阅读说明：本技术 一种无胶黏剂零甲醛绿色杜仲复合板及其制备方法 (Adhesive-free formaldehyde-free green eucommia composite board and preparation method thereof ) 是由 彭湃 董娟娥 杨庆 宋孝周 吕嘉宇 于 2021-09-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种无胶黏剂零甲醛绿色杜仲复合板的制备方法,属于复合板材技术领域,包括以下步骤：将杜仲原料与其他原料混合后进行冷压,得到预成型板；所述其他原料包括木质原料或非木质原料；将得到的预成型板进行热压,得到杜仲复合板。本发明采用杜仲原料和其他木质或非木质原料作为原料,杜仲中含有独特的杜仲胶成分,具有独特的橡塑二重性,热压下具有良好的塑性,因此,能够使杜仲原料与其他木质或非木质原料在无胶黏剂条件下直接复合热压形成复合板材,绿色环保,并且复合板材具有较好的力学性能。(The invention provides a preparation method of a non-adhesive zero-formaldehyde green eucommia ulmoides composite board, belonging to the technical field of composite boards and comprising the following steps of: mixing the eucommia ulmoides raw material with other raw materials, and then carrying out cold pressing to obtain a preformed plate; the other raw materials comprise wood raw materials or non-wood raw materials; and carrying out hot pressing on the obtained preformed plate to obtain the eucommia composite plate. The eucommia ulmoides raw materials and other wood or non-wood raw materials are used as raw materials, the eucommia ulmoides contains unique eucommia ulmoides gum components, has unique rubber and plastic duality, and has good plasticity under hot pressing, so that the eucommia ulmoides raw materials and the other wood or non-wood raw materials can be directly compounded and hot pressed to form the composite board without adhesives, the composite board is green and environment-friendly, and the composite board has good mechanical properties.)

1. A preparation method of an adhesive-free formaldehyde-free green eucommia composite board comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing the eucommia ulmoides raw material with other raw materials, and then carrying out cold pressing to obtain a preformed plate; the other raw materials comprise wood raw materials or non-wood raw materials;

(2) and (3) carrying out hot pressing on the preformed plate obtained in the step (1) to obtain the eucommia composite plate.

2. The preparation method of the eucommia ulmoides composite board according to claim 1, wherein the mesh number of the eucommia ulmoides raw material and other raw materials in the step (1) is 20-60 meshes.

3. The method for preparing the eucommia ulmoides composite board according to claim 1, wherein the eucommia ulmoides raw material and other raw materials are dried before use in the step (1).

4. The preparation method of the eucommia ulmoides composite board according to claim 3, wherein the drying temperature is 80-105 ℃, and the drying time is 2-4 h.

5. The preparation method of the eucommia ulmoides composite board according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides raw material to other raw materials in the step (1) is 1: (0.1-30).

6. The preparation method of the eucommia ulmoides composite board according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of cold pressing in the step (1) is 5-15 MPa, and the time of cold pressing is 5-10 min.

7. The preparation method of the eucommia ulmoides composite board according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the hot pressing in the step (2) is 10-30 MPa.

8. The preparation method of the eucommia ulmoides composite board according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the temperature of the hot pressing in the step (2) is 100-140 ℃.

9. The preparation method of the eucommia ulmoides composite board according to claim 1, wherein the hot pressing time in the step (2) is 5-20 min.

10. The adhesive-free formaldehyde-free green eucommia ulmoides composite board prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of composite boards, in particular to an adhesive-free formaldehyde-free green eucommia ulmoides composite board and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The wood composite board has light weight and large strength-weight ratioThe method has the advantages of easy processing, low cost, adjustability and controllability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of furniture, buildings, interior decoration, non-bearing materials and the like. The wood composite board is formed by gluing and compounding wood and various forms (including fibers, veneers, shavings and the like) of the wood as base materials with other structural materials (including wood materials, non-wood materials and the like) or functional materials. At present, the annual output of the wood composite board in China exceeds 1 hundred million m³The industrial adhesive is used up to 1800 ten thousand tons per year, wherein the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive (containing modification) and the phenolic resin adhesive station agent are taken as main materials. The use of industrial adhesives not only increases the production cost of the wood composite board, but also causes harm to the environment and human health. Along with the continuous enhancement of the environmental protection consciousness of people, the market demand for the adhesive-free formaldehyde-free green wood composite board is continuously increased. Therefore, the adhesive-free formaldehyde-free green composite board is a development trend of future artificial boards.

