阅读说明：本技术 以低阶煤热解半焦作为固体热载体热解生物质的方法及其装置 (Method and device for pyrolyzing biomass by using low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke as solid heat carrier ) 是由 白太宽 许邦 于 2021-07-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种以低阶煤热解半焦作为固体热载体热解生物质的方法及其装置,属于生物质及固体废弃物热解技术领域,具体包括低阶煤热解半焦和生物质材料,按照以下步骤进行操作,生物质材料经破碎烘干后与低阶煤热解半焦按照比例加入固体热载体热解装置内,低阶煤热解半焦、生物质材料在固体热载体热解装置内搅拌混匀并进行热解反应,生成热解气和混合半焦,混合半焦进入余热回收装置进行余热回收,热解气先经除尘器除尘后进入冷却器,热解气经冷却器分离后,分离出生物质焦油和可燃气,本发明结构简单,能够充分利用低阶煤热解半焦的余热,能耗低,降低运行成本。(The invention relates to a method and a device for pyrolyzing biomass by using low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke as a solid heat carrier, which belong to the technical field of pyrolysis of biomass and solid wastes, and particularly comprise low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke and a biomass material, the method comprises the following steps of crushing and drying biomass materials, adding the crushed and dried biomass materials and low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke into a solid heat carrier pyrolysis device in proportion, stirring and uniformly mixing the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke and the biomass materials in the solid heat carrier pyrolysis device, carrying out pyrolysis reaction to generate pyrolysis gas and mixed semicoke, enabling the mixed semicoke to enter a waste heat recovery device for waste heat recovery, enabling the pyrolysis gas to enter a cooler after being dedusted by a deduster, and separating the pyrolysis gas by the cooler, the device has the advantages of simple structure, low energy consumption and low operation cost, and can fully utilize the waste heat of the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke.)

1. The method for pyrolyzing the biomass by taking the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke as the solid heat carrier comprises the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke and a biomass material, and is characterized in that: operate according to following step, biomass material adds the solid heat carrier pyrolysis device with low order coal pyrolysis semicoke according to the proportion after the breakage is dried in, low order coal pyrolysis semicoke, biomass material stir the mixing and carry out pyrolytic reaction in the solid heat carrier pyrolysis device, generate pyrolysis gas and mixed semicoke, mixed semicoke gets into waste heat recovery device and carries out waste heat recovery, pyrolysis gas gets into the cooler after the dust remover removes dust earlier, pyrolysis gas is through the cooler separation back, separates biomass tar and combustible gas.

2. The apparatus for pyrolyzing biomass by using low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke as a solid heat carrier according to claim 1, wherein: including casing and central axle, the bottom of casing is provided with strutting arrangement, install two center pins in the casing, every the both ends of center pin are installed on the casing through moving seal device, drive arrangement is installed to the one end of center pin, install stirring vane group on the center pin, the top of casing is provided with biomass material import, pyrolysis semicoke import and pyrolysis gas export, the bottom of casing is provided with mixed semicoke export, biomass material import, pyrolysis semicoke import set up the one end at the casing, pyrolysis gas export and mixed semicoke export set up the other end at the casing respectively.

3. The device for pyrolyzing biomass by using low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke as a solid heat carrier according to claim 2, wherein: stirring blade group mainly comprises stirring tooth and helical blade, stirring tooth and helical blade set up respectively on the center pin, just be provided with the angle of deflection between stirring tooth and the center pin axle, like this, the stirring tooth realizes outside the mixed stirring function of feeding, can promote the material toward the discharge end simultaneously, the setting of stirring tooth is in the import of biomass material, pyrolysis semicoke import below, helical blade sets up the front end at the stirring tooth, helical blade one end and the contact of stirring tooth, the other end extends to the one end of mixing the semicoke export.

4. The device for pyrolyzing biomass by using low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke as a solid heat carrier according to claim 2, wherein: and a heat insulation layer is also arranged outside the shell.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method and a device for pyrolyzing biomass by using low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke as a solid heat carrier, and belongs to the technical field of pyrolysis of biomass and solid waste.

Background

The pyrolysis technology is to carry out thermal conversion on solid materials in an oxygen-free state, convert the solid materials from low-energy-density substances into high-energy-density oil, gas and pyrolytic carbon, so as to realize the recycling, reutilization and non-carbonization of renewable energy sources such as biomass resources and other solid wastes under the current double-carbon background, realize high-energy high-use, low-energy low-use and simultaneously reduce the utilization of fossil energy sources.

The pyrolysis reactor is used as a core device in a pyrolysis device, different pyrolysis processes are carried out, the structural form of the pyrolysis device is different, and the pyrolysis device mainly comprises a spiral conveying reactor, a fluidized bed reactor, a solid bed reactor, a rotary kiln and the like. At present, a rotary kiln structure is adopted in China mostly, and according to different heat transfer modes, the rotary kiln structure comprises a jacket type, an internal heating type, an external smoke chamber and a radiant tube type, an internal and external smoke fixing and a radiant tube type and the like, and although the reactors respectively have advantages and disadvantages, the rotary kiln structure is mainly suitable for pyrolysis of low-rank coal. The spiral conveying type pyrolysis reactor mostly adopts a gas heat carrier heat supply mode and a jacket structure, so that the structural design is complex, and the equipment manufacturing cost is increased.

