阅读说明：本技术 一种用于超视距无线通信的有源平面角分集天线 (Active plane angle diversity antenna for beyond-line-of-sight wireless communication ) 是由 梅立荣 郎磊 李阳 褚素杰 孙柏昶 张涛 周玉琪 于 2019-09-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于超视距无线通信的有源平面角分集天线,属于无线通信和天线技术领域。其包括M个天线子阵面、M个一分二功分器、2M个TR组件、第一波束控制模块、第二波束控制模块、2个一分M功分器、2个上下变频单元、2个中频收发单元、波束1处理电路、波束2处理电路以及角分集调制解调器。本发明天线采用有源调整方式将大功率收发信机的功率分解为多个小功率模块的合成,降低了收发信机的设计难度。该天线可根据使用需求进行模块化组装,角分集倍率根据实际使用条件进行灵活调整,极大地提高了角分集天线系统的使用灵活性,拓展了超视距无线通信产品的应用范围。(The invention discloses an active plane angle diversity antenna for beyond-the-horizon wireless communication, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas. The antenna comprises M antenna sub-array planes, M one-to-two power dividers, 2M TR components, a first beam control module, a second beam control module, 2 one-to-M power dividers, 2 up-down frequency conversion units, 2 intermediate frequency transceiving units, a beam 1 processing circuit, a beam 2 processing circuit and an angle diversity modem. The antenna of the invention adopts an active adjustment mode to decompose the power of the high-power transceiver into the synthesis of a plurality of low-power modules, thereby reducing the design difficulty of the transceiver. The antenna can be assembled in a modularized mode according to use requirements, the angle diversity multiplying power can be flexibly adjusted according to actual use conditions, the use flexibility of an angle diversity antenna system is greatly improved, and the application range of over-the-horizon wireless communication products is expanded.)

1. an active planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communications, characterized by: the antenna comprises a grid framework, M planar antenna sub-arrays (3), M one-to-two power dividers (4), 2 multiplied by M active TR transceiving components (5), a first beam control module (6) for forming the direction of a first angle diversity beam (1), a second beam control module (7) for forming the direction of a second angle diversity beam (2), two one-to-M power dividers (8), two up-down frequency conversion units (9), two intermediate frequency transceiving units (10), a first angle diversity beam processing circuit (11), a second angle diversity beam processing circuit (12) and an angle diversity modem (13);

The M planar antenna sub-array surfaces (3) form an array antenna (14) through rectangular arrangement, each planar antenna sub-array surface (3) is formed by a plurality of rectangular gap waveguide antenna unit arrays, the planar antenna sub-array surfaces (3) are of a rectangular flat antenna structure, and feed ports of the planar antenna sub-array surfaces are located on the back of an antenna radiation opening surface and are located at the geometric center of the rectangular flat antenna; the one-to-two power divider (4) is a rectangular module arranged on the back surface of the planar antenna sub-array surface (3), a combining port of the one-to-two power divider (4) is connected with a feed port of the planar antenna sub-array surface, and two branch ports of each one-to-two power divider (4) are respectively connected with two active TR transceiving components (5) at the rear end; the planar antenna subarray is fixed in each grid of the grid frame;

The first beam control module (6), the second beam control module (7), the first angle diversity beam processing circuit (11) and the second angle diversity beam processing circuit (12) are all FPGA modules; the transmitting power of the active TR transceiving component (5) is synthesized by space power, so that the equivalent transmitting effect is improved by M times;

