阅读说明：本技术 一种植烟土壤酸化生态阻控和修复方法 (Tobacco planting soil acidification ecological resistance control and restoration method ) 是由 邓小华 陈金 杨丽丽 田峰 张明发 于 2018-06-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于土壤修复技术领域；具体公开了一种植烟土壤酸化生态阻控和修复方法,包括以下步骤：步骤(1)：在烟叶采收完毕后,在烟地上种植绿肥；步骤(2)：向步骤(1)长有待翻压绿肥的烟田中施加石灰并翻压绿肥；步骤(3)：向步骤(2)的烟田施加生物有机肥,随后整地用于烤烟烟苗移栽。本发明通过化学方法、生物学方法与农业措施相结合,可以有效阻控土壤酸化的进程和修复酸化土壤,实现对土壤加速酸化的长效阻控。本发明方法可以有效阻控土壤酸化的进程,降低土壤交换性铝的含量,减轻铝对烤烟的毒害作用,提供烤烟需要的养分,增加土壤微生物的活性,实现对土壤加速酸化的长效控制,提高烟叶质量,促进烟区烤烟生产可持续发展。(the invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation; specifically discloses a tobacco planting soil acidification ecological resistance control and restoration method, which comprises the following steps: step (1): after the tobacco leaves are harvested, planting green manure on the tobacco land; step (2): lime is applied to the tobacco field growing with the green manure to be rolled in the step (1) and the green manure is rolled; and (3): and (3) applying a bio-organic fertilizer to the tobacco field in the step (2), and then preparing soil for flue-cured tobacco seedling transplantation. The method can effectively prevent and control the soil acidification process and restore the acidified soil by combining a chemical method, a biological method and agricultural measures, and realizes long-acting prevention and control of soil accelerated acidification. The method can effectively prevent and control the soil acidification process, reduce the content of exchangeable aluminum in the soil, relieve the toxic action of the aluminum on the flue-cured tobacco, provide nutrients required by the flue-cured tobacco, increase the activity of soil microorganisms, realize long-term control on accelerated acidification of the soil, improve the quality of the tobacco leaves and promote the sustainable development of production of the flue-cured tobacco in tobacco areas.)

1. A tobacco-planting soil acidification ecological resistance control and restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Step (1): after the tobacco leaves are harvested, planting green manure on the tobacco land;

Step (2): lime is applied to the tobacco field with the green manure grown in the step (1) and the green manure is rolled;

And (3): and (3) applying a bio-organic fertilizer to the tobacco field in the step (2), and then preparing soil for flue-cured tobacco seedling transplantation.

2. The tobacco-planting soil acidification ecological resistance and restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), green manure seeds are sowed in the furrow of the tobacco field or in the whole field; the green manure seeds emerge and grow to form green manure on the tobacco field;

the green manure seeds are at least one of arrowroot pea, milk vetch, vetch and ryegrass.

3. The tobacco-planting soil acidification ecological resistance and restoration method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the seed dosage of green manure seeds is 45-60 kg/hm ².

4. The tobacco-planting soil acidification ecological resistance and restoration method according to claim 2, characterized in that the relative water content of the soil is adjusted to 50% -70% when the green manure seeds are sown.

5. The tobacco-planting soil acidification ecological resistance and restoration method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the lime is hydrated lime, and the dosage of the hydrated lime is 1500-2250 kg/hm ².

6. The tobacco-planting soil acidification ecological resistance and restoration method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the green manure is turned over and pressed 10-15 days before the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in the next year.

7. the tobacco-planting soil acidification ecological resistance and restoration method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the green manure turnover pressure is controlled at 22500-30000 kg/hm ² fresh grass;

The green manure turning and pressing depth is 5-20 cm.

8. The tobacco-planting soil acidification ecological resistance and restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bio-organic fertilizer is alkaline bio-organic fertilizer; the preferable pH is 7.0 to 9.0.

9. The tobacco-planting soil acidification ecological resistance and restoration method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 450-600 kg/hm ².