At present, adhesives used in wood composite boards can be classified into formaldehyde-containing adhesives and formaldehyde-free adhesives, the formaldehyde-containing adhesives mainly comprise urea resin and phenolic resin (CN 103737992B), the formaldehyde-free adhesives mainly comprise polyurethane (CN 108407036 a), epoxy resin (CN 207565073U), plastic particles (CN 110903669 a) and the like, but the adhesives are petroleum-based polymers and have the defects of non-reproducibility, biodegradability, low biocompatibility and the like, so that the wood composite boards are limited by adhesive raw materials and environmental requirements. Therefore, the development of a novel adhesive-free formaldehyde-free green composite board processing technology is urgently needed.

The eucommia ulmoides is a special tree species in China, is a plant of the genus eucommia of the family Eucommiaceae, is widely distributed in provinces such as Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan and Hunan of China, has the planting area of 500 mu of an mu of eucommia ulmoides and is rich in resources. The eucommia bark contains unique eucommia bark gum components, and the content of the eucommia bark gum in eucommia bark seed coats, eucommia bark and eucommia leaves is respectively 10-12%, 6-10% and 1-3%. The gutta-percha has unique rubber-plastic duality, has good plasticity under hot pressing, has excellent reproducibility, biodegradability and biocompatibility, and is one of ideal natural polymers for replacing adhesives. The special component of eucommia bark is utilized to directly compound and thermally press the eucommia bark raw material and other wood or non-wood grass raw materials into the wood composite board under the condition of no adhesive and no formaldehyde. At present, no article and patent report about the adhesive-free zero-formaldehyde green eucommia wood composite board is found.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an adhesive-free formaldehyde-free green eucommia composite board and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method provided by the invention does not need to use an adhesive, does not contain a formaldehyde component, and is green and environment-friendly.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a preparation method of a non-adhesive zero-formaldehyde green eucommia ulmoides composite board, which comprises the following steps of:

(1) mixing the eucommia ulmoides raw material with other raw materials, and then carrying out cold pressing to obtain a preformed plate; the other raw materials comprise wood raw materials or non-wood raw materials;

(2) and (3) carrying out hot pressing on the preformed plate obtained in the step (1) to obtain the eucommia composite plate.

Preferably, the mesh number of the eucommia ulmoides and other raw materials in the step (1) is 20-60 meshes.

Preferably, the eucommia ulmoides oliv raw material and other raw materials in the step (1) are dried before use.

Preferably, the drying temperature is 80-105 ℃, and the drying time is 2-4 h.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides oliv raw material to other raw materials in the step (1) is 1: (0.1-30).

Preferably, the pressure of the cold pressing in the step (1) is 5-15 MPa, and the time of the cold pressing is 5-10 min.

Preferably, the pressure of the hot pressing in the step (2) is 10-30 MPa.

Preferably, the temperature of the hot pressing in the step (2) is 100-140 ℃.

Preferably, the hot pressing time in the step (2) is 5-20 min.

The invention also provides the adhesive-free formaldehyde-free green eucommia ulmoides composite board prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme.

The invention provides a preparation method of a non-adhesive zero-formaldehyde green eucommia ulmoides composite board, which comprises the following steps of: mixing the eucommia ulmoides raw material with other raw materials, and then carrying out cold pressing to obtain a preformed plate; the other raw materials comprise wood raw materials or non-wood raw materials; and carrying out hot pressing on the obtained preformed plate to obtain the eucommia composite plate. The eucommia ulmoides raw materials and other wood or non-wood raw materials are used as raw materials, the eucommia ulmoides contains unique eucommia ulmoides gum components, has unique rubber and plastic duality, and has good plasticity under hot pressing, so that the eucommia ulmoides raw materials and the other wood or non-wood raw materials can be directly compounded and hot pressed to form the composite board without adhesives, and the composite board is green and environment-friendly; and the composite board has better mechanical property. The results of the examples show that the tensile strength of the composite board prepared by the invention reaches 12.5 MPa.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency, low cost, no adhesive and no formaldehyde, environmental protection of the obtained wood composite board, high-value utilization of wood or non-wood grass resources to process wastes or leftover materials and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a graph showing tensile strength of the eucommia ulmoides composite boards prepared in examples 1 to 25 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a preparation method of a non-adhesive zero-formaldehyde green eucommia ulmoides composite board, which comprises the following steps of:

(1) mixing the eucommia ulmoides raw material with other raw materials, and then carrying out cold pressing to obtain a preformed plate; the other raw materials comprise wood raw materials or non-wood raw materials;

(2) and (3) carrying out hot pressing on the preformed plate obtained in the step (1) to obtain the eucommia composite plate.

The sources of the components are not particularly limited in the present invention unless otherwise specified, and may be those obtained by commercially available products or conventional production methods well known to those skilled in the art.