when receiving signals, electromagnetic wave signals from the space are received through a planar antenna sub-array surface (3), the received signals are transmitted to a one-to-two power divider (4) at the rear end, the one-to-two power divider (4) divides the signals into two paths, wherein the signals of a first branch are transmitted to an active TR transceiving component (5) at the rear end, a first angular diversity wave beam (1) is formed to point to required amplitude and phase under the control of a first wave beam control module (6), and the signals subjected to amplitude and phase shifting are subjected to low-noise amplification through a receiving channel in the active TR transceiving component (5) and then are output; the signal of the second branch is sent to an active TR transceiver module (5) at the rear end, under the control of a second beam control module (7), the amplitude and the phase required by the pointing direction of a second angle diversity beam (2) are formed, and the signal after amplitude and phase shift processing is output after low-noise amplification through a receiving channel in the active TR transceiver module (5); the beam signals of the M amplified first branches are sent to one M power divider (8) at the rear end for synthesis, and the beam signals of the M amplified second branches are sent to the other M power divider (8) at the rear end for synthesis; the synthesized two paths of signals are respectively sent to down-conversion channels of corresponding up-down conversion units (9) for down-conversion treatment, the treated signals are sent to receiving branches of corresponding intermediate frequency transceiving units (10) at the rear end for intermediate frequency amplification, and the signals after intermediate frequency amplification are sent to an angle diversity modem (13) at the rear end for demodulation treatment after being treated by a first/second angle diversity beam treatment circuit, so that communication demodulation is completed;

When a signal is transmitted, a modulation signal from an angle diversity modem (13) is transmitted by a first angle diversity beam processing circuit (11) and a second angle diversity beam processing circuit (12), and then is sent to a transmitting branch of a corresponding intermediate frequency transceiving unit (10) for amplification, the amplified signal is sent to an up-conversion channel of an up-down conversion unit (9) at the rear end of each modulation unit for up-conversion, the processed signal is sent to a M power divider (8) corresponding to the rear end for power division, the M power divider (8) divides the signal into M paths, and the M paths are sent to M first branches or M second branches at the rear end respectively, so that the signal is processed by an active TR transceiving component (5) at the rear end to complete the control of the amplitude and the phase of the signal; the active TR transceiver component (5) in the first branch is controlled by a first beam control module (6) according to the amplitude and the phase required by the direction of the formed first angle diversity beam (1), and the active TR transceiver component (5) in the second branch is controlled by a second beam control module (7) according to the amplitude and the phase required by the direction of the formed second angle diversity beam (2); after the amplitude and phase shift control of the active TR transceiver module (5), the signal is amplified by a transmitting branch in the active TR transceiver module (5); the amplified first branch signals and the amplified second branch signals are paired pairwise, each pair of signals are sent to a one-to-two power divider (4) to be combined, the combined signals are sent to corresponding plane antenna sub-array planes (3), and the plane antenna sub-array planes (3) transmit the signals to the space.

2. An active planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first/second beam control modules are used for adjusting the amplitude and phase of the corresponding active TR transceiver components (5) so as to generate the pointing directions of the first/second angular diversity beams which satisfy the angular diversity relation, wherein the adjustment of the phase follows the following relation:

，

Wherein d is the spacing between the planar antenna sub-arrays (3) and λ is the signal wavelength of the first or second angularly diversity beam for the adjusted phase difference.

3. an active planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the included angle theta between the first angle diversity beam (1) and the second angle diversity beam (2) meets the beam width relation of 0.75-1 times.

4. An active planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pointing direction of the first angle diversity beam (1) is controlled in the direction of 0 degrees of the normal of the array surface, and the pointing direction of the second angle diversity beam (2) is controlled in the direction of 0.75-1 beam width deviated from the direction of 0 degrees of the normal of the array surface.

5. An active planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first angularly diverse beam (1) is directed in a direction of multiple beam width from the direction of 0 ° from the normal to the wavefront, and the second angularly diverse beam (2) is directed in a direction of multiple beam width from the direction of 0 ° from the normal to the wavefront.

6. an active planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: the active TR transceiver component (5) comprises a numerical control attenuator (21), a digital phase shifter (15), a first duplexer (16), a power amplifier (17), a low-noise amplifier (18), a limiter (19), a second duplexer (22) and a power supply interface (20); the power supply interface (20) is used for supplying power to the active TR transceiving component (5);

