阅读说明：本技术 牙髓销 (Dental pulp pin ) 是由 斯蒂芬·兰普尔 于 2018-03-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：带有基底销(2)的牙髓销(1),其中,基底销(2)具有用于将基底销(2)固定在自然牙根(4)中的根区域(3)和用于将牙冠饰面(6)固定在牙髓销(1)处和/或布置在自然牙冠(32)中的冠区域(5),并且基底销(2)由组合材料(7)构成,其具有至少一种有机粘合剂(8),其中,组合材料(7)具有作为填充物的玻璃颗粒(9)。(Endodontic pin (1) having a base pin (2), wherein the base pin (2) has a root region (3) for fixing the base pin (2) in a natural tooth root (4) and a crown region (5) for fixing a crown finish (6) on the endodontic pin (1) and/or arranged in a natural tooth crown (32), and the base pin (2) consists of a composite material (7) having at least one organic binder (8), wherein the composite material (7) has glass particles (9) as a filler.)

1. Endodontic pin (1) with a base pin (2), wherein the base pin (2) has a root region (3) for fixing the base pin (2) in a natural tooth root (4) and a crown region (5) for fixing a crown finish (6) at the endodontic pin (1) and/or for arrangement in a natural tooth crown (32), and the base pin (2) consists of a composite material (7) with at least one organic binder (8), characterized in that the composite material (7) has glass particles (9) as a filler.

2. The endodontic pin (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass particles (9) have or consist of barium glass and/or strontium glass and/or the glass particles (9) have silanized surfaces.

3. The endodontic pin (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the organic binder (8) has at least one methacrylate or is a methacrylate and/or the composite material (7) additionally has zinc oxide and/or at least one pigment and/or at least one catalyst and/or at least one additive as a filler.

4. The endodontic pin (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base pin (2) has a light infeed face (10) in the crown region (5) and is configured to be at least partially, preferably entirely, light-conducting for transmitting light fed in via the light infeed face (10) into the root region (3).

5. The endodontic pin (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said base pin (2), preferably its crown region (5), has a lens body preferably constituting a thickening (11) of said base pin (2).

6. The endodontic pin (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a root region (3) of the base pin (2) is configured as a cone tapering in a direction away from the crown region (5) and/or the root region (3) is configured as a body rotationally symmetrical about a longitudinal axis (12) of the base pin (2).

7. The endodontic pin (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the endodontic pin (1) has, in addition to the base pin (2), a facing structure (13), which preferably encloses a crown region (5) of the base pin (2) with its own circumferential edge closed, wherein it is preferably provided that the facing structure (13) has a higher opacity than the base pin (2).

8. the endodontic pin (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the facing structure (13) preferably forms a peripheral seal of a shoulder region (14) of the endodontic pin (1) that protrudes with respect to the root region (3) of the base pin (2), and/or the facing structure (13) is composed of the same composite material (7) as the base pin (2) or has such a composite material, except for a pigment.

9. The endodontic pin (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the base pin (2) and/or the possibly present facing structure (13) are configured as one piece by itself and/or the glass particles (9) are preferably fused to each other throughout the base pin (2) and/or throughout the possibly present facing structure (13).

10. Kit with at least one endodontic pin (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and at least one reamer (15), wherein the shape of the reamer (15) matches the shape of the root region (3) of the base pin (2) of the endodontic pin (1).

Technical Field

The invention relates to an endodontic pin with a base pin, wherein the base pin has a root region for fixing the base pin in a natural tooth root and a crown region for fixing a crown finish (zahnkroneverblending, sometimes referred to as crown covering) at the endodontic pin and/or for arranging in a natural tooth crown, and the base pin is composed of a composite material having at least one organic (sometimes referred to as biological) adhesive.

Background

In endodontics (part of the field of dentistry), the remaining remainder (Rest) of a natural tooth or of at least one natural root is used to fix a root pin or an endodontic pin with its root region in the root. The crown region of the endodontic pin is used to stabilize and/or otherwise augment the remaining remainder of the natural crown and/or to fix the crown finish at the crown region of the endodontic pin.

Endodontic pins constructed of different materials are known in the prior art. There are thus a wide variety of endodontic pins constructed of metal, such as titanium and the like. What is problematic here on the one hand is the mechanical properties of these metals which are still markedly different from natural dental substances. On the other hand, there is also the problem of organic compatibility of metals, since the intercalation of metal ions in the teeth and/or in the surrounding soft tissue (einlagerng) is a serious problem during this time.