The eucommia ulmoides raw material and other raw materials are mixed and then are subjected to cold pressing to obtain the preformed plate.

In the present invention, the eucommia ulmoides oliv raw material preferably includes one of eucommia ulmoides wood, eucommia ulmoides seed, eucommia ulmoides leaf, and eucommia ulmoides active ingredient extraction residue. In the invention, the eucommia ulmoides raw material contains a unique eucommia ulmoides gum component, has unique rubber and plastic duality and good plasticity under hot pressing, can be directly compounded and hot pressed with other raw materials under the condition of no adhesive to form a composite board, does not need to use an adhesive and does not contain a formaldehyde component, and is green and environment-friendly.

In the invention, the other raw materials comprise wood raw materials or non-wood raw materials, and preferably comprise one of poplar wood, cork, straws, traditional Chinese medicine dregs and wood processing waste.

In the present invention, the eucommia ulmoides material and other materials are preferably dried before use. In the invention, the moisture content of the dried eucommia ulmoides and other raw materials is preferably less than or equal to 0.5%. In the invention, the drying temperature is preferably 80-105 ℃, more preferably 85-100 ℃, and most preferably 90-95 ℃. The drying time is not particularly limited, and the moisture content of each raw material after drying can be ensured to be within the range. In the invention, the drying time is preferably 2-4 h. According to the invention, the drying can reduce the water content of the raw materials, reduce the water absorption expansion rate of the composite board, and avoid the bubbling phenomenon and even breakage of the produced composite board due to expansion.

In the present invention, the mesh number of the eucommia ulmoides material and the other materials is preferably 20 to 60 meshes, and more preferably 30 to 50 meshes. The invention limits the mesh number of the eucommia ulmoides raw material and other raw materials in the range, can ensure that the raw materials have proper particle size, are more uniformly mixed, are easy to form, have more uniform composite boards and better mechanical properties, are not easy to break, and have lower crushing cost.

When the mesh number of the eucommia ulmoides oliv and other raw materials is not within the above range, the present invention preferably performs pulverization treatment of the eucommia ulmoides oliv and other raw materials. The operation of the crushing treatment is not particularly limited, and the mesh number of the crushed raw materials is ensured to be within the range by adopting the technical scheme of material crushing which is well known to the technical personnel in the field.

In the present invention, the mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides oliv raw material to the other raw materials is preferably 1: (0.1 to 30), and more preferably 1: (1 to 25), more preferably 1: (5-20), most preferably 1: (10-15). The invention limits the mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides raw material to other raw materials in the range, so that the composite board has better tensile strength, elasticity and hardness.

The operation of mixing the eucommia ulmoides raw material and other raw materials is not particularly limited, and the technical scheme of mixing materials, which is well known by the technical personnel in the field, can be adopted.

In the invention, the pressure of the cold pressing is preferably 5-15 MPa, more preferably 7-12 MPa, and most preferably 9-10 MPa; the cold pressing time is preferably 5-10 min, more preferably 6-9 min, and most preferably 7-8 min; the temperature of the cold pressing is preferably room temperature. In the invention, the cold pressing is used for compacting and forming each raw material. The invention limits the pressure intensity and time of cold pressing in the range, can lead the combination of the raw materials to be more compact, further improves the mechanical property of the composite board and leads the composite board not to be easy to break.

In the present invention, the cold pressing is preferably performed in a press mold. The shape and the size of the die are not specially limited, and the die can be selected according to actual requirements.

After the cold pressing is finished, the plate after the cold pressing is preferably taken out to obtain the preformed plate.

After the preformed plate is obtained, the preformed plate is subjected to hot pressing to obtain the eucommia ulmoides composite plate.

In the invention, the pressure of the hot pressing is preferably 10-30 MPa, more preferably 15-25 MPa, and most preferably 20 MPa; the hot pressing temperature is preferably 100-140 ℃, more preferably 110-130 ℃, and most preferably 120 ℃; the time for hot pressing is preferably 5-20 min, and more preferably 10-15 min. In the invention, the eucommia ulmoides raw material contains eucommia ulmoides gum, the melting temperature of the eucommia ulmoides gum is about 80-85 ℃, the eucommia ulmoides gum is melted in the hot pressing process, and the eucommia ulmoides gum is crosslinked and bonded with other raw material particles under the action of pressure intensity to obtain the composite board, and the mechanical property of the composite board is improved. The invention limits the temperature, time and pressure of hot pressing in the above range, can make the raw materials more fully cross-linked and bonded, and further improves the mechanical property of the composite board.