When signals are transmitted, the first beam control module (6) and the second beam control module (7) calculate the amplitude and the phase required by beam pointing, and control the numerical control attenuator (21) and the digital phase shifter (15) to respectively adjust the amplitude and the phase, the adjusted signals pass through the first duplexer (16), then enter a power amplifier (17) of a transmitting channel to be amplified, and then are sent to an antenna module at the rear end through the second duplexer (22) to be transmitted;

when signals are received, the signals sequentially enter an amplitude limiter (19) and a low noise amplifier (18) of a receiving channel through a second duplexer (22), after amplification, the signals are sent to a numerical control attenuator (21) and a digital phase shifter (15) at the rear end through a first duplexer (16), and the numerical control attenuator (21) and the digital phase shifter (15) adjust the amplitude and the phase of the signals according to the control of a first beam control module (6) and a second beam control module (7), so that a first angle diversity beam direction and a second angle diversity beam direction meeting an angle diversity relation are generated.

Technical Field

the invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas, and particularly relates to an active plane angle diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication.

Background

In beyond visual range wireless communication, because the channel is a diffusion fading channel, the received signal has serious fading, in order to resist the fading of the communication system, the signal is received by adopting a diversity method, the common and practical method is space diversity, and the special effect of resisting the fading of the beyond visual range wireless communication system by adopting the space diversity has better effect, but the required number of antennas is large, the volume is large, and the lightening and the maneuvering performance of the communication equipment are not facilitated to be improved. The communication equipment adopting the angle diversity antenna can realize the performance of two or more antennas by using one antenna, thereby not only reducing the volume and the weight of the equipment, but also reducing the system cost to a certain extent.

at present, the traditional angle diversity antenna is realized by adopting a parabolic antenna through designing the structural form of an angle diversity feed source, and the multiplying power of the angle diversity feed source cannot be adjusted in subsequent use after being determined, so that the performance debugging is difficult; in addition, the parabolic antenna feed source supporting structure is long, the storage height of the antenna during loading is high, the antenna is inconvenient to use, and the use scene of the antenna is greatly limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide an active planar angular diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication, where the angular diversity magnification of the antenna can be flexibly adjusted, and the power of a high-power transceiver is decomposed into a plurality of small-power modules by using an active adjustment method, so as to reduce the design difficulty of the transceiver.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

An active plane angle diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication comprises a grid framework, M plane antenna sub-arrays 3, M one-to-two power dividers 4, 2 xM active TR transceiving components 5, a first beam control module 6 for forming the direction of a first angle diversity beam 1, a second beam control module 7 for forming the direction of a second angle diversity beam 2, two one-to-M power dividers 8, two up-down frequency conversion units 9, two intermediate frequency transceiving units 10, a first angle diversity beam processing circuit 11, a second angle diversity beam processing circuit 12 and an angle diversity modem 13;

The M planar antenna sub-array surfaces 3 form an array antenna 14 through rectangular arrangement, each planar antenna sub-array surface 3 is formed by a plurality of rectangular arrangement gap waveguide antenna unit arrays, the planar antenna sub-array surface 3 is a rectangular flat antenna structure, and a feed port of the planar antenna sub-array surface is positioned on the back surface of an antenna radiation opening surface and positioned at the geometric center of the rectangular flat antenna; the one-to-two power divider 4 is a rectangular module installed on the back of the planar antenna sub-array surface 3, a combining port of the one-to-two power divider 4 is connected with a feed port of the planar antenna sub-array surface, and two branch ports of each one-to-two power divider 4 are respectively connected with two active TR transceiving components 5 at the rear end; the planar antenna subarray is fixed in each grid of the grid frame;

The first beam control module 6, the second beam control module 7, the first angle diversity beam processing circuit 11 and the second angle diversity beam processing circuit 12 are all FPGA modules; the transmitting power of the active TR transceiving component 5 is synthesized by space power, so that the equivalent transmitting effect is improved by M times;