The publication number is CN104531227A, the patent name is a biomass double-shaft spiral pyrolysis device, a jacket structure is adopted, a gas heat carrier heat supply mode is utilized, flue gas is used as a pyrolysis heat source and is introduced into the jacket, and two spiral augers are arranged at the center of a shell and used for mixing and conveying materials. Compared with a solid heat carrier, the gas heat carrier has relatively low heat transfer efficiency in a heat supply mode; the structure adopts a double-layer jacket type, and the inner shell and the outer shell are in direct contact with a high-temperature (700-1000 ℃) medium, so that the high-temperature material selection difficulty is high, the equipment cost is high, and the cost performance is low; meanwhile, the contact media such as the equipment shell, the central shaft and the like are different, the temperatures are different, the linear expansion amounts of all the parts are inconsistent, and the structural design is complex.

Publication No. CN107033932A, entitled multifunctional continuous biaxial fluidized bed cracking furnace for treating municipal waste, which utilizes the principle of heat radiation and also adopts a jacket structure. The furnace is internally provided with a double-shaft structure, but the structure design mainly exerts a single-shaft conveying function, the stirring function is realized by adopting single-shaft helical blades to perform tooth punching, and the double-shaft material mixing, crushing and stirring functions are not realized.

Publication No. 202020102272.3, entitled pyrolysis reactor for heating of solid heat carrier, has the following disadvantages: 1. three-shaft stirring is adopted, and a decomposition assisting blade and the like are arranged on a stirring shaft, so that the structure is excessively complex; 2. the central shaft is filled with water, and the heat-insulating layer is arranged in the reactor, so that the swelling amounts of the central shaft and the heat-insulating layer are different under the working conditions of the central shaft and the heat-insulating layer; 3. the horizontal ladder structure with the front section lower than the rear section higher does not have obvious dust removal effect, but the structure of the reactor is too complicated; 4. the most important point is that although the reactor is a solid heat carrier reactor, it does not indicate what kind of solid heat carrier, the temperature and the property of the solid heat carrier, how to recycle and reuse the solid heat carrier, and the most important point is that the solid heat carrier used in the conventional solid heat carrier process or reactor is recycled, and if the point is not clear, the so-called solid heat carrier reactor has no particular practicability and operability. 5. As long as the biomass or solid waste is pretreated and can enter the reactor, there is no need to consider the problems of crushing and entanglement, since the biomass or solid waste is rapidly pyrolyzed into carbon once pyrolyzed, especially with the formation of a solid heat carrier, which does not present the above-mentioned problems.

In addition, the research on the co-pyrolysis of the low-rank coal and the biomass is also carried out, but the pyrolysis temperature regions of the low-rank coal and the biomass are different, and if the low-rank coal and the biomass are co-pyrolyzed, secondary pyrolysis of the biomass pyrolysis products is caused.

Based on the above, in order to solve the problem of recycling the solid heat carrier in the conventional solid heat carrier pyrolysis process, especially a solid heat carrier pyrolysis reactor for biomass or solid waste and a pyrolysis process method thereof, research is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the method and the device for pyrolyzing the biomass by using the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke as the solid heat carrier, which have the advantages of simple structure, low energy consumption and reduced operation cost, and can fully utilize the waste heat of the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a method for pyrolyzing biomass by using low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke as a solid heat carrier, the method comprises the following steps of operating the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke and a biomass material, crushing and drying the biomass material, adding the biomass material and the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke into a solid heat carrier pyrolysis device according to a ratio, stirring and uniformly mixing the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke and the biomass material in the solid heat carrier pyrolysis device, carrying out pyrolysis reaction to generate pyrolysis gas and mixed semicoke, feeding the mixed semicoke into a waste heat recovery device for waste heat recovery, feeding the pyrolysis gas into a cooler after dedusting by a deduster, and separating biomass tar and combustible gas after the pyrolysis gas is separated by the cooler.

Use low order coal pyrolysis semicoke as device of solid heat carrier pyrolysis living beings, including casing and center pin, the bottom of casing is provided with strutting arrangement, install two center pins in the casing, every the both ends of center pin are installed on the casing through moving seal device, drive arrangement is installed to the one end of center pin, install stirring blade group on the center pin, the top of casing is provided with biomass material import, pyrolysis semicoke import and pyrolysis gas export, the bottom of casing is provided with mixed semicoke export, biomass material import, pyrolysis semicoke import set up the one end at the casing, pyrolysis gas export and mixed semicoke export set up the other end at the casing respectively.