After hot pressing is finished, the hot-pressed plate is preferably cooled to obtain the eucommia ulmoides composite plate; the cooling is preferably carried out at room temperature; the end point of the cooling is preferably room temperature.

The eucommia ulmoides raw materials and other raw materials are used as raw materials, the eucommia ulmoides contains unique gutta percha components, has unique rubber and plastic duality, and has good plasticity under hot pressing, so that the eucommia ulmoides raw materials and other wood or non-wood raw materials can be directly compounded and hot pressed to form the composite board without adhesives, and the composite board is green and environment-friendly; the use amount of each component and the technological parameters of cold pressing and hot pressing are controlled, so that the composite board has better mechanical property.

The invention also provides the adhesive-free formaldehyde-free green eucommia ulmoides composite board prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme.

The eucommia ulmoides composite board provided by the invention has good mechanical properties, does not contain adhesives, and is green and environment-friendly.

The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

(1) Respectively crushing eucommia wood and poplar wood into 20 meshes, and drying at 80 ℃ for 4h until the water content is below 0.5%;

(2) mixing the dried eucommia wood and poplar wood according to the mass ratio of 1:0.1, placing the mixture in a compression mold, carrying out cold pressing at room temperature, and taking out the mixture to obtain a preformed board, wherein the pressure of the cold pressing is 5MPa, and the time is 10 min;

(3) and (3) carrying out hot pressing on the preformed plate, wherein the hot pressing pressure is 10MPa, the temperatures of the upper plate and the lower plate are 100 ℃, the time is 20min, after the hot pressing is finished, cooling the preformed plate at room temperature for 30min to room temperature to obtain the eucommia composite plate, and testing the tensile strength to be 12.5MPa according to the national standard GB/T1938 plus 2009 wood grain tensile strength test method.

Example 2

The mass ratio of the eucommia wood and the poplar wood in the step (2) of the example 1 is replaced by 1:1, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 1.

Example 3

The mass ratio of eucommia wood and poplar wood in the step (2) of the example 1 is replaced by 1:10, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 1.

Example 4

The mass ratio of eucommia wood and poplar wood in the step (2) of the example 1 is replaced by 1:20, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 1.

Example 5

The mass ratio of eucommia wood and poplar wood in the step (2) of the example 1 is replaced by 1:30, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 1.

Example 6

(1) Respectively crushing eucommia ulmoides seeds and cork powder to 60 meshes, and drying at 105 ℃ for 2h until the water content is below 0.5%;

(2) mixing the dried eucommia seeds and the cork according to the mass ratio of 1:1, placing the mixture in a compression mold, carrying out cold pressing at room temperature, and taking out the mixture to obtain a preformed plate, wherein the pressure of the cold pressing is 15MPa, and the time is 5 min;

(3) and (3) carrying out hot pressing on the preformed plate, wherein the hot pressing pressure is 30MPa, the temperatures of the upper plate and the lower plate are 140 ℃, the time is 5min, after the hot pressing is finished, cooling the preformed plate at room temperature for 60min to room temperature to obtain the eucommia composite plate, and testing the tensile strength to be 8.6MPa according to the national standard GB/T1938 plus 2009 wood grain tensile strength test method.

Example 7

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides seeds to the cork in the step (2) in the example 6 is replaced by 1:0.1, and other parameters are the same as those in the example 6.

Example 8

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides seeds to the cork in the step (2) in the example 6 is replaced by 1:10, and other parameters are the same as those in the example 6.

Example 9

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides seeds to the cork in the step (2) in the example 6 is replaced by 1:20, and other parameters are the same as those in the example 6.

Example 10

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides seeds to the cork in the step (2) in the example 6 is replaced by 1:30, and other parameters are the same as those in the example 6.

Example 11

(1) Respectively crushing folium Eucommiae and wheat straw to 40 mesh, and drying at 90 deg.C for 3 hr until the water content is below 0.5%;

(2) mixing the dried eucommia ulmoides leaves and the wheat straws according to a mass ratio of 1:10, placing the mixture in a compression mold, carrying out cold pressing at room temperature, and taking out the mixture to obtain a preformed plate, wherein the pressure of the cold pressing is 8MPa, and the time is 6 min;

(3) and (3) carrying out hot pressing on the preformed plate, wherein the hot pressing pressure is 20MPa, the temperatures of the upper plate and the lower plate are 130 ℃, the time is 10min, after the hot pressing is finished, cooling the preformed plate for 40min to room temperature at room temperature to obtain the eucommia composite plate, and testing the tensile strength to be 5.1MPa according to the national standard GB/T1938 plus 2009 wood grain tensile strength test method.