Endodontic pins of this type are also known in the art, in which glass or carbon fibers are embedded in an organic binder. Experience has shown, however, that in the case of these fiber-reinforced synthetic materials fatigue phenomena and in particular separation of the fibers from the binder can occur.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is therefore to improve an endodontic pin of the type described above in such a way that it is as close as possible to natural tooth material in terms of its mechanical characteristics and is as durable as possible in this case.

For this purpose, the invention provides that the composite material has glass particles as filler.

The basic idea of the invention is thus to use a composite material or in other words a composite for producing endodontic pins, which material has an organic binder on the one hand and is filled with glass particles as filler on the other hand. It has been found that endodontic pins can be realized thereby which are very close to natural tooth substances in terms of their mechanical characteristics and also have sufficient durability. A preferred variant of the endodontic pin according to the invention has a bending strength in the range of 150Mpa (megapascals) to 250Mpa, preferably 180Mpa to 220Mpa, particularly preferably 200Mpa, as a finished product. The compressive strength of such endodontic pins is suitably in the range of 450 to 550MPa, preferably in the range of 500 to 550MPa, particularly preferably 550 MPa. The flexural modulus of such a compression pin is suitably in the range of 12GPa (gigapascal) to 25GPa, preferably 17GPa to 25GPa, particularly preferably 20 GPa. The surface hardness of the preferred endodontic pins is suitably in the range of 85HV (vickers hardness) to 120HV, preferably 90HV to 100HV, particularly preferably 95 HV. All these parameters can be according to EN ISO 4049; version 2010-03-1.

The particle size of the glass particles of the composite material is preferably in the range from 0.01 μm (micrometre) to 50 μm, particularly preferably in the range from 0.01 μm to 3 μm. The glass particles may be round, but may also have a different particle shape than this. The combined material preferably has glass particles with different particle sizes in the sense of being packed as closely as possible. The combined material may have glass particles of a single glass type, but may also have glass particles of different glass types. Suitably it is a so-called highly filled composite material or compound. The volume fraction of the glass particles in the finished endodontic or base pin is suitably at least 78 volume%, preferably at least 83 volume%, particularly preferably at least 90 volume%. The glass particles are preferably those which have or consist of barium glass and/or strontium glass. Suitably, the glass particles have a silanized surface. Barium glass and strontium glass are in particular materials which are not transparent to roentgen rays, so that the endodontic pins can also be imaged by means of roentgen radiographs after application in the teeth of a patient. If the glass particles themselves are transparent to the roentgen radiation, aluminum oxide or the like can be added as a further filler to the composite material in order to achieve a corresponding roentgen radiopacity and thus visibility in the roentgen image. Zinc oxide (ZnO) may be added as an additional filler to the combined material of the endodontic pins in order to obtain an antibacterial effect. Suitably, the volume fraction of zinc oxide in the endodontic pin, i.e. the finished product, is about 2-5%. The further filler of the combined material may be a pigment, i.e. a coloured substance and/or a catalyst and/or other additives for assisting the polymerisation of the organic binder.

The organic binder in a preferred embodiment variant of the invention has or consists of at least one methacrylate (metacrylat). Preferably, the organic binder has at least methacrylate as a major constituent.

As a composite material for producing the base or dental pulp pins, use can be made of, for example, the product available under the designation REF 2061 from indigo GmbH & co.kg (llc) of the intradermal beige (Pinneberg) of germany. The product comprises triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate), urethane (urethane), Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and ethoxylated Bisphenol A dimethacrylate (ethoxylated Bisphenol A dimethacrylate). As the organic binder, for example, REF 2050, a product of this company, can be used.

Endodontic pins are pins that can be placed into the pulp. The endodontic pins according to the present invention may also be referred to as rhizomes. The endodontic pins according to the present invention may be comprised of only a base pin. The endodontic pin according to the invention can however also have other components, such as for example a set of shell structures, which are also mentioned further below. The base pin has a root area anyway. It is the part of the base pin that is anchored in order to fix the base pin in the natural root. For this purpose, corresponding channels are usually realized in the natural root, for example by drilling, into which the root region of the base pin is inserted. The base pin additionally has a crown region. It is the part which is intended to be arranged in the region of a natural crown of a natural tooth or the majority of its remaining remnants. The crown region can then also be used for fixing the crown finish (in particular when no more or only the remainder remains in the natural crown). The endodontic pin according to the invention can then be used on the one hand to fix a crown veneer, i.e. an artificially realized crown or an artificially realized part of a crown, at a natural root. The endodontic pin according to the invention can however also be used to stabilize the rest of the natural dental crown and as an anchor for the artificial part of the dental crown to be supplemented if possible. In this sense, the crown finish can thus replace only parts of the natural crown but also the entire natural crown. In order to fix the root region of the base pin in the root canal, the nerve canal (mostly drilled far apart) originally present in the natural root canal is often used as a channel in order to fix the root region in the channel.