When receiving signals, electromagnetic wave signals from the space are received through the planar antenna sub-array surface 3, the received signals are transmitted to the one-to-two power divider 4 at the rear end, the one-to-two power divider 4 divides the signals into two paths, wherein the signals of the first branch are transmitted to the active TR transceiving component 5 at the rear end, the first angular diversity wave beam 1 is formed to point to the required amplitude and phase under the control of the first wave beam control module 6, and the signals after amplitude and phase shifting are subjected to low-noise amplification through a receiving channel in the active TR transceiving component 5 and then are output; the signal of the second branch is sent to the active TR transceiving module 5 at the rear end, an amplitude and a phase required for the pointing of the second angle diversity beam 2 are formed under the control of the second beam control module 7, and the signal after amplitude and phase shift processing is output after low-noise amplification through a receiving channel in the active TR transceiving module 5; the beam signals of the M amplified first branches are sent to one M-division power divider 8 at the rear end for synthesis, and the beam signals of the M amplified second branches are sent to the other M-division power divider 8 at the rear end for synthesis; the synthesized two paths of signals are respectively sent to the down-conversion channels of the corresponding up-down frequency conversion units 9 for down-conversion treatment, the treated signals are sent to the receiving branches of the corresponding intermediate-frequency transceiving units 10 at the rear end for intermediate-frequency amplification, and the signals after intermediate-frequency amplification are sent to the angle diversity modem 13 at the rear end for demodulation treatment after being treated by the first/second angle diversity beam treatment circuits, so that communication demodulation is completed;

during signal transmission, after the modulation signals from the angle diversity modem 13 are transmitted and processed by the first angle diversity beam processing circuit 11 and the second angle diversity beam processing circuit 12, the signals are respectively sent to the corresponding transmitting branches of the intermediate frequency transceiver unit 10 for amplification, the amplified signals are sent to the up-conversion channels of the up-down frequency conversion unit 9 at the respective rear ends for up-conversion processing, the processed signals are sent to the corresponding one-division-M power divider 8 at the rear end for power division, the one-division-M power divider 8 divides the signals into M paths, and the M paths are respectively sent to the M first branches or the M second branches at the rear end, so that the M paths are processed by the active TR transceiver component 5 at the rear end to complete amplitude and phase control of the signals; the active TR transceiver component 5 in the first branch is controlled by the first beam control module 6 according to the amplitude and phase required for forming the first angle diversity beam 1 to point, and the active TR transceiver component 5 in the second branch is controlled by the second beam control module 7 according to the amplitude and phase required for forming the second angle diversity beam 2 to point; after the amplitude and phase shift control of the active TR transceiver module 5, the signal is amplified by a transmitting branch in the active TR transceiver module 5; the amplified first branch signal and the amplified second branch signal are paired pairwise, each pair of signals is sent to a one-to-two power divider 4 for synthesis, the synthesized signals are sent to corresponding planar antenna sub-array surfaces 3, and the signals are transmitted to the space by the planar antenna sub-array surfaces 3.

Further, the first/second beam control module is configured to adjust the amplitude and phase of the corresponding active TR transceiver component 5, so as to generate the pointing direction of the first/second angle-diversity beam satisfying the angle-diversity relationship, wherein the adjustment of the phase follows the following relationship:

，

Where d is the spacing between the planar antenna sub-arrays 3 and λ is the signal wavelength of the first or second angularly diversity beam for the adjusted phase difference.

furthermore, the included angle theta between the first angle diversity beam 1 and the second angle diversity beam 2 satisfies the beam width relationship of 0.75-1 times.

Further, the pointing direction of the first angle diversity beam 1 is controlled in the direction of 0 DEG of the normal of the wavefront, and the pointing direction of the second angle diversity beam 2 is controlled in the direction of 0.75-1 beam width deviated from the direction of 0 DEG of the normal of the wavefront.

further, the first angularly diverse beam 1 is directed in a direction of a multiple beam width from the direction of 0 ° from the normal to the wavefront, and the second angularly diverse beam 2 is directed in a direction of a multiple beam width from the direction of 0 ° from the normal to the wavefront.

further, the active TR transceiver component 5 includes a digitally controlled attenuator 21, a digital phase shifter 15, a first duplexer 16, a power amplifier 17, a low noise amplifier 18, a limiter 19, a second duplexer 22, and a power supply interface 20; the power supply interface 20 is used for supplying power to the active TR transceiver component 5;