Preferably, stirring blade group mainly comprises stirring tooth and helical blade, stirring tooth and helical blade set up respectively on the center pin, just be provided with the angle of deflection between stirring tooth and the center pin axle, like this, the stirring tooth realizes outside the mixed stirring function of feeding, can promote the material toward the discharge end simultaneously, the setting of stirring tooth is in the import of biomass material, pyrolysis semicoke import below, helical blade sets up the front end at the stirring tooth, helical blade one end and the contact of stirring tooth, the other end extends to the one end of mixing the semicoke export.

Preferably, the outside of casing still is provided with the heat preservation, like this, when realizing heat preservation, the center pin is unanimous with reactor shell body temperature, and both do not have the condition that the inflation is asynchronous.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects.

1. After the low-rank coal is pyrolyzed, the semicoke is used as a solid heat carrier to pyrolyze biomass or solid waste to form gradient pyrolysis, and heat in the low-rank coal thermal conversion process is effectively utilized.

2. The low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke solid heat carrier can pass through at one time, circulation is not needed, and the operation cost is saved.

3. And the double-shaft stirring pyrolysis reactor is adopted, so that the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke and biomass or solid waste can be fully and uniformly mixed.

4. The low-rank coal semicoke is used as a heat carrier, so that the biomass can be rapidly pyrolyzed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the biological pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the biological pyrolysis apparatus of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a method for pyrolyzing biomass by using low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke as a solid heat carrier includes the steps of pyrolyzing the semicoke and biomass material with low-rank coal, and operating according to the following steps, the biomass material is crushed and dried and then added into a solid heat carrier pyrolysis device with the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke in proportion, the pyrolysis reaction is carried out on the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke and the biomass material in the solid heat carrier pyrolysis device to generate pyrolysis gas and mixed semicoke, the mixed semicoke enters a waste heat recovery device for waste heat recovery, the pyrolysis gas enters a cooler after being dedusted by a deduster, and the pyrolysis gas is separated from biomass tar and combustible gas by the cooler.

According to the invention, the waste heat of the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke is fully utilized, the waste heat of the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke is mixed with the biomass material, the biomass material is pyrolyzed, and the biomass material is pyrolyzed to generate biomass tar and combustible gas. In the whole process, an additional heat source is not needed, the introduced heat carrier passes through at one time, a large amount of circulation is not needed, and the operation cost is saved.

As shown in fig. 2, with device of low order coal pyrolysis semicoke as solid heat carrier pyrolysis living beings, including casing 1 and central axle 8, the bottom of casing 1 is provided with strutting arrangement 6, install two center pins 8 in the casing 1, install on casing 1 through dynamic seal device 10 at the both ends of every center pin 8, drive arrangement 5 is installed to the one end of center pin 8, install stirring blade group on the center pin 8, the top of casing 1 is provided with biomass material import 3, pyrolysis semicoke import 4 and pyrolysis gas export 2, the bottom of casing 1 is provided with mixed semicoke export 7, biomass material import 3, pyrolysis semicoke import 4 sets up the one end at casing 1, pyrolysis gas export 2 and mixed semicoke export 7 set up the other end at casing 1 respectively.

The top cover of the shell is arranged to be an arch-shaped space, so that pyrolysis gas can conveniently overflow in the pyrolysis process. The outside of casing 1 still is provided with the heat preservation, reduces calorific loss. The bottom of the shell is provided with a plurality of supporting devices, the supporting devices adopt a saddle type structure, one end of each supporting device is fixedly supported, and the residual heat is supported in a sliding manner, so that the overall thermal expansion of the reactor shell can be eliminated. Casing internally mounted center pin and stirring vane group, drive arrangement rotate through driving the center pin, when stirring vane group rotates the transmission material to accelerate the material to mix, accelerate pyrolysis efficiency. Meanwhile, the driving device can control the flowing speed and the retention time of the biomass material and the low-rank coal pyrolysis semicoke entering the shell in real time according to the pyrolysis effect by adjusting the rotating speed and the steering of the central shaft. The biomass material inlet 3 and the pyrolysis semicoke inlet 4 are arranged in a staggered mode, so that the productivity is improved, the biomass is rapidly pyrolyzed, and the biomass is prevented from being blocked at the initial section of the reactor. The pyrolysis gas outlet 2 is used for discharging pyrolysis gas, and the mixed semicoke outlet 7 is used for discharging pyrolysis mixed semicoke.

Wherein, stirring blade group mainly comprises stirring tooth 11 and helical blade 9, and stirring tooth 11 and helical blade 9 set up respectively on center pin 8, and are provided with the angle of deflection between stirring tooth 11 and the center pin 8, and stirring tooth 11 sets up in biomass material import 3, pyrolysis semicoke import 4's below, and helical blade 9 sets up the front end at stirring tooth 11, and helical blade 9 one end and the contact of stirring tooth, the other end extends to the one end of mixing semicoke export 7. The stirring teeth are arranged below the biomass material inlet 3 and the pyrolysis semicoke inlet 4 and are provided with certain deflection angles, so that the stirring and mixing effects are achieved, and meanwhile, the materials can move from the feeding end to the discharging end.

In addition, the method and the device can also be used for the pyrolysis treatment of solid wastes, garbage and other wastes.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.