10. The tobacco-planting soil acidification ecological resistance and restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mode of applying the bio-organic fertilizer is strip application;

Preferably, when the tobacco field in the step (2) is prepared with soil and ridged, the bio-organic fertilizer strips are applied to the middle of the row according to the requirement of the row spacing, and then the ridge is formed; the bio-organic fertilizer is required to be wrapped in the middle of the ridge body.

Technical Field

the invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a resistance control method for tobacco planting soil acidification and an acidic tobacco planting soil remediation method.

Background

Flue-cured tobacco is one of the important economic crops in China. Due to the heavy-duty light-culturing development mode of long-term continuous cropping and continuous fertilizer application, the quality of the tobacco field soil is reduced, and the soil acidification is accelerated. The problems of deterioration of soil physicochemical property, improvement of activity of aluminum ions and heavy metals, reduction of soil microbial activity and the like caused by increasingly severe soil acidification lead to reduction of tobacco leaf quality and industrial availability and reduction of tobacco planting benefit, and seriously restrict the sustainable development of tobacco production. Therefore, the acidification control and repair of tobacco planting soil are urgent.

The traditional method for improving acidified soil is to apply lime, although the method is economical and convenient, frequent application of lime to adjust the acidity of soil can intensify the acidification of soil (i.e. re-acidification, soil acidification occurs again after the alkaline consumption of lime), and excessive application of lime can inhibit the growth of tobacco, especially reduce the effectiveness of soil potassium, influence the potassium absorption of flue-cured tobacco, and cause the potassium content of tobacco leaves to be relatively reduced.

There are many patents relating to methods for improving tobacco-planting soil and acidic tobacco-planting soil. In the patent of a tobacco field soil improvement method (patent number: 201310689049.8), the slightly acidified tobacco field soil is improved mainly by spreading hydrated lime at the bottom of ridges and irrigating transplanting planting water containing polyacrylamide. The patent (patent number: 201510249011.8) mainly comprises dolomite powder, quicklime, biological black carbon and calcium silicate powder which are mixed in proportion to form the improver, and then the improver is spread to improve the soil acidification condition of the tobacco field. The patent of tobacco stem biochar soil conditioner of acid tobacco planting soil and a processing method thereof (patent number: 201510192427.0) adopts a chitosan film layer to wrap tobacco stem biochar, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, zinc oxide, borax, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and the like to prepare the conditioner, which can effectively improve the organic carbon content of soil and improve acid tobacco planting soil in south China. The patent of acidified tobacco-planting soil conditioner and the use method thereof (patent number: 201310351491.X) is mainly prepared by mixing quicklime, dolomite powder, lime nitrogen and turf according to a proportion, and improves the soil structure and prevents soil hardening. The patent of a soil conditioner for tobacco fields and a preparation method and application thereof (patent number: 201710823590.1) is prepared by mixing modified tobacco straw biochar, modified bentonite, humic acid raw powder, dolomite powder, quicklime, biological black carbon, sulfur and bacillus subtilis according to a proportion, and improves the pH value, soil layer structure and physical and chemical properties of soil. The ingredients of the acid soil conditioner applied in the above patent are focused on certain minerals and industrial by-products. Most of these minerals and industrial by-products contain certain heavy metal elements. Although many research results show that the heavy metal elements do not reach harmful levels, the accumulation of the heavy metal ions in the soil cannot be ignored, and thus the safety of the tobacco leaves is affected. At the same time, these methods can raise the pH of the soil briefly, but it is difficult to control the acidification of the soil for a long period.

According to the patent of the acidified soil improvement method for the rubber garden (patent number), leguminous green manure with high acid resistance and shading resistance is selected, lime is used, the pH value of the soil of the rubber garden, the content of organic matters in the soil and the like are increased, and the acidified soil of the rubber garden is improved. In the patent of tobacco field soil improvement method (patent number: CN201410615136.3), ryegrass is turned over and pressed, and conditioner is applied to tobacco fields to reduce the volume weight of soil and increase the content of organic matters in the soil. The patent of 'precise proportioning method of lime substance and organic fertilizer' for improving acidified soil (patent number: 201710423820.5) mainly adopts lime and organic fertilizer to improve acidified soil. The inorganic modifier is applied, and meanwhile, organic substances are additionally applied, so that although the buffering performance of soil to acid is enhanced, the fertility level of the soil is improved, the activity of soil microorganisms can be increased, and the effect of improving the acidification of the soil with a potential acidification tendency is good, the long-term control of the accelerated acidification of the soil is difficult to realize.