The endodontic pins or root pins according to the invention are preferably mass-produced in advance products that can be produced cost-effectively and can be used in a single treatment (Sitzung) by the dentist in the remaining roots or in the remaining natural teeth. Since the composite material of the endodontic pin according to the invention is very close to natural dental substances in its mechanical characteristics, it is possible to use drills, trimmers and the like, which are common in dentists, before the application of trimming (Eink fur) or corresponding shape matching, if necessary.

The root area of the base pin is preferably cemented or cemented in a fixing material or in other words cement (Zement) into the prepared and cleaned channel of the natural tooth root. The fixing material used for this purpose preferably has a composition similar to the combined material of the substrate pins. The fixing material is therefore also expediently a combined material with an organic binder and glass particles as filler. The organic binder of the fixing material can then preferably in turn have or consist of at least one methacrylate. Since the fixing material is in the uncured state, however, it should be liquid or at least pasty, it is expediently provided that the degree of filling, i.e. the volume fraction, of the filler, in particular of the glass particles, is less than in the case of the composite material of endodontic pins. The proportion of filler or, in particular, glass particles is, in the case of a fixing material, expediently between 45% and 65% by volume.

The organic binder fraction based on the fixing material can be polymerized by the action of light and thus hardened. In order to assist and reinforce the best possible and durable connection and rapid hardening of the fixing material, a particularly preferred variant of the endodontic pin according to the invention provides that the base pin has a light feed-in surface in the crown region and is designed to be at least partially, preferably completely, light-conducting for transmitting the light fed in via the light feed-in surface into the root region. In this embodiment, the base pin itself is used as a light guide, so that the light fed into the base pin via the light feed surface is guided to the fastening material via the base pin itself in order to reinforce the hardening of the fastening material.

In order to be configured so as to be correspondingly well light-conducting, the base pins in a preferred embodiment have at least in some areas, preferably completely, a relatively low degree of opacity, i.e. in other words a relatively high degree of translucency. The opacity of the substrate pins is preferably at least partially, preferably completely, in the range between 15% and 45%, preferably in the range from 25% to 30%, particularly preferably about 27%. The opacity (as also all the opacity mentioned next) can be determined according to DIN 6174. The light feed-in surface is expediently located at the end of the crown region of the base pin lying opposite the root region.

in order to deflect the light fed in via the light feed-in surface particularly well to the position required for hardening the fixing material or cement material, a preferred variant provides that the base pin has a lens body. The lens body is suitably located in the crown region of the base pin. Preferably, the lens body is configured as a thickened portion of the base pin. This means that the lens body then preferably has a larger diameter than not only the root region but also the remaining crown region of the base pin. The lens body can be identified by its refractive effect. The light fed in via the light feed-in surface is deflected in such a way that it is directed to the location required for hardening the fixing material. This is in particular the outer area of the root region of the base pin, such as the shoulder region of the endodontic pin, which can also rest against the remaining natural root, if present, as will be explained in more detail below.

In a preferred embodiment, the root region of the base pin is configured as a cone tapering in the direction away from the crown region. Preferably it is a root region that is rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the base pin. The cone body is suitably thus truncated cone or conical. The outer face of the root region of the substrate pin may have a certain roughness. However, there are preferably no structures such as threads or the like which are visible from the outside in the outer face of the root region of the base pin. In a preferred embodiment, it can thus be stated that the outer surface of the root region is smooth.

The endodontic pins according to the present invention may be constituted only by the base pin as described. However, other embodiments of the invention provide that the endodontic pins have a facing structure in addition to the base pin, which preferably encloses only the crown region of the base pin with its own circumferential edge closed. In this case, it is preferably provided that the jacket surface structure has a higher opacity than the base pin. The higher opacity of the shell structure relative to the base pin serves to achieve a crown that is as close in color as possible to the natural appearance of the crown, either completely or partially. The opacity of the facing structure is suitably in the range 50% to 80%, preferably 65% to 75%, particularly preferably about 70%.