When a signal is transmitted, the first beam control module 6 and the second beam control module 7 calculate the amplitude and phase required by beam pointing, and control the numerical control attenuator 21 and the digital phase shifter 15 to respectively adjust the amplitude and phase, the adjusted signal enters the power amplifier 17 of a transmitting channel through the first duplexer 16 to be amplified, and then is sent to the antenna module at the rear end through the second duplexer 22 to be transmitted;

When receiving signals, the signals sequentially enter the amplitude limiter 19 and the low noise amplifier 18 of the receiving channel through the second duplexer 22, are sent to the numerical control attenuator 21 and the digital phase shifter 15 at the rear end through the first duplexer 16 after being amplified, and the numerical control attenuator 21 and the digital phase shifter 15 adjust the amplitude and the phase of the signals according to the control of the first beam control module 6 and the second beam control module 7, so that a first angle diversity beam direction and a second angle diversity beam direction meeting an angle diversity relationship are generated.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The antenna of the invention adopts an active adjustment mode to decompose the power of the high-power transceiver into the synthesis of a plurality of low-power modules, thereby reducing the design difficulty of the transceiver.

2. When the antenna is actually used, the antenna can be assembled in a modularized mode according to use requirements, the angle diversity multiplying power is flexibly adjusted according to actual use conditions, the use flexibility of an angle diversity antenna system is greatly improved, and the performance of the over-the-horizon wireless communication system is further improved.

3. The antenna can adopt a modular design, can be assembled according to requirements, and can effectively reduce the loading and storing height.

drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the entire antenna array of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of one of the sub-arrays of FIG. 2;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the TR transceiver module of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.

as shown in fig. 1, an active planar angle diversity antenna for over-the-horizon wireless communication includes M antenna sub-arrays 3, M one-to-two power dividers 4, 2M TR transceiving components 5, a first beam control module 6 required for forming a first angle diversity beam 1 to be directed, a second beam control module 7 required for forming a second angle diversity beam 2 to be directed, 2 one-to-M power dividers 8, 2 up-down conversion units 9, an intermediate frequency transceiving unit 10, a first angle diversity beam processing circuit 11, a second angle diversity beam processing circuit 12, and an angle diversity modem 13. The active plane angle diversity antenna array surface 14 is composed of M sub array surfaces 3, the number of M is determined by the array surface gain required by the system, and flexible assembly can be carried out; each sub-array 3 is formed by an array of 16 x 16-scale gap waveguide antenna element groups.

The planar angular diversity antenna 14 and the sub-array 3 are made of light metal materials.

in order to achieve a higher antenna gain (greater than 44 dBi) and a better angle diversity effect, the planar angle diversity antenna 14 requires that an included angle θ between the first angle diversity beam 1 and the second angle diversity beam 2 formed by the planar angle diversity antenna 14 satisfies a multiple beam width relationship, that is, θ 3dB is a beam width of an antenna beam.

in order to achieve a better angle diversity effect of the planar angle diversity antenna 14, the first angle diversity beam 1 and the second angle diversity beam 2 meeting the angle diversity requirement can be formed in the horizontal (azimuth) direction and the vertical (elevation) direction of the array plane of the planar angle diversity antenna 14.

The included angle θ between the first angle diversity beam 1 and the second angle diversity antenna beam 2 satisfies a beam width relationship of multiple, and can be realized by two ways: the first way is to control the pointing direction of the first angle diversity antenna beam 1 in the direction of 0 ° from the normal of the array surface and the pointing direction of the second angle diversity antenna beam 2 in the direction of 0 ° from the normal of the array surface; the second way is to steer the first angularly diverse antenna beam 1 in a direction 0 deg. from the normal to the wavefront and the second angularly diverse antenna beam 2 in a direction 0 deg. from the normal to the wavefront.