Example 12

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides leaves to the wheat straws in the step (2) of the example 11 is replaced by 1:0.1, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 11.

Example 13

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides leaves to the wheat straws in the step (2) of the example 11 is replaced by 1:1, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 11.

Example 14

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides leaves to the wheat straws in the step (2) of the example 11 is replaced by 1:20, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 11.

Example 15

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides leaves to the wheat straws in the step (2) of the example 11 is replaced by 1:30, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 11.

Example 16

(1) Respectively pulverizing the cortex Eucommiae active ingredient extraction residue and the Chinese medicinal residue to 50 mesh, and drying at 100 deg.C for 2 hr until the water content is below 0.5%;

(2) mixing the dried eucommia ulmoides active ingredient extraction residue and the traditional Chinese medicine dregs according to the mass ratio of 1:30, placing the mixture in a compression mold, carrying out cold pressing at room temperature, and taking out the mixture to obtain a preformed plate, wherein the cold pressing pressure is 10MPa, and the time is 8 min;

(3) and (3) carrying out hot pressing on the preformed plate, wherein the hot pressing pressure is 15MPa, the temperatures of the upper plate and the lower plate are 120 ℃, the time is 15min, after the hot pressing is finished, cooling the preformed plate for 50min to room temperature at room temperature to obtain the eucommia composite plate, and testing the tensile strength to be 1.8MPa according to the national standard GB/T1938 plus 2009 wood grain tensile strength test method.

Example 17

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides active ingredient extraction residue to the traditional Chinese medicine residue in the step (2) of the example 16 is replaced by 1:0.1, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 16.

Example 18

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides active ingredient extraction residue to the traditional Chinese medicine residue in the step (2) of the example 16 is replaced by 1:1, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 16.

Example 19

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides active ingredient extraction residue to the traditional Chinese medicine residue in the step (2) of the example 16 is replaced by 1:10, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 16.

Example 20

The mass ratio of the eucommia ulmoides active ingredient extraction residue to the traditional Chinese medicine dregs in the step (2) of the example 16 is replaced by 1:20, and other parameters are the same as those of the example 16.

Example 21

(1) Respectively pulverizing Eucommiae cortex seed and wood processing waste into 30 mesh, and drying at 100 deg.C for 2.5 hr until water content is below 0.5%;

(2) mixing the dried eucommia seeds and wood processing waste wood shavings according to the mass ratio of 1:1, placing the mixture into a compression mold, carrying out cold pressing at room temperature, and taking out the mixture to obtain a preformed board, wherein the pressure of the cold pressing is 12MPa, and the time is 10 min;

(3) and (3) carrying out hot pressing on the preformed plate, wherein the hot pressing pressure is 25MPa, the temperatures of the upper plate and the lower plate are 110 ℃, the time is 10min, after the hot pressing is finished, cooling the preformed plate at room temperature for 45min to room temperature to obtain the eucommia composite plate, and testing the tensile strength to be 7.4MPa according to the national standard GB/T1938 plus 2009 wood grain tensile strength test method.

Example 22

The mass ratio of eucommia ulmoides seeds to wood processing waste wood shavings in the step (2) of example 21 was changed to 1:0.1, and other parameters were the same as those of example 21.

Example 23

The mass ratio of eucommia ulmoides seeds to wood processing waste wood shavings in the step (2) of example 21 was changed to 1:10, and other parameters were the same as those of example 21.

Example 24

The mass ratio of eucommia ulmoides seeds to wood processing waste wood shavings in the step (2) of example 21 was changed to 1:20, and other parameters were the same as those of example 21.

Example 25

The mass ratio of eucommia ulmoides seeds to wood processing waste wood shavings in the step (2) of example 21 was changed to 1:30, and other parameters were the same as those of example 21.

The tensile strength of the eucommia ulmoides composite boards prepared in examples 1-25 was tested according to the national standard GB/T1938-: poplar was the eucommia ulmoides composite board prepared in examples 1-5, eucommia ulmoides: the cork is the eucommia ulmoides composite board prepared in the embodiment 6-10, and the eucommia ulmoides: the wheat straw is the eucommia ulmoides composite board prepared in the embodiment 11-15, and the eucommia ulmoides: the traditional Chinese medicine residues are the eucommia ulmoides composite boards prepared in the examples 16-20; eucommia ulmoides: the wood shavings were eucommia ulmoides composite plates prepared in examples 21 to 55. As can be seen from fig. 1, the eucommia ulmoides composite board has better tensile strength, and the tensile strength of the eucommia ulmoides composite board is gradually reduced along with the increase of the use amount of other raw materials.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.