The register structure can be made of the same composition material as the base pin or at least have such a material, in addition to the pigment (i.e., colored substance) required for coloring. For dyeing the composite material used for producing the shell structure, organic and/or also inorganic pigments known per se can be used, for example also white dyeings (Wei beta macher) such as TIO 2. The color may be coordinated such that the overall appearance of the veneer structure is as close as possible to the natural dentin in the patient's mouth. Expressed in the laboratory (Lab-Fabraum), the shell structure preferably has an L value of 59 to 69, and/or an a value of-0.35 to-3.2 and/or a b value of-0.4 to-6.95. The determination of the L, a and b values can be carried out as the determination of the opacity according to the presets of DIN 6174. In a preferred design of such an endodontic pin, a facing structure, which may also be referred to as a prosthetic facing structure, is provided to construct a shoulder region of the endodontic pin that protrudes from a root region of the base pin. The shoulder region is suitably configured to peripherally enclose the entire endodontic pin. The endodontic pins can be supported on the remaining natural root by the shoulder region.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the base pin is designed as a single piece. This preferably also applies to the jacket structure, if present. Monolithic here means manufactured from a casting or in one piece. In the base pin and, if appropriate, also in the jacket structure, no delimiting surfaces are then expediently present. The base pin is then preferably made of one piece and the combined material is preferably constructed the same everywhere within the base pin. The same also preferably applies to the jacket structure.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the endodontic pin according to the invention provides that the glass particles are fused to one another. The glass particles of the composite material of the endodontic pins can thus still be identified as such in the corresponding microscopic recordings, but are connected to one another by fusion and mutual fusion of their surfaces. This mutual fusing of the glass particles can be achieved by laser treatment of the base pins and, if appropriate, of the jacket surface structures, as is also explained in more detail below. The substrate pins and/or the jacket surface structures, if present, can be treated by this laser, which is recognizable where the glass particles fuse to one another. A stronger bond is also obtained by mutual fusion than by a pre-existing connection of the glass particles by means of a hardened organic binder. In a preferred design form, the glass particles are fused to one another throughout the base pin. This also applies to the jacket structure in the preferred embodiment, as long as it is present. It is then also expedient for the glass particles to be fused to one another throughout the jacket structure, if present.

In order to be able to realize a channel in the remaining natural root that is adapted to the root region of the base pin, a drill is expediently provided, which is adapted in its shape to the shape of the root region of the base pin. Here, matching means that the drill drills a hole or channel into the remaining natural root, which realises the space required for fixing the root area of the foundation pin together with the required fixing material therein. The shape of the drill then corresponds approximately to the shape of the root region of the base pin or may be slightly larger, in order to also achieve space for fixing the material. In this connection, the invention also relates to a kit with at least one, preferably a plurality of endodontic pins according to the invention and at least one reamer, wherein the shape of the reamer is matched to the shape of the root region of the base pin of the endodontic pin. Such a kit may of course also comprise a plurality of endodontic pins and, if desired, a plurality of drills adapted thereto. Additionally, the kit may further include a mating securing material. The drill may have a longitudinal stop and/or a preferably visible marking, whereby the drill is always drilled into the root of the tooth with an optimal length or depth.

Drawings

Preferred design forms of the endodontic pins according to the present invention, as well as further features and details regarding the method of their manufacture, are set forth in the accompanying description below by way of example. Wherein:

FIGS. 1 and 2 show two side views of a substrate pin according to the present invention from two directions of relative rotation through 90;

Figures 3 to 7 show different embodiments of endodontic pins according to the present invention with a base pin according to figures 1 and 2 and different facetted structures;

Figures 8 to 13 show examples of the application of endodontic pins from figures 1 to 7 in a tooth;

Figure 14 shows a schematic enlarged view of a composite material of endodontic pins according to the present invention;

Figures 15 and 16 show illustrations of the manufacturing method, and

FIG. 17 shows a schematic of a reamer with a shape that matches the shape of the base pin.