In order to solve the problems existing in the existing acidified tobacco-planting soil improvement, a feasible improvement method is also needed to be found by technical personnel in the field, so that the resistance control and long-term restoration of the acidified tobacco-planting soil can be effectively realized, and the sustainable development of a tobacco area can be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the fact that the acidification of the tobacco planting soil is getting worse at present, the invention combines a chemical method, a biological method and an agricultural measure to establish a resistance control and restoration method for the acidification of the tobacco planting soil, and aims to well control the tobacco planting soil.

A tobacco planting soil acidification ecological resistance control and restoration method comprises the following steps:

Step (1): after the tobacco leaves are harvested, planting green manure on the tobacco land;

Step (2): lime is applied to the tobacco field growing with the green manure to be rolled in the step (1) and the green manure is rolled;

And (3): and (3) applying a bio-organic fertilizer to the tobacco field in the step (2), and then preparing soil for flue-cured tobacco seedling transplantation.

The method can effectively prevent and control the soil acidification process and restore the acidified soil by combining a chemical method, a biological method and agricultural measures, and realizes long-acting prevention and control of soil accelerated acidification.

The method can effectively prevent and control the soil acidification process, reduce the content of soil exchangeable aluminum, reduce the toxic action of aluminum on flue-cured tobacco, provide nutrients required by flue-cured tobacco, increase the activity of soil microorganisms, realize long-term control on soil accelerated acidification, improve the quality of tobacco leaves and promote the continuous development of flue-cured tobacco production in tobacco areas.

The method can reduce the volume weight of the soil, increase the porosity of the soil, increase the content of organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil, improve the pH value of the soil, reduce the concentrations of the soil hydrolytic acid, the exchangeable H ⁺ and the exchangeable AL ³⁺, and improve the total amount of the exchangeable base and the cation exchange capacity of the soil, thereby effectively preventing and controlling the soil acidification process and repairing the acidified soil.

The prior acidified soil improvement focuses on the increase of the pH value of the soil, but the increased pH value of the soil is reduced and restored to the original level due to the self-regulation capacity of the soil, so that the aims of long-acting resistance control and acid soil restoration are not achieved. According to the technical scheme, the green manure is planted to increase soil organic matters so as to improve the soil buffering performance and stabilize the pH value of the soil, and the purposes of long-acting resistance control and restoration of acidified soil are achieved. In addition, the chemical action and agricultural measures are matched, so that long-acting restoration is further realized.

Preferably, in the step (1), green manure seeds are sown in furrows of the tobacco field or in the whole field; the green manure seeds emerge and grow to form green manure on the tobacco field.

In the invention, the green manure seeds are arrow-tongue peas, milk vetch, ryegrass and the like.

The invention preferably uses Arrowse vetch as green manure seed. The arrowroot pea is a leguminous green manure, not only has nitrogen fixation of rhizobia, but also can activate phosphorus and potassium in soil by root exudates, and improves the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil. The seed consumption of the green manure cannot be too small so as to avoid influencing the yield of the green manure and the fresh grass; the excessive amount of the green manure increases the production cost of the green manure.

In the scheme, the sowing time of the green manure seeds is 10 months. Preferably, after the tobacco leaves are harvested, the tobacco leaves are preferably early and not late; too late, the green manure yield is low.

Preferably, the seed amount of the green manure seeds is 45-60 kg/hm ².

Preferably, the relative water content of the soil is adjusted to 50-70% during sowing of the green manure seeds.

In the scheme of the invention, lime is applied to accelerate decomposition of the green manure; on the other hand, the pH value of the soil can be rapidly increased.

Preferably, in the step (2), the lime is hydrated lime.