The first angular diversity antenna beam 1 is formed by the combined action of M antenna sub-arrays 3, M one-to-two power dividers 4, M TR transceiving components 5, a first beam control module 6, one-to-M power divider 8, an up-down frequency conversion unit 9, an intermediate frequency transceiver 10 and a first angular diversity beam processing circuit 11. Specifically, according to the relationship between the beam width and the beam angle required for forming the angle diversity performance, the amplitude and the phase of the M TR transceiver components 5 are adjusted by the first beam control module 6, and the first angle diversity beam direction meeting the angle diversity relationship can be flexibly generated according to the relationship.

The second angle diversity antenna beam 2 is formed by the combined action of M antenna sub-arrays 3, M one-to-two power dividers 4, M TR transceiving components 5, a second beam control module 7, one-to-M power divider 8, an up-down frequency conversion unit 9, an intermediate frequency transceiver 10 and a beam 1 processing circuit 12. Specifically, according to the relationship between the beam width and the beam angle required for forming the angular diversity performance, the amplitude and the phase of the M TR transceiver modules 5 are adjusted by the second beam control module 7, and the second angular diversity beam direction meeting the angular diversity relationship can be flexibly generated according to the relationship.

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a planar angular diversity antenna array. The antenna array consists of 4 × 4 sub-arrays. The planar angular diversity antenna array 14 is made of lightweight metal. The light metal antenna array can reduce the weight of the antenna and increase the structural strength of the antenna.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sub-array structure. The subarray is formed by a 16 x 16 scale array of gap waveguide antenna elements. The sub-array surface 3 is made of light metal material.

The rear end of each sub-array surface 3 is connected with an active TR transceiver module 5, so that after the transmitting power of each TR transceiver module is synthesized by space power, the equivalent transmitting effect is improved by M times, namely 10log (M) dB. Therefore, the power requirement of high power can be decomposed into power synthesis of the small-power TR transceiver component 5 during system design, and the design difficulty of the power amplifier is reduced. Meanwhile, the overall performance of the system can be improved under the condition of unchanged high power.

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the components of the TR transceiver module of the present invention. The TR transceiver module 5 is composed of a digitally controlled attenuator 21, a digital phase shifter 15, a first duplexer 16, a power amplifier 17, a low noise amplifier 18, a limiter 19, a second duplexer 22, and a power supply interface 20.

When a signal is transmitted, the first beam control module 6 and the second beam control module 7 control the numerical control attenuator 21 and the digital phase shifter 15 to process the signal according to the calculated amplitude and phase required by the beam pointing direction, the processed signal enters the power amplifier 17 of the transmission channel through the first duplexer 16 for amplification, and then is sent to the antenna module at the rear end through the second duplexer 22 for transmission.

When receiving signals, the signals enter the amplitude limiter 19 and the low noise amplifier 18 of the receiving channel through the second duplexer 22, are sent to the numerical control attenuator 21 and the digital phase shifter 15 through the first duplexer 16 after being amplified, and the first beam control module 6 or the second beam control module 7 controls the numerical control attenuator 21 and the digital phase shifter 15 to perform corresponding processing on the signals according to the amplitude and the phase required by the calculated beam pointing direction, so that a first angle diversity beam pointing direction and a second angle diversity beam pointing direction meeting the angle diversity relation are generated.

The gain of the first angle diversity antenna beam 1 and the second angle diversity antenna beam 2 in the above embodiments is greater than 44dBi, the beam width is about 0.9 °, and the antenna is used for over-the-horizon wireless communication systems capable of realizing wireless communication on the order of hundreds of kilometers or more.

in a word, the active plane angle diversity antenna for the beyond-the-horizon wireless communication adopts a plane active modular design, can be assembled as required, and can reduce the loading and collecting height. The angle diversity factor of the antenna can be flexibly adjusted, and the power of a high-power transceiver can be decomposed into the synthesis of a plurality of low-power modules by adopting an active adjustment mode, so that the design difficulty of the transceiver is reduced. During the in-service use, can carry out the modularization equipment according to the user demand, the angle diversity multiplying power is adjusted according to the in-service use condition is nimble, has greatly improved angle diversity antenna system's use flexibility, both can alleviate equipment volume and weight, also can reduce system cost to a certain extent, can also further promote beyond visual range wireless communication system performance, has expanded beyond visual range wireless communication product's range of application.