Detailed Description

The example of endodontic pins 1 according to the present invention shown in figures 1 and 2 consists of only base pins 2. The base pin 2 has a root region 3 and a crown region 5. The root zone 3 is arranged for fixation in a corresponding channel 33 in the root 4 remaining from the natural tooth. The crown region 5 of the base pin 2 is intended to be arranged in the natural crown or, when it is no longer present or is present only in part, to fix the crown finish 6 at the endodontic pin 1 or at the base pin 2. The root region 3 is configured as a cone tapering in the direction away from the crown region 5 and is configured rotationally symmetrically to the longitudinal axis 12 of the base pin 2. The crown region 5 of the base pin 2 can likewise be configured rotationally symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis 12 of the base pin 2. This is not the case in the embodiment shown, as shown by comparison of fig. 1 and 2. In fig. 2, this side view is shown by a direction rotated by 90 ° with respect to fig. 1. The crown region 5 ends in this exemplary embodiment in the light feed surface 10 on its side opposite the root region 3. In this embodiment, there is also a thickening 11 in the crown region 5, which constitutes the lens body. In a preferred embodiment, as shown here, the entire base pin 2 is of transparent or translucent design such that it guides light. This achieves that the light fed in via the light feed-in surface 10 is guided within the base pin 2 as far as into the root region 3. The thickened portion 11, which acts as a lens, refracts the light into the root region 3 and thus increases the light guiding effect. The lens formed by the thickened portion 11 can also be designed such that it directs the light not only into the root region 3 but also into the shoulder region 14 of the endodontic pin 1, which is shown in fig. 3 to 7 in a modified embodiment. This light-conducting design of the base pin 2 achieves a particularly good and rapid hardening of the fixing material 28, with which the root region 3 of the base pin 2 is fixed in the tooth root 4. The entire base pin 2 is constructed in one piece, i.e. from a casting. Which according to the invention consists of a composite material 7 with at least one organic binder 8 and glass particles 9 as filler. Furthermore, the composite material 7 can additionally have other fillers already mentioned at the outset. The glass particles 9 are expediently fused to one another and are thus fixedly and permanently connected to one another by the organic binder 8 arranged therebetween on the one hand and by the mutual fusion on the other hand. A structure of the base pin 2 is realized which has particularly advantageous mechanical features already mentioned at the outset.

In fig. 3 to 7, an embodiment of an endodontic pin 1 according to the present invention is shown, in which endodontic pin 1 has a base pin 2 and a facing structure 13, respectively. In all these embodiments, the respective jacket structure 13 peripherally encloses the crown region 5 of the respective base pin 2. The jacket surface structures 13 each have a higher opacity than the base pin 2 in the preferred embodiment. Each of these jacket surface structures 13 has a shoulder region 14, which is likewise of peripheral closed design here and projects relative to the root region 3 of the base pin 2. In all the exemplary embodiments according to fig. 3 to 7, this is an identically formed base pin 2, to which the sleeve-side bodies 13 are respectively applied in a manner still to be described below. In a preferred embodiment, the jacket structure 13 is composed of the same composite material 7 as the base pin 2, except for pigments, in order to increase the opacity, as shown here. The pigment is selected such that the color of the veneer structure 13 is as close as possible to the natural color of the dentin. The connection between the jacket surface structure 13 and the base pin 2 is also achieved by the hardening of the organic adhesive 8 of the jacket surface structure 13 in addition to the form fit. In addition, in a preferred embodiment, the glass particles 9 of the base pin 2 and of the jacket surface structure 13 are fused to one another in the transition region between the base pin 2 and the jacket surface structure 13.