Preferably, in the step (2), the using amount of the hydrated lime is 1500-2250 kg/hm ², the applying amount of the lime is 300-450 kg/hm ² more than that of the lime used for conventional soil improvement, and a part of the lime is mainly used for accelerating decomposition of green manure.

In the scheme, the lime is spread on the green manure and then the green manure is rolled over, which is mainly beneficial to decomposition of the green manure and uniform mixing of the lime and the soil.

In the scheme, the green manure is turned and pressed 10-15 days before flue-cured tobacco is transplanted. The nitrogen conflict phenomenon exists between the decomposition of the green manure and the nitrogen requirement and the growth of tobacco seedlings when the green manure is turned over and pressed too late, and the growth of the tobacco seedlings is not facilitated.

preferably, the green manure is turned over and pressed, and the turning over and pressing amount is controlled to be 22500-30000 kg/hm ² fresh grass.

Preferably, the green manure turnover pressing depth is 5-20 cm. At this preferred green manure turn-down depth, the green manure can be buried to facilitate its decomposition.

Most of the bio-organic fertilizers popularized in the past are acidic, and after the bio-organic fertilizers are applied to soil, the bio-organic fertilizers are superposed with acidic substances secreted by tobacco roots, so that the pH of the soil in a tobacco root area is reduced, the tobacco is not favorable for growth, and particularly diseases are aggravated. Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer is an alkaline bio-organic fertilizer. Preferably, the alkaline biological organic fertilizer is adopted, so that the pH of the soil is improved, and the growth and development of the flue-cured tobacco are promoted.

Preferably, the pH value of the bio-organic fertilizer is 7.0-9.0.

Preferably, the dosage of the biological organic fertilizer is 450-600 kg/hm ².

Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer is applied in a strip mode. If adopt and broadcast the bio-organic fertilizer of applying, some bio-organic fertilizer can keep away from the flue-cured tobacco root system and can not be absorbed and utilized by the flue-cured tobacco root system, causes the fertilizer extravagant. By adopting the preferable strip application method, the bio-organic fertilizer is required to be applied in the middle of the row so as to improve the utilization efficiency of the organic fertilizer.

Preferably, when the tobacco field in the step (2) is prepared with soil and ridged, the bio-organic fertilizer strips are applied to the middle of the row according to the requirement of the row spacing, and then the ridge is formed; the bio-organic fertilizer is required to be wrapped in the middle of the ridge body.

The invention relates to a more preferable technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

(1) And (3) planting green manure, wherein the variety of the green manure is the arrow pea, the seed amount is 45-60 kg/hm ², the arrow pea is sown in the furrow of the tobacco field or the whole field at the beginning of 10 months every year, and the relative water content of soil is adjusted to 50-70% during green manure sowing, so that the emergence of seedlings of green manure seeds is facilitated.

(2) And (4) turning over the green manure, wherein the turning over amount is preferably controlled to be 22500-30000 kg/hm ² fresh grass 10-15 days before flue-cured tobacco transplanting in the next year, the turning over depth of the green manure is required to be 5-20 cm, and the green manure is uniformly turned over and buried in the soil.

(3) Lime is selected, hydrated lime is selected, the using amount of the hydrated lime is 1500-2250 kg/hm ², the lime is required to be powdery, and stones which are not burnt into the lime are picked out.

(4) Lime application method. When the green manure is turned over, lime is uniformly spread on the green manure, and then the green manure is turned over.

(5) Selecting an alkaline bio-organic fertilizer popularized in flue-cured tobacco production, wherein the pH value of the fertilizer is required to be 7.0-9.0, and the using amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is 450-600 kg/hm ².

(6) An application method of a bio-organic fertilizer. When the flue-cured tobacco is used for soil preparation and ridging, the bio-organic fertilizer strips are applied in the middle of rows according to the requirement of row spacing, and then ridging is carried out. The bio-organic fertilizer is required to be wrapped in the middle of the ridge body.

