adjusting the height of the lifting table at the bottom of the rectangular steel plate grooves, so that a stable air supply air speed value is maintained.

4. the simulation device for the fire spread experiment of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof of the typical building under the action of the environmental wind as claimed in claim 1, wherein: rectangular steel plate grooves on two sides of the inverted V-shaped sloping roof simulation experiment table for simulating a sloping roof are fixedly connected with a rectangular base at the bottom for fixing the angle of the sloping roof through bolts; the rectangular steel plate platform of the lifting platform below the simulated pitched roof is fixedly connected with the rectangular base through bolts.

5. The simulation device for the fire spread experiment of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof of the typical building under the action of the environmental wind as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in order to research the working conditions of the solid fuels on roofs made of different materials, the types of the solid fuels placed above the rectangular steel plate grooves on the two sides can be changed into different types of the solid fuels according to the working condition requirements.

6. The simulation device for the fire spread experiment of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof of the typical building under the action of the environmental wind as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the steel thermocouple matrix reserved hole is arranged below the rectangular steel plate grooves on the two sides of the simulated pitched roof, and the steel heat flow meter reserved hole is arranged on the side face of the top of the rectangular steel plate grooves on the two sides of the simulated pitched roof.

7. The simulation device for the fire spread experiment of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof of the typical building under the action of the environmental wind as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fan is provided with a speed regulating valve, and the wind speed can be regulated.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a simulation device for a fire spreading experiment of a typical building inverted V-shaped pitched roof under the action of environmental wind, which is used for researching the fire spreading behavior of the typical building pitched roof surface under the action of forced convection of horizontal wind.

background

china is a multi-national country, and minority villages are dense and a large number of wood structure buildings exist in the country. These buildings often lack the necessary fire planning and fire separation measures during construction, and have great fire safety hazards. Once a fire occurs, the fire rapidly spreads from the inside of the building to the outside of the building, rapidly spreads along the outer wall of the building to the roof under the action of buoyancy natural convection, and rapidly spreads along the roof of the building which is on fire to the roof of the unburnt building under the action of forced convection of ambient wind, so that once a fire occurs, the fire rapidly spreads for the wooden structure buildings which are often built in succession among villages.

the environmental wind is actually an important boundary condition in a real fire, namely, the Lijiang ancient city in 2013 is a fire, the fire building is a civil house with a brick-wood structure, after the fire occurs, the fire rapidly spreads by virtue of the wind, and the fire passing area is 2200 square meters; in 2014, the ancient city fire disaster of Yunnan Shanglira single gram is caused by the fact that most buildings are wooden, the fire spreads for more than ten hours by virtue of the wind, and the disaster area is 4 ten thousand square meters, so that 343 wooden house buildings are burnt. Not only the unique historical appearance of the Duke is seriously damaged, but also the economic loss of more than 1 hundred million yuan RMB is caused. In recent years, ancient village buildings in Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan and the like frequently suffer fire disasters, and huge casualties and economic losses are caused.

Slope is also an important factor affecting fire spread behavior. The existing research mainly focuses on the influence of the gradient on the spreading of solid fire on the surface, namely the gradient has great influence on the length of a pyrolysis area and a preheating area in the flame spreading process, the length of flame spread by downstream flame is slightly reduced and then gradually increased along with the increase of the placing angle, and the existing research is very limited about the spreading of flame from a windward slope to a leeward slope. The inverted V-shaped sloping roof is quite common in national villages, after a fire disaster occurs, under the action of environmental wind, flame is delayed to a leeward slope of the building roof through a windward slope of the building roof and then to an adjacent building tendril, and the flame burning behavior of solid combustible materials above the sloping roof greatly influences the whole fire spread.

However, because related research is limited, experimental data results and numerical simulation results of existing research cannot fully reveal fire behavior rules and a main control mechanism of fire spreading of typical building slope and roof under the action of environmental wind, and more importantly, a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are required to be mobilized in a full-scale building fire experiment, real experiment conditions are difficult to control, and the experiment is not easy to develop. Therefore, small-size experimental research meeting the similarity theory is developed, and the fire spreading behavior of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof of the typical building and the main control mechanism thereof under the action of environmental wind can be better revealed. Meanwhile, the small-size experiment has the advantages of easiness in control, good reproducibility, high reliability of the measurement result and the like.

disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a simulation device for a fire spreading experiment of an inverted V-shaped pitched roof of a typical building under the action of environmental wind, which aims to fully research the influence of a roof angle on the flame form, the flame spreading speed, the flame heat flow distribution and the flame spreading criterion from a windward slope to a leeward slope on the upper surface of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof of the typical building under the action of the environmental wind on the laboratory scale

The invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a typical building V-arrangement pitched roof fire spreading experiment analogue means under environment wind effect, includes air feed system, V-arrangement pitched roof simulation experiment platform and data acquisition processing system, wherein:

The air supply system comprises an air wall device arranged on one side of the sloping roof simulation experiment table, wherein a plurality of arrays of rectification and flow stabilization pipes are fixed on one side inside the air wall device and used for providing uniform air flow;

The inverted V-shaped slope roof simulation experiment table comprises rectangular steel plate grooves with edges at two sides of a small-size slope roof, the edges can reduce the influence caused by side edge rolling and suction, and solid fuel for combustion is placed in the grooves. The bottom of the rectangular steel plate groove is provided with a thermocouple matrix preformed hole for placing and fixing a thermocouple matrix for measuring the internal and surface temperature of solid fuel, and holes for installing a heat flow meter are reserved in the top area of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof on the side surfaces of the rectangular steel plate groove by wrapping edges on two sides. Rectangular steel plate groove has set up the rectangle on four angles in below and has supported the base, supports the base and places in the upper surface recess guide rail of below elevating platform device, supports the horizontal relative position of base through adjusting the left and right sides, can adjust and fix and be used for fixing the required different inclination of the V-arrangement sloping roof under the different operating modes. The supporting base is placed in a groove guide rail on the upper surface of the lifting platform device below. The height of the lifting platform below can be adjusted to ensure that the height of the windward slope and the height of the leeward slope of the pitched roof test bed are maintained at the same vertical height relative to the wind wall device under the working conditions of different angles.

the inverted V-shaped sloping roof simulation experiment table is made of stainless steel.

The slope roof simulation experiment table is characterized in that the slope roof simulation experiment table comprises a rectangular steel plate groove, a lifting platform and a lifting platform, wherein the rectangular steel plate groove is arranged on the two sides of the slope roof simulation experiment table, the lifting platform is arranged on the bottom of the rectangular steel plate groove, the height of the lifting platform in the vertical direction of the inverted V-shaped slope roof simulation experiment table is located in the center of the cross.

Rectangular steel plate grooves on two sides of the sloping roof used for simulating the sloping roof in the sloping roof simulation experiment table are fixedly connected with rectangular steel bars at the bottom of the sloping roof used for fixing the angle of the sloping roof through bolts; the rectangular steel plate of the lifting platform below the simulated pitched roof is fixedly connected with the long-strip angle steel through bolts.

Wherein, for the operating mode of studying different material roof solid fuel, the solid fuel type that the solid fuel type of placing above the rectangle steel sheet groove of both sides can require to change the solid fuel of different grade type according to the operating mode.

The steel thermocouple support is placed below the rectangular steel plate grooves on two sides of the simulated pitched roof.

Wherein, for the operating mode under the different environment wind speeds of research, the fan sets up the speed governing valve, and the wind speed is adjustable.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The device is of a detachable structure, the rectangular supporting bases are arranged at four corners below the rectangular steel plate groove and are placed in the groove guide rail on the upper surface of the lifting platform device below, and the horizontal relative positions of the supporting bases on the left side and the right side are adjusted and fixed to form different inclination angles, so that the working condition requirements of different working conditions are met, and the influence of different slope roof angle conditions on the flame spreading behavior of the slope roof surface under the action of environmental wind can be researched;

(2) the slope roof simulation device can be ensured to be positioned at the same horizontal height in the fan tunnel under the working conditions of different angles by adjusting the lifting platform consisting of the rectangular steel plate and the long angle steel, and the turbulence degree of the horizontal forced convection is kept to be the same;

(3) The speed regulating valve is arranged on the fan, so that the working condition of a small wind speed interval can be regulated, and the flame spread behavior of the upper surface of the pitched roof of the typical building under the action of forced convection of wind speeds in different environments is researched;

(4) The experimental process of the invention can be controlled, the operation of the experimental bench is convenient, and the use of the air supply system is flexible; the small-size test bed not only ensures the repeatability of the experiment, but also overcomes the defects of high cost of the full-size experiment and inaccurate numerical simulation tool, and can provide more accurate experiment results compared with a computer simulation method in a more economic way.

drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a typical building inverted V-shaped pitched roof fire spreading experiment simulation device under the action of environmental wind according to the present invention; in the figure: 1. a wind wall device housing; 2. a rectification stabilization section; 3. an anemometer; 4. a sloping roof simulation experiment table;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a sloping roof simulation experiment table in a typical building inverted V-shaped sloping roof fire spreading experiment simulation device under the action of environmental wind; in the figure: 5. a bottom lifting platform; 6. a heat flow meter; 7. a variable angle bolt; 8. a thermocouple; 9. a slope groove; 10. fixing the bolt; 11. a variable angle track groove; 12. a lifting platform fixing base; 13. a square base;