The regions of the base pin 2 which are arranged in the design versions of fig. 3 to 7 within the jacket structure 13 (i.e. approximately the crown regions 5 of the base pin 2) are also only shown in fig. 3 to 7 by dashed lines, since they are not visible from the outside in the view shown. The exceptions therein form the light feed-in surfaces 10 of the substrate pins 2, respectively. It should be kept open from the jacket surface structure 13 in an externally accessible manner, so that light can be fed into the light feed surface 10 and transmitted via the thickening 11 acting as a lens into the root region 13 and preferably also into the shoulder region 14. The jacket surface structure 13, as well as the base pin 2, is preferably constructed in one piece, i.e. from a casting. Also in the case structure 13, the glass particles 9 of the composite material 7 are preferably connected to one another not only by the hardened organic binder 8 but also by fusion to one another. The set of facet structures 13 may be provided with magnification that can be used as the crown region 5 and/or the crown region 5 may be shaped to match the type of tooth to be specifically treated. In this way, the contact surface of the endodontic pin 1 with respect to the crown finish 6 can be enlarged approximately with respect to the crown region 5 of the base pin 2 by means of the set-top structure 13. In this embodiment variant of the invention, the crown finish 6 is then fixed to the crown region 5 of the base pin 2 just under the intermediate connection of the veneer structure 13, i.e. approximately indirectly. Furthermore, the jacket surface structures 13 can be adapted to the color of the respective portion of the endodontic pins 1 projecting from the tooth root 4 by means of a correspondingly colored design.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of endodontic pin 1 specifically configured for use with the upper anterior teeth. Figure 4 shows an embodiment variant of an endodontic pin 1 for the lower anterior teeth. Figures 5 and 6 show an embodiment variant of endodontic pins 1 for upper (figure 5) and lower (figure 6) premolars. Fig. 7 shows an embodiment variant for the lower posterior molars. For molars, it has proven to be expedient for the longitudinal axis 12 of the root region 3 of the base pin 2 to be oriented at an angle of expediently 79 ° to the upper cover face 29 of the socket structure 13.

The length 23 of the root area 3 of the base pin 2 is preferably in the range of 11mm to 13mm, preferably 12 mm. The length 24 of the crown region 5 of the base pin 2 is suitably between 3mm and 5mm, preferably 4 mm. The total length 22 of the substrate pin 2 is accordingly derived from the sum of the two values. At its lower end facing away from the crown region 5, the root region 3 expediently has a width 26 of between 1.0mm and 1.5 mm. Preferably, the end is blunt, i.e. not sharp. The width 27 at the end of the crown region 5 of the base pin 2 opposite the root region 3 is preferably between 1.8mm and 2.2mm, preferably 2 mm. In the case of a variant with a jacket structure 13 (as is shown in fig. 3 to 7, for example), the length 23 of the root region 3 can also be shortened to approximately 9mm to 11mm, preferably 10mm, relative to the base pin 2. The width 30 of the jacket structure 13 can vary in a preferred embodiment, for example, between 4mm and 9 mm. The length 31 of the jacket structure 13 can likewise vary, for example, between 4mm and 10 mm. The length is measured parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 and the width is measured perpendicular thereto.

In fig. 8 to 13, different teeth are now schematically shown, to which different embodiments of the endodontic pin 1 according to fig. 1 to 7 are applied. At least a sufficiently large portion of the natural root 4 must also be present in the tooth, so that the root region 3 of the endodontic pin 1 can be fixed in the preferably drilled-in channel 33 of the natural root 4. The original natural crown 32 may be completely or partially missing. The missing part of the crown 32 is replaced in fig. 8 to 13 by a corresponding crown veneer 6, i.e. a manually finished part. The crown finish 6 is fixed at the endodontic pin 1 either directly at the crown region 5 or indirectly with an intermediate coupling of the facing structure 13 at the crown region 5 according to an embodiment according to the invention. The tooth is shown in figures 8 to 13, respectively, transparently so that the endodontic pins 1 are visible in the interior of the natural tooth. Also disclosed in the schematic diagrams of these figures is which part of the crown 32 is still comprised of natural material and which part is replaced by the crown veneer 6. This can vary between a full replacement of the natural substance and a replacement of a relatively small portion of the natural substance, depending on the individual application, as described.

Fig. 8 shows the application of endodontic pins 1 according to fig. 1 and 2, which consist of only base pins 2. Fig. 9 shows the use of the endodontic pin 1 according to fig. 3, and fig. 10 shows the use of the endodontic pin 1 according to fig. 4. Fig. 9 and 10 are front teeth, respectively. Figures 11 and 12 show placement of endodontic pins from figures 5 and 6, respectively, in premolars. Fig. 13 shows a posterior molar tooth, in which the endodontic pin 1 according to fig. 7 is applied.