In the scheme, the pH of the soil can be rapidly increased by applying lime, but the pH of the soil can be rapidly reduced after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted for 30 days due to the buffering property of the soil and organic acid secreted by root systems of the flue-cured tobacco, and the stability of the pH of the soil after the pH is increased is not facilitated. The green manure is planted and turned over, so that soil organic matters can be improved, the soil buffering capacity is improved, and the stability of the soil pH improvement effect after lime application is facilitated. The additional application of the biological organic fertilizer can improve soil organic matters, is beneficial to increasing beneficial microorganisms in soil and is more beneficial to the stability of the soil pH improvement effect after the lime is applied. By combining a chemical method (lime application), a biological method (biological organic fertilizer) and an agricultural measure (green manure overturning), the process of soil acidification can be effectively prevented and controlled, the acidified soil can be repaired, and long-acting prevention and control of soil accelerated acidification can be realized.

The application test results show that the method can remarkably increase the pH value of the soil to a proper level, reduce the concentrations of the soil hydrolytic acid, the exchangeable H ⁺ and the exchangeable AL ³⁺, improve the total amount of the soil exchangeable base and the cation exchange amount, facilitate the growth of the flue-cured tobacco, improve the upper smoke proportion, the yield and the output value, improve the physical characteristic index, the chemical component availability index and the total smoking score of the flue-cured tobacco.

The invention has the advantages of

In the present invention, lime is applied to rapidly raise the soil pH to an appropriate level.

According to the invention, the green manure is planted and turned over, so that soil organic matters can be improved, the soil buffering capacity is improved, and the stability of the soil pH improvement effect after lime application is facilitated.

in the invention, the application of the alkaline biological organic fertilizer can not only improve the organic matters of the soil, but also be beneficial to increase beneficial microorganisms of the soil, and be more beneficial to the stability of the effect of improving the pH of the soil after the application of lime.

According to the invention, the effects of improving the pH of the soil by applying lime, increasing the buffering capacity of the soil by applying green manure, improving the pH of the soil in a root zone by using an alkaline organic fertilizer, and soil microorganisms are superposed, so that the soil acidification process is effectively prevented and controlled, and the acidified soil is repaired. Good effect, low cost and easy operation.

Compared with the traditional method, the method has the advantages that the volume weight of the soil can be reduced, the porosity of the soil is increased, the content of organic matters, alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen and quick-acting phosphorus in the soil is increased, the pH value of the soil is increased to a proper level, the content of hydrolytic acid, exchangeable H ⁺ and exchangeable AL ³⁺ in the soil, the total amount of exchangeable base and exchangeable cations in the soil are reduced, and the smoke proportion, the yield value, the physical characteristic index, the chemical component availability index and the total smoking evaluation on tobacco leaves can be respectively increased by 10.92%, 21.13%, 14.62%, 3.46%, 2.45% and 4.02%.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the pH background value of soil and the change of the pH value of the soil after flue-cured tobacco transplantation.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The method comprises the steps of conducting acidification ecological resistance control and restoration method tests on tobacco planting soil in a certain mountain area (the soil pH is 5.11), setting 4 treatments, namely, T1: lime, T2: lime + green manure, T3: lime + green manure + bio-organic fertilizer, CK: conventional cultivation, repeating for 3 times, enabling the area of a small area to be 33m ², randomly grouping and arranging, planting green manure and turning over, namely, after tobacco is harvested in 9 months in 1 year, removing tobacco stems initially in 10 months, sowing green manure in 10 months, planting arrow-tongue peas, enabling the sowing amount to be 52.5kg/hm ², sowing green manure seeds in the whole field, uniformly sowing, not applying fertilizer in the whole green manure growing period, turning over the green manure 15d before tobacco transplanting, turning over the green manure with the pressing amount of 00kg/hm 2, turning over the green manure with the depth of 5-20 cm, uniformly pressing into soil and burying, applying slaked lime, enabling the lime to be 2250kg/hm, pressing the green manure in 22500kg/², uniformly applying the middle of green manure in the middle of flue-cured tobacco, and covering the green manure in the field, and uniformly applying the fertilizer in the same way, and applying the procedure of dressing, and uniformly applying the fertilizer in the middle of the flue-cured tobacco production of the row, and burying the fertilizer in the flue-tobacco.