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of a sloping roof simulation experiment table in the simulation apparatus for a fire spread experiment of an inverted V-shaped sloping roof of a typical building under the action of environmental wind according to the present invention; in the figure: 14. a heat flow meter arrangement frame; 15. a thermocouple array frame;

FIG. 4 is a central cross-sectional view of the wind wall portion of the simulation apparatus for the fire spread experiment of the inverted V-shaped pitched roof of the typical building under the action of environmental wind according to the present invention; in the figure: 16. a fan; 17. a rectifier tube.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the simulation apparatus for a fire spreading experiment on an inverted V-shaped pitched roof of a typical building under the action of environmental wind in the embodiment includes a wind supply system, an inverted V-shaped pitched roof simulation experiment table and a data acquisition and processing system. The whole experiment simulation device is arranged as shown in figure 1, and the air supply system, the anemometer 3 and the sloping roof simulation experiment table 4 are respectively arranged from left to right. A camera frame is established in the dead ahead of abat-vent simulation experiment platform, and just to the position in the centre of laboratory bench level, and vertical height flushes with the position that is used for the rectangle billet of fixed abat-vent angle for shoot the flame spread action of record typical abat-vent upper surface. The other camera is arranged on the right side of the slope roof simulation experiment table and is right opposite to the horizontal center position of the leeward slope, the vertical height of the other camera is consistent with the top point of the slope, and the other camera is used for shooting and recording the spreading behavior of the flame front of the leeward slope on the top surface of the typical slope roof. The air supply system comprises an air wall device shell 1, a rectification stable section 2, a fan 16 and a rectification pipe 17.

Referring to fig. 2, the whole of the pitched roof simulation experiment table is composed of stainless steel plate components. A relative horizontal position through adjusting the square base 13 left and right sides can form different shape of falling V slope roof slope angle for simulating the both sides rectangle steel sheet groove (being slope recess 9) of pitched roof interconnect through variable angle bolt 7, slope recess 9 passes through fixing bolt 10 with the square base 13 that the bottom is used for fixed pitched roof angle to be connected, and square base 13 can slide in elevating platform upper surface variable angle track groove 11. Different solid fuels are placed above the slope groove 9, and the slope roof angle is changed based on different horizontal fixing positions, so that the influence of different slope roof angles on the solid fire spreading behavior of the upper surface of a typical slope roof building under the action of environmental wind is researched. The bottom elevating platform 5 that rectangle steel sheet and rectangular angle steel are constituteed is placed to the laboratory bench below, places electronic balance below the bottom elevating platform 5 for show in real time and record the remaining quality of solid fuel on the sloping roof simulation laboratory bench. Thermocouple 8 is distributed on the bottom surface of slope groove 9, heat flow meter 6 is distributed on the top side surface of slope groove 9, and thermocouple 8 and heat flow meter 6 are connected with slope groove 9 through bolts.

Referring to fig. 3, the thermocouple array frames 15 are arranged on the bottom plate of the slope groove 9 at the same interval from the highest of the slope groove 9 to the lowest of the slope groove 9, and are fixed by bolts. The heat flow meter arrangement frame 14 is arranged on the side of the slope groove 9 at the highest position of the slope groove 9 at the same interval, and is fixed by bolts.

Referring to fig. 4, the fan 16 is disposed at the left side of the inside of the wind wall device housing 1, the right side of the inside of the wind wall device housing 1 is the rectifying stable section 2, and the airflow generated by the fan 16 passes through the rectifying stable section 2 to provide a continuously stable wind speed.

When a typical building inverted V-shaped slope roof fire spreading experiment is carried out under the action of environmental wind, firstly, the slope angle of the experiment table is adjusted and fixed, the temperature measuring systems on the front surface and the back surface of the experiment table are arranged, and the heat flow measuring systems on the side surfaces of the experiment table are arranged. The solid fuel selected for the experiment is laid at the slope groove of the experiment table, the thermocouple on the bottom plate of the groove penetrates through the bottom of the solid fuel, is inserted into the thickness center of the solid fuel, and is fixed. And adjusting the position and shooting parameters of the camera. And starting the fan, and gradually adjusting to the experiment frequency. The bottom of the solid fuel is uniformly ignited by using an external gas fire source, the data measurement and acquisition system is started while the solid fuel is ignited, relevant experimental data are collected, and the camera records the flame spreading process and the flame form change condition. The typical building pitched roof fire spreading phenomenon and the main control mechanism under the action of environmental wind with different wind directions and wind speeds can be researched by adjusting the fan frequency and the wind direction control device, and the influence of the building roof angle and the type of the roof building material on the fire spreading can be researched by adjusting different inclination angles and the types of the solid fuels.

Parts of the invention not described in detail are well known in the art.