Shown is a natural root 4 into which a channel 33 is drilled. The respective endodontic pins 1 are glued or glued in the channel 33 by means of the fixing material 28. The fixing material 28 can be hardened by light introduction into the respective light feed-in surface 10 before the crown finish 6 is placed or the crown 32 is completed, since the base pins 2 of the respective light-conducting structures of the respective endodontic pins 1 guide the light required for accelerating the hardening of the fixing material 28 from the light feed-in surface 10 into the root region 3 and, if appropriate, also into the shoulder region 14 and thus directly into the fixing material 28. Once the respective endodontic pin 1 is accordingly fixed in the natural root 4, a crown finish 6 may be applied immediately on the crown region 5 of the base pin 2 or, if present, on the mantle structure 13 of the endodontic pin 1. These crown finishes 6 are known. It can be produced as known in the art and fixed by known means at the respective crown region 5 or mantle surface structure 13. However, the crown finish 6 may also be a known veneer (Veneers), i.e. a front facing or a so-called Onlay, i.e. a Buyfl (Kaufl ä) prosthesis. As long as there are also regions of the natural crown 32, these can however also be added to the tooth root 4 after the replacement of the endodontic pin 1 with devices known in the prior art for constructively constructing the crown finish 6 and, in turn, the complete crown 32. The crown region 5 or, if present, the shell structure 13 is then arranged in the natural crown 32 and serves for its stabilization and as a fixing point for the artificially filled part of the crown 32.

For the sake of completeness, it is also pointed out that, as is also shown in fig. 8 to 13, it is entirely possible for the root region 3 of the base pin 2 to still extend a long way into the crown veneer 6 or the crown 32. Conversely, it is also advantageous in practice to arrange the mantle surface structure 13 or the crown region 5 and in particular also the shoulder region 14 far down into the natural tooth root 4.

Fig. 11 and 13 show that, in the case of anterior and posterior molars (in which, of course, a plurality of natural roots 4 may also be present), they are usually arranged only in the roots 4 of the respective root regions 3 of the base pins 2 or endodontic pins 1.

Fig. 14 shows schematically and strongly enlarged the combined material 7 of the base pin 2 and also of the jacket surface structure 13. A very compact packing of the glass particles 9 with the organic binder 8 arranged therebetween is seen. In a preferred embodiment, the glass particles 9 are however not only held together by means of the organic binder 8 but also fused to one another at their surface. The additional possible fillers mentioned at the outset, such as zinc oxide, pigments, catalysts and/or additives, are not shown in fig. 14, since they usually also have only a very small volume fraction in the entire composite material 7.

Next, a possible method for producing the endodontic pin 1 according to the present invention is exemplarily set forth. The individual steps of the method, such as, for example, polymerization by means of LED lamps 19 and/or laser irradiation for fusing the glass particles 9, can also be combined with different method steps than the method steps described below.

First, the individual constituents of the composite material 7, i.e. above all the organic binder 8 and the preferably pre-silanized glass particles 9 and, if appropriate, further fillers such as zinc oxide, catalysts and/or additives, must be mixed with one another. Alternatively, the finished mixture of the combined materials 7 present in the market can also be used as already explained above.

The manufacture of the substrate pin 2 will now be explained first with reference to fig. 15.

Since the substrate pin 2 is to be designed in a preferred embodiment as light-conducting, it must have a correspondingly high transparency or translucency. Accordingly, the combined material 7 for the base pin 2 also has no or only very little pigment, i.e. coloured substance. The combined material 7, which has been mixed up or is available for sale, is now first heated to a temperature of 80 ℃ and is filled in sufficient quantities in the clean space 16 into the open mold 36, in the embodiment shown into the second mold half 18 thereof. The second mold half 18 is preferably made of metal, in particular steel. The surfaces of the mold cavity 35 bounding the mold half 18 may be embodied as mirror surfaces. The first mold half 17, which is preferably made of glass or another correspondingly light-permeable material, is then pressed onto the second mold half 18, so that the mold 36 made of the mold halves 17 and 18 is closed. The cavities 34 and 35 in the two mold halves 17 and 18, which are provided with the shape of the substrate pin 2 to be produced, must here be completely filled with the combined material 7. The excess material 7 is pressed out between the mold halves 17 and 18 with them closed. The chamfer 21 shown in this exemplary embodiment is responsible for the fact that, in the case of the closing of the mold halves 17 and 18, no burrs are produced at the base pin 2, which must then be removed.

Alternatively, the combined material 7 can of course also be introduced into the previously closed mold by means of injection molding or the like.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the filled and closed mold is now heated to a temperature of 300 ℃ and held at this temperature for at least half an hour. A temperature-induced polymerization process for the hardening of the organic binder 8 thus takes place in the combined material 7. To further promote the polymerization or hardening of the organic binder 8, LED lamps 19 are provided in the embodiment shown. The light of the LED lamp 19 preferably in the wavelength range 395 to 480 nm, particularly preferably 450 to 480 nm, passes through the light-permeable first half-mould 17 to the combined material 7 in the mould cavities 34 and 35 and further promotes the polymerization or hardening of the organic binder 8. The LED lamp 19 can alternatively be designed to be so large that it covers the entire first mold half 17. It is of course also possible, equally well, for the LED lamp 19 to be moved along the first mold half 17 in order to apply the entire mold cavity 34 or 35 uniformly with LED light.