(1) Dynamic change of soil pH after flue-cured tobacco transplantation

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the soil pH of the control without lime, green manure and bio-organic fertilizer application was always lower than the background value, and decreased by 0.04 units after 200 days, indicating that the soil pH decreased as a result of flue-cured tobacco planting. T1 treatment with lime, soil pH was highest 10 days after transplantation, soil pH increased by 1.91 units; the pH value of the soil is rapidly reduced within 10-30 days, the soil is slowly reduced after 30 days, and the pH value of the soil is only increased by 0.14 unit after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted to 200 days; the lime is only applied to obviously increase the pH value of the soil in the early growth stage of the flue-cured tobacco, but the improvement effect on the acid soil is not obvious. T2 treatment with lime and green manure, with soil pH highest 30 days after transplantation, soil pH increased by 1.84 units; the pH value of the soil is rapidly reduced within 30-60 days, the pH value of the soil is slowly reduced after 60 days, the pH value of the soil tends to be stable from 200 days after the flue-cured tobacco is harvested, and the pH value of the soil is increased by 0.94 unit after 200 days; the combination of lime and green manure is shown to be more beneficial for the improvement of acid soil than lime alone. Applying T3 treatment of lime, green manure and alkaline bio-organic fertilizer, wherein the pH of the soil is the highest 20 days after transplanting, and the pH of the soil is increased by 2.04 units; the pH value of the soil slowly decreases in 20-90 days, the pH value of the soil tends to be stable in 200 days after the flue-cured tobacco is harvested, and the pH value of the soil is increased by 1.16 units in 200 days; the combination of lime, green manure and alkaline bio-organic fertilizer is more beneficial to the improvement of acid soil than other treatments, and the change range of the pH value of the soil is less.

(2) Influence on physical properties of soil 120 days after transplantation

As can be seen from Table 1, the volume weight of T1, T2 and T3 is reduced by 0.81-1.63% compared with CK; among them, the volume weight of T3 soil is significantly lower than CK and T1, and the difference with T2 is not significant. The soil porosity of T1, T2 and T3 is increased by 0.17-1.63 percent compared with CK; the porosity of T3 soil is obviously higher than that of CK and T1, and has no obvious difference with T2. Therefore, T3 can reduce the volume weight of soil and increase the porosity of soil.

TABLE 1 influence on physical Properties of soil

(3) Influence on soil nutrients 120 days after transplantation

As can be seen from table 2, the T2, T3 organic content is significantly higher than CK, T1; t1 organic content was lower than CK but the difference was not significant. The soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of T1, T2 and T3 is improved by 17.13-25.69% compared with CK, but the content difference of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of T1, T2 and T3 is not obvious; the effective phosphorus content is increased by 5.76-34.22% compared with CK, the effective phosphorus content difference of T1, T2 and T3 is obvious, and the effective phosphorus content is highest in T3; compared with CK, the quick-acting potassium is reduced by 11.27% -31.08%, the content difference of T1, T2 and T3 quick-acting potassium is obvious, and the content of T1 quick-acting potassium is the lowest. Therefore, T3 can improve the contents of soil organic matters, soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and available phosphorus.

TABLE 2 Effect on soil nutrients

(4) Influence on soil acidity characteristic index 120 days after transplantation

table 3 shows that T1, T2 and T3 have hydrolysis acid content lower than CK by 58.03-77.01%, and exchange acid, exchange H + and exchange Al ³⁺ have treatment salt content lower than CK by 75.76-80.81%, 64.29-69.93% and 94.59-97.68%, and soil hydrolysis acid, exchange H ⁺ and exchange Al ³⁺ have treatment salt content higher than CK by more than T1 by more than T2 by T3, with obvious difference between treatment salt base saturation levels, T1, T2 and T3 have treatment salt base content higher than CK by 15.47-16.53% and 13.19-17.59, but T1, T2 and T3 have no obvious difference between treatment salt base saturation levels, and T3 has no obvious difference between treatment salt base saturation levels, thus reducing the content of soil hydrolysis acid, exchange H ⁺ and exchange Al ³⁺ salt base content and improving the soil exchange acid base content and cation exchange amount.

TABLE 3 influence on soil acidity Performance index

(5) Effect on the Activity of enzymes in soil 120 days after transplantation

The activity of soil microbial enzyme can reflect the amount and activity of soil microbes. From table 4, the enzyme activities of T1, T2 and T3 soil microorganisms are all significantly higher than CK. Among them, the enzyme activity of T3 soil microorganisms was significantly higher than other treatments. Therefore, T3 can increase the number of soil microorganisms and the activity thereof.

TABLE 4 Effect on soil microbial enzyme Activity

(6) Influence on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco

²It can be seen from table 5 that the difference of the equal-grade tobacco yield ratios among T1, T2 and T3 is not significant, the increase is 7.84% -10.92% compared with CK, the equal-grade tobacco yield ratios of T2 and T3 are significantly higher than CK, the equal-grade tobacco yield ratio of T3 accounts for up to 49.40%, and the difference between T1 and CK is not significant, the yield of each processed flue-cured tobacco is increased by 3.71% -21.13% compared with CK, the yields of T2 and T3 are relatively higher, the yields are significantly higher than those of T1 and CK, the yield of T1 is relatively lower, and the difference between each processed tobacco yield value and CK is not significant, the yields of each processed tobacco are increased by 0.59% -14.62% compared with CK, the maximum yield value of T3 is 49718.79 yuan/hm 23, the yields are significantly higher than the yields of T1, T2 and CK, T2, the yields are significantly higher than those of T1, CK, and the values of T1 are slightly lower, but significantly higher than.

TABLE 5 Effect on economic traits of flue-cured tobacco

(7) influence on physical characteristics of tobacco leaves

As can be seen from table 6, the leaf opening rate, the single leaf weight and the physical characteristic index of the upper leaf (B2F) of the flue-cured tobacco were significantly different, and the difference in the other physical characteristic indexes was not significant. Compared with CK, the slice opening rate of each treatment is improved by 0.64-2.71%, the T3 slice opening rate is the highest, T1 times is higher, the T1 and T3 slice opening rates are obviously higher than those of T2 and CK, the T2 slice opening rate is slightly lower, and the difference with CK is not obvious. The stem content, the equilibrium water content and the weight average of the leaf quality of the tobacco leaves are highest after being treated by CK, and the other treatments are respectively reduced by 0.89-2.10%, 0.12-1.30% and 2.20-3.22%. The tobacco leaf thickness T2, T3 increased by 0.01mm compared to CK. The single leaf weights T2, T3 were relatively high, significantly higher than T1, CK, and T1 was lower than 1.11g for CK treatment, but not significantly different from CK. Compared with CK, the physical characteristic index of each treatment is 0.62-3.46 percent, T3 is up to 89.53 at most, is obviously higher than that of other treatments, T2 times is obviously higher than that of T1 and CK, T1 is slightly lower, and the difference with CK is not obvious. The leaf (C3F) splitting rate, the equilibrium water content, the single leaf weight and the leaf quality weight of the flue-cured tobacco in each treatment are all increased compared with CK, and no obvious difference exists between treatments. The cut-to-stems ratios T2 and T3 were reduced compared with CK, and T1 was increased. Leaf thickness T1 was reduced compared to CK. The physical properties of the tobacco leaves treated by the method are higher than those of the tobacco leaves treated by CK, the highest index of the physical properties of T3 is 91.18, and the number of times of T2.