Following this hardening or polymerization process of the organic binder 8, the composite material 7 in the mold cavities 34 and 35 is subsequently also subjected to a laser treatment in order to fuse the glass particles 9 of the composite material 7 to one another. For this purpose, the combined material 7 in the mold cavities 34 and 35 is applied by means of a laser source 20 with a laser through the first mold half 17. The intensity and the irradiation duration are adjusted in such a way that the laser penetrates the entire composite material 7 and in such a way that the glass particles 9 in the composite material 7 fuse to one another throughout the base pins 2 located in the mold halves 17 and 18. The laser source 20 can be guided away for this purpose in a suitable manner via the entire first mold half 17 or the entire region of the mold cavities 34 and 35. The finished substrate pins 2 can be removed from the mold halves 17 and 18 after the laser treatment has ended. The integral base pin 2 is preferably produced by hardening of the organic binder 8 and subsequent fusion of the glass particles 9, in particular at the surface thereof. The production process is thus ended if the endodontic pins 1 according to the invention to be produced should be composed of only base pins 2, wherein, of course, post-treatment of the surface, for example, is not excluded.

However, if endodontic pin 1 according to the present invention should also have a facing structure 13, the completed base pin 2 is put into a second mold 37 shown in fig. 16. This also occurs in the cleaning space 16 in the case of the open mold halves 17 and 18. The combined material 7 provided for the register structure 13 (which contains the respective pigments and can be the same raw material as in the case of the base pin 2 in other respects) is initially brought to a temperature of 80 ℃ as in the case of the production of the base pin and is then inserted into the regions of the mold cavities 34 and 35 of the second mold 37 which remain apart from the base pin 2. Immediately thereafter, the two mold halves 17 and 18 are pressed against one another in such a way that the mold 37 is closed. The chamfer 21 has the same effect in the case of closing the die 37 as in the case of the die 36. The subsequent hardening of the organic binder 8 and the preferably provided laser treatment for fusing the glass particles 9 in the jacket structure 13 can then be carried out subsequently analogously to the corresponding method steps in the case of the production of the base pin 2. Since the light-conducting feature of the base pins 2 does not cause shading, not only the LED light but also the laser light can penetrate the entire jacket surface structure 13 and thus the entire jacket surface structure 13 can also be realized. In this method step, the corresponding connection of the jacket structure 13 to the base pin 2 is also automatically carried out. After this has ended, the finished endodontic pins 1 can be removed from the mold halves 17 and 18 of the second mold 37, as is the method step to be performed in the case of the production of the base pins 2. A certain post-treatment of the surface of the jacket structure 13 is of course also possible here, if not absolutely possible.

fig. 17 also schematically shows a reamer 15, the shape of which is adapted to the root region 3 of the respective base pin 2 of the endodontic pin 1, for example by shaping of a respective taper. It is thereby achieved that a channel 33 which is best matched to the shape of the root region 3 is achieved in the respective root 4 by using the drill 15. In order to ensure an optimum depth of the channel 33, the drill 15 can have preferably optically recognizable markings 38, for example in color, and/or also corresponding longitudinal stops, not shown here.

In this regard, it can be provided that one or more endodontic pins 1 are sold in kit form with a corresponding matching reamer 15. The kit may additionally include a corresponding mating securing material 28.

List of reference numerals

1 dental pulp pin

2 base pin

3 root zone

4 tooth root

5 crown region

6 facing of dental crown

7 composite material

8 organic binder

9 glass particles

10 light feed-in surface

11 thickened part

12 longitudinal axis

13 set of face structure

14 shoulder region

15 drill

16 clean room

17 first half mould

18 second mold half

19 LED lamp

20 laser source

21 chamfering

22 total length

23 length

24 length

25 width

26 width

27 width of

28 anchoring material

29 upper cover surface

30 width

31 length

32 crown

33 channel

34 mold cavity

35 mould cavity

36 first die

37 second die

38, mark.