TABLE 6 influence on physical characteristics of tobacco leaves

(8) Influence on chemical composition of tobacco leaves

As can be seen from Table 7, the chemical composition index of the upper tobacco leaves (B2F) after roasting is remarkably different except that chlorine does not exist. Compared with CK, the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in each treatment is remarkably increased by 3.28-9.83% and 2.53-5.28%, wherein the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in T3 is the highest. Compared with the nicotine, the total nitrogen content of each treatment is reduced by 0.09-0.35 percent, and 0.41-1.2 percent, the total nitrogen content of T1 is lowest, is obviously lower than T2, CK and T3 times, is obviously lower than CK, has no obvious difference with T2, is slightly higher than T2 and has no obvious difference with CK; the T1, T3 treatments were slightly lower in nicotine content, significantly lower than T2 and CK, and T2 was slightly higher but significantly lower than CK. The potassium content T3 is the highest, the potassium content T2 times, the potassium content T2 and T3 are obviously higher than that of T1 and CK, the difference between the two treatments is not obvious, and the potassium content T1 is 0.06% lower than that of a control, but is not obviously different from that of CK. The chemical components of the tobacco leaves can be treated by the index T3 up to 55.08, which is obviously higher than T1, T2 and CK, and the chemical components of the tobacco leaves are obviously higher than CK by the index T1 and T2, and the difference between the two treatments is not obvious. The middle leaf (C3F) of the flue-cured tobacco has obvious difference in indexes of other chemical components except total nitrogen and nicotine, wherein the difference in total sugar, reducing sugar and chlorine reaches an extremely obvious level. The total sugar content of each treatment is higher than CK, wherein T2 and T3 are relatively higher, and are remarkably higher than T1 and CK, T3 is relatively higher between the T2 and the T3 and is remarkably higher than T2, and the total sugar content of T1 is remarkably improved compared with CK. The content of reducing sugar is highest in T2, is remarkably higher than that of other treatments, and the content difference of reducing sugar in T1, T3 and CK is not remarkable. The content of potassium in the tobacco leaves, T3, is the highest and is obviously higher than that of T1 and T2, the difference between the content of potassium in the tobacco leaves and CK is not obvious, the content of potassium in the tobacco leaves, T1 and T2 is lower than that of CK, and the difference between treatments is not obvious. The chlorine content of the tobacco leaves is the highest T2, which is remarkably higher than that of other treatments, and T1 and T3 are slightly lower than CK, but are not obviously different from CK. The availability index of chemical components of the tobacco leaves treated is improved by 0.06-2.45% compared with CK, the availability index value of the chemical components of T3 is up to 90.06 and is obviously higher than that of other treatments, and the difference between the other treatments is not obvious.

TABLE 7 Effect on tobacco leaf chemical composition

(9) Influence on tobacco leaf smoking quality

As can be seen from Table 8, the aroma quality, aroma quantity and permeability of the upper leaf (B2F) of the flue-cured tobacco leaf have an influence, and the influence on the remaining smoking indexes of the upper leaf is small. The aroma quality and aroma quantity of each processed tobacco leaf are higher than CK, wherein the score of T3 aroma quality and aroma quantity is the highest and is respectively 6.1 points and 6.0 points, the aroma quality is remarkably higher than T1, T2 and CK, and the aroma quantity is remarkably higher than T1, T2 and CK. The penetrability of each treatment is higher than that of CK, T1 and T3 are relatively higher and are obviously higher than that of T2 and CK, and T2 is slightly lower and is not obviously different from that of CK. The total score of the tobacco leaf evaluation of each treatment is obviously higher than CK, the total score of T3 is the highest, the total score is obviously higher than T1 and T2, and the total score difference of T1 and T2 is small. From the middle leaf (C3F) of the flue-cured tobacco leaf, the influence of each smoking evaluation index is small, but the quality of the tobacco leaf is always higher than CK. It can be seen that T3 can improve the middle smoke panel test quality.

TABLE 8 influence on tobacco leaf quality

Compared with the traditional method, the soil volume weight can be reduced, the soil porosity is increased, the content of soil organic matters, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and quick-acting phosphorus is increased, the soil pH is increased to a proper level, the soil hydrolytic acid, exchangeable H ⁺ and exchangeable AL ³⁺, the total amount of soil exchangeable base and exchangeable cations are reduced, and the smoke ratio, the yield value, the physical characteristic index, the chemical component availability index and the total smoking evaluation on tobacco leaves can be respectively increased by 10.92%, 21.13%, 14.62%, 3.46%, 2.45% and 4.02%.